Ubuhlobo phakathi kwemithombo yezindaba nentando yeningi bungenye yezici ezibaluleke kakhulu emphakathini wanamuhla. Izinhlangano zamaMedemu zombili zibunjwe yizimiso zentando yeningi ezisebenza kuzo, zidala icebo elivumelanayo elingaqinisa ukuphila komphakathi noma lifake igalelo ekukhukhulekeni kwawo. Njengoba amapulatifomu emishini ahlaziya indlela ukwaziswa okukhiqizwa ngayo nokuqedwa ngayo, ukuqonda lendlela yokuhlangana kwemigwaqo kulokhu kuphuthuma kakhulu. Lesihloko sihlola ithonya lomphakathi phakathi kwemithombo yezindaba nentando yeningi, izinselele ezisongela ukuhlangana kwawo okunempilo, kanye nezindlela eziqhubekela phambili kolwazi nomphakathi othenjiwe.

Indima Yemithombo Yezindaba Emzabalazweni Obusa Ngentando Yeningi

Izinhlangano zedemokrasi zixhomeke esazini esinolwazi. Imedia igcwalisa lesisidingo sesisekelo ngokwenza imisebenzi enzima eminingi eyenza ukuba umuntu akwazi ukuzilawula. Okuqashelwa kakhulu yi-iodionâש ukusakazwa kokwaziswa kwezenzo zikahulumeni, izimpikiswano zezimiso, nentuthuko yezezenhlalakahle. Ngaphandle kokuthola ukwaziswa okunjalo, abavoti abanakwenza ukukhetha okungacatshangelwe ebhokisini lebhola lokwaziswa.

Ngaphandle kombiko olula, imithombo yezindaba isebenza njengendawo yezindaba edinga ukuncintisana. Imibono ingaphikisana lapho. Izingxenye zemibono, umsakazo, kanye nezokuxhumana kuvumela amaqonga ezindawo ezihlukahlukene ukuba zifake igalelo engxoxweni yentando yeningi. Le midanti ibalulekile ekwakheni nasekulweni izihloko eziphikiswayo. Okubaluleke ngokufanayo yindima ye-media ne-panethi ye-IC. I-âbeajow i-'s's' njenge-'i- i-ogated . Imithombo yezindaba yezentengiso idalula ukonakala, ukuxhaphaza amandla, nokusetshenziswa kabi kwezindawo, kanjalo iphethe izikhulu ezikhethiwe nezinhlangano ezifuna ukulandisa. Isimangaliso somthetho wobuningili semisebenzi ye-Oralth sihlola amagatsha amathathu kahulumeni. [FT]

Ukunqanyulwa Kokwaziswa Enkathini Yezinombolo

Isibonelo esivamile sokusakaza okuye kusuka kokunye siye sathasiselwa ku-âש kandi ezimweni eziningi sithathelwe indawo i-ấ à fooby algorithism ne-octive-octive. Nakuba amaplatfomu ezibalo enza ukuba kutholakale i-instation, futhi adale izinselele [ insensensence[[ [[FLT]] kanye namaqamuclocks . Umbiko wama-223] ovela e Inhlangano yeSifundo seJournim [[FLT] ] wathola ukuthi kuphela 40% ezithenjiweyo zezentengo zesikhathi esingu 46. Lokhu kuncibilika kwethemba ngokuqondile [FT:]

Umphakathi Ifourm v. Isikhungo sokuhlola

Ama-media ama-platform aye asebenza njengendawo yomphakathi ehlukene kakhulu. Imishini yezindaba ye-partis ye-partis, izimpompo zamanani, nokudla okungokwemithetho esemthethweni ngokuvamile kuqinisa izinkolelo ezikhona kunokuba kudalule abasebenzisi ekuqhathaniseni imibono. le miphumela yegumbi yomphakathi [ inganciphisa izinga lenkulumo yomphakathi futhi ibangele ukuyekethisa okukhulu. Noma kunjalo, amaphephandaba nezikhulumi zomphakathi ziyaqhubeka zikhonza njengezindawo zomphakathi zangempela ezifundeni eziningi, izingxoxo zehholo ledolobha kanye nezimpikiswano ezihlanganisa izigaba ezihlukahlukene.

Ukusetshenziswa Kwe - Journalid Yokugada Inja

Ukuhlolwa kokuhlola kuselokhu kungokunye kwamathuluzi anamandla kakhulu okulandisa. Umsebenzi wezinhlangano ezinjenge-International Consortium of Investigative papers (IIJ)â68 owahlanganisa amaPanama Papers nePandora Papersâ 16) ubonisa indlela ukubambisana okungadalula ngayo ukonakala kwezimiso zemvelo. Lemisebenzi incike ekuvikeleni kwentando yeningi ukuze inyathelise inkululeko futhi ibonise ithonya elibonakalayo le-indecratic ekholometers.

Umphumela Wentando Yeningi Kwemithombo Yezindaba

Intando yeningi inikeza izimo ezingokomthetho nezingokwesiko ezivumela imithombo yezindaba ukuba ichume. Impilo yemithombo yezindaba ivame ukubonisa impilo yesimiso sentando yeningi ngokwaso.Izindawo ezine eziyinhloko zibonisa indlela idemokrasi ethonyayo ethonya ngayo imithombo yezindaba.

Inkululeko Yezindaba

Imithetho-mthetho yedemokrati nezimiso zomthetho zicindezela inkululeko njengelungelo eliyisisekelo. Amazwe anamasiko aqinile entando yeningi, njenge-Norway, iSweden, ne-New Zealand, ahlale ephezulu Abaholi Bezindaba Abangenama-Bordersâ 16). Lezimo ezizungezile zivumela izintatheli ukuba zihlole futhi zigxeke ngaphandle kokwesaba ukuboshwa noma ubudlova. Ngokuphambene, idemocracyism ivame ukubona inkululeko incipha njengoba ohulumeni bebeka imingcele, i-Refecta layisense, noma izintatheli zezindaba ezihluphanga.

Imisebenzi Yokulungisa Ifulegi

Ohulumeni bedemokrasi bamisa imithetho elinganisela inkululeko nezinye izithakazelo zomphakathi, njengokuphepha kwesizwe, ukuzifihla, nokuvimbela inkulumo yenzondo. Izinhlangano ezizimele, njenge-UKââpias Ofcom noma i-U Federal Commissions, yengamela izindinganiso zokusakazwa, imingcele yobunikazi, nokuhlonipheka. Lezizimo zihlose ukukhuthaza ukuhlukahluka kwemibono nokuvimbela ukulawulwa kolwazi ngemithetho eyodwa.

I - TV Yomphakathi

Izentando yeningi eziningi zixhasa umsebenzi womphakathi wezokuxhumana ukuze ziqinisekise ukuthi zonke izimvume zitholakala ngaphandle kobandlululo, ngokulinganayo. Ngokwesibonelo, iBritish Broadcasting Corporation (BC), ixhaswe ngemali yelayisense futhi isebenza ngaphansi kwe-Royal Charter edinga ukungakhetheki. E-United States, iNhlangano ye-PBS ne-NPR isekela i-PPR, inikeza izindaba zezentengiselwano ezingenalutho nezokusakaza. Imishini yokusakaza yomphakathi iklanyelwe ukumelana nezingcindezi zezentengiselwano ezingasemfa ngenye indlela.

Ukufunda Ezezindaba Nemfundo Yesibhamu

Izimiso zemfundo yedemokrasi zihlanganisa ukufunda imithombo yezindaba njengengxenye yezifundo zabo zesikole, zifundisa abafundi indlela yokuhlaziya imithombo yesikole, ukuhlukanisa, nokuzwa ingcaca. Amazwe anjengeFinland aye ahlanganisa ukufunda imithombo yezindaba nezindinganiso zemfundo zesizwe, okusiza ekukhuthazeni umphakathi ukuba umelane nezindaba eziyinkohliso. Izinyathelo ezinjalo zixhomeke esimisweni sentando yeningi sokuthi ukukhetha okufundile kubalulekile ukuze umuntu azikhethele ngokwakhe.

Izinselele Ekuncintisaneni Kwemithombo Yezindaba Nentando Yeningi

Naphezu kokusekelana okuchazwe ngenhla, ubuhlobo phakathi kwemithombo yezindaba nentando yeningi bubhekene nezinsongo ezingathi sína.

Ukungaqondi Nokungaqondi

Ukusakazwa ngamabomu kokwaziswa okungamanga (inkulumo-dist) nokuhlanganyela ngokungahlosile kokuqukethwe (i-misformation) kuqeda ukwethemba kokubili izinhlangano zezezindaba nezentando yeningi. Phakathi nokhetho lomongameli wase-U. 2016, abasebenzi baseRussia basebenzisa amapulatifomu ezenhlalo ukuze bandise okuhlukanisayo nokuhlwanyela isiphithiphithi. Muva nje, umqedazwe weCOVID-19 wabona u-âtóinfodicââzonaâzonaâzona wenkulumo egxekayo yezempilo yomphakathi. Ukunqanda ukunqandwa kwe-projective akudingi imithetho yesikhulu kodwa futhi kudinga ukuvikelwa kwezinhlangano ezifaka iqhingayo ezingokoqobo njenge-Snopes nePolitifact, kanye nemfundo yezokuxhumana.

Ukuqinisa Okusamithombo

Njengoba zimbalwa izinhlangano ezinengxenye eyandayo yemithombo yezindaba, izinhlobonhlobo zamazwi abahleli zingancipha. E-United States, iSinclaillast Group noma iphethe amakhulu eziteshi ze-TV zendawo, ngokuvamile eziphoqelela ukuba zifake okukhiqizwa emoyeni phakathi nendawo nge-slant engaguquki. Lokhu kugada kwezindaba kunciphisa ukusakazwa kwezindaba futhi kungaguqula imithombo yezindaba ibe ithuluzi lokuthumela imiyalezo ngokuthumela kunokuba i-asmon. Ukusekela kwezenkolo nokuzimela imithombo yezindaba ezimele, okuzimele emphakathini kungasiza ukuxazulula izinkinga.

Ukwenezelwa Kwezombangazwe

Iziteshi zezindaba zisekela izibukeli ngokugcizelela imibono ekhona mayelana namaqiniso. Eziningi zemibuso ebusa ngentando yeningi, izibukeli zizikhetha emithonjeni yezindaba eziqinisekisa ubandlululo lwazo, eziholela engxenyeni ehlukene lapho kunamaqiniso ahlukene. Ukucwaninga kwe- Prew Research Center [ kubonisa ukuthi amaDemocrates namaRepublicans e-US kunamasunt imibono ehlukene ngokuphawulekayo yezenzakalo ezifanayo, igebe eliqhutshwa yisilinganiso sokudla okuhlukile kwezehluka. I-Strategies ukuba ibhu lengxenye ihlanganisa ukuthuthukisa izinhlelo zengxoxo zengxoxo nezindawo ezingahambisani.

Izingcindezi Ezicindezelayo Negunya Lobugunya

Kwezinye imibuso yentando yeningi, abaholi be-publical bahlasele iphephandaba njengesitha sabantu, i-âשש inzondo ekhuthazayo kubantatheli. Emazweni anjengeHungary nePoland, ohulumeni baye bathumba izindikimba ezilawulayo futhi bacindezela izimemezelo zemithombo yezindaba ukuze bavumelane neqembu elibusayo. Lezizenzo zimelela uhlobo lokuphambuka kwentando yeningi lapho inkululeko yezokuxhumana incishiswa khona ngokuhlelekile. Ukucindezela kwezizwe zonke, izivikeli ezingokomthetho, kanye nenhlangano phakathi kwezintatheli zidingekile yokumelana nale nqubo.

Ukuhlola Izenzakalo Zemithombo Yezindaba Nentando Yeningi

Ukuhlola izibonelo ezithile zomlando nezanamuhla kuyasiza ekuvezeni ukudlala okuyinkimbinkimbi phakathi kwemithombo yezindaba nentando yeningi.

Ihlanekezelo Lamanzi

Ihlazo laseWatergate liseyisibonelo esinemininingwane se-quintesses esaziwa njengomagazini ophenyisiwe i-Ismââãã́s amandla okubeka icala likahulumeni. Ngo-1972, amadoda amahlanu aboshwa ngenxa yokugqekeza indlunkulu ye-Democratic Committee Committee eWatergate. Abaholi be-Bob Woodward noCarl Bernstein base Washington Post, beqondiswa umthombo owaziwa ngokuthi i-âââââââââgorot,â76at ngokuzikhandlayo afuna ukuqhekeka kwezikhulu eziphakeme ze-om kubaphathi be-Propolateds eNixon futhi ekugcineni kuMongamelist ngokwakhe. Ukubika kwabo uchungechunge kwabangela ukuzwakala kwezindlebe kwecala likaNéonânânâques ngo-ograces ngo-194061. Indaba ebekwe i-delist ingaveza ngisho nokuphakama kwezezentensi yezentensi enkulu yezentengiselwa.

Imithombo Yezindaba Nenani Labantu Abayithandayo

Indima yezenhlalo yokhetho lwezenhlala-khaya ku-2016 inikeza isixwayiso esikhulu. Izindaba zezentengiselwano ezinjenge Facebook, i-twitter, ne-YouTube zavumela abazokufaka phambili ukuba bashiye abagcini bamasango bezezindaba futhi baxhumane ngokuqondile novoti. Lokhu kuhlelwa kwe-democracycratic ye-posi kwaba nezinzuzo, kodwa futhi kwenza ukuba ukusakazeka okusheshayo kokususa umongameli. Ama-Russia asungula ama-projective aveza abantu abakhombayo kanye namakhasi athuthukisa ukuhlanganisa okuhlanganisa, ukufinyelela izigidi zamaMelika. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ihlazo lomthetho we-Cambridge Analytica waveza ukuthi izigidi zabasebenzisi be-Facebooka aye asetshenziselwa ukudlulisa izikhangiso zezombangazwe ezincane kakhulu. Imiphumela egqugquzelwayo yamandla okukhuthaza ukuvikelwa kwe-European Unionâprezedmial (DR) kanye nokuhlola kwezendaba efanayo.

I - Journalism Yasentwasahlobo Yama - Arabhu Nezakhamuzi

Ukuvukela okwabhebhetheka eMpumalanga Ephakathi naseNyakatho Afrika ngo-2010, kwabhebhethekiswa ngokwengxenye ngomakhalekhukhwini nezokuxhumana. Izintatheli zezakhamuzi zafaka izimpawu zokubhikisha, unya lwamaphoyisa, nokwehlukana kukahulumeni, zihlanganyela izintambo ezadlula imithombo yezindaba elawulwa uhulumeni. Izakhiwo ezifana neFacebook ne-Twitter zasebenza njengezokuhlela amathuluzi okufuna izinguquko zentando yeningi. Nokho, imiphumela ye-Arabiarian Spring yayixube: kuyilapho amanye amazwe abona ukuguqukela ekubusweni kwentando yeningi, amanye ehlela empini yombangokwawo noma ukuhlanganiswa kwe-ademorikha. Isenzakalo sigcizelela ukuthi nakuba imithombo yezokuxhumana ingagunyaza izinhlangano zentando yentando yeningi, akusona isimo esanele sokuzilawula intando yentando yeningi. Nokho, imiphumela efanayo yokuhlolwa komphakathi kungasetshenziswa ekuhlolweni kwezokuhlola nokusakaza.

Iziqondiso Zesikhathi Esizayo Zemithombo Yezindaba Nentando Yeningi

Uma sibheka phambili, izimo eziningana ziyothonya indlela imithombo yezindaba nentando yeningi okusebenzelana ngayo.abenzi bemithetho, izintatheli nezakhamuzi zonke zinendima okufanele zizenze ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi lobu buhlobo bufeza isithakazelo somphakathi.

Ukufunda Ngezinombolo Njengomshikashika

Imfundo yokufunda nokubhala iqala ukuxoxa ngamasu ayinkimbinkimbi okuchaza ama-discope ango-2020. Izikole kufanele zifundise abafundi ukuba baqonde imithombo yezindaba elawulwayo, baqonde ukukhokhela i-algorithric, futhi baqaphele umehluko phakathi kombono nezindaba. Ohulumeni nabangenzi nzuzo bangaxhasa imikhankaso yomphakathi efana naleyo esetshenziselwa impilo yomphakathi. Izwe elifana neFinland kakade selihlangene nezokufunda ezifundwe ngemva kwesikole, futhi impumelelo yalo inikeza abanye isibonelo.

Ukuqondisa Amithetho Nezici Zomthetho

Imithetho-mithetho enquma ukuthi iziphi izimemezelo abasebenzisi bezindaba abazibona zingezozobuthathi-hlangothi. Iklanyelwe ukuqinisekisa ukuthembisana, ngokuvamile ikhulisa okushubile noma okudukisayo. Ama-projekthi anjenge-European Unionââǒs Digital Servition Act ahlose ukuphoqa izibopho zokubona ngokucacile emapulatifomu amakhulu, ifuna ukuba bahlole izingozi zesimiso somsebenzi futhi bahlanganyele imininingwane nocwaningo. Ukuqinisekisa okuphumelelayo kuyoba bucayi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi le mithetho ifinyelele ithonya layo elihlosiwe.

Ukusekela Ukusakaza Imithombo Yezindaba Yomphakathi

Njengoba amaphephandaba endawo encipha, isidingo sama-root abika ngotshani asikaze sibe sikhulu. Ukuthatha izinyathelo zokubala i-panersâש hi xitalo ezingazuzisi futhi i-localấ́ problecters eshiywe yi-inquisition yezezindaba zenkampani. I-Platting njenge-Institute for Nonpiduction News ne-Local News Initive isekela le mizamo. Ukuxhasa ukuxhasa kwezimali nentela kungasiza ekulondolozeni izinhlobonhlobo zezindawo zezindawo zesikole ezihlanganisa izifunda, imikhandlu yedolobha, kanye nezindaba zomphakathi.

Ukuvumelana Nemibono Yomhlaba Wonke

Imithombo yezindaba nentando yeningi akuyona i-odoli. Ukuqonda indlela amazwe ahlukene alinganisela ngayo inkululeko ecindezelayo, imithetho, nezimiso zamasiko kunikeza izifundo eziwusizo. Ngokwesibonelo, i-BBC yenkonzo yomphakathi isakaza ngokwezimo zezentengiselwano zaseMelika. ENdiya, i-ââ tiiquations enkulu kakhulu yentando yeningi, indawo yezindaba egcwele kodwa ehlukene ikhona kanye nezisongelo ezikhulayo zokucindezela ukukhululeka. Ukuhlola komphakathi kusiza ekuboneni imikhuba engcono kakhulu futhi kuxwayise ngezingibe.

Isiphetho

Ukuhlangana kwemithombo yezindaba nentando yeningi kuseyindawo ebalulekile yokutadisha nokuthatha isinyathelo. Isimiso sezokuxhumana esikhululekile, esihlukene, nesinesibopho sibalulekile ekufundiseni izakhamuzi, ekubangeleni impikiswano yomphakathi, nasekuhloleni amandla. Ngokuphambene, idemokrati inikeza isivikelo esingokomthetho nezimiso zempucuko ezivumela ezokuxhumana ukuba zifeze lemisebenzi. Nokho ubuhlobo buntekenteke: ukuhlukanisa, ukuhlanganisa, ukuhlukanisa, ukuhlanganisa, ukubusa, nokucindezela kwempoqo kungakuqeda ngokushesha ukwethemba okuhlanganisa imithombo yezindaba nentando yeningi. Ngokufaka ekufundeni ulwazi, ukusekela ukuxhumana okuzimele, nokuhlela imithetho engokweziqululweni kwemithombo yezindaba, nokuhlela imithetho enengqondo, izinhlangano zezengaqinisa lobungane. Ikusasa lentando yentando yeningi lingaxhomeke kakhulu kulo.