Ukungenelana nomthetho kungacindezela, kudida, futhi kuzethuse. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uthathwa ngenxa yokwephulwa kwezimoto, umiswa lapho uhamba emgwaqweni, noma uvalelwe ukuba ubuze, ukwazi ukuthi amalungelo akho angokomthetho ayindlela yokuqala yokuzivikela kwakho nenkululeko yakho yomphakathi. Lesiqondiso sinikeza umbono ocacile wamalungelo akho lapho usebenzelana namaphoyisa eUnited States, asekelwe ezivikelweni zomthetho neseluleko esiwusizo.

Amalungelo Akho Omthetho - sisekelo Afingqiwe

Amalungelo akho phakathi nokuhlangana kwamaphoyisa ngokuyinhloko avikelwa izinguquko ezintathu zoMthetho - sisekelo waseU.S.: iSichibiyelo Sesine, Sesihlanu, neseSisithupha. Ukuqonda lezi ziphetho zesisekelo kuyokusiza ukuba uqaphele lapho isikhulu sisebenza ngaphansi komthetho nalapho amalungelo akho engase abe sengozini.

ISichibiyelo Sesine: Ukuvikelwa Ekucwaningeni Nokukhohlisa Okungenangqondo

ISichibiyelo sesine sikuvikela ekuphenyeni okungacabangeli nasekuqulekeni uhulumeni. Lokhu kusho ukuthi amaphoyisa ngokuvamile adinga imvume esekelwe entweni okungenzeka ibangele ukuba aphenye ikhaya lakho, imoto, noma umuntu. Kukhona okuhlukile cishe njengezimo ezicatshangelweyo, imvume, noma umbono ocacile, kodwa umthetho owemvelo ukuthi akudingeki ukuba uvumele ukuphenywa ngaphandle kwemvume noma imbangela. Unelungelo lokunquma ngokucacile, “angivumi ukuphenya.” Uma isikhulu siqhubeka, lokho kungaba ubufakazi obugxekayo kamuva uma ubekela inselo enkantolo inselele.

ISichibiyelo Sesihlanu: Ilungelo Lokuthula

IsiHluzi sesihlanu siqinisekisa ukuthi akekho umuntu “ozophoqelelwa kunoma iliphi icala lobugebengu ukuba abe ufakazi omelene naye.” Lapha kulapho kunelungelo lokuthula khona. Akudingeki ukuba uphendule imibuzo evela kumthetho ophoqelelayo, ngisho noma ungakaboshiwe. ISiphakamiso esidumile [ imanda] isixwayiso [ siyisivikelo esiqinile esifuna amaphoyisa ukuba akwenze utshelwe ngalokhu phambi kokuphenywa kwecala. Nokho, ungalithulisa ilungelo lakho lokuthula nganoma isiphi isikhathi, ngisho nangaphambi kokuba uMiranda ifundwe ngokucacile. Singasho ngokucacile, “Ngisebenzisa ilungelo lami lokuthula,” bese ngiyeka ukukhuluma. Uma ukhetha ukuthula ngaphambi kokuba uboshwe, ungakhohli uqobo ukuba uqobo.

ISichibiyelo Sesithupha: Ilungelo Lokudlala I - Athoryney

ISichibiyelo sesithupha siqinisekisa ilungelo leseluleko somthetho uma nje sekuqalile ukukhipha izikhangiso (njengangemva kokuboshwa). Uma uthanda, ungacela ummeli noma nini phakathi nokuxhumana. Uma ucela ummeli, amaphoyisa kumelwe ayeke ukubuza kuze kube yilapho ummeli ekhona. Uma ungenammeli, lelilungelo lizonikezwa wena. Lelilungelo alisebenzi phakathi nokuma okufushane kwezimoto noma ukuhlangana nje kwasemgwaqweni, kodwa uma unomuzwa wokuthi uyaphenywa, uqinisekisa ilungelo lakho ukuba ummeli lithathe isinyathelo esihlakaniphile.

Okumelwe Ukwenze Phakathi Nokumiswa Kwezimoto

Ukwehla kwezimoto kuyindlela evame kakhulu yokuhlangana namaphoyisa. Ukwazi izinyathelo ezifanele kungavikela amalungelo akho futhi kunciphise isimo.

  • hamba ngokuphepha nangokushesha lapho ubona izibani noma uzwa inhlabamkhosi. Sebenzisa izimpawu zakho zokujika bese udonsela ngakwesokudla somgwaqo. Yima endaweni enezibani, umphakathi uma kungenzeka.
  • [[FLT: 0] Zima injini yakho, qengqela ifasitela lakho, futhi ugcine izandla zakho zibonakala egunjini lokuqondisa. Gwema ukuhamba ngokuzumayo. Uma ufuna ukufinyelela ekubhalisweni kwakho noma kumshuwalense, tshela iphoyisa kuqala.
  • Yiba nesizotha kodwa ungafaki ulwazi lokuzithandela. Kudingeka ukuba unikeze ilayisense yomshayeli wakho, ukubhalisa, nobufakazi bomshuwalense. Akufunekanga uphendule imibuzo enjengokuthi “Uyazi ukuthi kungani ngikumise?” noma ukuthi, “Uvelaphi?” Ngokufana nothi, “Ngithanda ukuthula.”
  • Ungavumelani nokuseshwa kwemoto yakho. Uma isikhulu sibuza, sithi, “Angivumi ukusesha.” Uma isikhulu sinakho okungenzeka (umz., siyahogela, sibona insangu, noma sinemvume), bangase bafune noma bafune. Ukwenqaba kwakho kugcine ilungelo lakho lokubekela inselele ukuseshwa kamuva.
  • [ Uma uboshiwe, ungalwi. Ngisho noma ukholelwa ukuthi ukuboshwa akuvunyelwe ngokomthetho, ukumelana ngokomzimba kungaholela ekumangaleleni okwengeziwe. Izwe licacile ukuthi awuvumi ukuphenya nokuthi ufisa ukukhuluma nommeli.

Lapho umi emotweni, awukhululekile ukuhamba kuze kube yilapho isikhulu sikutshela ukuthi uhambe. Nokho, ungabuza, “Ngikhululekile ukuba ngihambe?” Uma isikhulu sithi yebo, ungahamba ngemoto ngomoya ophansi. Uma isikhulu sithi cha, uyaboshwa, futhi kufanele ulandele iziyalezo lapho ucela amalungelo akho ngokudingekile.

Ukuhlangana Kwasemgwaqweni: Lapho Umiswa Kodwa Ungaboshwanga

Amaphoyisa angasondela kuwe emgwaqweni ngenxa yezizathu ezihlukahlukene: umbiko wofakazi, ukuma okusolayo (ngokuvamile okubizwa ngokuthi “isitemu sokuma kweTerry” ngemva Terry v.Ohio), noma ingxoxo elula. Kulezimo, amalungelo akho ahlukile kancane.

  • Ubuza uma ukhululekile ukuhamba. Uma ungavalelwanga, unelungelo lokuhamba. Inhlonipho ithi “Angikhululeki, ngikhululekile ukuhamba?”
  • Uma isikhulu sithi awukhululekile ukuhamba, uboshiwe. Isikhulu singafaka ingubo yakho yangaphandle uma sinokungabaza okunengqondo kokuthi uhlomile futhi uyingozi. Ungamelani ngokomzimba ne-frashik, kodwa sisho ngokucacile ukuthi, “Angivumi ukusesha.”
  • [ Awudingi ukuphendula imibuzo. Ungathi, “Ngisebenzisa ilungelo lami lokuthula futhi ngingathanda ukukhuluma nommeli.” Khona - ke ngithule.
  • [[UMTL:0] Ungagijimi. Ukugijima kunganikeza amaphoyisa izinsolo ezinengqondo zokukuxosha nokukuvimbela, ngisho noma ungenzi lutho olungalungile. Yima phansi uzolile.

Amaphoyisa avunyelwe ukukubuza imibuzo ngaphandle kokukufundela amalungelo akho eMiranda uma nje ungaboshiwe. Lokho kusho ukuthi noma yini ongayisho ingasetshenziswa kuwe kamuva. Indlela ephephile kakhulu ukuyeka ngenhlonipho ukuphendula imibuzo.

Amalungelo Akho Phakathi Nokuboshwa

Uma uboshwa, lenqubo iba ngesemthethweni. amalungelo akho anamandla kakhulu kulokhu.

  • Unganqabi ukuboshwa. Ukumelana nokuboshwa kuwubugebengu obuhlukile ezizweni eziningi, ngisho noma ukuboshwa ngokwako kungekho emthethweni.
  • Faka ilungelo lakho lokuthula nelungelo lakho kummeli ngokushesha. Yithi, “Ngizothula. Ngifuna ummeli.” Ngemva kwalokho, ungasho lutho, hhayi ngisho nenkulumo encane. Noma yini ongayisho ingasetshenziswa kuwe, ngisho noma ucabanga ukuthi uwusizo.
  • Ungavumelani nokuphenya. Usuthe awuvumi. Uma bekusesha, ungaphazanyisi ngokomzimba.
  • Unelungelo lokwazi amacala. Buza, “Ini engimangalelwa ngayo?" Isikhulu kumelwe sikutshele isizathu sokuboshwa.
  • Unelungelo lokushaya ucingo olulodwa. Kusebenzise ukushayela ummeli noma ilungu lomkhaya elithenjwayo elingaqasha ummeli. Ungaxoxi ngecala lakho ngocingo-/police kumele uqashe izingcingo.

Kuthiwani Uma Ungewona Amalungelo Okufunda EMiranda?

UMiranda uvikela ukuba izinkulumo zakho zisetshenziswe kuwe phakathi nendaba yomshushisi. Uma wenza iziphakamiso ngaphandle kokuxwayiswa, lezo zimemezelo zingacishwa (zikhishwe) uma kuqulwa icala. Nokho, obunye ubufakazi obuqoqwe ngokwahlukene (njengobufakazi obungokoqobo noma ubufakazi) bungasetshenziswa. Uma uphenywa ngemva kokuncintisana ngamalungelo akho, noma yiziphi izinkulumo ozenzayo zingaba nezingaqondakali.

Ukusingatha Ukuhlola Nokukhohlisa: Okudingeka Wazi

Ukuqonda imithetho yokufuna nokuquleka kungakusiza ukuba uvikele izindaba zakho zomuntu siqu.

Ukuhlola Umuntu Wakho

Amaphoyisa adinga isiqinisekiso, kungenzeka isizathu, noma imvume yakho yokuhlola amaphakethe akho, izikhwama, noma impahla. Phakathi nokuma kukaTerry, bangathatha i-frask (ngaphandle) ukuze basebenzise izikhali kuphela. Uma iphoyisa lifinyelela ephaketheni lakho ngaphandle kwesizathu esizwakalayo, into ecacile. Ezizweni eziningi, kudingeka ukuba unikeze igama lakho phakathi nokuma uma isikhulu sicela, kodwa akudingeki ukuba uphendule eminye imibuzo.

Ukuhlola I - vehicle Yakho

Amaphoyisa angase aphenye imoto yakho ngaphandle kwemvume uma kungenzeka ukuthi inesizathu. (umz., bayayibona imithi ebonwa ngokukhanyayo noma ehogelwa insangu). Bangase futhi bayifune uma uvuma. Uma isikhulu singayinika imvume. Uma sibuza, “Uyathanda uma ngibheka?” Yithi, “Angivumi ukuphenya. Uma beqhubeka, ukwenqaba kwakho kuzakuphawulwa futhi kusetshenziswe enkantolo. Nokho, uma uboshiwe, amaphoyisa angasesha igumbi labagibeli lemoto yakho ukuze aboshwe (ngaphansi kwesenzakalo sokufuna ukuboshwa”.

Ukuhlola Ikhaya Lakho

Amaphoyisa adinga imvume yokungena nokusesha ekhaya lakho. Uma engqongqoza futhi ecela ukungena, unelungelo lokunqaba. Ungawavumeli ukuba angene ngaphandle kwemvume. Uma enemvume, ungacela ukuyibona futhi uyifunde ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi imbophele izindawo abazifunayo. Uma imvume ingasebenzi, noma uma idlula isilinganiso sayo, ummeli wakho angayibekela inselele kamuva. Uma ungaboshiwe, akudingeki ukuba uvule umnyango wesikhulu sephoyisa ngaphandle kokuba sibe nophawu oluphuthumayo noma uma kunento ephuthumayo (umz., bayazwa ukumemeza noma ukubona intuthu).

Ukuhlola Okungamukeleki: Isizathu Sokuba Uhlale Uthi Cha

Abantu abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi uma bengenalutho lokufihla, kufanele bavume. Lokhu kuyiphutha. Ngisho noma ungenacala, ungabekwa icala ngokuthile okungalindelekile (njengenani elincane lento elawulwayo eshiywe othile emotweni yakho). Okubaluleke kakhulu, vuma ukuthi amalungelo akho eSichibiyelo Sesine awe-Our. Uma uthi yebo, awunakuphikisa kamuva ukuthi ukuphenywa akuvunyelwe ngokomthetho. Ngaso sonke isikhathi uthi, “Angivumelani nophendlo,” ngisho noma uzizwa ucindezelekile. Ungavumeli isikhulu ukuba sikwenze ucabange ukuthi ukwenqaba imvume yakho inguqudo.

Okumelwe Ukwenze Uma Amalungelo Akho Ephulwa

Uma ukholelwa ukuthi amalungelo akho aphuliwe, thatha lezi zinyathelo ukuze uzivikele futhi wakhe indaba.

  • [[IQUMT:0] Hlala uzolile futhi ungaphikisani noma uphikise. Ukuphepha kwakho kuyinto ephambili. Ungafuna ubulungisa kamuva.
  • Uxwebhu yonke into ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka. bhala phansi usuku, isikhathi, indawo, igama lesikhulu nenombolo yebheji, inombolo yemoto (uma iyabonakala), kanye nendaba eningiliziwe yalokho okwenzekile. Hlanganisa nofakazi.
  • ubufakazi obugciniwe. Uma unomakhalekhukhwini noma amarekhodi ocingo lwakho, ungawasusi. Gcina izithombe zesithombe-skrini kunoma iziphi izikhundla zomphakathi. Uma uphenyisiwe, phawula ukuthi kuthathweni nokuthi kuphi.
  • Umbombo wesikhalo. Wonke amaphoyisa anengxenye yangaphakathi yezindaba noma ibhodi yabaphathi abavamile. Ifadi linesikhalo esibhaliwe. Zigcinele ikhophi. Ngisho noma ungacabangi ukuthi izokusiza, izikhalo ziyabhalwa futhi zingaba usizo ekuhloleni amacala noma ekuhloleni okulandelana nokusebenza.
  • Ummeli wamalungelo omphakathi. Ummeli onokuhlangenwe nakho angakucebisa ukuthi unezici zokumangalela ngaphansi kwe-Ingxenye 1983 (42 U.S.C. . . 1983) ngenxa yokwephulwa kwamalungelo akho omthetho-sisekelo. Unganikezwa ilungelo lokukhokha ngokungemthetho, ukuboshwa kwamanga, noma amandla adlulele.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlangano ezinjenge ACLU zinikeza isiqondiso esiningiliziwe nemithombo yezobuchwepheshe ezimweni ezithile, kuhlanganise nokuboshwa okuhlobene nokubhikishwa nokusebenzelana nokugcinwa kwezokufuduka. i-Cornell Legional Information Institute[ inikeza incazelo ecacile yemithetho yokuyeka nokuthatha-furisk kanye ne-[[FLT:]] Terry v. indinga-msc.]

Ukucatshangelwa Okukhethekile Kwezimo Ezithile

Ukuhlangana Kwamaphoyisa Ekhaya

Uma amaphoyisa efika emnyango wakho, awudingeki ukuba uyivule. Buza ngomnyango, “Ingabe ikhona imvume?” Uma banayo imvume, bangaphoqa ukungena. Uma bengenalubizo, ungasho ngenhlonipho ukuthi awufuni ukukhuluma nabo futhi uvale umnyango. Ungaqambi amanga ngokuthi usekhaya noma ukhona omunye umuntu. Uma ungaphandle kwakho, unesivikelo esincane, kodwa usabambelele kumalungelo akho engowesine nawesiHlanu nesoHlathisi.

Izikhungo Ezihlola I - DUI

Kuyindawo yokuhlola i-DUI, amaphoyisa angamisa imoto yakho ngaphandle kokusolana. Kudingeka ukuba ume unikeze ilayisense yakho futhi ubhalise. Nokho, akudingeki ukuba uphendule imibuzo ngalé kwalokho. Ungayenqaba ukwenza ukuhlolwa kokungaphumi kwemoto (ukuhamba emgqeni oqondile, njll.) kodwa ukwenza kanjalo kungabangela ilayisensensethi elengalengayo kwezinye izizwe. Ungayenqaba futhi ukuhlolwa komoya ophefumulayo, kodwa ngaphansi kwemithetho evumayo, ukwenqaba okuvamile ukuholela ekuvivinyeni imvume ezenzekelayo yomshayeli. Ungeke wenqabe igazi uma amaphoyisa ethola imvume, okuvamile. Okungcono kakhulu kungenza ngokuvumelana nezicelo zakho ezingokomthetho futhi usebenzise ilungelo lakho lokuthula.

Ukuhlangana Nokufuduka

Uma usebenzelana ne-Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) noma Bord Patrol, amalungelo akho ahlukile. Wonke umuntu e-U.S., kungakhathaliseki ukuthi umnini-yobuzwe, unelungelo elithile ngaphansi komthetho-sisekelo. Unelungelo lokuhlala uthule futhi ungavumi ukuphenya. Akudingeki ukuphendula imibuzo ephathelene nesimo sakho sokufuduka. Uma ungeyena isakhamuzi sobuzwene, unelungelo lokuthintana ne-consola yakho. Kubalulekile ukuphatha “ikhadi lakho lokuvikela” nawe, ongalithola ezinhlanganweni [[FLT:] ezisemthethweni [FLD] Indacrect Center [FFOLD:] [F]

Ukuqubuka Kwamaphoyisa Nokuqhaqhaza

Phakathi nokubhikisha, amaphoyisa angasebenzisa amasu okulawula isixuku alinganisela amalungelo akho. Usenganelungelo lokuqopha umsebenzi wamaphoyisa (omphakathi) uma nje ungaphazamisi imisebenzi yawo. Uma isikhulu sikutshela ukuba uhlakaze, kumelwe wenze kanjalo uma usendaweni lapho kusungulwe khona umhlangano ongekho emthethweni. Nokho, unelungelo lokuba phakathi kwabantu. Ngaso sonke isikhathi gcina izandla zakho zisobala futhi ugweme ukugqoka noma yini engaphambanisa isikhali. Uma uboshiwe, sebenzisa amalungelo akho ngokushesha. [ I-Exlectronic Foundation Foundation [[FLD:1]] inikeza isiqondiso esiningi ngokuqopha amaphoyisa nokuvikela imishini yakho.

Isiphetho

Ukwazi amalungelo akho akukona ukuba ulwe nomthetho ophoqelelwe, kungokokuzivikela ekuphathweni futhi uqiniseke ukuthi isimiso sobulungisa sisebenza ngokulunga kubo bonke abantu. Icebo elingcono kakhulu ukuphatha kahle, ukuzola, nokuqina. Ngokuphimisela: “Ngiyalisebenzisa ilungelo lami lokuthula futhi ngifune ummeli.” “Angivumi ukuphenya.”

Lamazwi alula, anikezwa ngenhlonipho, angenza umehluko phakathi kokuhlangana okuvamile naleyo ekhula kube ukwephulwa kwenkululeko yakho yomphakathi. Uma amalungelo akho ephulwa, khumbula ukuthi ucela usizo olungokomthetho ngezikhalo, izimpawu zomthetho, nezinkantolo.

Ukuze uthole ukwaziswa okwengeziwe, hlola ACLU’s Sazi Amalungelo Akho ikhasi, [[FLT:] Cornell Law School’s Fournce Isigungu Sesine [, kanye ne U.S. imbali yeSigele seSimemezelo [[FLT:].