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Ukuqonda Ubuhlobo Phakathi Kwama - UK Nezikhulu Zikahulumeni Ophakathi
Ithonya elinamandla phakathi kwamameya e-UK nohulumeni ophethe i-British yanamuhla liyisisekelo sokubusa kwanamuhla, libonisa ukushintshela kakhulu ekudaleni ushintsho lwenguquko kanye nezindawo. Njengoba amadolobha nezifunda zinomthwalo wemfanelo omkhulu ezindabeni zazo, ukuhlangana phakathi kwamameya akhethiwe neWestminster kuye kwaba nethonya ekwakhekeni kwesimiso somphakathi, intuthuko yezomnotho, nezinkonzo zomphakathi. Lobu buhlobo abunciphi; buyancipha futhi bugeleza ngemijikelezo yezombangazwe, izingcindezi zemali, kanye nezidingo ezisayo zezakhamuzi zasedolobheni. Ukuqonda lobu buhlobo budinga ukuhlola amapulani, umongo omlando, namaqiniso achaza indlela asebenza ngayo phakathi kwemithetho yomphakathi kanye namathuba anikezwa nguhulumeni omkhulu.
Indima Ejikelezayo Ye - UK Meyar
Imeya ye-UK, ikakhulukazi labo abasegunyeni elihlangene njenge-Greater Manchester, West Midlands, ne-Liverpool City Treant, baphakathi kwabantu abavelele kakhulu ekubuseni kwendawo. Izindima zabo zidlulela kude kakhulu kunemisebenzi yemikhosi; banegunya elibalulekile lokuthutha, ukuthuthukisa izindlu, amakhono, nokuthuthukisa kwezomnotho. Ukusungulwa kwezakhiwo zemetro ngaphansi kweMaties ne-Dyvolution Province 2016 kwaphawula isikhathi esincane kakhulu ekusebenziseni inzuzo, kunikeza laba baholi ukuba balandise ngokuqondisisa imicimbi yabo yemisebenzi kanye nemali elinganiselwe. Nokho, igunya labo abalawuli abakhonziwa ngokuphelele. Uhulumeni ophakathi balawula ukuxhaswa kwezimali eziyisisekelo, izisekelo ezingokomthetho, nezimiso zesizwe, ukwenza inqubo eyinkimbinkimbi ye-Drevolution ephakathi ye-interntary ne-internation.
Isibonelo sikamphathi-maya eLondon sihlukile, umaya wase-London ephethe amandla amakhulu ezokuthutha (TfL), amaphoyisa, izindlu, nokuhlelwa kwezindawo. Lokhu kubeke isiqalo kwezinye izindawo, nakuba zingekho eziye zafinyelela izinga elifanayo le-fiscal lizimele. Ngaphesheya kwe-UK, amameya asebenza njengezindawo eziyinhloko zokuzichaza kwezifunda nezindlela zezomnotho, ngokuvamile esebenza njengamaqhawe ezindawo zabo ezingxoxweni noWhitehall. Ikhono lawo lokuthonya inqubo eyinhloko lixhomeke enhloko-nkampane yabo yezombangazwe, amandla emisebenzi yabo, kanye nokuhlelwa kwezinto eziza kuqala neqembu elibusayo eWestmistern.
Inqubo Yokuziphendukela Kwemvelo Nethonya Layo
Imisebenzi yokuziphendukela kwemvelo iyindlela eyinhloko lapho imibuso nemithombo yemali isuka kuhulumeni ophakathi kuya kuziphathimandla ezihlangene. Lezi zivumelwano eziphinyiselweyo ziye zabonakala zinhlobo-kene: ezinye izindawo ziye zakwazi ukulawula izindleko zezokuthutha, imfundo yabadala, kanye nokutshala izindlu, kuyilapho ezinye ziye zathola inkululeko elinganiselwe. Ngokwesibonelo, iNtshonalanga yeMiddlands Extrainmed Authority yaxoxa ngebhizinisi elidambisa ukuthunyelwa okunemali ehlanganisa i-$1,1,1 yezigidi zezigidi zezigidi zezigidi zemali yempahla yezokuthutha kwendawo, izindlu, namakhono angaphezu kweminyaka engu-30. Izivumelwano ezinjalo zihlelwa ngokwezibukelo zezikhathi ezithile futhi zifuna ukuba izikhulu ze-Australia zibonise ukuthutha okuphumelelayo ukuze zidluliselwe phambili amandla.
Inqubo yokuxoxisana ngokwayo yembula ukungalingani kwamandla emzameni wobuhlobo bendawo. Abamangali kumelwe basekele ngokuphumelelayo, basekele kwezombangazwe ngokunenzuzo kumaMP, abaholi bebhizinisi, futhi ngezinye izikhathi nemikhankaso yomphakathi, ukuze banxuse abefundisi abasenkabeni ukuba bakhulule ukusekela izimali ezengeziwe noma ukuvumelana nezimo. Lokhu kungaholela ebuhlotsheni obuthengiselwayo lapho abaphathi bedolobha bethengisa ukwethembeka noma ukuhleleka kwemithombo yengcebo. Abagxeki baphikisa ngokuthi udevolution luhlala lungaphelele, kanti uhulumeni ophethe kakhulu kakhulu ekusebenziseni izakhiwo, ubeke imingcele elinganiselwe yekhono yabameya ekwaya ezindaweni zokunakekela izidingo zendawo.
Ukugeleza Kwemali Nezimo Ezizishintshayo
Imali iyingxenye yegazi yokubusa kwemeya, futhi izinqubo uhulumeni omkhulu anika ngazo imithombo yezimali ziwumthombo ongapheli wempikiswano. Imeya eningi ithembele enhlanganiseleni yemicebo ephakathi, amazinga ebhizinisi, nemithetho yentela yomkhandlu yendawo. Isivumelwano sezimali saminyaka yonke sikahulumeni sendawo sinquma ukuthi imali egeleza isuka eWestminster iye emikhandlwini futhi ihlangene, ngokuvamile ngemva kokugqugquzela okukhulu. AmaMaya avame ukuphikisa ngokuthi intengiselwano yemali yamanje ayanele futhi ayiqinisekile, ivimbela ukuhlelwa kwesikhathi eside kwemisebenzi yezemisebenzi yomphakathi.
Isidingo esiyinhloko esivela kumphathi-mameya abaningi sikhulu kakhulu, kuhlanganise nekhono lokuphakamisa nokugcina izintela zendawo, ukuboleka ngokukhululekile, nokuletha imifudlana yemali emisha enjengentela yezivakashi noma izimali zokupaka emsebenzini. Uhulumeni ophakathi uye waqapha kulo mkhondo, ngokwengxenye ngenxa yokukhathalela ukujeziswa nokungalingani kwezifunda. I-Mooral'sting ihlala iqinile, ngisho nanjengoba ukukhulumela nge-productionism kukhula. Inhlangano ye-Government iye yaphawula ukuthi i-UK] imeyarders fiscal ehlabrecuality kunemistsssss kweminye imithombo emikhulu yezomnotho., okungalinganisela ikhono labo lokuqhuba nokusabela ekushayiseni kwezomnotho.
Naphezu kwalezi zithiyo, amameya aye athola izindlela ezintsha zokuthonya ukusetshenziswa kwemali. Abanye baye basebenzisa amandla abo okuzisebenzela ukudonsa imali yabo ngokuhlanganisa izinhlangano zezentengiselwano zegunya eziphazanyisiwe noma izimali zokutshala imali. Abanye baye benza izivumelwano phakathi kwemigqa yamaqembu ukuze banikeze izikhawu ezihlangene kuhulumeni ophakathi, njengoba kubonakala eqenjini le-Metro Mayars elisebenza ngokuhlangene ukuze kuxhaswe izimali ezingcono. Lamacebo abonisa indlela esebenzayo edingekayo ekuhambeleni kwesimiso lapho imali namandla kusalokhu kuhlangene khona eLondon.
Ukuqondiswa Kwesimiso Nokucindezeleka
Ubuhlobo phakathi komphathi-mameya nohulumeni ophethe abukho nje ngokwezimali; bubuye bube sezombangazwe nabemizwa. Uma iqembu lomphathi-dolobha livumelana nohulumeni, ukubambisana kuvame ukuba kushelele, futhi amameya akwazi ukuvikela ukufinyelela ngokushesha kubefundisi nokuhleleka kwezimiso. Ngokwesibonelo, i-Conservative Meatro e-mistrated eNtshonalanga yeMidlands nase-Tees Valley iye yazuza ekusondeleni okuseduze nohulumeni ophakathi, ithonya izakhiwo zezakhiwo ezinjengezikhomba-HS2 ze-ley kanye neziqu ze-portetart. Ngokuphikisana nomthetho, i-Labour Meyarders eManstery, Liverpool, neLondon ngokuvamile zizitholela ngokwazo zimelene nomthetho ophethe i-mastery, eziholela ekubeni zingenele kakhulu ebuhlotsheni obuphakathi nohulumeni obuphakathi.
Izimpikiswano zemithetho zivamile, ikakhulukazi eziqondene nezisulu zezindlu, ukutshala izimali, nezimiso zendawo ezungezile. Impikiswano phakathi kweMayor yaseLondon nohulumeni ngokunwetshwa kwe-Ultra Low Eugraging Zone (ULEZ) iyisibonelo esivelele, esiqokomisa indlela isimiso sendawo esingaba ngayo indawo yempi yezombangazwe. Ngokufanayo, ukungavumelani ngokuxhasa izakhiwo zesitimela, njenge-Northern Powesterhouse Rail, iphazamisa ubuhlobo phakathi kwemeya yasenyakatho ne-Australia noMnyango wezokuthutha. Lengxabano ayibonakali nje i-chezungezwana; iveza ukungaboni okubalulekile phakathi kwemibono engokozwe neyo engokokuba nezwelonke kulokho okuveza isimiso sezempumelelo.
Noma kunjalo, kunezindawo eziphawulekayo zokubambisana. Amameya avame ukusebenza njengamalungu asebenza ndawonye ezimisweni zikahulumeni eziyinhloko, njenge-Stenceling Up Fund noma i-UK provection Provice Fund. Ulwazi lwawo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla ezindawo awenza ahlangane kakhulu ukuze afeze imigomo yesizwe. Impumelelo yemizamo enjenge-Manchester Independent Economic Review ne-West Middlands's isebenza ngokuyingxenye yemfundo yabadala nenguquko yamakhono ibangelwa ukuhola kwe-meyard bekhomkha esebenza phakathi kwezakhiwo zesizwe. Lendima embaxanxathelayo embaxazuluni ekhethekile yesizwe futhi isekela ukulawulwa kwezimiso zesizwe nemishini yezezobuchwepheshe nezokwahlulela zezombangazwe.
Ukuhlolwa Kwezingosi
Ukuhlola izibonelo eziqondile zokubambisana kuyasiza ukuveza ukuhlukanisa kobuhlobo bomphathi-dolobha nohulumeni. EMayarster, May Burnham u-May Burnham uye wasungula indlela "esekelwe endaweni" yokulungisa inkonzo yomphakathi, kuhlanganise nempilo nokuhlangana kwezenhlalo, okwakudinga izivumelwano ezikhethekile noMnyango wezempilo nezeNtlalo. Ukuncishiswa kwemali echithwayo eMnyango we-Manchester Exter Adminited Guided Authority kwakuyisivumelwano esivelele, ukuvumela lendawo ukuba ihlelele izikwele zemali phakathi kwe-NHS, ukunakekela kwezenhlalo, nezindlu zokunakekela umphakathi. Uhulumeni oPhakathi Central wanikeza lokhu kuvumelana njengengxenye ye "MD.Mvolution" kodwa kudinga ukuhlelwa kwemigomo ezindaweni ezingoko zokwenza umsebenzi kanye nokulawula imali.
ELondon, ubuhlobo phakathi kweMayor nohulumeni buye bagcwala kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ukulandela ushintsho lwezethutho lweLondon ukuya kubaphathi be-meya. Impahla yezimali ye-TfL yaphinde yahlanganiswa kaningi phakathi nonyaka ka-2010, imongo kahulumeni ophakathi yokulondoloza imali futhi inyuka. Inhlekelele yezezimali engu-202020 yabona i-TfL ithola imali ephuthumayo evela kuMnyango, kodwa inemicu ehlangeneyo ngokuphathelene nenzuzo yesizukulwane nenguquko yokulawula. Le zingxoxo zabonisa ukuthi uhulumeni ophethe iphethe ngisho nomphathi we-mouse onamandla kakhulu.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi lwendawo, iTees Valley Exvened Authority ngaphansi kwe-Conservative Mayor Ben Houchen iye yabona ukubambisana okuseduze nohulumeni ophethe, okuphumela ekudalweni kwesikhululo sezindiza esikhululekile nasekuvuselweni kwezindiza zendawo. Ukuzimisela kukahulumeni ukutshala imali kule ndawo ngokwengxenye kubonisa ukuhleleka kwezombangazwe, kodwa futhi ikhono likaHouchen lokuveza intuthuko evumelanayo ehambisana nezinhlelo zikahulumeni eziphezulu. Lendaba ibonisa indlela imeyameyamkhakha angayisebenzisa ngayo ukuhlelwa kwezentengiselwano ukuvikela i-scrector, nakuba iphakamisa imibuzo mayelana nokuhanjiswa kwemithombo yezentengiselwano ezindaweni ezinqamula izifunda.
Izinselele Nokucindezeleka Okuphikelelayo
Naphezu kwempumelelo eminingi, ubuhlobo phakathi kwamameya nohulumeni ophethe buphazanyiswa yizinselele ezingaxazululwanga. Enye yezindlela ezibaluleke kakhulu ukuntuleka kwemithetho echaza ngokucacile ukulingana kombuso. Imisebenzi ye-Dvolution ivame ukuxhunyaniswa ngasese, ngezindlela ezifiphele futhi ingabi nazimfuneko. Lokhu kuholela ekutheni izifunda ezithile zijabulela ukuzibusa okukhulu kakhulu kunezinye.
Enye ingxabano engapheli iyisikhathi esifushane semijikelezo ephakathi yokuxhasa ngemali. Imisebenzi eminingi yemeya, njengezinhlelo zezindlu noma intuthuko yokuthutha, idinga izibopho zeminyaka eminingi, kodwa uhulumeni ophethe ngokuvamile uhlela uhlelo lokusetshenziswa kwemali minyaka yonke noma amagama amisiwe. Lokhu kudala ukungaqiniseki nokululaza ukuhlela isikhathi eside. Ukusebenzisa kukahulumeni amabhodwe okuncintisana ngezimali, njengaseMthethweni weSiqikili se-Uningle, amabutho omphathi wezindawo ezithengwa kakhulu zemali engabekelwa ngokufakelwa ngokwezabeko ezisekelwe ezakhini. Ihhovisi lokulungisa ukwakhiwa kwesizwe liyigxeke lendlela yokusebenzisa izimpahla ezihambisana nokuphumelela nokuzicindezela kwayo.
Ukungezwani kwezombangazwe kuwumsuka owengeziwe wengxabano. Uma umphathi-dolobha engoweqembu elihlukile kunohulumeni ophethe, kungakhona ukuphazamisa ngamabomu noma ukungasekeli. Lokhu akunakwenzeka njalo, kodwa amameya abika izimpendulo ezilula ezizicelo, izimo ezinzima ekuxhaseni izivumelwano, nokuphathwa okungathandeki kakhulu ezimemezelweni zomphakathi. Abaphikisi babaphathi bedolobha futhi babhekene nenselele yokubekwa icala ngezinkinga zendawo abangakwazi ukuzilawula, kuyilapho uhulumeni omkhulu ezithi ubonge ukuphumelela okusekelwe eWestminsternster. Lokhu kungathika ukuthemba umphakathi kuwo womabili amazinga okubusa.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, omeya bakhononda ngokuthi uhulumeni omkhulu ngokuvamile uhluleka ukuxhumana nabo ngokufanele ezinqumweni ezingokomthetho ezithinta ngokuqondile izindawo zabo, njengokushintsha kwemithetho yokufuduka ethinta izimakethe zendawo noma ukuhlelwa kwezimiso. Lokhu kungathembisi kululaza umoya wokwehlisa inguquko futhi kubangele umuzwa wokuthi amameya abhekwa njengamathuluzi kunabantu abasebenza nabo. Ukuthatha i-White Paper kuzimisele ukuqinisa izwi lendawo kuWhitehall, kodwa isakhiwo sisakhemeya, nabaphathi bedolobha basazama ukuthola ithonya elinamandla engxenyeni yesimiso sezenkambiso.
Ikusasa Lokubusa Kwe - mayoral
Uma ubheka phambili, ubuhlobo phakathi kwe-UK Meyar nohulumeni ophakathi bungashintsha bungasabela ekuphenduleni kokubili ushintsho lwezombangazwe nokucindezela kwezomnotho. Ukuphoqelelwa okuqhubekayo kokuncishiswa kwenguquko, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezifana namakhono, impilo, nesimiso samandla, kusikisela ukuthi amameya azoqhubeka efuna inkululeko eyengeziwe. Izicelo zamanje ze-Labour Party zokungenisa amagunya amasha ahlangeneyo kanye nomphathi-meya ezindaweni ezinjenge-Hull ne-East Midlands zingandisa umfanekiso, kodwa futhi zinyuse amandla angokwembuyiselo kameya. Nokho, lokhu kukhula kungabangela ukufinyelela okusesilinganisweni esivamile esivela kuhulumeni esimaphakathi, njengoba ukukhula kwezakhiwo ze-meyadio kwenza kube nzima ukuphatha.
I-Fiscal devolution ilokhu iyinkinga eyisihluthulelo engaxazululwanga. Ngaphandle kwekhono lokuphakamisa izintela zendawo ezinkulu, amameya azohlala encike ezinqumweni eziyinhloko, alinganisele ikhono lawo lokuqhubezela ukukhula kwendawo noma ukusabela ezinkingeni. Ukwenqena kwezimali ukukhokha intela kuyisithiyo esikhulu, kodwa amanye amasu anjengenani lamakhulu ebhizinisi elikhona eManchester / shodar. Uma lokhu kuphumelela, ukucindezela kokunwebeka imingcele ebanzi, kungaphinde kukhule, cishe kubuye kube nobuhlobo obuyisisekelo.
Ubuchwepheshe nokwaziswa kunendima okumelwe kudlalwe. Njengoba amameya eba ayinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ekusebenziseni ukwaziswa ukuze aqhube izinqumo zenqubo − ngokwesibonelo ekuhleleni ukuthutha noma ukunakekelwa kwezenhlalo − bangakwazi ukwenza izigebengu ezisekelwe kubufakazi ezisemkhakheni wokuzibusa wendawo. Kwamanje, uhulumeni ophakathi ungasebenzisa imininingwane ukuze aqaphele ukusebenza kwe-meya ngokuseduze, enze indawo ezungezile enesibopho kakhulu kodwa futhi ibekelwe imingcele eyengeziwe. Ukulinganisela phakathi kokusungula indawo nokuqondisa kwesizwe kudinga ukulawulwa ngokucophelela.
Ibala lezombangazwe likahulumeni lizoguqula umfutho ongenakugwenywa we-meya. Uhulumeni ozwela kakhulu ekususweni koshintsho angasheshisa ukudluliswa kwemibuso, kuyilapho ukuqondisa okuphakathi kungaqinisa ukulawula. Nokho, ukuthambekela ekususeni ushintsho emazweni aseNtshonalanga kusikisela ukuthi, hhayi ngaphansi, ukuzibusa kwendawo cishe kusekhona esikhathini eside. Ikhono le-UK Meya lokusebenza ngokunempumelelo nohulumeni ophethe, kuyilapho ilondoloza ukuzimela kwayo nokuziphendulela kumavota, lizoba yisikwenakele ukuveza izinzuzo zangempela zalokhu kushintshashintsha.
Isiphetho
Ubuhlobo phakathi kwamameya e-UK nohulumeni ophakathi buyindawo ehlangene kakhulu futhi evame ukugcwala, okubalulekile ekusebenzeni okuphumelelayo kwezwe lanamuhla laseBrithani. Ama-mayres asebenza njengezindawo ezibalulekile phakathi kwemiphakathi nendawo nendawo, ephethe amathemba ezindawo zawo ukuze kuvuselelwe ngokwezomnotho, izinkonzo zomphakathi ezingcono, nokulawula okukhulu kakhulu. Uhulumeni ophakathi unikeza imithombo yemali nezimiso ezivumela izakhiwo ezenza ukuba ukubusa kwemeya ukuba kusebenze, kodwa futhi ulondoloza amandla angavula noma acindezele impumelelo yendawo. Ikusasa lalobubuhlobo lisekutholeni i-sibindi, ukubonakala, nokulingana okungalingani kwemithwalo yemithwalo yemithwalo yemfanelo, futhi okungalinganiyo, umuntu oqaphela amandla ahlukene kokubili ukuhola nendawo. Njengoba i-UK iqhubeka izama ukumelana nokulingana nenani lezindawo, izinselele nokuncintisana phakathi kwezindawo zombuso wesifunda, i-odollation, i-Whiber aqhubeke ebusa phakathi kwezwe ne-oralcell.