Ukuqonda Isimiso Somthetho Sangaphakathi Nezimiso Zaso Ezingokomthetho

Isimiso somthetho womphakathi e-United States yigatsha lomthetho osingatha izingxabano zangasese phakathi kwabantu, amabhizinisi, noma ezinye izinhlangano. Ngokungafani nomthetho wobugebengu, lapho uhulumeni umangalela khona othile ngokwephula umthetho wobugebengu, umthetho womphakathi ugxila ekuxazululeni ukungaboni ngaso linye nokunikeza amakhambi cishe imbuyiselo yemali noma umsebenzi othile weqembu elilimele. Ukuqonda ukuthi lesimiso sisebenza kanjani kuyisinyathelo sokuqala esibalulekile ngaphambi kokuba senze noma isiphi isenzo.

Izenzakalo zombango zingavela ezimweni eziningi: isivumelwano esiphukile, ingozi yemoto, impi yendawo yokuhlala, impikiswano yempahla, noma indaba yomkhaya enjengesahlukaniso noma ilungelo lokuhlala nabantwana. Inqubo ilawulwa ngemithetho yenqubo yomphakathi, ehlukahluka ngegunya (isifunda noma i-guant), kanye nomthetho ophansi ochaza amalungelo nezibopho. Ukuqonda ngokuqinile kwalezizici eziyisisekelo kukusiza ukuba ufinyelele isimo sakho ngokuzilindele ngempela nangendlela enengqondo efanelekile.

Isizinda esinegunya esimisweni senkantolo yase-U.S., vakashela i- Office yokuphathwa kwezinkantolo zase-U.S..

Isinyathelo Sokuqala: Thola Impikiswano Engokomthetho Ngokumelene Nengozi

Ngaphambi kokuba usebenzise noma isiphi isimiso, kumelwe wazi kahle ukuthi ubhekene nenkinga enjani. Qala ngokubhala phansi amaqiniso: ukuthi ubani ohilelekile, ukuthi kwenzekani, nini, futhi yini imiphumela efunwayo. Khona - ke nquma ukuthi indaba yakho ingaphansi komthetho womphakathi yini. Ngokwesibonelo, uma umakhelwane enqaba ukubuyisela ummeli obolekile, lokho kuyimpikiswano yomphakathi (i-replevin noma inguquko), hhayi ukweba ubugebengu (ngaphandle kokuba umakhelwane weqile).

Izinhlobo Ezivamile Zengxabano Yombango

  • Izimpikiswano: Ukuncishiswa kwesivumelwano esilotshiwe noma esidluliselwa ngomlomo (umz., umakhi uyahluleka ukuqeda umsebenzi naphezu kokukhokha).
  • [ izimpikiswano ezingokwesisho:[ izingxabano ezingavumelaniyo, izingxabano zomninindlu, noma ukuthengiswa kwezindawo ezikhona kunephutha.
  • Izindaba zomthetho womkhaya:[ isehlukaniso, ukuwinwa kwezingane, ukusekela umntwana, ukutholwa, noma ubudlova basekhaya.
  • [[QULT:0] u-Tort: ukulimala komuntu siqu, ukunyundelwa, ukunganaki, noma ukulimala ngenhloso (umz., ukushelela nempophoma esitolo).
  • Isivikelo se-[FOL:0] Isivikelo se-Consumer:[ Ukukhwabanisa, ukukhokhwa kwezikweletu, noma ukwephulwa kwe-Fair Currence Reporting Act.

Isigaba ngasinye sinezimiso zaso zokulinganiselwa, − ukugcinwa kwecala. Ukungaqiniseki ngaleso sikhathi kungavimbela ukuzisholo kwakho unomphelo, ngakho phawula noma isiphi isilinganiso sesikhathi ngaphambi kwesikhathi.

Isinyathelo Sesibili: Hlanganisa Ukwaziswa Okusebenzayo Nobufakazi

Ubufakazi buwumgogodla wanoma iliphi icala lomphakathi. Iqembu elinomthwalo wobufakazi − ngokuvamile i-paltiff − kumelwe liboniswe ukwazisa ubufakazi [ [okungaphezu kuka-50%] [ngokunokwenzeka] ukuthi uhlobo lwalo lwezenzakalo luyiqiniso. Ukuqoqa imibhalo, izithombe, ama-imeyili, imiyalezo, izigijimi, izivumelwano, nokwaziswa kofakazi kuyagxeka.

Okumelwe Kuqoqwe

  • [ Izivumelwano ze-Written:[ isayinwe izivumelwano, izinhlamvu zenhloso, izinketho zenkonzo.
  • Correspondence: Imicu ye-imeyili, izinhlamvu, kanye nezingcingo zocingo eziqoshiwe (uma zisemthethweni esifundeni sakho).
  • Amarekhodi ezimali:[ Inivs, izitatimende zebhange, amasheke akhanselwe, ama-risidi.
  • amafoto noma amavidiyo: Umonakalo wempahla, izigcawu zengozi, imikhiqizo ekhubazekile.
  • [ Ukwaziswa koFakazi:[ Amagama, izinombolo zocingo, kanye nokufushaniswa okufushane kwalokho ufakazi ngamunye akuphawula.

Abantu abaningi balahlekelwa yizinto ezihambisana nezikhathi hhayi ngenxa yokuthi abanabo ubufakazi, kodwa ngenxa yokuthi babengenakukwazi ukuzenza ngendlela ehlelekile.

Isinyathelo 3: Funa Iseluleko Esingokomthetho Esiqotho

Nakuba ezinye iziphakamiso ezincane nezilula zingasingathwa ipro se (ngaphandle kommeli), izingxabano eziningi zomphakathi ziyazuza ekuqondiseni kochwepheshe. Ama-athorney ayazi imithetho ye-procedro, izindinganiso ezicacile, kanye namasu okuxoxa ageja njalo abantu abavamile. Ummeli olungileyo uyokunikeza ukuhlolwa okuqotho kwamandla nobuthakathaka, umehluko wezilingo noma amakhambi, kanye nezindleko zokulahlekelwa kwemali.

Indlela Yokuthola Ummeli Ofanele

  • Cela abangane, umkhaya noma ochwepheshe ukuba bakutshele ukuthi uyamethemba (isimo, umgcini - zincwadi wakho noma ummeleli wezindawo).
  • Sebenzisa izinkonzo zokuxhumana ze-parel, ngokuvamile ezinikeza ukuhlola kokuqala okungabizi kakhulu.
  • Hlola ama-ifayili kulayini njenge-Marindale-Hubbell ukuze uthole ukubukeza kontanga nomlando wokuyala.
  • Buza ngokuhlangenwe nakho kwabo ngezifo ezifanayo, izakhiwo zemali (amahora amaningi) kanye ne - algline.

Uma ungenayo imali yokuthenga ummeli, funa usizo lwezosizo ezingokomthetho endaweni yakini noma emitholampilo yesikole enikeza izinkonzo zamahhala noma ezinciphisa izisulu.

Isinyathelo 4: Cabangela Enye Impikiswano Ngaphambi Kokukhuluma Amanga

Ukuya enkantolo kuyabiza, kunika isikhathi esiningi, futhi kuyakhathaza ngokomzwelo. Izingxabano eziningi zingaxazululwa ngezwi lesinqumo elihlukile (ADR) izindlela ezinjengokukhipha, ukuhlanganisa, noma umthetho obambisanayo. I-ADR ivame ukushesha, inciphe, futhi inciphise kakhulu, futhi inikeza izigaba zombili amandla omphumela.

Isiphazamiso

Ezokuxhumana, iqembu lesithathu elingathathi hlangothi (umlamuleli) lisiza izigigaba ukuba zikwazi ukuxhumana futhi zifinyelele isivumelwano sokuzithandela. Umlamuleli akanqumi icala; nawe uyalinquma. i-media iyimfihlo futhi ingasetshenziswa ngisho nangemva kokuba icala seliqulwe. Izinkantolo eziningi zidinga ukuqulwa ngaphambi kokuqulwa kwecala.

Ukudluliselwa Kwezindawo

Ukuhlanganisa kungokomthetho kakhulu: amacala anikeza ubufakazi kumphathi (noma kuhlu) okhipha isinqumo esibophayo noma esingabophiyo. Izivumelwano eziningi zihlanganisa izinombolo ezibophayo, okusho ukuthi uliphuca ilungelo lakho lokukhokha enkantolo. Qiniseka ukufunda umbhalo obhalwe kahle.

Izinzuzo Ze - ADR

  • Imiphumela: Igwema intela yommeli yokuthola nokuhlola umsebenzi omkhulu.
  • Isinqumo esiphinda-phindiwe: ukulungisa kungahlelwa phakathi kwamasonto kunezinyanga noma iminyaka.
  • Inqubo yokuzifihla: ngokungafani namarekhodi enkantolo, i-ADR iyimfihlo.
  • igcina ubuhlobo:[ I-acturigaring kune-ligation, ebaluleke kakhulu ezingxabanweni zomkhaya noma zebhizinisi.

Uma i - ADR ihluleka, usenalo ukhetho lokufaka icala lamacala − kodwa uyolidlulisela ngokwaziswa okungcono futhi mhlawumbe nendaba encane.

Isinyathelo Sesihlanu: Ukusho Umthetho Ongasimangalelayo – Ukunqanda Ukukhononda

Uma ukuxoxisana ne-ADR kungaholeli emphumeleni owanelisayo, isinyathelo esilandelayo siwukuqala isinyathelo esingokomthetho. Lokhu ukwenza ngokufaka complatt[ [kanye isicelo noma isimemezelo] nenkantolo efanele. Isikhalo kumelwe sikhiphe imingcele, siphawule amacala, sinikeze izikhalo eziyiqiniso, futhi sibhale uhlu lweziphakamiso ezingokomthetho (izizathu zesenzo) kanye nosizo olufunayo (isijeziso, isahlulelo, isahlulelo sokuthathela amaza, njalo njalo).

Izingxenye Eziyinhloko Zesikhalo

  • Juristition: Inkantolo kumele ibe negunya endabeni yendaba (umz., inkantolo kahulumeni yemithetho ehlukene noma amacala ahlanganisa umthetho kahulumeni) kanye negunya lomuntu siqu kummangalelwa.
  • Izindawo ezicacile, qamba i-pacttiff (s) nommangalelwa. Uma kuhileleke ibhizinisi, hlanganisa nenhlangano elungile engokomthetho (umz., “ABC Corp.” hhayi“ inkampani”.
  • [[IQUMT:0] Amafaktheli:[ Ilandisa indaba evumelanayo ngezigaba ezinenombolo. Gwema iziphetho ezingokomthetho; gxila kulokho okwenzekile.
  • [[NTL:0] IClaims zokukhululeka: Uma uthola imbangela ngayinye yesenzo (isiqalo sesivumelwano, ukunganaki, njll.) bese usho umonakalo noma amanye amakhambi aceliwe.
  • Isignesha kanye noqiniso: Ezinye izifundazwe zidinga ukukhononda okungagunyazwa noma okusayinwa ngesijeziso sokuqamba.

Ngemva kokuhlela, kumelwe uhlele ukuba kusetshenziswe inqubo", ukuhambisa ikhophi yesikhalo kanye nesicelo kummangalelwa. Lokhu kunikeza ummangalelwa isaziso esingokomthetho nethuba lokuphendula phakathi nesikhathi esimisiwe (ngokuvamile izinsuku ezingu-21-30).

Isinyathelo 6: Inqubo Yokuthola I - projekthi – Ukwaziswa Okusha

Ukuvubukulwa kuyisigaba esingokomthetho sangaphambi kwenkundla lapho izinhlangothi zombili ziqoqana khona ubufakazi kumacala ahlukene nawamasithathu. Kuklanyelwe ukuvimbela ukumangala lapho kuqulwa futhi kuncishiswe izimpikiswano. Ukuthungathwa kokwaziswa kungaba kukhulu ezimweni eziyinkimbinkimbi futhi kungabi nazimpikiswano ezitheni.

Izinhlobo Zamathuluzi Okuthola

  • [[IMIFUNDO:0] Imibuzo elotshiwe okumelwe aphikisane nayo ayiphendule ngaphansi kwesifungo. Ngokuvamile ilinganiselwe ku 25 noma ku-30 yemibuzo.
  • Izicelo zokuveza: Isidingo sokuhlola nokukopisha amabhukwana, amarekhodi emishini, noma izinto ezingokoqobo.
  • Izimo:[ Imibuzo yomlomo yeqembu elithile noma ufakazi, ebhalwe yintatheli yasenkantolo. Ubufakazi bokukhipha umbiko ungasetshenziswa ukunikeza ubufakazi enkantolo noma njengobufakazi uma ufakazi engekho.
  • [ Izimemo zokugunyaza: izinkulumo ezithi umphikisi kumelwe avume noma aphike, isiza ekutholeni amaqiniso angaphikwa.

Ukuthola kunemingcele futhi. Izinkantolo ziphoqelela imithetho emelene nokuhlukunyezwa, izicelo ezibanzi, noma izinto eziyigugu (umzk., ukuxhumana okuwummeli). Uma ummeli ehluleka ukuvumelana ne-athom, ungafaka i-applet ukuze uphoqelelwe, futhi inkantolo ingabeka izijeziso.

Isinyathelo Sesi - 7: Ukuqulwa Uvivinyo – Ukuveza Isimo Sakho

Uma icala lingaxazululeki phakathi nokutholakala noma emhlanganweni wangaphambi kwenkantolo, inqunyelo ingaba ukuqulwa kwecala ebhentshini (ukwahlulela ngesinqumo) noma ukuqulwa kwamajaji (ukunquma amaqiniso, ukunquma umthetho). Lenqubo ilandela uhlelo oluhlelwe kahle.

Izinduna Zokuqulwa Kwecala Kwasembusweni Wasezweni

  • Izinkulumo ezivulayo:[ Ummeli ngamunye unikeza ukubukezwa okufushane kobufakazi ababunikezayo. Lokhu akuwona ubufakazi ngokwabo, kodwa i-map.
  • i-Platotiff’s profile-mor: Ufakazi oyisimemezelo, imibukiso, kanye nokwethula ubufakazi. Ummangalelwa anganqamule i-examine ufakazi ngamunye.
  • [ Indaba-kaDefentant: Ngemva kokuhlala kwe-paltiff, ummangalelwa unikeza ubufakazi babo nofakazi, okwazi ukunqamuleka ngomdwebi.
  • Izimpikiswano ezivezayo: Izinga ngalinye lifingqa ubufakazi futhi liphikisa ukuthi kungani umahluleli noma amajaji kufanele alawule ngokuvumelana nabo.
  • Iziyalezo eziqinile kanye nokuzicabangela: Umahluleli ufundisa abahluleli umthetho okumelwe bawusebenzise. Amajaji abese ekhipha isinqumo ngamabomu futhi abuyisele isinqumo. Ecaleni lebhentshi, umahluleli ukhipha isinqumo esilotshiwe noma esishiwo ngomlomo.

Ukulingwa kungathatha amahora ambalwa (ukufuna izinto ezincane) kuze kube amasonto amaningana (ikhasimende lezentengiselwano elihambisanayo).

Isinyathelo 8: Ukuhamba Nokukhanga Kwangemva Komsindo

Isinqumo asisona ngaso sonke isikhathi isiphelo. Umkhandlu olahlekile angafaka izimpawu zangemva kokwahlulela ucele inkantolo ukuba ibeke eceleni noma ilungise ukwahlulela. Izenzo ezivamile zihlanganisa ukusabela ekwahluleleni naphezu kwesinqumo[ (ukuvuma ukuthi akukho bahluleli abanengqondo ababengafinyelela kuleso siphetho) noma ukusabela kovivinyo olusha [[ (esekelwe emaphutheni, ekwakhenini, noma ekwakheni okubi).

Inqubo Yokukhanga

Uma inqubo yangemva kwecala iphikiswa, umkhandlu olahlekile ungadlulisa icala enkantolo ephakeme. Ukudluliswa kwecala akuyona inkantolo ephakeme; ukubukezwa kombhalo ogciniwe wecala ngamaphutha angokomthetho. Inkantolo ye-appellate ingaqinisekisa, ibuye iphendule, noma i-expand (emuva) icala. Izikhalo zinemithetho eqinile emisiwe (ngokuvamile izinsuku ezingu-30) futhi idinga ukubhalwa kafushane okucaphuna igunya elingokomthetho.

Ukuze uthole incazelo eningiliziwe yenqubo ye-appellate, bheka U.S. izinkantolo ekhasini ekudluliseleni .

Amacebiso Awusizo Ekuthatheni Isinyathelo Ngasinye

Lawula Amathemba Nezindleko

Ukuqamba imilomo kuyabiza. Izindleko zokukhokha intela, izindleko zenkantolo, izindleko zobufakazi ezikhokhelwayo, nezindleko zokuthola izinto ezikhona zinezela ngokushesha. Ngisho noma ungawina, ukuthola isahlulelo kungaba nzima uma ummangalelwa engenazo izinto.

Bhala Yonke Into Ebhalwe Encwadini

Kunzima ukufakazela izivumelwano zokubhala nge-apply. Uma kungenzeka, qinisekisa izingxoxo ezibalulekile kuyi-imeyili noma encwadini. Uma kufanele uthembele kucingo, landela nge-imeyili efingqiwe: “Njengoba sixoxe...” Lokhu kwenza umbhalo obhaliwe ongawusebenzisa njengobufakazi noma ukuvuselela inkumbulo yakho.

Ukuqonda Indima Yenkantolo Encane

Kunezingxabano ezihilela isilinganiso esincane (ngokuvamile ezingaphansi kuka $5 000 kuya ku-R150 000, kuye ngokwezwe), izikhangiso ezincane zinikeza ukhetho olulula, oluphansi. Akukho mmeli odingekayo, futhi imithetho yobufakazi iyaphumula. Izikhulu eziningi ezizimelelayo ziyaphumelela lapho.

Yazi Isikhathi Sokuhlala

Ngisho necala eliqinile lingalahleka ngenxa yejaji elinganozwela, ukuphambuka okungalindelekile, noma ubufakazi obungalindelekile. Uma olunye uhlangothi lwenza icebo elinengqondo lokukhokha, kucabangele ngokungathi sína. Izivumelwano zokuzinza zingaklanywa ukuze kuxazululwe lempikiswano ngaphandle kokuvuma iphutha, futhi ngokuvamile zihlanganisa izisho eziyimfihlo.

Imithombo Yengcebo Eyengeziwe

  • Imithetho ye-Federal ye-Procedieture ka- - Umthombo ongokomthetho wendlela amacala omphakathi kahulumeni aphathwa ngayo: ustouts.gov/imithetho-polics.
  • American Bar Association Isiqondiso sokuhlanganisa i-Litigation - Iseluleko esiwusizo kubagwebi abangewona ama-odoli: i-americanbar. org.
  • Athola umthetho we-Civil Cancel's Center - Izihloko ezikhuluma ngezindaba ezivamile zomphakathi nezimiso zikahulumeni eziqondeneyo: sfimplag.com[.
  • National Association of Consumer Readers - Kulabo ababhekene nezingxabano zomphakathi ezihlobene nomphakathi: i-consumendadvocates. org.

Isiphetho

Ukumisa isimiso somthetho wesizwe kuyinselele, kodwa kuba okungalawuleka uma usenza sicace, sibe yizinyathelo eziyisisekelo. Ngokubona ukuthi uyavuma ukuqoqa ubufakazi obungokomthetho, ukufuna iseluleko, ukuhlola i-ADR, ukuqunga icala, ukuthatha icala, ukuthatha isinyathelo sokuthola, ukuqulwa kwecala, futhi uma kudingekile, isigaba ngasinye sidinga ukunaka imininingwane nokuhlola okungokoqobo kwemithombo yakho kanye nemigomo. Ngokulandela lendlela eqinile nempahla ekhona, ungahamba ngesimiso ngethemba elikhulu futhi uthuthukise amathuba akho enqubwebweni. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uyisithano sokuqala noma ungumuntu osebenza ngempikiswano ephindaphindwayo engokomthetho, ukulungiselela nokubekezela okuqinile.