Iyini Inkululeko Yangaphakathi?

Inkululeko yomphakathi ixhomeke kumalungelo ayisisekelo nenkululeko evikela abantu kuhulumeni ophathwe kabi. Ayiwona amalungelo anikezwa umbuso; kunalokho, ayizivikeli ezingokwemvelo ezilinganisela lokho uhulumeni angakwenza ezakhamuzini zakhe. Lenkululeko ifakwa kakhulu kumthetho-sisekelo wesizwe noma kumalungelo, futhi iveza imingcele yezinhlangano zentando yeningi. Ngaphandle kwenkululeko eqinile yomphakathi, izakhamuzi zisengozini yokuphila ngaphansi kokubusa okungenamthetho, lapho inkulumo yazo, izinkolelo, nokuphila kwazo siqu kungalawulwa khona yilabo abanegunya.

Nakuba inkululeko yomphakathi ihluka ngokwezwe, imibuso eminingi yentando yeningi iqaphela isisekelo sesivikelo. Lezi zihlanganisa inkululeko yokukhuluma, ilungelo lokukhuluma ngasese, inkululeko yenkolo, ilungelo lenqubo efanele, nelungelo lokuhlangana ngokuthula. Kubalulekile ukuhlukanisa inkululeko yomphakathi namalungelo omphakathi. Inkululeko yomphakathi iphathelene nokukhululeka ekungeneni kukahulumeni ayizikwazi ukukwenza [[[FLT:] uhulumeni] angakwazi ukukukhulula [[FLT:] [umthetho], amalungelo omphakathi, ngakolunye uhlangothi, acishe aphathwa ngendlela efanayo ngaphansi komthetho [iinkululeko] [isibonelo] ukuqinisekisa ukulingana. Isibonelo, ukukhondla kwenkululeko yokukhuluma kwesizwe, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi imvume yohlanga luvoti, kokubili iwuhlanga lomphakathi. Kodwa lesi sihloko sibalulekile kulokhu sikhuluma ngaphambili.

Izimbangela Ezingokomlando Zokukhululeka Kombango

Umqondo wenkululeko yomphakathi unezimpande ezijulile ezingokomlando, owenziwe emuva ezincwadini ezinjengeMagna Carta (1215), ezalinganisela amandla ombuso waseNgilandi futhi zamisa isimiso sokuthi wonke umuntu, kuhlanganise nenkosi, wayengaphansi komthetho. Kamuva, iNgishi Bill of Rights (1689) yaphinde yabeka imingcele eqinile yegunya lasebukhosini futhi yasekela ukuphakama kwephalamende, kanye namalungelo athile anjengelungelo lomuntu siqu lokunxusa nesivikelo esijezisweni sonya.

Lemibono yathonya kakhulu abasunguli be-United States. UMthetho-sisekelo wase-U.S., wagunyazwa ngo-1788, wakha uhlelo lukahulumeni olinganiselwe onamagunya ahlukene. Nokho, kwakuyiSigqi samaLungelo ($16) ayishumi okuqala aguqulwayo (ukuthi abala ngokucacile inkululeko yomphakathi wamaMelika ayaziswe kakhulu. Umzabalazo wenkululeko yomphakathi waqhubeka emlandweni, kusukela ekuqedweni kwenhlangano yabesifazane, inkathi yamalungelo omphakathi, kanye nezimpi eziqhubekayo zenkululeko yeze-LGBTQ. Ukuqonda lomlando kusiza izakhamuzi ukuba ziqonde ukuthi inkululeko ayizenzeki; kumelwe zivikelwe futhi zichazwe kabusha nesizukulwane ngasinye.

Ukubaluleka Kokukhululeka Kombango Ebuthweni Lentando Yeningi

Inkululeko yomphakathi ayiyona nje imiqondo engekho ngokomthetho; iwumoya womphakathi okhululekile. Isiza abantu ukuba baveze imibono ephikisanayo, basebenzise ukholo lwabo ngaphandle kokuphoqelelwa, futhi bahlelele ukubekela izinhlelo zikahulumeni inselele. Ngaphandle kwalezi sivikelo, ukubusa ngentando yeningi kuba yimpoqo. Nazi izizathu eziningana ezenza inkululeko yomphakathi ibaluleke kakhulu:

  • Ukuvikelwa ekuxhashazweni kukahulumeni: Inkululeko yomphakathi ibeka imingcele ecacile emandleni kahulumeni, ivimbela izikhulu ekuvimbeleni izakhamuzi ngokuzenzakalelayo, ekuhloleni inkulumo, noma ekuhloleni okungenasizathu. Ukubusa komthetho kudinga ukuba uhulumeni alandele imithetho yakhe siqu, futhi inkululeko yomphakathi ibaluleke kakhulu kuleyomithetho.
  • Incazelo yesithunzi somuntu ngamunye: ukuhlonipha inkululeko yomphakathi kuqinisekisa ukuthi umuntu ngamunye unefa elibalulekile nelungelo lokuzikhethela. Umbuso awunakubaphatha abantu njengamathuluzi nje obunjiniyela bezenhlalakahle noma ukulondeka kwesizwe. Isithunzi sidinga ukuba abantu bakhululeke ukucabanga, bakholelwe, futhi baphile ngokuvumelana nonembeza wabo siqu.
  • Ukugunyaza intuthuko yomphakathi: Intuthuko ebaluleke kakhulu emlandweni ("kusukela ekuqedweni kobugqila ebulinganani bemisha") yaqhutshwa abantu abasebenzisa inkululeko yabo yomphakathi ukuba baphikise, bashicilele, futhi banxuse ushintsho. Ukuvala lenkululeko kungavala isimo futhi kuvimbele intuthuko.
  • Ukuhlanganiswa kwenkulumo yeningi: Idemokrasi esebenzayo incike ezakhamuzini ezinolwazi ezingaxoxa ngemibono obala. Inkululeko yomphakathi iqinisekisa ukuthi imibono eminingi, kuhlanganise nengathandwa, izwakala. Lemiqondo isiza umphakathi ukuba uthole iqiniso futhi wenze izinqumo ezingcono.
  • Ukuqinisa ukubusa ngentando yeningi: Lapho izakhamuzi zingavota, zikhulume, zihlangane, futhi zingene ngokukhululekile, zingabeka abaholi bazo ecaleni. Inkululeko yomphakathi idala izimo zobukhosi obuthandwayo obuqotho, lapho uhulumeni ekhonza abantu ngempela kunaleyo ekhona.

Ukukhululwa Okuyinhloko Kwezakhamuzi E - United States

I-United States inikeza isibonelo esiwusizo sokuqonda inkululeko yomphakathi ngoba isivikelo sayo sichazwe ngokucacile kuyiBill of Rights futhi iye yachazwa emakhulwini amaningi eminyaka emacaleni asenkantolo. Nakuba amanye amazwe enemithetho-mthetho ehlukene kanye nomthetho-mthetho wezimiso zamalungelo abantu, eziningi zezimiso ezifanayo zisebenza emhlabeni wonke. Ngezansi inkululeko enkulu yomphakathi evikelwe ngaphansi koMthetho-sisekelo wase-U.S., kanye nezici zanamuhla nezenzakalo eziphawulekayo ezingokomthetho.

ISichibiyelo Sokuqala: I - Cornerstone Yenkululeko YaseMelika

ISichibiyelo sokuqala senqabela ukwenza imithetho "ihloniphe ukumiswa kwenkolo, noma ukunqatshelwa kwayo; noma ukuvimbela inkululeko yokukhuluma, noma yezindaba; noma ilungelo labantu lokuhlangana ngokuthula, nokunxusa uHulumeni ukuba alungise izikhalo." Le mvume eyodwa ihlanganisa inkululeko emihlanu ehlukene:

  • [[NTL:0] Inkululeko yokukhuluma: Lokhu akuvikeli nje kuphela amagama akhulunywayo kodwa futhi nenkulumo engokomfanekiso (umzk., ukushiswa kwefulege, ukufaka amangalo) nenkulumo yobuciko. INkantolo Ephakeme ngokuvamile iye yavikela ngisho nenkulumo enenzondo ngaphandle kokuba ibangele ubudlova obuseduze noma ikhalisa izinsongo zeqiniso. Izenzakalo ezibalulekile zihlanganisa [[[FLT:] Brandenburg v. Ohio [1969] [[FLT]] [12][12] SSLY] .[FLT:] SSNCEV.
  • Inkululeko yenkolo:[ Isigqebhezana sokumiswa senqabela uhulumeni ekugunyazeni noma ekuthandeni noma iyiphi inkolo, kuyilapho isigqebhezana sokukhululeka sivikela ilungelo labantu lokusebenzisa ukholo lwabo. Icala elinjengo [[FLT:] Employment Division v. Smith [1990] kanye [FLT:] ne-Burwell v. Hobby Lobby (20] Imithetho efuna imingcele yezentengiselwano engokwenkolo.)
  • Inkululeko yohlu lwezindaba: Umshini ufeza indima ekhethekile ekuhloleni amandla kahulumeni. Izinqumo ze-lowmark njenge-New York Times Co. v. United States (1971](icala lePentagon Papers) uqinisekisa ukuthi ngaphambi kokuvimbela /incwadi evimbelayo/incwadi cishe njalo ayihlangani nezincwadi.
  • [ Izakhamuzi zingahlangana ngokufanele: Izakhamuzi zingabuthana ukuze zibhikishe, zifake imibuthano, nemihlangano, nakuba ohulumeni bengase babeke isikhathi, indawo, nendlela yokuvimbela uma nje bengathathi hlangothi futhi beshiya imikhondo evulekile.
  • [ Akwesokudla sokucela: Lokhu kuhlanganisa ikhono lokusayina izicelo, abashicileli bomthetho, kanye nokumangalela uhulumeni.

ISichibiyelo Sesine: Ukuba Wedwa Nokulondeka

"Ilungelo labantu lokuphepha kubantu babo, izindlu, amaphepha, nemiphumela, ngokumelene nokuphenya nokuquleka okungacabangeki, ngeke kuphulwe..." Lokhu kulungisa kudinga ukuba kuphenyelwe ngokuvamile ngemva kokuthola isiqinisekiso esisekelwe ngokunokwenzeka. Nokho, ubuchwepheshe banamuhla buye badala izinselele ezintsha. Katz v. United States [1967], iNkantolo imisa "ukulindela okunengqondo kwemfihlo". [[[FLT:]] Riley v. California [20] [20]] (20]]] ikholelwa ukuthi amaphoyisa ngokuvamile awanakuhlola ucingo ngaphandle kophawu, ngisho nalapho ebopha umuntu ebopha umuntu.

ISichibiyelo sesine sivikela ekuqubukeni okungacabangeki kwempahla nabantu. Siyisisekelo semithetho ephathelene nokumisa i-frisk, izindawo zokuhlola izimoto, nokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe bokuhlola. ACLU] umsebenzi wokuqapha [ uqokomisa ukukhathazeka okuqhubekayo ngokuqoqwa kwemininingwane kahulumeni nokukhukhuleka kwemfihlo yezethulo enkathini yobuchwepheshe.

Isichibiyelo Sesihlanu: Inqubo Efanele Nokuziphikisa

IsiHluzi sesihlanu siqinisekisa ukuthi akekho onga "eqedweni ekuphileni, inkululeko, noma impahla, ngaphandle kwenqubo efanelekile yomthetho." Ivikela futhi ekuziphindiseleni ngokwakho ("ekufaka owesihlanu"), ingozi ephindwe kabili (ukuzanywa kabili ngenxa yobugebengu obufanayo), futhi ifuna ukuba izigebengu ezinkulu zijeziswe ngobugebengu obungathi sína. Inkulumo ethi "inqubo yokuqala" itolikiwe ukufuna izinqubo ezilungile kokubili izindaba zobugebengu nomphakathi. Ihlanganisa futhi "ukuthatha isikhalazo"" [uhulumeni kumelwe ukhokhele] uma nje uthatha isamba somthetho esiyimfihlo ukuze usebenzise umphakathi.

Icala elidume kabi [[QUL:0] Mira v. Arizona (1966) lasinika imfuneko ejwayelekile yokuba amaphoyisa azise abasoli bamalungelo awo ngaphambi kokuphenywa kwelungelo lokuthola ilungelo. Ukuqonda amalungelo akho eNguqulo yesihlanu kungenye yezinto eziwusizo kakhulu isakhamuzi esingazifunda.

Isichibiyelo Sesithupha: Ilungelo Lokuqulwa Kwecala Okufanele

ISichibiyelo sesithupha siqinisekisa ukuthi abamangalelwa banelungelo lokuquliswa kwecala elisheshayo nelinomphakathi, ijaji elingakhethi, ukuqashelwa kwamacala, ilungelo lokubhekana nofakazi, nelungelo lokwelulekwa ngokomthetho. INkantolo Ephakeme e Gideon v. Wainwright [1963] yasekela ukuthi izimemezelo kumelwe zinikeze abamangalelwa abangakwazi ukukhokha. Lokhu kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi ubulungisa abugcinelwanga abacebile kuphela.

Kulesi sikhathi sokuboshwa kwabantu abaningi, iSichibiyelo seSithandathu sibaluleke kakhulu kunanini ngaphambili. Abamangalelwa abaningi bacindezelwa ukuba bafake izikhalo zezicelo ngaphandle kokuqonda ngokugcwele okushiwo amalungelo abo. Izinhlangano ezinjenge Iproject yeInnocence [ isebenza ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuqulwa okulungile nokuvinjelwa okungalungile.

ISichibiyelo Sesishiyagalombili: Unya Nesijeziso Esingavamile

ISichibiyelo Sesibhozo senqabela ibheyili eqile, amafa amaningi, nesijeziso esingavamile. Lokhu kuye kwachazwa njengokwenqabela ukuhlushwa, izijeziso zobuqaba, kanye nemigwebo engenakuqhathaniswa neze nobugebengu. Amacala ezwe elihambayo ahlanganisa Furman v. Georgia [1972], okwaqeda okwesikhashana isigwebo sokufa, kanye R2] v. [isimons (2005], okuqeda isigwebo sokufa ngenxa yabancane. I-andmentment ithinta izimo zejele nokusetshenziswa kwejele okude.

Izinselele Zokukhululwa Kombango Esikhathini Sanamuhla

Nakuba inkululeko yomphakathi ivikelwe ngokomthetho, ibhekene nezinsongo eziphikelelayo ezibangelwa izenzo zikahulumeni nezinguquko zezenhlalo.

Ukuchuma Kukahulumeni Nenkathi Yamanani

Ukunyuka kwe-inthanethi, omakhalekhukhwini, kanye nemithombo yezokuxhumana kuye kwadala amathuba angazange abonwe ngaphambili. Iqoqo elikhulu le-metadata yocingo, elambulwa ngu-Edward Snowden ngo-2013, laphakamisa ukukhathazeka okukhulu kwezesi-Creatempline. Nakuba kwenziwa izinguquko ezithile, abaningi baphikisa ngokuthi ukuqapha okukhulu kusalokhu kuwusongo. Ukusetshenziswa kokuqapha ubuso, ukubheka abantu ngelayisense, nokubikezela imithetho yomthetho kungaqeda amathuba eyimfihlo nemiphumela engathi sína emiphakathini yemibala.

Ukuhlakanipha kwamanye amazwe kuvame ukuvela ngokungaqondi kahle. [[FLT: 0] Izincwadi ze-Electronic Frontinent Foundation zisebenzisa iNational Security Letters, ezingaphoqelela izinkampani ukuba zinikeze ukwaziswa kwamakhasi ngaphandle kwemvume.

Imingcele Yokukhuluma Nokusula Umkhuba

Nakuba iSichibiyelo sokuqala sinikeza isivikelo esibanzi, kunempikiswano ekhulayo mayelana nenkulumo yenzondo, ukwaziswa okunganembile, nendima yama-patment omphakathi. Izinkampani zomuntu siqu njenge Facebook ne-Tutter zinezimiso zazo ezingaphakathi zokulinganisela, ezingaholela ekususeni ukuguqula noma ukuvinjelwa komthunzi. Abanye baphikisa ukuthi lokhu kuwuhlobo lokuhlola, kuyilapho abanye bathi kuwumthetho wangasese wenkulumo elimazayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, "impucuko ye-cencel" noma ukuthunga obala kungathulisa inkulumo ngisho nangaphandle ngaphandle kokuhileleka kukahulumeni. Izakhamuzi kumelwe ziqonde ukuthi iSichibiyelo sokuqala sivimbela kuphela izenzo zikahulumeni, hhayi izinhlangano ezizimele.

Ngo - 2024, iNkantolo Ephakeme yalalela amacala ngokuthi imibuso ingakulawula yini ukulinganisela kwezokuxhumana.

Ukuvikelwa Kwesizwe Kuyaphikisana. Ukukhululeka Kwangaphakathi

Ngemva kokuhlasela ngo-September 11, i-USA PATRIOT Act yandisa amandla kahulumeni okuhlola, kuhlanganise nokuqasha ama-appet nokuthola amarekhodi ebhizinisi. Ukucindezeleka phakathi kwezokulondeka nenkululeko kuyinselele engapheli. Phakathi nezikhathi eziphuthumayo zezempilo zomphakathi njengobhadane lwe-COVID-19, ohulumeni bafaka izikhundla, iziphakamiso zokufihla izifihla ubuso, nezimfuneko zokugoma. Izinkantolo zivame ukusekela lezi zinyathelo ngaphansi kwemibuso yamaphoyisa, kodwa imingcele yabangela izimpikiswano ezinkulu ngemingcele yegunya likahulumeni enkathazweni.

Ukungamelani nabantu ngaphandle kokuqulwa icala eGuantanamo Bay nokusebenzisa izinhlangano zezempi nakho kuye kwabangela ukugxekwa ngenxa yokululaza inqubo efanele.

Ukubandlulula Nokungalingani

Izimpikiswano eziningi zesimiso sobupolisa − ukuvota kwemithetho ye-ID ethinta ngokungenakulinganiswa ama-project ama-offai athinta ama-plugin amaqemane, kanye nobandlululo lwezindlu ngenkululeko yomphakathi. (ngokwesibonelo, ukuyeka nezenzo ze-frisk eNew York City kutholakala ukuthi ayikona ukuphikisana ngenxa yokuthi yayihlasela abantu abamnyama nababhidliki ngaphandle kokusola okunengqondo. Ngokufanayo, ukudayisa amalungelo abantu abamnyama nabase-Spaniya ngokuphathelene nokungena endlini yangasese kanye nokuncintisana kwempilo kuye kwaba yizinkundla zempi ngenxa yenkululeko yomphakathi. Impi yenkululeko yomphakathi ivame ukulwa ngokulwa namalungelo omphakathi.

Indlela Izakhamuzi Ezingavikela Ngayo Ukukhululeka Kwazo Kwangaphakathi

Inkululeko yomphakathi ayikona ukuzibulala; idinga ukuzivikela okunenkuthalo kwezakhamuzi ezinolwazi. Nazi izindlela ezisebenzayo abantu abangawavikela ngazo amalungelo abo namalungelo abanye.

Yazi Amalungelo Akho

Isinyathelo sokuqala imfundo. Izakhamuzi zonke kufanele ziqonde isivikelo esiyisisekelo seBill of Rights nomthetho-sisekelo wazo wezwe. Ngokwesibonelo, uma umiswa amaphoyisa, unelungelo lokuthula futhi wenqabe ukuseshwa. Uma uboshiwe, unelungelo kummeli. I-ACLLU inikeza usizo oluwusizo Ulwazi lwesiqondiso Sakho Samalungelo [ ngezimo ezihlukahlukene, kusukela ekuvimbeleni izimoto ezimayo.

Hlanganyela Emisebenzini Emibi

Ukuqamba kuyindlela ebaluleke kakhulu yokuvikela inkululeko. Izikhulu ezihlonipha inkululeko yomphakathi nokumisa abahluleli abachaza uMthetho-sisekelo ngokwethembeka zingahlela indawo engokomthetho amashumi amaningi eminyaka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhonza ejajini kuyindlela enamandla yokuhlanganyela esimisweni sobulungisa futhi kuqinisekise ukuthi abamangalelwa bathola ukuqulwa okulungile. Ukuquliswa kwenkululeko ("Ddoculp") ukubiza abameleli bakho, ukubhala ama-op-ed, nokuhlela izenzakalo zomphakathi).

Izinhlangano Ezisekela Ukukhululeka

Izinhlangano eziningi ezingafaki nzuzo zisebenza ngokuzikhandla ukuze zivikele inkululeko yomphakathi ngokufaka imvume, ukunxusa, nemfundo yomphakathi. I-American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) isingatha izinkulungwane zamacala unyaka ngamunye. I-Electronic Frontifice Foundation (EFFF) igxila emalungelweni emishini. I-Innocence Project isebenza ngokumelene nezinkolelo ezingalungile. Ukunikela, ukwenza umsebenzi, noma ukumane nje uthuthukise umsebenzi wayo kungawenza umehluko.

Khuluma Ngokumelene Nokungabi Nabulungisa

Uma ubona inkululeko yomphakathi iphulwa, noma kungumngane ovalelwe ngokungafanele ekubhikisheni, osebenza naye exoshwa ngenxa yezinkolelo zabo ezingokwenkolo, noma isihloko sezindaba esibika umthetho ongavumelani nemithetho yezomthetho . Sebenzisa inkulumo yakho siqu ukuvikela amalungelo abanye. Bhala ephephandabeni lendawo, ube khona emihlanganweni yemikhandlu yasedolobheni, noma uqale isicelo. Ukuthula kuvumela ukugxambukela ekusebenziseni izinkolelo zabo.

Fundisa Abanye

Yisho izinto ezizokusiza uqonde amalungelo abo, kulapho kunzima khona ukuba lawo malungelo aqedwe. Amayunivesithi amaningi anikeza izifundo zamahhala ngomthetho wezomthetho - sisekelo nangenkululeko yomphakathi.

Imibono Yomhlaba Wonke Ngenkululeko Yombango

I - Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR), eyamukelwa yiZizwe Ezihlangene ngo - 1948, iveza amalungelo ayisisekelo abo bonke abantu.

ECanada, i-Carter of Rights and Freedoms (1982] ivikela inkululeko efanayo, kuhlanganise nenkululeko yokuveza, inkululeko yokuhlangana, nokulondeka komuntu. Izinkantolo zaseCanada ziye zabusa, ngokwesibonelo, ukuthi imithetho enqabela ukukhuluma ngenzondo ingaba umthetho-mfashini onengqondo ngaphansi kwengxenye 1.

I - European Council on Human Rights (ECHR) inikeza inqubo engokomthetho ehlanganisa amazwe amaningi. I - European Court of Human Rights eStrasbourg iqulula amacala ezakhamuzi ezingamalungu ezwe.

Ezingxenyeni eziningi zomhlaba, inkululeko yomphakathi isongelwa kakhulu. Amazwe anjengeChina, iRussia, neIran acindezela ngokuhlelekile ukukhuluma ngokukhululekile, imithombo yezindaba ezimele, kanye nomkhuba wezenkolo. Abangahambisani neqiniso baboshwa, ukubhikishwa kuqedwe, futhi ukuhlolwa kwamanani akunakwenzeka. Ukuqonda indawo yomhlaba wonke kubeka amalungelo amaningi ethu awanakekelwe futhi kugcizelela ukubaluleka kokuwavikela ekhaya.

Isiphetho: Umsebenzi Oqhubekayo Wenkululeko

Inkululeko yomphakathi ayimi ndawonye; yizimiso zokuphila okumelwe zichazwe, zivikelwe, futhi ngezinye izikhathi zandiswe ukuze zihlangabezane namaqiniso amasha. Isizukulwane ngasinye sibhekana nezinselele zokuthola inkululeko − kungakhathaliseki ukuthi iziphithiphithi zezizwe, ushintsho kwezobuchwepheshe, noma ukuphamba kwasekhaya. Ilungelo lokukhuluma ngomqondo wakho, ukusebenzisa ukholo lwakho, ukukhululeka ekufuneni okungenangqondo, ukwamukela ukulingwa okulungile, futhi ukukhululeka ekujezisweni ngonya akuzona nje izinto ezisohlwini lwezinto, kodwa kuyiziseko zomphakathi ohlonipha isithunzi somuntu.

Ukuba isakhamuzi esinolwazi kusho okungaphezu kokwazi nje ukuthi lamalungelo akhona. Kusho ukuqonda umsuka waso, imingcele yaso, nokulwela ukusilondoloza. Kusho ukuqaphela ukuthi inkululeko ilula futhi ukuthi ukunganaki kuyisitha esikhulu senkululeko. Ngokuhlala sithembisene, sibuza igunya, futhi simelane nabanye, sonke isakhamuzi singafeza indima ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi inkululeko yomphakathi ihlala ikhona ezizukulwaneni ezizayo.