Ukushushumbisa abantu kuhlala kungomunye wemithetho eqinile yokunqanda amalungelo abantu, ethinta amashumi ezinkulungwane zabantu e-United States unyaka ngamunye. Nakuba izinhlangano zikahulumeni ezifana ne-Department of Justice and Homeland Security Investigations zifeza indima evelele ezimweni eziphakeme, izinhlangano zomthetho ziwumgogodla wokuvimbela ukunqanda ukunqanda ukuThinwa kwesimilo. Ngokuvamile zingabantu bokuqala ukubhekana nezisulu ezima emgwaqweni, phakathi nokugada okuvamile, noma ngezihloko zezakhamuzi ezihilelekile. Umsebenzi wezwe nowamaphoyisa endawo, izikhulu zikahulumeni, izikhulu zemisebenzi ekhethekile zigxeka ukuhlukanisa nokususa izinhlangano zokuhweba, ukusindisa abasinda, nokuphatha imithetho engokomthetho engokomthetho. Lesi sihloko sinikeza ukuhlolwa okugunyazwe kwemithetho evimbela ukushushumbisa ukushushuliswa kwemithetho yokushushumbisa ukushushuliswa kwemithetho, izinhlelo zeze zemithetho engokomthetho, izinhleloni ezingokomthetho, zisebenzisa izinhlelo ezingokomthetho zokulwayo, ezibhekene.

Indima Yomthetho KaHulumeni Ophoqelelwayo

Izinhlangano eziqinisekisa ukugcinwa komthetho kahulumeni zisebenza njengendawo ephambili ekulweni nokushushumbiswa kwabantu. Ngenxa yokuthi ukushushumbisa kuvame ukuvela ngokusobala `imotel, izikhungo zokubhucungwa, amapulazi, amafektri, nezindawo zokuhlala zangasese − indawo kanye nezikhulu zikahulumeni zibekwe ngokukhethekile ukuba zibone futhi zisabele. Ezimisweni eminingi, lezi zikhungo ziye zasungula izilinganiso ezinikezelwe noma amabutho emisebenzi aqeqeshelwe ngokukhethekile ukuqaphela izingcazelo zomsebenzi nokushushumbisa ubulili. Umsebenzi wazo uqala ngokuhlola, kulandelwa ngokuhlola ngokucophelela, ukuhlengwa kwezisulu, nokubambisana nabashushisi nezinkonzo.

Imithwalo Yemfanelo Yokuqala Esabelayo

Uma kufika ucingo ngokuqondene nesimo esisolayo .Awusencane ophelezelwa umuntu omdala osekhulile emile emotweni, noma izisebenzi ezihlala ezimweni eziminyene ngemva kwesitolo sokudla `amasosha'' noma amanxusa esifundazwe yiwona aqalayo ukufika. Ukuphawula kwabo kokuqala nokusebenzelana kungaveza noma kuqede icala lokuthengisa. Amanxusa amaningi ombuso manje agunyaza amasu okuxoxa ngokuhlukumezeka okusha okusebenza ukuze agweme abasebenzi abashaqisi lapho eqoqa ubufakazi obubalulekile. Izinhlelo zokuqeqesha zigcizelela ukuthi abashushumbisi ngokuvamile balawula izisulu ngokuphoqelelwa, ngokukhwaba, noma ukuphoqelelwa, futhi izisulu zingamamela ukuzenzela uvalo, amahlazo, noma ukungathemba umthetho. Njengomphumela, abantu bokuqala abaphendulayo bafundiswa ukubheka izimpawu ezicashisiwe: ukuntula izimpawu, ukuvinjwa, ukuvinjwa, izimpawu zokusetshenziswa kwemishini.

Amacebo Okuhlola

Izinhlangano eziqinisekisa ukugcinwa komthetho kahulumeni zisebenzisa izindlela eziningi eziyinkimbinkimbi zokulwa nokushushumbisa. Ukusebenza ngokufihla kuvamile emacaleni ahilela ukushushumbiswa kwezokulala nge-intanethi, lapho izikhulu zisebenza njengabathengi noma abashushumbisi kumawebhusayithi ezokuxhumana. Imishini efaka imishini yomthetho isiza ekuhleleni ukusebenza kweminyango yokuthengisa. Ngokuqhubekayo, izinhlangano ezisebenzisa izinombolo ze-akhawunsi ukuze zihlole omakhalekhukhwini, ama-computer, namarekhodi emali. Ngokwesibonelo, abacwaningi bahlola izinombolo, imiyalezo, nokukhokha iziteshi ukuze bavule ukuthulula ubuhlobo phakathi kwabashushuthi nezisulu, noma ukulandelela ukugeleza kwemali evela emicimbi yezokuhweba engekho emthethweni. Amathuluzi okuhlola asetshenziswa ekuchazeni kwezindlela zezokuxhumana ezikhona emahotela emadolobheni amaningi noma ezikhankameni angaphandle ezihlanganisa ukuhwezwa kwabantu ngabanye emadolo ngalinye.

Enye indlela yokuhlola isihluthulelo uphengululo. Ngokulandela imali, izinhlangano zikahulumeni zingaphazamisa amabhizinisi okuhweba ngokwezimali. Imithetho emisiwe ivumela izinhlangano ukuba zithathe izimoto, amabhange, nempahla eziyithola ngokushushumbisa, zincishe izigebengu inzuzo yazo nokuphoqelelwa kwezimali. Ezinye izifundazwe ziye zakha amaqembu obugebengu obukhethekile asebenza ngaphandle kwabaseshi abasebenza ngokulandelela ukuhwebelana ngamakhadi akhokhelwayo, i-ecppocurper, i-eplustration, kanye nezinkampani ezikhokhelayo.

Ukusekelwa Nokutakulwa

Ukubuyisela izisulu kuyinhloso eyinhloko yanoma yikuphi ukuphenya. Izinhlangano zezomthetho eziphoqelela ukugcinwa kwemithetho zihlangana eduze nabasizi benkonzo yezisulu ukuze ziqinisekise ukuthi abasindile bathola indawo yokukhosela esheshayo, ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha, ukukhokha ngokomthetho, kanye nokuphatha amakhambi. Ezizweni eziningi, izikhulu ziqeqeshelwa ukulandela indlela yokuzingela ebekelwe isisulu, okusho ukuthi ukuphepha nokuhlala kahle kwabasindi kuthatha izinhloso zokuqulwa. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukunikeza izinkonzo zokuchaza ulimi, ukuhlela izindlu eziphuthumayo, nokuxhumanisa abasizi ngokusekela isikhathi eside, njengokunikeza iseluleko nomsebenzi.

Ezinye izinhlangano zikahulumeni ziye zamisa imithetho ekhethekile yokuhlenga izisulu ezihlengiwe. Ngokwesibonelo, eTexas, iDepartment of Public Safety isebenzisa i-Human Trafficing Unit esebenza neHhovisi loMbusi neHhovisi loMphathi-mikhosi we-Attorney ukuze ziqondise imisebenzi yokuhlenga nokusiza abasebenzi abaphunyukileyo. Ngokufanayo, eFlorida, umsebenzi wezwe lonke uhlanganisa umxhumanisi wenkonzo yezisulu oqinisekisa ukuthi wonke umuntu osinda unikezwa iqoqo lemithombo yemali elibanzi. Lezi zinyathelo zivuma ukuthi abaphuzi bebhizinisi ngokuvamile babhekana nezingozi eziyinkimbinkimbi //izingozi zengozi, ukusetshenziswa kwemisebe, ukusetshenziswa kwemitho, nokuvinjwa okungokomthetho okudinga ukusabela okuncumisayo.

Ukusebenza Ngomthetho Nezinselele Zokuphoqelelwa

Ukugcinwa kokuthengiswa kwabantu akukho eMthethweni owenziwe ngokungenalutho; kulolongwa imithetho echaza ubugebengu futhi inike izingane izijeziso. Kusukela ekuqaleni kowama - 2000, wonke umbuso uye wamisa imithetho yobugebengu ekhuluma ngokuqondile ngokushushumbisa komuntu, ethatha ukuncika emithethweni kahulumeni njenge-Fraccung Maxmals Confix Protection Act. Lemithetho kahulumeni ivame ukunikeza abashushisi bendawo amathuluzi engeziwe, kuhlanganise nezijeziso ezikhushuliwe zokushushumbisa izingane, ikhono lokulahla izinkolelo zezisulu eziphoqelelwe ukuba zingene emsebenzini wobugebengu, kanye namalungiselelo okukhokha nokulahlekelwa.

Imithetho Emelene Nombuso

Imininingwane yemithetho kahulumeni emelene nokushushumbisa iyahlukahluka, kodwa ihlanganyela izici ezifanayo. Ukushushumbisa kwabantu kuchazwa njengokujoyina, ukuthwala, ukuthutha, ilungiselelo, noma ukuthola umuntu ophoqelelwe ukusebenza noma ubulili obungokwezentengiselwano ngokusebenzisa impoqo, ukukhohlisa, noma ukuphoqelela. Izingane ezincane, ukuphoqelelwa akudingeki ezicatshangelweni zokushushumbisa ubulili; noma isiphi isenzo sobulili esihilela umntwana sibhekwa njengokushushumbisa. Imibuso eminingi futhi inemithetho ephula umthetho engekho emthethweni yokuthenga ubulili ezisulwini ezisusweni zokushushumbisa ukuhweba, ukubeka icala elingokomthetho. Ezinye izigaba, njengeCalifornia neNew York, ziye zaqhubeka ngokumisa imithetho efuna amabhizinisi ukuba adalule imizamo yawo yokuthengisa emakentekweni ayo, nangokumisa izimbangela zezenzo zomphakathi zokuhweba kwabantu abashushumbisi.

Imithetho yoMbuso futhi idala izinqubo zokusekela abasinda. Ngokwesibonelo, izifundazwe eziningi ziye zadlulisa “itheku elilondekile” eliphatha izingane ezixhashazwa ngokushushumbiswa njengezisulu kunokuba zikhohlise izingane, ziziqondise ezinhlanganweni zenhlalakahle nesivikelo esikhundleni sesimiso sokwahlulela sezingane. Ezinye izifunda-mazwe zinemithetho evumela abasindile ukuba bathathe noma bashiye amarekhodi obugebengu angenabudlova abekwe ngenxa yokudukiswa ngokuqondile, njengezinkolelo zobufebe. Lezinguquko ezingokomthetho zibalulekile ekusizeni abasindileyo ukuba baqhubekele phambili ngaphandle kwecala lomthetho wobugebengu.

Izinselele Ekuzishushiseni

Naphezu kwemithetho eqinile, ukumangalela amacala abantu okushushumbisa ezingeni lombuso kuhlala kunzima. Izinhlangano zokushushumbisa zifihla ngamabomu, ngokuvamile zisebenza ngaphesheya kwezifunda nombuso ukuze zigweme ukubanjwa. Izisulu ngokuvamile ziyanqikaza ukubambisana namaphoyisa ngenxa yokwesaba ukuphindisela kwabashushukisi, ukungathembani kwesimiso somthetho wobugebengu, noma ukubopha izinhlu zezephulamthetho. Imingcele yolimi, izimiso zamasiko, kanye nesimo sokufuduka nazo zibangela uphenyo olunzima; izisulu zokushushumbisa izimpahla zingasesaba ukuxoshwa ngisho nalapho zinelungelo lokungena ekhaya ngaphansi komthetho kahulumeni, njengeT noma i-U visavse.

Enye inselele iyindlela yokudayisa izimali. Icala elilodwa lingadinga ukuqapha izinyanga eziningi, izingxoxo eziningi zofakazi, nokuhlaziywa kobufakazi be-tenabytes bobuchwepheshe bemishini. Izinhlangano eziningi zikahulumeni zibhekene nemingcele yezimali elinganisela inani labaseshi abebelwe ukushushumbisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngoba ukushushumbisa ngokuvamile kuhambisana nobugebengu obufana nokushushumbisa izidakamizwa, ukuphanga imali, nokusebenza kwamaqembu.

Abashushisi futhi babambana nezithiyo ezisobala. Abathuthi ngokuvamile bagcina amandla aqinile okulawula izisulu ngezindlela ezingezona ezingokomzimba, njengokusebenzisa izikweletu ngokwengqondo nokugqilazwa izikweletu, okungaba nzima ukuzibonakalisa enkantolo kunamandla angokomzimba adlulele. Amajaji angase angajwayelene nezinga eliguquguqukayo lokushushumbisa, okufuna abashushisi ukuba bachithe isikhathi esiphawulekayo ekunikezeni ubufakazi obungochwepheshe nokulungiselela izisulu. Noma kunjalo, imithetho yombuso evumela ubufakazi bokushushumbisa, noma leyonto eguqula imithwalo ethile yobufakazi, iye yasiza ekulondolozeni izinkolelo.

Ukuqeqeshwa Nokuthuthwa Kwemithombo Yezinto

Ziqaphela lezi zinselele, izinhlangano eziningi zomthetho eziqeqeshiwe zifaka imali eningi ekuqeqesheni nasekutholeni amaqembu akhethekile. ISikhungo se-Homeland Security’s Blue Campaign sinikeza iziyalezo ze-inthane nemisebenzi ye-inthanethi eziye zathathwa ngesihle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlangano ezifana i-Polaris [[FLT]] inikeza ukwaziswa kanye nosizo lobuchwepheshe ukuze kukhuliswe ukutholwa nokuphendulwa. Izigaba eziningi zilondoloza ukuqeqeshwa kwazo siqu okuye kwabaphathi abasemthethweni njengabaphehlisi babantu. Isibonelo, iGeorgia State Patrol ifuna ukuba bonke bangeniswe ukuze baqaphele futhi baqaphele ukushushuliswa kwabantu, kuyilapho i-California eMgangathweni yokuKhuluzwa kwe-Prostment (STST) izikhulu zeze izikhathiso zeze iziging, izingxoxo ezingokomthetho, izingxoxo ezingokomthetho, nezinhlolwayo.

Nokho, ukwabiwa kwemithombo yezemali akukalingani. Izindawo zasemaphandleni ngokuvamile azinamali yokwabela izikhulu zesikhathi esigcwele umsebenzi omelene nokuthuthwa kwemisebenzi, kunalokho zithembele emabuthweni ezindawo axhaswe yiminikelo kahulumeni. Ihhovisi le-Oficial of Crime (OVC) ne-Bureau of Justice Consolation (BJA) enikeza imvume yokuba izinhlangano zikahulumeni ziqashe izisebenzi, izimpahla, nemisebenzi yokuqhuba. Izimali eziqinile zibalulekile ekulondolozeni intuthuko yemizamo yokusebenza, ikakhulukazi njengoba abashushumbisi bezihambelana namaqhinga amasha okuqinisekisa umthetho.

Ukubambisana Nokuhlanganyela Komphakathi

Ayikho inkampani engalwa nokushushumbisa abantu iyodwa. Ukuphoqelelwa okuphumelelayo kuxhomeke ekuxhumaneni phakathi kokugcinwa komthetho, abashushisi, izinkonzo zezenhlalakahle, abanakekela impilo, kanye nabasekeli bomphakathi. Izinhlangano zikahulumeni ziye zathatha indlela yokuqondisa amaqembu ngokuphindiwe, ziletha ubuchwepheshe obuhlukahlukene ukuze zibhekane nazo zonke izici zokushushumbisa kusukela ekuhloleni ukusinda ekululameni.

Amandla Omsebenzi Nokubambisana Okuhlukahlukene

Izifundazwe eziningi ziye zasungula amabutho okuhweba abantu ahlanganisa abameleli abavela emaphoyiseni, esifundazweni, abameli besifunda, amanxusa kahulumeni (njenge-FBI kanye ne-HSI), kanye nezinhlangano ezingezona ezohulumeni. La mabutho asebenzayo ahlangana njalo ukuze ahlanganyele ubuhlakani, uphenyo, nokubambisana kwemisebenzi ehlangene. Ngokwesibonelo, i-Shoppton State Human Traffaick Bactic Force [[[[FLLT:1]] ihlanganisa izinhlangano ezingu 40 ezikanye nezikanye nezisulu, esebenzisa indlela yokuthola abashushuthi nabasizi ababambene. Amandla asebenza njengeqonga lokulungisa izivumelwano zokusabela ngokushesha nokuziphethe imiphakathi elula, njengabathuthi ababaleka, abantu abafudukile, abahlala emakhaya, nabantu abahlala kwamanye amazwe, abahlala kwamanye amazwe, nabantu abahlala ngaphandle.

Ukubambisana okuhlukahlukene kudlulela ezingeni likahulumeni. Nakuba imithetho kahulumeni inikeza isisekelo samacala amaningi, amacala kahulumeni ngokuvamile athwala imigwebo emide futhi avumele ukuphenya okunqamule-juristional. Izinhlangano zomthetho kahulumeni zisebenza njalo ne-U.S. Actorneys’s Office ukuze kubonwe ukuthi icala kufanele limangalelwe noma libekwe enkantolo kahulumeni. Kwezinye izimo, iziphathimandla nohulumeni bahlola izinhlangano, ukwabelana imithombo nobuchwepheshe bokuchitha izikhangiso ezinkulu zokuthengisa. I-FBI’s Innocence Lostive National Incopection, egxila ekushushumbiseni ubulili basekhaya, ngokuvamile ihilela umbuso nokugcinwa komthetho enkantolo yomthetho ezindaweni ezithile okuphumela ekuthuthukiseni abantwana nasekuboshweni kwemisheni kwabashushunisi bezinto.

Imikhumbi Ebambisana Nabanikazi Benkonzo

Ngaphandle kobudlelwano obungokomthetho bokugcinwa komthetho, izinhlangano zikahulumeni zibambisana nezinhlangano ezingezona ezohulumeni (NGOS) ezinikeza izinkonzo eziqondile kwabasindi abashushumbiswa. Izinhlangano ezinjenge-Savity Army, amaKatolika Charities, kanye nezikhungo zendawo ezibhekene nokudlwengulwa ngokuvamile zinethemba elijulile emiphakathini yabafokazi nasezindaweni ezihlukene, zizenza abangane abayigugu ekuboneni izisulu ebezingahlala zifihliwe. Izinhlangano zomthetho zinganikeza izikhombisa kulezi zinhlangano futhi, zithole ukuqeqeshwa kwezenzo zokukhubazeka ezisekelwe ochwepheshe beNGO.

Ezinye izinhlangano zikahulumeni ziye zafaka abasekeli bezisulu eziqoqweni zazo zophengululo. Ngokwesibonelo, izimali ze-Ofisi General ye-Colorado Atttorney uhlelo lapho abasekeli bezisulu bezinhlangano zomphakathi behamba khona kanye nokugcinwa komthetho phakathi nokuhweba, beqinisekisa ukuthi abasindile baxhunyaniswa ngokushesha nezinkonzo futhi amazwi abo azwakala enqubweni yokuhlola. Le sibonelo esiqinile sinciphisa usizi lwezingxoxo zezisulu futhi sithuthukisa izinga lobufakazi obuqoqiwe, njengoba abasinda bengase bakhulunyelwe kakhulu lapho bezwa ukuthi basekela.

Isivumelwano somphakathi sihlanganisa nemikhankaso yokuqapha umphakathi ekhuthaza izakhamuzi ukuba ziqaphele futhi zibike ngokungenwa kwazo. Izinhlangano zikahulumeni zisakaza izinto ngezilimi eziningi, ziqhube izintshumayelo ezikoleni nasezindaweni zomphakathi, futhi zigcine imigqa enikeza imvume engaziwayo yokubika. I-National Human Trafficing Hotline (1 888-33-788) iyinsiza eyinhloko ekhuthazwa yizinhlangano eziningi zikahulumeni; izingcingo nezindlela zingathunyelwa kuleyo ndawo esemthethweni.

Ukuvimbela Nemizamo Yokuqaphela Umphakathi

Nakuba ukuqashelwa kwamaphoyisa nokusekelwa izisulu kubalulekile, izinhlangano eziningi zomthetho zihileleke kakhulu ekuvimbeleni. Imizamo yokuvimbela ukuvimbela ukungenwa kwemithetho esemthethweni ihlela ukunciphisa imishini abashushumbisi abayisebenzisayo, njengobumpofu, ukungabi namakhaya, ukusebenzisa izinto eziphazamisayo, nokungafundi. Abaphathi bezesikole kanye namanxusa kahulumeni avame ukuhlanganyela ezimisweni zesikole ezifundisa abafundi ngokuphepha kolayini kanye nezingozi zokuzilungisa. Basebenza futhi ngemboni yokungenisa izihambi eziqeqeshela izisebenzi zasehhotela ukuqaphela izimpawu zokushushumbisa, kanye nokungafundiswa kwezinhlangano ezihamba ngezindlela ezinjengayedwa ezithi [[FLT:]] Actruckers ezifundisa abashayeli abashayeli abamelene ne-Fogrank [[FLT][FLT]]

Eminye imibuso iye yamisa imithetho efuna ukuba amabhizinisi athile asebenze njengezindawo zokubhucungwa, izinzipho zezipikili, kanye namabhange − amalayisense okuhlola angaveza imisebenzi yokuhweba. Izinhlangano zikahulumeni zihlola lezi zindlela ngokubambisana nemishini yezisebenzi nezikhungo zokusebenza. EFlorida, iDepartment of Agriculture and Consumer Services isebenza ngokufaka umthetho wokuhlola amabhizinisi aziwa ngokuhweba, ukuqinisekisa ukuvumelana nemithetho kahulumeni kanye nokususa imisebenzi engekho emthethweni.

Ukuqapha komphakathi kuyindlela yokuvimbela. Ngokufundisa umphakathi ngeqiniso lokushushumbisa komuntu − ukuthi akuyona nje inkinga ekude kodwa kwenzeka emapulazini, emapulazini, nasemakhayeni abantu ngokwemvelo − amanxusa ezwe angandisa inani lamacebiso awatholayo. Amawebhusayithi amaningi angokombuso aveza ukwaziswa okuphathelene nezimpawu zokushushumbisa nendlela yokubika umsebenzi osolekayo. Izenzakalo zaminyaka yonke ezifana ne-National Human Traffaking Awagersdages Day ngoJanuwariyo zinikeza ithuba lokugcinwa komthetho ukuba ukhulume nemithombo yezindaba nomphakathi ngemizamo yawo eqhubekayo nokubaluleka kokuqapha.

Isiphetho

Izinhlangano eziqinisekisa ukugcinwa komthetho zibalulekile ekunyanzelweni kwemithetho emelene nokushushumbisa abantu e-United States. Kusukela ekusabeleni kokuqala okunzima nasekuhloleni okuyinkimbinkimbi ukuze kusindiswe izisulu, ukuquliswa ngokusemthethweni, nokuvinjelwa, lezi zinkampani zisebenza ekwahlukaneni kokuphepha komphakathi namalungelo abantu. Impumelelo yazo ixhomeke ekuqeqesheni okunikezelwe, imithombo eyanele, nasekuzihlanganiseni okuqinile nabantu abasebenza nohulumeni, izinkonzo zokuthengiselana izisulu, kanye nemiphakathi ekhonzayo. Nakuba izinselele ziphikelela ngohlelo lwemali oluyimfihlo lokushushumbisa, nomonakalo olukhulu olubangelwa yilabo abasindayo [1] ukugcinwa komthetho kuyaqhubeka kuzama nokungena ezindleleni zayo. Ngokuzibophezela emandleni ahlukene, izinhlangano zenza umehluko ophawulekayo ekuphileni kwabantu abaningi nakulwisana nabantu abaningi.