Ukhetho oluyinhloko luyindawo yokukhomba idemokrasi, kodwa luhlala lunye lwezingxenye ezingaqondwa kahle zenqubo yokukhetha. Nakuba ukhetho oluvamile luthatha ukunaka kwesizwe njalo ngemva kweminyaka emibili noma emine, luyikhomba-mkhakha lapho insimu yabazobhapathizwa ilinganiselwe, amapulatifomu akhiwe, futhi isiqondiso sesimiso somphakathi ngokuvamile sinqunywa esikhathini eside ngaphambi kukaNovember. Kuvota, ukuqonda okhetho oluyinhloko akusona nje isivivinyo somphakathi kuphela, kuyisisetshenziswa esiwusizo ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi abazothatha isigaba sokugcina ibhola libonisa ngempela intando yabantu.

Lo mqondisi unikeza umbono ophelele ngokhetho oluyinhloko e - United States, oluhlanganisa umlando wabo, abavoti abahlukahlukene bangase bahlangane nabo, indlela abathonya ngayo okhethweni oluvamile, namaqiniso ayinhloko okufanele wonke umvoti azi ukuthi angahlanganyela ngokuphumelelayo.

Yini Ekhethwa Kuqala?

Ekukhetheni okuyisisekelo kakhulu, ukukhetha okuyinhloko okuwenziwa yiqembu lezombangazwe ukukhetha umsekeli walo wokhetho oluzayo. Amacala ezenzo zobugebengu ayenzeka ezindaweni ezingohulumeni, ezisezweni nasezindaweni, futhi ahlukile okhethweni oluvamile ngoba eqondiswa uhulumeni wezwe nohulumeni bendawo ngokwawo.

Isimiso esiyinhloko sanamuhla savela ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20 leminyaka njengengxenye yenhlangano yenguquko eqhubekekayo, eyayifuna ukunciphisa amandla abalawuli beqembu futhi inikeze abavoti abavamile amazwi aqondile ngokukhetha abameleli. Ngaphambi kokuba ama-primporary asakazeke, abavoti babekhethwa ngokwesiko ngemihlangano yesifunda eyakhiwe abaholi beqembu. umongameli wokuqala obophayo [ wagcinwa e-Oregon ngo-1910, futhi ngo-1970, imibuso eminingi yayamukela ukhetho oluyinhloko lwezinye izikhundla. Namuhla, cishe wonke amazwe asebenzisa uhlobo oluthile lwezikhundla eziyinhloko zabaholi zokukhetha izishaya izishayamthetho, izikhulu zesifundazwe, izikhulu zezindawo eziningi zendawo.

Izindawo zingaba yizigebengu ezinqumayo ukuthi izikhulu zabelwe kanjani izihambeli ezifuna ukumiswa kweqembu. noma ibizwa njalo ngokuthi amazwe namapropati ezindawo. [FLT] Indlu, i-Primetricaries, umbusi, umphathi wezwe, umphathi we-gallery, i-gallery, nezinye izikhundla zendawo. Ukubusa kwendlela ngayinye yesigaba esiyinhloko kungahluka ngokuphawulekayo, okungakho okubalulekile ukuba i-R33 ukuze yaziwe izimiso ezithile.

Izinhlobo Zokhetho Oluyinhloko

Akukho “icala” elilodwa kukhetho lwaseMelika. Amazwe athathe amafomethi ahlukahlukene, ngalinye elinemiphumela yalo yokuhlanganyela kovoti kanye necebo lokukhetha. Ukuqonda umehluko kusiza abavoti ukuba bazi ukuthi yikuphi ukuvota abazokwamukela nokuthi badinga ukubhaliswa neqembu elithile yini.

Iphoyisa

i-coved stat eyinhloko, kuphela abavoti abangamalungu abhalisiweyo eqembu lezombangazwe abangavota kuleloqembu eliyinhloko. Ngokwesibonelo, uDemocrat obhaliwe angase avote kuphela kuyiDemocratic precial; u-Republican angavota kuphela eRiphablikinian eyinhloko. Lesimiso sivimbela abavoti ekunqamuleni imigqa yeqembu ukuze bathobe iqembu eliphikisayo, /a icebo elaziwayo ngokuthi “liya.” Izwe elinjengo iNew York], Florida, futhi [[FLT] isebenzisa amahrevolathi aviweyo amahhovisi athile. Vote abangabhaliswanga neqembu (elimiwe) ngaphandle kokuba bavikelwe umthetho omthetho omthetho owe.

Vula iphasiwedi

ivula isici esiyinhloko[, noma imuphi umvoti obhaliwe angavota kunoma yimuphi umjoki oyinhloko, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yiliphi iqembu labo elibhalisayo. Uvoti ukhetha ukuthi yimuphi umbhede oyinhloko ozocela ngosuku lokhetho. Lesi simiso sisetshenziswa ezifundeni njenge Wissin, Michigan, ne Vermont. I-Prompractum iyatuswa ngokukhuthaza ukuthatha iqhaza okukhulu, kodwa abagxeki bavumela uvoti womunye ukuba avoti ukuba avote umvoti obuthakathaka kakhulu ongowodwa, ngaleyondlela bethonya umphumela wokhetho oluvamile.

Isiqalo Esilahliwe

A i-blanket eyinhloko[ (eyaziwa futhi ngokuthi “i-jungle") iyisimiso lapho bonke abazobhapathizwa kuwo wonke amaqembu bevela khona e-collat eyodwa, futhi abavoti bangakhetha abazothatha kunoma iliphi i-tomu. [I-vota-ethi ephezulu /aints" engenayo i-partimes"" enkonzweni evamile. Lendlela isetshenziswa khona ku- i-Shahington, California, kanye noLouisia[[FLT] ([3]] (ISishiyana isebenzisa ingubo ekhethekile ye-lishalogo-"") evelele yamahhovisi amaningi). INkantolo enkulu yahlasela ingubo ebanzi njenge-octivestioctive [2] ku-Foctinstrut:[4][5] Izimiso ze-Docticption:[5] kodwa kamuva i-3] i-3] i-35] kodwa yahluliwe kakhulu ku

Phezulu- Kabiri Primary

Ngaphansi kwe- phezulu-kabili-kakhulu, bonke abazobhapathizwa bavela ebhodini elifanayo, futhi abazovota ababili abathola amavoti amaningi kakhulu − − ngaphandle kweqembu .Ukukhetha okuvamile. California noWashington basebenzisa lesi simiso kuhulumeni namahhovisi kahulumeni. Iklanyelwe ukuveza abafuni abalinganiselayo ngenxa yokuthi abasemaqenjini abo bangabhekana nezinselele ezivamile zokukhetha ezisuka eqenjini labo. Nokho, kungaholela futhi ekukhetheni okufana phakathi kwama-croomssss, ikakhulukazi emaphethelweni amabili eqembu elihlukene.

Isiqalo

Uma kungekho mgomo owina iningi (ngaphezu kuka-50% wevoti) kukhetho oluyinhloko, ezinye izifunda zibamba i- i-runhoff enkulu phakathi kwamavoti amabili aphezulu. Lokhu kuvame [ u-South States , kuhlanganise [[FLT:] Georgia, Mississippia, ne-Texas. URunoff uqinisekisa ukuthi u-anomee usekela ububanzi phakathi kweqembu, kodwa futhi banweba inkathi yokuvota futhi bavame ukuhlelwa futhi bahlulwa phansi.

Isisekelo Esingesona Esivamile

Olunye ukhetho lwendawo kanye namahhovisi ambalwa kahulumeni asebenzisa [[FLT: 0] iziprinsisan , lapho abazobhapathizwa bengekho khona ngelebula leqembu ebhayisethi. Bonke abazobhapathizwa bahamba ngesigamu esisodwa, kanye nabaphathi abaphezulu (ngokuvamile ababili) beqhubekela phambili kukhetho oluvamile. Lesimiso sivamile kukhetho lomthetho, izinhlanga zeqembu lesikole, namahhovisi kamasipala ezifunda ezifundeni eziningi.

Izikhulu Zomongameli ziphikisana noHulumeni Nezindawo Zokuhlala

AmaPresidenti asebenza ngaphansi kwemithetho ehlukene kunemithetho elandelwa uhulumeni nezindawo ngoba zidla emhlanganweni wesizwe wenhlangano. Kuma-presidential primmiry, abavoti abakhethi ngokuqondile abanyuli ababhalelwe ukubhalisa i-propatinti kodwa kunalokho bakhetha izihambeli ezithenjiswe umbhalisa othile. Inani lezihambeli ezinikezwa umjoyina ngamunye linqunywa imithetho yesifunda ngasinye, nakuba isigaba ngasinye sisebenzisa ukusondela kwezwe, abanye basebenzisa isilinganiso esilinganiselwe. Futhi banethuba lokubamba [[FLT: 0] u-uclus esikhundleni se-oct, nakuba imithetho yesifunda ngasinye sezwe sezwe sisaziwayo kakhulu eminyakeni yamuva. Eqenjini ngalinye, amalungu aqoqa amaqembu abantu abathatha izingxoxo kanye namavoti ngokuvamile, amavoti amaningi.

Izifundazwe nezikhulu zendawo, ngokuphambene, zinquma ngokuqondile ukuthi umkhandlu unezikhundla ezithile. Umnqobi oyinhloko waba umqondisi weqembu ovamile kukhetho oluvamile. Lezi zikhulu zibuswa umthetho kahulumeni futhi ziqondiswa izikhulu zendawo zokukhetha. Zilandela uhlobo olufanayo (oluvaliwe, oluvulekile, oluphezulu-2) olusetshenziselwa iziqu zalowo mongameli, nakuba ezinye izifunda zilondoloza imithetho ehlukene yezikhulu zikamongameli.

Okwenza Ukukhetha Okuyinhloko Kube Nendaba

Okhetho oluyinhloko lunethonya elikhulu esimweni sokugcina sokhetho oluvamile. Ezifundeni eziningi, umncintiswano owumnqamula - juqu uyinto ephumelela kakhulu ngoba umjahisi weqembu umane uqinisekisiwe ukuba anqobe ukhetho oluvamile. ezifundeni zesigaba esisodwa [, ukukhetha okuyinhloko kulapho ukukhetha kwangempela kwenzeka khona, futhi abavoti abagxume abahamba phambili bangathola ukuthi bathini kubameleli babo.

Izindawo futhi zithinta ukulinganisela kwezesayensi yezezombangazwe [[FLT: 0] ukulingana kwesigaba seze-athom. Ngoba abavoti abayinhloko bathambekele ekuqineni ngokwengqondo kakhulu kune-ojenene . ngokuvamile babophezelwe kakhulu, bakhokhelwa, futhi ngokunokwenzeka kakhulu ukuvuza abazothatha amanyathelo aqinile, /amaqembu angasunduza abazothakathi be-asekunxele noma kwesokudla ukuze bawine i-odoma. Le nkinga, ebizwa ngokuthi ukwenziwa kwezwelo oluvamile [," iye yafundwa kabanzi ososayensi bezombangazwe. Kanye kukhetho oluvamile, labo bantu abathatha izikhundla ezingeni ezifanayo zokunxusa ukuba badlulisele izilaleli, ukwenza igebe elibanzi igebe eliphakathi.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, okhetho oluyinhloko lusebenza njengesivumelwano sokufakelwa kwabanikeli kanye nemithombo yezindaba ngokuphumelela kombhalisa. Umsebenzi onamandla ungabangela amandla anika imali, ukunaka kwemithombo yezindaba, nokugunyaza, kanti ukuboniswa okubuthakathaka kungawuqeda umkhankaso ngokushesha. Abagcini behhovisi, inselele enkulu ingabaphoqelela ukuba basebenzise imali nenhloko yezombangazwe, banciphise ukuvota kwabo, baqede umkhankaso.

Amaqiniso Ayinhloko Wonke Amazwi Okumelwe Aziwe

Hlola Isimo Sakho Sokubhalisa Imali

Isinyathelo sokuqala sokuhlanganyela entweni eyinhloko ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ubhaliswe ukuba uvote futhi ukubhalisa kwakho kubonisa ukuhlangana neqembu lakho elilungile [1] Uma isimo sidinga i-internet ukubhalisa, kodwa izifundazwe eziningi zithuthele ekubhaliseni nge-intanethi kodwa izinsuku ezimisiwe ziyahluka. Ezinye zivumela ukubhaliswa ngosuku oluyinhloko, kuyilapho ezinye zivala amasonto okubhalisa kusengaphambili. Ingqungquthela yesizwe yezwe yombuso i-Legislatures (NCSL) ilondoloza ikhalenda yezinsuku zokuvota kanye nezinsuku zokubhalisa eziyinhloko zophawulo .

Yazi Uhlobo Oluyinhloko Lwezwe Lakho

Njengoba kuxoxwe ngenhla, uhlobo lwento eyinhloko esifundazweni sakho lunquma ukuthi isiphi isiteshi ongasithola. Uma uhlala esimweni esiwujuqu, kumelwe ubhaliswe neqembu ukuze uvote. Uma ungumvoti ozimele noma ongahlangani ne-FOF:0. [FLT:] FEDAL Commission (FC) unikeza isiqondiso sokuhlanganyela kwesokuqala nesokuthatha isinyathelo [FOCC].

Qonda Ukuphathiswa Indawo Yokuhlala (Izigebengu Eziyivelakancane)

Uma uvota kumongameli oyinhloko, ivoti yakho izosiza ekunqumeni ukuthi izihambeli zabelwa kanjani abameleli. Izifunda zimisa imithetho yazo siqu yokukhetha abathunywa, engahlanganisa izingebhe zokwamukela izihambeli (umz., ozovota kumelwe awine okungenani amaphesenti angu-15 e-voti ukuze athole noma iziphi izihambeli). Lemithetho ngokuvamile iyinkimbinkimbi, kodwa ukwazi ukuthi ikusiza ukuba uqonde ithonya levoti yakho. I-Project yoMphathi-Mphathi-mthetho we-Melika inikeza imininingwane engokwemininingwane yemithetho yezithunywa zebandla .

Yazi Izindlela Zokukhipha Imali Kusenesikhathi

Izifunda eziningi zinikeza uvota kwasekuqaleni noma amabhola angekho eposi asheshayo ukuze uthathe ama-primpole. Cela ibhola lakho elingekhoyo ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka, njengoba izikhathi zokulungisa zingathatha amasonto. Ezinye izigodlo zidinga isizathu sokuvota (njengokuba ungekho esifundeni ngosuku lokhetho), kuyilapho ezinye zinikeza izinhlelo zezwe lakho zokuvota [[FLT: 0] ingosi yokuvota noma i-U.Ecostation Commission's project.

Cwaninga Izimpikiswano Nezimpikiswano

Okhetho oluyinhloko luvame ukuhlanganisa abantu abaningi abavotayo abakanye neqembu kodwa banezikhundla ezingafani zenkambiso. Imithombo yezezindaba, abaqondisi abangekho ngxenye yeqembu, namawebhusayithi abafuna ukuvota, kungcono kakhulu. Ngenxa yokuthi ukuvota okuyinhloko kuphansi kakhulu kunokuvota okuvamile, cishe 1525% kwabavoti abafanelekayo . Amavoti ambalwa anganquma i-oda eyinhloko, ikakhulukazi ezinhlanga zendawo. Unganciki ekuqasheleni amagama kuphela; ungambeli kumarekhodi, izimemezelo, nakuvuma okudlule.

Izinganekwane Ezivamile Ngemibono Eyisisekelo

[[FLT: 0] Myth: “Ivoti yami ayibalulekile ngoba ukukhetha okuvamile yikho okubalulekile.”
Ezifundeni eziningi, isici esiyinhloko [ yi- ukhetho. Uma ukhetho oluvamile lungancintisani, okuyinhloko kungaba yithuba lokulawula kuphela. Ngisho nasezizweni ezincintisanayo, imiphumela eyinhloko iveza izikhundla zenqubo zokhetho.

[[FLT: 0] Myth: “Ngingavota kuzo zombili iziqu uma ngizimele.”
Ezizweni ezivulekile, ungakhetha ukuthi yisiphi esiyinhloko sokuvota, kodwa awukwazi ukuvota kuzo zombili. Ezizweni ezivalekile, abavoti abangakholeki abanakuvota konke ngaphandle kokuba babhalisa neqembu. [FLT] [FLT]]
[[FLT]] Ukuvumela ukuba uvote noma isiphi isigqemane, kodwa uthola ivoti eyodwa kuphela.

th: “Izigebengu zingezizodwa amalungu eqembu.
[ilapho iziqalo ezivaliwe zivimbela ukungenela emalungwini eqembu, izifundazwe eziningi zinezimiso ezivulekile noma ezivulekile kancane ezivumela abavoti abangabhaliswanga ukuba bahlanganyele. Ngisho nasezimisweni ezivaliwe, ungashintsha ukubhalisa kwakho ngaphambi kosuku olumisiwe [1] Waze uhlole imithetho kazwelonke ukuthi kufanele uthathe isikhathi esingakanani.

[[FLT: 0] Myth: “Umnqobi oyinhloko uthola ukusekela kweqembu.”
Ngemva kwento eshisayo, abasekeli bombhanqwani abalahlekelwayo bangase bangasheshi ngokushesha ngemva kowini. Imizamo yeqembu yobunye ivamile, kodwa ayizenzakaleli. Yingakho izimpi ezinkulu ngezinye izikhathi zingawalulaza amathuba eqembu ekukhetheni.

Indlela Yokusebenzisa Injongo Yakho Eyinhloko Ngokunenzuzo

Ukuhlanganyela okhethweni oluyinhloko kungenye yezenzo ezinamandla kakhulu umvoti angazithatha, ngoba abavoti abayinhloko bathambekele ekubeni yiqembu elikhethayo. Uma uveza izwi lakho, liyanda. Nazi izinyathelo ezisebenzayo zokuqinisekisa ukuthi ukulungele:

  • [[FLT: 0] Phawula ikhalenda lakho. Izinsuku ze-Promp ezihlukene ngokwesifundazwe nangehhovisi; ezinye izifunda-zwe zineziteshi ezihlukene zamahhovisi kamongameli nongawangenisi. ikhalenda eliyinhloko le-NCS[ inqolobane ethembekile.
  • Isibonisi sokuhlola amabhola. Amawebhusayithi amaningi okhetho lombuso amabhukwana eposi alandela amavoloti asemasontweni angaphambili. Zifunde ukuze ugweme ukudideka edokodweni lokuvota, ikakhulukazi uma uvota phezulu-kabili kanye nenqwaba yabazofuna ukuvota.
  • Izinhlanga eziyinhloko zivame ukuhlanganiswa nezinhlangano zomphakathi, iNhlangano yaManyano, nemithombo yezindaba yendawo. Lezizenzakalo zinikeza ukuqonda okuqondile ngezikhundla zabazohlolwa.
  • [ Khuluma ukuze kukhishwe izisebenzi zokuzithandela. Lapho abazobhapathizwa bengqongqoza emnyango wakho noma beshaya ucingo, babuze imibuzo ethile ngezindaba ezithinta wena. Izimpendulo zabo (noma ukubhapathiza) zingaveza okungaphezu kwempukane.
  • [[NTL:0] Ukuvota kwasekuqaleni uma kungenzeka. Ukuvota kwakuqala kunciphisa ingozi yentambo ende noma izinkinga ezingalindelekile ngosuku lokhetho. Kukunika nesikhathi sokulungisa noma iziphi izinkinga ngokubhalisa kwakho.

Ikusasa Lokukhethwa Okuyinhloko

Izimiso zokuvota eziyinhloko ziyaqhubeka ziguqula. Izifunda-zifunda zisanda kuphikisana ngokusuka ekuvulweni kwezindawo ezivulekileyo ukuya ekuvulweni kwezindawo eziphezulu-mbili noma ukwamukela izimiso zokuvota eziphezulu noma ezinezingamele. Rankered-choicevvvvvvvvv (RRLV) ithola ukuthathwa njengenye indlela yokusetshenziswa kwendabuko; ezimisweni ze-RCV, abavotisi besigaba phakathi kokhetho olulodwa, futhi umnqobi kumelwe abe ne-RCV kumelwe abe nokusekelwa okukhulu. I-Maine ne-Alaskav isebenzisa ezinye izigaba ezicabangela lokho. Izikhulu ziphikisa ukuthi i-RCV ikhuthaza imikhankampane futhi inciphisa isidingo sokusebenza okubiza imali, kuyilapho abagxeki bephikisana nokwenqanda bonke abaholi.

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ihlelwe kanjani, injongo eyinhloko yokhetho oluyinhloko ayiguquguquki: iyinqubo lapho amaphathi ((*, futhi ngokwengxenye, i-votorate() ikhetha abaholi abazoncintisana nesikhundla somphakathi. Ngokuqonda indlela umsebenzi wezigebengu, abavoti abangawasebenzisa ngayo ngokugcwele amalungelo abo futhi basize ekulolongeni isimo sezombangazwe ngazo zonke izinga.