Okwenza Ukuhlola Ulwazi Kubaluleke Kakhulu Manje Kunanini Ngaphambili

Intando yeningi ixhomeke ezakhamuzini ezingenza izinqumo ezicatshangelwe kahle ngezimiso, abaholi, nezimpikiswano zomphakathi. Nokho isimo sokwaziswa sobuchwepheshe siye senza ukuba umsebenzi oyinhloko ube nzima kunanini ngaphambili. Ukungaqondisi kwemigomo kusakazeke ngokushesha kunokubika okusekelwe emaqinisweni, i-algorithism isondla ngokusekela izinkolelo zethu, futhi noma ubani angakhipha noma yini kuyi - Internet engakunikeza ukulandisa okungaqiniseki. Imiphumela ingokoqobo: iziphakamiso zokukhwaba ngokhetho zilulaza ukwethemba izinqubo zokuvota, ukukhomba okuholela abantu ekulahleni ukwelapha okuqinisekisiweyo, futhi ukusungula izindaba ezingokwenhlayo. [[FLTY:0] [[FLT:]] [FLT] [ict:1] [iglov] ikhono lokuhlola ulwazi oluyingozi alikho nezentengomuntu omphakathi odingayo, futhi ulwazi oluqinisekile, umphakathi olwembukwayo. Uma abantu behlulela ukukho okuncikelelwa kwesihloko sezindaba, noma iqoqo elino ezindaweni elino, noma i-octrishoshoshoshosho

Imisebenzi Yokuhlola Eyisisekelo Yesakhelo

Ngaphambi kokungena ngamathuluzi athile, kuyasiza ukuba usebenzise indlela ehlelwe kahle yokuhlola noma yikuphi ukwaziswa. Ama-sakhelo amabili asetshenziswa kakhulu anikeza inqubo esebenzayo kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ufunda indaba yezindaba, iposi lezokuxhumana, noma ukucwaninga kwezesayensi.

Ukuhlolwa Kwe - CRAAP

Njengoba yasungulwa abagcini bezincwadi eCalifornia State University Chico, ukuhlolwa kweCRAAP kubuza imibuzo emihlanu mayelana nomthombo:

  • Ukwehluleka: Ukwaziswa kwasakazwa nini noma kwashintshwa okokugcina? Ingabe kusabalulekile esihlokweni sakho?
  • [[Umthetho:0] I-relevise: Ingabe ukwaziswa kuphendula umbuzo wakho ngokuqondile noma kudinga? Ubani izilaleli ezihloselwe ukuxoxa?
  • Igunya: Ubani owayibhala noma wayinyathelisa? Iyini i-face yomlobi noma izinkolo zakhe? Ungathola indlela ethembekile yokuxhumana nayo?
  • Accurity: Ingabe ukwaziswa kusekelwe ngobufakazi? Ingaqinisekiswa kweminye imithombo ethembekile? Ingabe kukhona imikhonzo noma izikhombo?
  • [[FULT:0] Purpose[: Kungani lokhu kwaziswa kukhona? Kukhona ukunikeza ulwazi, ukukholisa, ukuthokozisa, noma ukudayisa okuthile? Ingabe kukhona ubandlululo olucacile noma uhlelo?

Ukuhlolwa kweCRAAP kunikeza indlela ehlelekile yokumisa amafulegi abomvu. Kuwusizo ngokukhethekile ekuhloleni amawebhusayithi, izigqebhezana zebhukwana, nezihloko ezivela emithonjeni engajwayelekile. Amayunivesithi amaningi anikeza uhlu lwe-CRAAP olunyathelisiwe olungase lusetshenziswe ngokushesha.

Indlela Yokusebenzisa ISIFU

Mike Caulfield, usosayensi wokucwaninga eYunivesithi yaseWashington, wasungula indlela ebanzi ebizwa ngokuthi i-SIFT, eklanyelwe indawo ezungezile esheshayo ekwi-inthanethi. I-acranym imelela izinyathelo ezine:

  • [ phezulu. Phambi kokuba uhlanganyele noma ukholelwe ulwazi, yima ubuze ukuthi uyawazi yini umthombo nedumela lalo.
  • I ihlanganisa umthombo. Bheka ummemezeli, umqambi, noma inhlangano. Ithini eminye imithombo ethembekile ngethemba labo? Bheka i-Wkipedias, Media Bias/Fact, noma ukuhlola okulula kwe-Google ngegama lemvelaphi kanye ne- “bias” noma“imfanelo.”
  • F ihlanganisa kangcono. Kunokuba uhlole ukusho kwasekuqaleni ngokuqondile, funa ukubika okuthenjwayo ngesihloko esifanayo. Izinhlangano ezinkulu zezindaba, izinhlangano zikahulumeni, noma izinhlangano zezemfundo ngokuvamile zinikeza i-akhawunti ethembeke kakhulu.
  • T izibalo, izingcaphuno, nemithombo yezindaba emongweni wokuqala. Izikhombi eziningi zamagciwane zikhipha imininingwane eyisihluthulelo. Thola ukutadisha kokuqala, ividiyo, noma cindezela ukukhululwa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi lokho okushiwoyo kusontekile.

I-SIFT iphumelela kakhulu ezindabeni, ukunikeza i-compation, i-method media ukudla, futhi ithumela imiyalezo. Ifundisa abafundi ukuba “bafunde kamuva” ngokuvula ama-teksi amasha ukuze bahlole imithombo, kunokuba bahlale ekhasini lokuqala.

Amathuluzi Awusizo Okuhlola Okubucayi

Ngaphandle kwemisebenzi, ithuluzi elisetshenziswayo lingasheshisa futhi lilolise izinto ozihlolayo.

Ama - webhsayithi Ahlola Iqiniso

Izinhlangano eziqashelwayo ezihlola amaqiniso zihlola ukusho kwamagciwane, izitatimende zezombangazwe, nezindaba zezindaba. Zinikeza izilinganiso ezenza kube lula ukubona ukuthi iphuzu liyiqiniso, amanga, noma lidukisa. Izinkonzo eziphambili zihlanganisa:

  • [[UMTH:0] Izikhonkwane[[Umthetho:1]
  • [[UMTL:0] FactCkeck.org[[UMTL:1]
  • [[UMTH:0] I-PolitiFACT[[UMTL:1]
  • Ukuhlolwa Kweqiniso Ne - Reuters

Abahloli abaningi beqiniso basebenzisa futhi “ukuhlola okulungile” ukusesha ezibuthweni njenge-Google. Kuphenywa ukuthi uthile ezingcaphunweni kuvame ukuletha isihloko se-cheke-inyani uma sihlolwe.

Imicebo Yemithombo Yezindaba

Ukuqonda ukuthambekela kwezombangazwe nezindinganiso zomhleli bezindawo zokukhipha imibiko kukusiza ukuba ulungise ubandlululo. Amabhukwana anjenge Media Bias/Fact Arch nezindlela zokukhipha izinga sobunxele-height nobubanzi be-allSidem. Nakuba kungekho silinganiso esiphelele, lamathuluzi anikeza isiqalo esiwusizo ekuhloleni ukuthembeka komthombo.

Izincwadi Ezikhonjiwe Nezikhombo

Ukuze usho ukuthi ufaka izibalo noma izibalo, hamba ngqo kukucwaninga ontanga. I-Google Schemogle.com, i-PubMud (kwizempilo nesayensi yokuphila), ne-JSTOR zingamaphuzu angcono kakhulu okuqala. Uma ungakwazi ukufinyelela iphepha eligcwele, funa ama-preadprinta noma amashwashayelo ezinhlanganweni ezinedumela elihle njenge-National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine.

Amayaluzi nohlelo

Izithasiselo ezinjenge-Maphephandaba Guideer (ezitholakalayo ze Chrome, Firefox, Buthulo, ne Safari) zikhombisa isilinganiso sokuthembana eduze kwamawebhusayithi ezindaba. Amanye amathuluzi anjenge-News Literacy Project’s Ancheology[]] umgangatho unikeza izifundo ezihambisanayo zokwakha amakhono okuhlola. Ukuguqula ukuhlola isithombe (Izithombe zeGogle noma i-Tineye) kungalandelela umongo wokuqala wesithombe noma ividiyo, kwembula ukuthi ishintshiwe noma ibhalwe kabi.

Izinyathelo Ezithuthukile Zokuqinisekisa Ngokujule

Uma umuntu enomuzwa wokuthi uyasola kodwa ukuphenya iqiniso ngokushesha akukuxazululi, sebenzisa lamasu athuthukile.

Ukufunda Kwamuva

Esikhundleni sokufunda isihloko osihlolayo, vula ama-tab amasha okufunda ngommemezeli, umlobi, nemithombo eyinhloko abayikhombayo. Ukufunda kwamuva kuyindlela esetshenziswa abahloli abangochwepheshe beqiniso. Ngokwesibonelo, uma iwebhusayithi ithi ibika “impumelelo yesayensi,” uvula ikhasi ukuze uhlole izimali zewebhusayithi, ibhodi lomhleli, nerekhodi lokulandela. Bheka ukuthi inhlangano iyindikimba esemthethweni yesayensi noma iyiqembu eliphambili.

Buyisela isithombe nophendlo lwevidiyo

Isithombe esisetshenziswa singaguqula incazelo yendaba. Sebenzisa i-Google Images, Tineye, noma Yandex ukufushanisa isithombe ukuze ufake isithombe noma i-URL yayo. Imiphumela yokufuna izobonisa ukuthi isithombe sivelephi ngaphambili, ngokuvamile sembula umongo waso wokuqala. Amavidiyo, amathuluzi anjenge-YouTube DataVieder (ku-Mennesty International) akhipha ukushicelelwa kokuhlehlela nokufaka izinsuku.

Ukuhlola Ama - webhsayithi Nabalobi

Sebenzisa i-metamssion ye-WHOIS (izindawo ezinjenge-whois.domaintools.com) ukuze ubone ukuthi indawo yakhona yabhaliswa nini futhi ingeyena kabani. Indawo entsha kakhulu yengosi ethi iyindawo yokukhipha izindaba emiswe isikhathi eside yifulege elibomvu. Kubabhali, hlola amagama ayo kanye nezimpawu ezithi zikhona. Bheka amaprofile emfundo, amawebhusayithi omqashi, noma izincwadi ezisezindaweni ezinedumela elihle. Uma uthola okuqukethwe yiyo kuphela noma ukulandisa okungaziwa, phatha ukwaziswa ngokuqapha.

Ukuqonda Izinqubo Ezivimbela Ukuhlola

Ukwazi ukuthi uyakwazi ukuzwelana nabantu kukusiza ukuba ubhekane nakho ngisho nangamathuluzi angcono kakhulu, kungasidukisa.

  • Ukuqinisekisa ubandlululo[: Ukuthambekela kokufuna nokukholelwa ukwaziswa okuqinisekisa izinkolelo ezikhona. Ukuhlanganisa ngokufunda ngamabomu imithombo ebekela imibono yakho inselele nangokuzibuza, “Yibuphi ubufakazi obungaguqula ingqondo yami?”
  • ubandlululo lokungaguquguquki: Uma ubheka amathuba ezenzakalo ezisekelwe ekucabangeni okulula okuvela engqondweni. Indaba eshaqisayo ngobugebengu obungavamile ingakwenza ucabange ukuthi buyinto evamile. Ukumelana nakho ngokufuna ukwaziswa okungokwezibalo kunokuba ufune izibalo.
  • Imiphumela ye-Dunning\Kruger: ukulinganisa ulwazi lwakho ngesihloko. Ukuhlola ukwaziswa kudinga ukuthobeka. Uma ufunda okwengeziwe ngesihloko, ungabona ukuthi ungazi kangakanani.
  • ubandlululo oluvusayo: ukuthembela kakhulu engxenyeni yokuqala yokwaziswa okutholakele (ihange). Lapho uhlola iphuzu, qala ngokucwaninga okuzimele kunokulandisa okukhumbulekayo.

Ikhambi alikona ukuqeda ubandlululo kodwa liwukwakha imikhuba eyenza buthaka ithonya lalo — njengokucabanga ngaphambi kokuba uxoxe, ukufuna imibono eminingi nokusebenzisa uhlu lokuhlola.

Indima Yemithombo Yezindaba Nemithetho Yomphakathi

I-Platform enjenge-Facebook, Twitter, TikTok, ne-YouTube iklanyelwe ukuveza ukuthembisana, hhayi ukunemba. Imithetho yazo yangaphambili ebangela imizwelo enamandla, ngoba lokho kugcina abasebenzisi bebhala phansi. Ama-minustry avame ukusebenzisa lokhu ngokusebenzisa izihloko ezishubile, ulimi oluhlukanisayo, kanye nokuphuthuma okungamanga.

Amagumbi okuthambisa akha uma i-algorithm ikondla okufana nalokho oke wakwenza ngaphambili. Ukugqashuka:

  • Landela ukulandisa ngemibono ehlukahlukene yezombangazwe nengokwesiko esanamathela ezindinganisweni ezinhle.
  • Sebenzisa i “mute” noma“ isithiyo” ukuze unciphise ukuchayeka kwakho kubadlali ababi abaziwayo.
  • Funa imithombo eyinhloko: amawebhusayithi kahulumeni angokomthetho, omagazini abahlolwa ontanga, nezinkulumo eziqondile ezivela ezinhlanganweni noma ochwepheshe.
  • Abaningi manje babiza imithombo yezindaba noma izinkulumo eziphikisayo, nakuba bengatholi yonke into ngaso sonke isikhathi.

Ama-Platform anikeza amathuluzi engobo yomlando nezisefo eziphambili zokusesha. Ngokwesibonelo, ukusesha kuka-Twitter kukuvumela ukuba uhlunge usuku, umzwelo, nohlobo lwe-akhawunti, okungakusiza ukuba uthole ukuvela kwakudala kokusho noma ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-akhawunti engokomthetho ifaka okuthile.

Ukufundisa Ukufunda Ukufunda Ukwaziswa Ngenkathi Yokufundwa Kwamanani

Othisha banendima ebalulekile. Abafundi akumelwe bafunde ukusebenzisa i-intanethi nje kuphela, kodwa futhi bafunde indlela yokwahlulela abakutholayo. Ukucwaninga kweStanford History Education Group kuye kwabonisa ukuthi abafundi abaningi bakuthola kunzima ukuhlukanisa izikhangiso nezindaba, okuxhaswe ekubikeni ngokuzimele, kanye nemithombo eqinisekisiwe ekhombisweni.

Izindlela zokufundisa eziphumelelayo zihlanganisa:

  • Ukuhlolwa okuhlotshisiwe kwezifundo zezifundo[: Esikhundleni sesifundo esiqinile, zilolonge imithombo lapho abafundi becwaninga nganoma isiphi isihloko, umlando, izakhamuzi.
  • Sebenzisa izibonelo zezwe zangempela[: Faka i-project yamanje yegciwane noma indaba yezindaba eye yaphikiswa. Yenza abafundi basebenzise i-CRAAP noma i-SIFT ukuphenya ngayo ekilasini.
  • hlola imithombo yezokuxhumana yezenhlalo: Yenza usulu oluxubene nezindaba zeqiniso, isifinya, okuxhaswe, nokwaziswa okungamanga. Cela abafundi ukuba babone ukuthi iziphi izinto ezidinga ukuphehlwa kweqiniso bese uhlola.
  • Iqoqo elihlotshiswe nabaqondisi bezincwadi: Isikole kanye nezomphakathi ziyizazi ekuhlolweni kokwaziswa. Bangahola amashabhu noma izabelo zezandla.
  • Ukunikeza imfundo ehlala njalo: Hlanganisani imithombo enjenge-News Literation’s checkology platip, enikeza izifundo zamahhala, ezifundisa amamaki angu-6-12 nangaphezulu.

Lapho othisha bechaza inqubo yabo yokuhlola lokho okushiwo yikho, ngokwesibonelo, babonise abafundi indlela ababheka ngayo imali etholakala emthonjeni, futhi ukunikeza ukwaziswa okungasetshenziswa ngayo kwenza ikhono libe lula futhi lishintshe.

Ukunqoba Izinselele Ezivamile

Ngisho nabantu abanezisusa eziqinile babhekana nezithiyo, nakhu amasu obunzima obuvame ukuvela.

Ukwaziswa Okuningi

Umthamo omkhulu wento equkethwe ungakhubaza. Sebenzisa abahlanganisi bezindaba abaqediwe njenge-Google News RSS yondla, ama-stance anikezelwe ku-maya yezinga eliphezulu, noma amapheshana avela emithonjeni ethembekile. Beka eceleni izitini ezithile zesikhathi sokusetshenziswa kwezindaba kunokuhlelwa njalo. Ukujula kokudluliswa kwezindaba: izindaba ezimbalwa ezinezisekelo ezinhle ziyigugu kakhulu kunezihloko eziyikhulu.

Ukuqinisekisa I - Bias

Yenza umkhuba wokufunda isihloko esisodwa ngesonto emthonjeni ongavumelani nawo, uma lowomthombo uvumelana nezincwadi ezithembekile. Qaphela lapho uvumelana khona nokuthi ucabanga ukuthi ubufakazi buyawohloka. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lo mkhuba wakha ukuthobeka kwengqondo futhi ulola nenkulumo yakho.

Ulwazi Olushintsha Ngokushesha

Phakathi nokusakazwa kwezenzakalo zezindaba, ukwaziswa kushintsha ngehora. Indlela engcono kakhulu ukulinda imithombo enegunya ukuba ilinganisele ku-(/izinkulumo ezingokomthetho ezivela kwizinhlangano zikahulumeni, imishini yokunyathelisa, noma izinkampani ezinkulu zezindaba ezinamaqembu ahlola amaqiniso anikezelwe. Zibophelele ukuxwayisa ngemishini ehlola amaqiniso noma izikhangiso zemali ukuze zifinyelelwe lapho ziqinisekiswa.

Ukusikisela Okungokomzwelo

Uma uzwa into ekwenza uthukuthele, wesabe, noma uthukuthele ngokokuziphatha, ngokuvamile kuklanyelwe ukudlulisa ukucabanga kwakho kokugxeka. Uma uzwa sengathi uthatha isinyathelo esinamandla, thatha lokho njengesehlo sokuma futhi usebenzise isiFT. Zibuze: “Ingabe lokhu kuklanyelwe ukungenza ngisabele ngaphandle kokucabanga? Isiphi isizathu esingase sicatshangelwe umuntu ongathathi hlangothi ngemva kokuhlola umthombo?”

Isiphetho

Ukwaziswa okukhiphayo akulona ikhono lesikhathi esisodwa kodwa umsebenzi oqhubekayo. Amathuluzi namapulani achazwe lapha `CRAAP, SIFT, i-checking websites, ukufunda okulandelayo, ukuqaphela ukucwasana, ukunikeza amathuluzi anokwethenjelwa okuqondisa indawo yolwazi eyinkimbinkimbi yanamuhla. Awekho indlela ephelele, kodwa uma esetshenziswa ndawonye akha isivikelo esinamandla ekutholeni ulwazi olunganembile.

Ukuze izakhamuzi ziphumelele, zidinga okungaphezu kokuthola ukwaziswa; zidinga ikhono lokwahlulela izinga lako. Othisha, abaqondisi bezincwadi, izintatheli, namapulatifomu bonke banendima yokudlala, kodwa ekugcineni umthwalo wemfanelo ungena kithi ngabanye njengabathengisi bezindaba. Ngokusebenzisa lezizindlela nangokuzifundisa abanye, asiqiniseli ukuqonda kwethu kuphela kodwa nako konke ukuhlukahluka kwempikiswano yomphakathi.

Qala kancinci. Ngokuzayo lapho ubona isisho esimangalisayo noma esingokomzwelo, yima ngaphambi kokuba uhlanganyele. Vula i-tab entsha, hlola umsuka, futhi ufune ikhophi engcono. Lowomkhuba owodwa, ophindaphindwa njalo, ungakuguqula usuka kumthengi ongenzi lutho ube umhlanganyeli okhuthele, ogxekayo ekuphileni kwedemokrasi.