Ukuqonda Ukuba Izakhamuzi: Isiqondiso Esinesisekelo

Ukuthola impumelelo yobuzwe ezweni elisha kuyingqophamlando ephawulekayo evula iminyango yokuhlanganyela ngokugcwele kwezombangazwe, izinzuzo zezenhlalo, nomuzwa wokuba khona. Nokho, indlela yokuthola imvelo ayivamile ukuba lula. Imithetho ebusayo efanelekelayo iyahlukahluka kakhulu phakathi kwezizwe, kodwa zihlanganyela izimiso zesisekelo. Lesiqondiso siphula imingcele eyisisekelo yolimi olucacile, sikusize uqonde lokho amazwe amaningi akufunayo nendlela yokulungiselela uhambo olungaphambili.

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi usebenza ngokuhlala, umshado, noma uhlu lozalo, ukwazi izimfuneko eziyisisekelo njengokuba umdala, indawo yokuhlala engokomthetho, nobuntu obuhle, kuzokulondoloza isikhathi futhi kunciphise ukukhungatheka. Sizohlola futhi izimpawu ezinhle ezihambisana nokuba khona komzimba, ukuhlola, nezindlela ezikhethekile, kanye neseluleko esiwusizo sokugwema izihibe ezivamile.

Izimfuneko Eziyisisekelo Zokufaneleka

Izwe ngalinye limisa iqoqo elilinganiselwe lezimo abafaka isicelo okumelwe bahlangabezane nazo ngaphambi kokuba kuthathwe ukuthi yizakhamuzi. Le misebenzi iklanyelwe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izakhamuzi ezintsha zenziwa, umthetho ugqekeza, futhi zihlanganiswe emphakathini. Izimfuneko ezivamile zihlanganisa:

Iminyaka Ephansi

Cishe zonke izindawo zidinga ukuba abafaki bezicelo babe neminyaka engu-18 ubudala. Amancane ngokuvamile afakwa ekufakeni isicelo somzali noma anezindlela ezihlukene, ezilula. Imfuneko yobudala ivimbela abantu abangakakwazi ukuthatha imithwalo yemfanelo egcwele yobuhlalo.

Isikhathi Esingokomthetho Sokuhlala

Abahlohli kumelwe bafakazele ukuthi i-United States ihlala ngokomthetho ezweni njengesakhamuzi esihlala njalo iminyaka eqondile. Lenkathi isukela eminyakeni emithathu kuya kwemihlanu, nakuba ingaba mifushane kuleyo eshade nesakhamuzi noma isikhathi eside kulabo abasebenzisa amabhusasethi athile esikhashana. Ngokwesibonelo, i-United States ifuna iminyaka emihlanu yokuhlala okuhlala okunganqamuki (noma iminyaka emithathu uma ishade ne-U.S., isakha, kuyilapho iUnited Kingdom icela okungenani iminyaka emihlanu yokuhlala ngaphambi kokuba ifake ifomu lemvelo. USCIS] umqondisi wemvelo [] ne-[FLT] [FOLD] [F:]] UK [uK] Office Office Office nokwaziswa kobuhlanga.[FFT]

Ukuziphatha Okuhle

Amazwe afuna ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izakhamuzi ezintsha ziyawuhlonipha umthetho futhi zifaka iqhaza elihle emphakathini. “Ukuziphatha okuhle” okufunekayo kusho ukufaka izikhalo kungabi nomlando wobugebengu obungathi sína (ikakhulukazi ngenxa yobugebengu obuhilela ukuphambana ngokokuziphatha, amacala ezidakamizwa, noma izenzo zobudlova) futhi kumelwe ukuba ngokuvamile intela, ukusekela izingane, nezinye izibopho zomphakathi. Izigebengu ezincane zivame ukunganakwa, kodwa ukuboshwa, amaphutha, noma ngisho nezigebengu ezithile ezingakhohlakele zingabangela ukuphika noma ukulinda.

Abamangali kufanele baqoqe izitifiketi zamaphoyisa, amarekhodi asenkantolo, nanoma ibuphi ubufakazi bokulungisa isimo uma kudingeka.

Ukukhuluma Ngolimi

Ukukwazi ukufunda, ukubhala, nokukhuluma ulimi lwesizwe noma ulimi olusemthethweni kudingekile. Izinga lobuchwepheshe liyahlukahluka-hluka-hluka--shiya-ke, amanye amazwe ahlola amakhono ayisisekelo okuxoxa, kuyilapho amanye edinga ukuhlolwa okungokomthetho. Ngokwesibonelo, i-Jalimane ilindele i-B1 yezinga lesiJalimane, ne-Canada idinga ulwazi olwanele lwesiNgisi noma isiFulentshi ukuze kukhulunyelwe ngokucacile. Ukukhulula kungase kube khona kubantu asebekhulile abacela isicelo noma abanezimo zezokwelapha. Lungiselele kusengaphambili ngokusebenzisa amakilasi olimi noma ngokusebenzisa izinto zokutadisha ezisemthethweni.

Ulwazi Ngemithwalo Yemfanelo Eyisibopho

Izakhamuzi ezintsha kulindeleke ukuba ziqonde umlando wezwe, isimo sikahulumeni, namalungelo ezakhamuzi. Lokhu kuhlolwa ngokuhlolwa kwezakhamuzi ezibhaliwe noma ezibhalwe ngomlomo. Izihloko zihlanganisa umthetho-sisekelo, amagatsha kahulumeni, izimpawu zesizwe, nezenzakalo ezingokomlando. Ohulumeni abaningi banikeza iziyalezo zokutadisha zamahhala nokuhlola. E-United States, abafaki bezicelo baphendula imibuzo eyishumi yekhulu lezakhamuzi; e-Australia, ukuhlola kuhlanganisa izindinganiso ze-Australia kanye nombuso.

Ukuzivumelanisa Nomzimba Nokuba Khona

Ngaphandle nje kokuba nesakhiwo esingokomthetho esihlala njalo, amazwe amaningi abeka izimfuneko ezithile ezingokoqobo zokuthola ukuthi ubuhlala kulelozwe, hhayi nje ukulondoloza ukuma okungokomthetho lapho uhamba kwelinye izwe.

Isikhathi Sokuhlala

Isikhathi esiphelele okumelwe ube uhlala kuso unomphela ngaphambi kokuba usebenzise ngokuvamile sibizwa ngokuthi “inkathi yendawo.” Ubude obuvamile yi:

  • Iminyaka emithathu ngemibhangqwana yezakhamuzi (isib., United States, Canada)
  • Iminyaka engu - 5 yalabo abafaka isicelo (isihe, United States, United Kingdom, Australia)
  • Eminyakeni eyishumi yamazwe athile anezimiso eziqinile (isib., Switzerland)

Amanye amazwe afuna futhi ukuba ube nemvume yokuhlala yesikhashana ngaphambi kokuba uthole indawo yokuhlala ehlala njalo — lokhu “inkathi yobukhomanisi” inganezelwa esikhathini esiphelele, kodwa kumelwe uguqukele esimweni esihlala njalo ngaphambi kokuba ufake isicelo sokuba isakhamuzi.

Ukubala Ukuba Khona Okungokomzimba

Iziphathimandla zivame ukubala lokhu zisebenzisa amarekhodi okuhamba, izitembu zokungena, noma amakhadi okumisa. Imithetho evamile ihlanganisa:

  • Izinsuku ezimbalwa kuleli zwe phakathi nenkathi yokuhlala kwabantu (isib., ingxenye yesikhathi, noma inani elithile elifana nezinyanga eziyishumi kwezinhlanu ezidlule).
  • Imfuneko eqhubekayo yokuhlala: ukungabe ungekho inkathi eyodwa edlula isilinganiso esimisiwe (ngokuvamile izinyanga eziyisithupha kuya kunyaka owodwa). Ukungabikho isikhathi eside kungaqeda ukuqhubekeka kwewashi futhi kuphinde kuhlahlele iwashi.
  • Ababeyizisebenzi ezithile zikahulumeni noma inkonzo yezempi kwamanye amazwe, kodwa kumelwe babhalwe phansi.

Ukuze uhlale emzileni, gcina inombolo yokuhamba futhi ugcine zonke izindawo zokuqasha, izivumelwano zokuqasha, nentela ebonisa ukuba khona kwakho. Uma unegebe, thintana nochwepheshe ngaphambi kokuhlela.

Ukuhlosa Ukubuyela Ekhaya

Ngisho nangemva kokuthola isilinganiso salokho okukhona, amazwe amaningi afuna ukuba umemezele inhloso yakho yokuqhubeka uhlala ezweni ngemva kokuzenzakalela. Abenzi bezicelo akumelwe basheshe bahlele ukuthuthela kwelinye izwe unomphela. Uma ufaka isicelo sokuthola imvume yokuphuma kuleli zwe futhi uhlela ukulishiya ngokushesha ngemva kwalokho, ungase uphenyelwe ngezinhloso zakho zangempela.

Izinqumo Ezingeziwe Ezingenza Noma Zihluleke Ukusebenzisa Isimiso Esimisiwe

Ngaphandle kwezici eziyisisekelo, kunezinye izici ezimbalwa ezihilelekile. Ezinye ziyimfuneko, kanti ezinye ziwukuhlakanipha futhi zingaqinisa isimo sakho. Nazi izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu okumelwe zicatshangelwe:

Ukuhlola Ukuba Izakhamuzi (Umlando, Uhulumeni Nezindinganiso)

Ukuhlola okusemthethweni manje sekuyindinganiso emazweni amaningi. Bahlola okungaphezulu kokuthi awukusho ngekhanda nje ngekhanda; bahlola ukuthi ungalusebenzisa yini ulwazi lwakho ezimweni zomphakathi wangempela. Ngokwesibonelo, u-UK Life in the UK in the UK kuhlanganisa imibuzo ngamasiko aseBrithani, isimiso somthetho, nezinhlangano zomphakathi. Ukuhlola kwe-Australia ukuba isakhamuzi sihlanganisa ingxenye ethinta izindinganiso ze-Australia, njengenkululeko yokukhuluma nenhlonipho. Ukuhluleka ukuhlolwa kungasho ukulinda nokuthatha futhi. Sebenzisa izivivinyo ezisemthethweni futhi usebenzise izivivinyo ukuze uhlaziye amathuba akho.

Izimfuneko Zolimi Nezokuhlanganisa

Amanye amazwe ahlanganisa ulimi kanye nomphakathi ukuze ahlolwe. Amanye adinga ubufakazi bolimi ngediploma noma ngokuhlola okugunyaziwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungadingeka ubonise ukuthi wenze imizamo yokuhlanganisa /_ngeqembu lomphakathi, ukwenza umsebenzi wokuzithandela, noma ukubonisa ukuthi uqeshiwe noma ufunda. Ngokwesibonelo, i-Netherlands, idinga ukudlulisa “ukuhlolwa kokuhlanganisa i-i-intelliging" (inburgersextamen), okuhlanganisa ukufunda, ukubhala, ukulalela, nokwazi umphakathi wamaDashi. Ukuhluleka kwalokhu kuhlola kungalibalisela izakhamuzi phakade.

Ubufakazi Bokuqina Kwezimali

Nakuba kungesona imfuneko engokomthetho ngaso sonke isikhathi, amazwe amaningi afuna ukubona ukuthi ungazisekela wena kanye nabancike kuwe ngaphandle kokuthembela kakhulu ezinzuzoni zomphakathi. Lokhu kungaqinisekiswa ngenkokhelo yentela, ukukhokha iziphazamiso, izitatimende zebhange, noma ubufakazi bempahla. Uma ubesempilweni enhle isikhathi eside, kungaphakamisa imibuzo ngekhono lakho lokunikela ezweni. Nokho, ukungasebenzi kwesikhashana noma ukukhubazeka kwamukeleka uma unecebo lokuzivuselela.

Isibopho Senkonzo Yezempi

Emazweni anenkonzo yezempi ebophekile (umk., iNingizimu Korea, i-Israel, iSwitzerland), amadoda acela usizo ontanga ethile kungadingeka abonise ukuthi aqeda noma akhululiwe enkonzweni. Ukwehluleka ukwenza kanjalo kungaba yisithiyo ekutholeni imvelo. Abesifazane ngokuvamile abathinteki, kodwa kuyadingeka ukuhlola izimfuneko eziqondile ezweni lakho elikhonziwe.

Izindlela Ezikhethekile Zokuba Izakhamuzi

Abantu abaningi abalandeli indlela ejwayelekile yokuhlala. Izindlela eziningana ezingasetshenziswa zingasheshisa lenqubo noma zinikeze ijubane uma izimpawu ezivamile zingahlangatshezwani. Ukuqonda lokhu kungasindisa iminyaka yokulinda.

Ukuba Izakhamuzi Ngokwehliswa (UbuSanguini)

Uma omunye noma bobabili abazali bakho noma ogogo nomkhulu beyizakhamuzi zezwe elithile, ungafaneleka ukuba ube yizakhamuzi ngokwenzalo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi wazalelwaphi. Izibonelo ezivamile zihlanganisa i-Italy, i-Ireland, iPoland, neGreece. Izwe ngalinye linemithetho yalo emayelana nemingcele yezizukulwane, ukushada nabantu abangewona ama-666tizen, futhi ukuthi ingabe kudingeka uhlale ezweni. Udinga izitifiketi zokuzalwa, amarekhodi emvelo, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ukubhalisa. Ngenxa yokuthi ibhukwana lingaba yinkimbinkimbi, abantu abaningi basebenza nabaqondisi abakhethekile bezakhi zofuzo noma abameli.

Ukuba Izakhamuzi Ngomshado Noma Ngokuxhumana Komkhaya

Abashadi bezakhamuzi bavame ukujabulela inkathi efushane yokuhlala kanye nezimfuneko zolimi oluphansi, kodwa kusamelwe bahlangabezane nesimilo esihle kanye nezimiso zokuhlanganisa. Amanye amazwe anikeza izakhamuzi ezisheshayo emshadweni (umz., iMorocco kwabesifazane abangamaSulumane, kodwa kuthukela nje ngamadoda), kuyilapho amanye edinga iminyaka eminingana yomshado nokuhlala ndawonye. Ubuhlobo beqiniso kumelwe buqinisekiswe; imishado yamaphutha iyajeziswa kakhulu.

Ukuba Izakhamuzi Ngokutshala Imali (Izakhamuzi Ezingosomabhizinisi)

Amazwe ambalwa anikeza inzuzo enkulu yemali esukela ku-R250 000 kuya ku-R250 000. Izinhlelo ezithandwayo zihlanganisa lezo zaseMalta, eCyprus (manje ezilengiwe), eSt. Kitts nase-Nevis, eDominica, naseVanuatu. Le zindlela zishesha (kaningi izinyanga ezingu-3/12) futhi azinalulimi noma imfuneko yokuhlala, kodwa zibiza kakhulu futhi ngezinye izikhathi ziyaphikisana. Isicelo kumelwe sidlule kanzima. Lokhu akuyona indlela engcono kakhulu kubo bonke abantu, kodwa kuyindlela engokomthetho kulabo abanenhloko - dolobha enkulu.

Ukuba Izakhamuzi Kwababaleki Nabantu Abangenahulumeni

Ababaleki nabantu abangenazwe kungenzeka baye banciphisa izimfuneko zokuhlala nokungatholi mvume yokuhlola ulimi noma umphakathi ukuze baqaphele izimo zabo. Nokho, le nqubo ingathatha isikhathi eside, futhi abaningi balinde amashumi eminyaka ngenxa yesimiso sombuso. Izinhlangano ezinjenge-UNHCR zinikeza isiqondiso, kodwa abafaka isicelo kufanele basebenze ngezinhlelo zosizo zababaleki bendawo ukuze bafakaze isikhundla sabo futhi bahlangabezane nezimfuneko ezihloniphekile.

Ukusetshenziswa Kwemvelo Kwezakhamuzi Ezinde Zomhlaba (Amnesty noma Isimiso Sokwenza Izindawo Zihlale Zikhona)

Ngezikhathi ezithile, amazwe anikeza izinhlelo zokuhlala njalo ezinikeza abantu abahlala ngokungemthetho iminyaka eminingi kodwa abaphila ngokungemthetho kodwa abanomlando ohlanzekile. Lezi zindaba zingavamile futhi ziyashesha ukuzwela kwezombangazwe, kodwa ziyenzeka (ngokwesibonelo, ukuqashelwa njalo kwamashumi amabili aneskhathi eItaly). Qaphela izimemezelo zokufuduka ezingokomthetho uma usesimweni esingesihle.

Izinselele Ezivamile Nendlela Yokuzinqoba

Ngisho noma uhlangabezana nazo zonke imfuneko, inqubo yokufaka isicelo ingagcwala izithiyo. Nazi izithiyo ezivame kakhulu namasu asebenzayo okuzisingatha:

Ungekho noma Umbhalo ongaphelele

Amahhovisi kahulumeni adinga amabhukwana okuqala, ngokuvamile anezinguqulo ezigunyaziwe. Ukulahlekelwa isitifiketi sokuzalwa noma ilayisensi yomshado kungadala izinyanga zokulibala. Gcina amakhophi enombolo nawomzimba wento yonke, bese uthumela amafaktheli ngaphambi kokuba asetshenziswe. Uma uvela ezweni elinomlando ongathembekile, faka imali ekufuneni noma uqashe isazi sezakhi zofuzo.

Umlando Wesigebengu Noma Ukuboshwa Kwangesikhathi Esidlule

Ngisho nokuqiniseka okuncane okuvela emashumini eminyaka edlule kungavela futhi phakathi nokuhlolwa kwezemuva. Ungazami ukukufihla; ukuveza konke kungcono njalo. Uma uboshwa kodwa ungalahlwanga, udinga ukunikeza imibhalo. Amanye amazwe avumela “izinsalela” noma“ ukuvala izigwegwe” ngemva kwesikhathi esithile . Ummeli angakusiza ukuba uhlole ukuthi ufanelekile yini futhi ukuthi ukulinda iminyaka embalwa kungenza icala “lingakhishwa” ngaphansi kwemithetho yendawo.

Izikhathi Eziwubude Obude

Ukuhlolwa kwezakhamuzi kungathatha noma yizinyanga eziyisithupha kuya kwezintathu. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, kumelwe ulondoloze indawo yakho yokuhlala ehlala njalo, uqhubeke uhlangabezana nokukhona ngokomzimba, futhi ungahambi isikhathi eside. Uma isicelo sakho sidonsa, cabangela ukuvala i-writ of mandamus (e-U.S.) noma ukunxusa enkantolo ephakeme (kwamanye amazwe) ukuze ubophe isinqumo. Nokho, lokhu kuyabiza futhi akufanelekile kunoma ubani. Ukubekezela nokuhlela ngokucophelela kubalulekile.

Izinguquko EMthethweni

Imithetho yokuhlanganisa ishintsha kaningi. Indlela ekhona lapho uqala ingavalwa ngesikhathi uhlangabezana nemfuneko yokuhlala. Hlala uvuselelwe ngokubhalisela amapheshana kahulumeni asemthethweni noma ama-oplog okufuduka anedumela elihle. Cabangela ukuhlelwa koshintsho lwemithetho uma useduze ukufaneleka.

Ulimi Noma Ukukhathazeka Okuvivinyayo

Uma ulwisana ne-session̆ing, ungalindi kuze kube umzuzu wokugcina. Ikilasi lokulungiselela izakhamuzi, elinikezwa amakholiji amaningi omphakathi nenzuzo engakhi. Ulimi, ziqeqeshe ukukhuluma nsuku zonke futhi usebenzise izinhlelo ezifana ne-Duolingo noma i-Babbel. Indawo yokucela uma unokuphazamiseka kwemfundo noma unenkinga yempilo, amazwe athile avumela ukuhlolwa komlomo esikhundleni sokubhalwa kwabacela abadala.

Isiphetho

Ukuba isakhamuzi kuwumgomo onzima kodwa ongenakufinyelelwa uma uqonda imithetho futhi ulungiselela ngokulandelana. Izwe ngalinye linenhlanganisela yalo eyingqayizivele yobudala, ukuhlala, uhlobo, ulimi, nolwazi lomphakathi, kodwa izimiso eziyisisekelo zifana ngokuphawulekayo. Qala ngokuhlola ingosi yezokufuduka esemthethweni yezwe lakho ukuze uthole iziqondiso zamuva. Uma kunjalo, qoqa amaphepha akho, qinisekisa ukuba khona kwakho ngokoqobo, futhi uthinta noma iliphi ifulegi elibomvu elikhona (jengcss) njengokuboshwa kwakudala noma igebe eliseqe ezindaweni zokuhlala khona.

Uma ungaqiniseki nganoma isiphi isinyathelo, xhumana nommeli ogunyaziwe wezokufuduka noma inhlangano yomphakathi eqashelwayo.