Ukuqonda Amalungelo Akho Ngaphansi Kwemithetho Yempilo Yendawo

Izimiso zempilo zendawo zakha umgogodla wenhlalakahle yomphakathi, kodwa izakhamuzi eziningi azikuqondi ngokugcwele ukuvikela lemithetho enakho. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uqasha indlu, udla esitolo sokudlela, uphuza amanzi kampompi, noma uphefumula umoya eduze nendawo yezezimboni, imithetho yezempilo yendawo imisa izindinganiso zempilo ezihlelelwe ukuvimbela izifo nokulimala. Lesiqondiso esikhudlwana sihamba phakathi kwengxenye eyisisekelo yalemithetho, sichaza amalungelo athile onawo, futhi sinikeza izinyathelo ezisebenzayo zokuqinisa lawomalungelo ngempumelelo.

Iyini Imithetho Yempilo Yasendaweni?

Izimiso zempilo zendawo yimithetho, imithetho, nemithetho yokuphatha elandelwa yidolobha, isifunda, noma iminyango yezempilo yesifunda. Basebenza ngaphansi kwegunya elinikezwa imithetho yezempilo kahulumeni futhi bahlonyiselwe ukusingatha izingozi eziyingqayizivele zomphakathi othile. Ngokungafani neziqondiso zikahulumeni (njengalezo ezivela Izikhungo Zokulawula Izifo noKuvimbela Izifo [), imithetho yendawo iphoqelelwa abaphathi bezempilo bezifunda, abahloli bezempilo, namabhodi empilo yendawo.

Lemithetho ihlanganisa izinhlobonhlobo eziningi zezinkinga zempilo yomphakathi:

  • [ Ukuphepha kokudla - ukuhlola kokudla, imvume yokuphatha ukudla, nezimfuneko zokukhuculula indle ezitolo, izimakethe zabalimi, kanye namaloli okudla.
  • [ i-water – ukuhlolwa nezindinganiso zendlela yokusebenzisa izinhlelo zamanzi okuphuza komphakathi, kanye nemithetho yemithombo yangasese nezindawo zokubhukuda.
  • Izinga eliyi-Air[ - imingcele yokukhishwa kwegesi evela emafekthri, ekwakheni, nasekuvuleni; ekuvimbeleni ukubhema ngaphakathi; kanye nezindinganiso zokulungisa isikhunta.
  • Ukulawula izifo ezingenakungalawuleki[ – ukubika okuphoqelelwe kwezifo ezithile, iziyalo zokuhlukaniswa kwabantu, izimfuneko zokugoma ukuze babe khona esikoleni, kanye nemithetho elandelanayo yokuxhumana.
  • Izimo eziphuthumayo zempilo - amandla okukhipha iziyalezo zokukhosela ezindaweni, amabhizinisi aseduze phakathi nokuqubuka, futhi alawule izindawo zokugoma noma zokuhlola.
  • [[UMTL:0] Ukuhlanza nokukhuculula [[FL:1] - izilinganiso ezinciphileyo zokufudumeza, amapayipi, ukunqanda izilokazane, upende onomthofu, kanye nokulahla imfucumfucu.

Ngenxa yokuthi izimo zendawo ziyahlukahluka kakhulu, umthetho osebenza kwesinye isifunda ungase ungabi khona kwesinye. Ngokwesibonelo, imiphakathi engasogwini ngokuvamile ihlola kakhulu amanzi asemaceleni embadweni, kuyilapho izindawo zezimboni zingaba nemithetho eqinile yokulawula ukungcola komoya. Ukuqonda imithetho esebenzayo endaweni yakini kuyisinyathelo sokuqala ekuvikeleni impilo yakho.

Amalungelo Akho Ayisisekelo Ngaphansi Kwemithetho Yempilo Yendawo

Izakhamuzi azizona nje izinzuzo zemithetho yezempilo engekho ngaphandle, zinamalungelo asebenzayo angokomthetho nangokwesiko. Lamalungelo afakwe kokubili emiyalweni ngokwayo nasezivikelweni ezibanzi zomthetho-sisekelo (njengenqubo efanele nesivikelo esilinganayo). Ngezansi amalungelo ayinhloko ongawacela.

Ilungelo lokuthola ulwazi

Unelungelo lokubhala yonke imibhalo yezimiso zempilo zendawo, imibiko yokuhlola izakhiwo zokudla, imiphumela yokuhlola izinga lamanzi, nezimpawu zezingozi zempilo. Iminyango eminingi yezempilo inyathelisa lokhu kwaziswa kuyi-inthanethi. Uma amabhukwana engekho ngokwezinombolo, ungafaka isicelo sezincwadi zomphakathi. Inkululeko Yolwazi Act (kwizinga lombuso) iqinisekisa ukufinyelela ngesikhathi ngaphandle kwenkokhelo ephakeme. Ngokwesibonelo, uma ufuna ukubona irekhodi lamuva lokuhlola isitolo sokudlela, ungayicela ngokuqondile noma uhlole i-moslay yesikhungo somphakathi.

Ukuya Endaweni Ephephile

Izimiso zempilo zendawo zimisa isisekelo sokuphepha kuzo zonke izimo ohlala kuzo. Lokhu kuhlanganisa:

  • Amanzi ahlanzekile okuphuza engenawo umthofu, ama - bacterium, namakhemikhali angenawo.
  • Izindlu ezingenamkhuhlane, ukukhubazeka kwe - point, nezimiso zikagesi noma zegesi ezinephutha.
  • Imisebenzi (embozwe yizimiso zezempilo zendawo nezindinganiso ze - OSSA) ezigcina izinga lomoya opholile, lokukhucululwa kwendle, kanye nomsindo ophephile.
  • Izindawo zomphakathi ezingakuchayi emfucumfucwini eyingozi, ekungcoleni komoya, noma ekukhucululwani kwendle okungalahliwe.

Uma indawo okuyo ingaphansi kwalezi zindinganiso, unelungelo lokufuna ukuba umnikazi wempahla, umqashi noma uhulumeni wendawo athathe isinyathelo sokulungisa isimo.

Ilungelo Lokubika Ukuphazanyiswa Ngaphandle Kokuphindisela

Izivikelo ze-wistlepulpier zigcinwe emithethweni eminingi yezempilo yendawo. Uma ubona ukwephulwa kwezindawo zokudlela eziphatha inyama engalungiswanga ngokungafanele, umninindlu ongayinaki isisekelo sendle, noma ifektri ekhipha intuthu enobuthi . Ungabika kumnyango wezempilo ngaphandle kokwesaba ukuxoshwa, ukukhuthulwa, noma ukuhlukunyezwa. Ezinye izakhiwo zinikeza ukubika okungaziwa kokushisa. Ukuphepha, ukubhala ukwephula izithombe, izinsuku, namanothi abhaliwe, futhi ugcine ikhophi yezikhala zakho.

Ilungelo Lokuhlanganyela Ekwenzeni Izimiso

Amabhodi ezempilo endawo avame ukuba nemihlangano yomphakathi lapho izakhamuzi zingakhuluma khona ngezimiso ezihlongozwayo. Unelungelo lokuya kule mihlangano, ukhulume phakathi nezikhathi zokuphendula komphakathi, futhi unikeze ubufakazi obubhaliwe. Iminyango eminingi ibuye iqhube izinkathi zokuphendula umphakathi ngaphambi kokwamukela imithetho emisha, njengokushintsha kokuhlola ukudla noma ukuvinjelwa okusha kwepulasitiki yokusebenzisa eyodwa. Ukuhlanganyela kule nqubo kuqinisekisa ukuthi umphakathi uhlela imithetho yokugcina.

Ilungelo Lokuthola Izinkonzo Zempilo

Iminyango yezempilo yendawo ivame ukunikeza izinkonzo eziqondile − imitholampilo yokunika imvume yokusebenza kwempilo, ukuxilonga i-STD, ukuhlola isifo sofuba, nezinhlelo zokondleka. Ngisho noma ungangeni emalini elinganiselwe, unelungelo lokuya kulemisebenzi ngezindleko ezinciphileyo noma ezingabizi. Imithetho iqinisekisa futhi ukuthi izinkonzo zezempilo zigcina imfihlo futhi zihlangabezane nezindinganiso zobuchwepheshe.

Indlela Yokusebenzisa Amalungelo Akho Ngokuphumelelayo

Ukwazi amalungelo akho anele; kumelwe uthathe izinyathelo zamabomu zokuwasebenzisa.

Zifundise Ngemithetho Yasendaweni

Vakasha ingosi yomnyango wezempilo wendawo yakho futhi ufune izingxenye ezibhalwe ukuthi “Public Health Code,”“ Environal Health Regional,” noma “Umthetho Wokulawula Impilo.” Yazi izingxenye ezibaluleke kakhulu ekuphileni kwakho (ngokwesibonelo), ukumiswa kokudla kushaya imithetho uma udla njalo, noma imithetho yendawo uma usebenza. Zibophelele kumagazini womnyango noma ulandela iziteshi zawo zezokuxhumana ukuze uthole ushintsho ezinguqulweni zemithetho kanye nezixwayiso zempilo.

Hlala Unolwazi Ngoshintsho Oluqhubekayo

Imithetho iguqukela ekusabeleni ekwazini ukuzwa ubufakazi obusha obungokwesayensi, ukuqubuka kwezifo, nokuthatha isinyathelo sokushaya umthetho. Ngokwesibonelo, iminyango eminingi yezempilo yendawo yalungisa imithetho yayo ye-COVOVAD-19 kaningi phakathi nobhadane. Sisayinela izixwayiso ze-imeyili noma uhlole iphepha lezindaba lomnyango njalo. CDC’s Public Health Gateway[ inikeza umbono wesizwe ekuveleni kwemizwa yemidalo.

Ukuhlanganyela Ngokuqondile Nezikhulu Zempilo

Uma unombuzo noma ukukhathazeka, thintana nomnyango wezempilo ngocingo, nge-imeyili, noma ngomuntu siqu. Chaza: phawula umthetho okholelwa ukuthi wephulwe, chaza indawo nesikhathi, futhi usho ukuthi yisiphi isenzo ofuna ukusenza (isibonelo, ukuhlola, i-cofe, noma uhlelo lokulungisa). Uma ungatholi mpendulo phakathi nesikhathi esifanelekile, bhebhethekisa indaba kumqondisi wempilo noma ibhodi elikhethiwe lempilo.

Inethiwekhi ne Amaqembu Omphakathi

Uma izakhamuzi eziningi noma inhlangano yomphakathi zinganakwa, funa amaqembu okwahlulela endawo, izinyunyana ezizimele, izibopho zokuphepha kokudla, noma izinkampani zomphakathi. Hlanganisa imihlangano yazo futhi uhlobise imizamo ebambisanayo, njengokucela ukuhola okuqinile ekuhlolweni kwemithombo yokuphuza esikoleni noma ukucela ukuhlolwa okuvamile kokudla.

Bhala Yonke Into

Dala ifayela lokuhluza impilo ngakunye ohlangana nayo. Hlanganisa:

  • Usuku, isikhathi nendawo yale ndaba.
  • Izithombe noma ama - video abonisa ngokucacile ukuthi aphukile.
  • Amakhophi anoma iziphi izincwadi eziya kubanikazi bezindawo, abaqashi, noma izikhulu zezempilo.
  • Ucingo olungenayo: ukuthi ukhulume nobani, yini eyathenjiswa, nokuthi nini.

Ukubhala kahle kuqinisa icala lakho uma ekugcineni kudingeka ubhale phansi isikhalo noma ufune usizo olungokomthetho.

Imithetho Evamile Yempilo Yasendaweni Iyachazwa

Ukuqonda injongo yawo namalungiselelo awo ayinhloko kuyokusiza ukuba uqaphele ukwephulwa kwemithetho, nakuba yonke imibuso ibhala eyayo imithetho.

Imithetho Yokuphepha Kokudla

Lemithetho, ngokuvamile esekelwe ku-[FDA Food Code , idinga izisekelo zokudla ku:

  • Gcina izinga lokushisa elifanele ukuze udle ukudla okushisayo nokubandayo.
  • Vimbela ukungezwani kwesiphambano phakathi kwezinto eziluhlaza neziphekiwe.
  • Qiniseka ukuthi izisebenzi zigeza izandla njalo futhi zigwema ukusebenza lapho zigula.
  • Gcina amakhishi, izindawo zokugcina izinto, nezindawo zokudlela kuhlanzekile.
  • Ngemva kokuhlola amamaki noma amanani (semadolobheni amaningi).

Uma ungayitholi ikheshi, uthola isixwayiso, uvaleka isikhashana noma uyifake esikhungweni.

Izindinganiso Ezinhle Zamanzi

Iminyango yezempilo yendawo iqondisa izimiso zamanzi omphakathi ezilawula amanzi angenayo njengemthofu, ama-nitrate, kanye ne- E. coli. Ikhipha “izikhitshane” uma ingcoliseka amabhaktheriya. Abanikazi bamathengi ngokuvamile kudingeka bahlole amanzi abo minyaka yonke futhi kungase kudingeke ukuba bawanyange uma amazinga edlula imikhawulo yokuphepha. Unelungelo lokucela ikhophi ye-Life Inficity Idense Report yakho yaminyaka yonke, okungaba umphumela wokuhlolwa kwemininingwane.

Imithetho Yokugcinwa Kwezindlu Nezindawo

Lemithetho ichaza izimo ezilinganiselwe zokuphepha nezokuhlanzeka. Izibonelo zihlanganisa:

  • Izimiso zokushisa kumelwe zikwazi ukugcina okungenani u - 68°F (2°C) phakathi nezinyanga ezibandayo.
  • Ukungcwaba kumelwe kusebenze ngokuhleleka futhi kungabi namvuzo.
  • Izakhiwo kumelwe zingahlali zihlatshwa izinambuzane.
  • Izingozi zikapende osekelwe kumthofu kumelwe zisuswe noma zigcinwe emakhaya akhiwe ngaphambi kuka - 1978.
  • Kumelwe kufakwe imishini yokuhlola intuthu ne - carbon monoxide.

Uma umninindlu ehluleka ukuhlangabezana nalezi zindinganiso, ungafaka isikhalo kumnyango wezindlu wendawo noma wezempilo. Amanye amazwe avumela abaqashi ukuba bagodle intela kuze kube yilapho belungisa, kodwa lokhu kufanele kwenziwe kuphela ngokuqondiswa umthetho.

Ukushaya Kwengxoxwane

Umsindo oweqisayo awusona nje isidina, ungabangela ukungezwa kahle kwezindlebe, ukuqwasha, nokucindezeleka okukhulu. Izimiso zomsindo zendawo zibekela imingcele yezikhathi ezihlukene zosuku kanye nezindawo ezihlukahlukene (zezentengiselwano, ezezentengiselwano, ezezimboni). Ukwakha, iziphephetha-maqabunga, umculo onomsindo, nezinja ezikhonkothayo konke kuwela ngaphansi kwalemithetho. Uma umakhelwane noma ibhizinisi liphula umthetho, ungabika kuzo emnyangweni wezempilo noma kumaphoyisa endawo.

Ukuphoqelelwa Nokuhholwa

Iminyango yezempilo yendawo isebenzisa ochwepheshe bezenhlalakahle abahlola indawo njalo futhi baphendule izikhalo.

  • [ Iziphakamiso – kwezephu ezincane, eziqalayo ezingalungiswa ngokushesha.
  • [ Fines – kusukela emakhulwini ambalwa kuya ezinkulungwaneni ezimbalwa zamadollar kuye ngokuthi ingakanani.
  • Izinsumpa zepermit noma ukususwa – kumapulani okudla noma amabhizinisi ahluleka kaningi ukuhlola.
  • Ioda ye-Curbet – esetshenziselwa ukuphoqelela impoqo yezingozi ezingathi sína njengokukhishwa kwendle eluhlaza.
  • Icala lobugebengu [ - ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu zokubeka engozini ngamabomu, njengokuthengisa ukudla okungcolile ngamabomu.

Uma ubika uphuzo, umnyango wezempilo kufanele uhlole phakathi nefulegi elinganiselayo yesikhathi, cishe phakathi namahora angu - 72 ukuze kutholakale izingozi eziphuthumayo. Unelungelo lokutshelwa ngomphumela, nakuba eminye imininingwane ingase ibe imfihlo phakathi nokugcinwa kwamandla.

Izinselele Nendlela Yokuzinqoba

Ngisho nalapho izakhamuzi ziwaqaphela amalungelo azo, izithiyo eziningana zingazivimbela ekuthatheni isinyathelo.

Ukungaqapheli

Abantu abaningi abakwazi ukuthi iziqondiso zempilo zendawo zikhona noma indlela yokuzifinyelela. Iminyango yezempilo ingathuthukisa lokhu ngokufaka izifushaniso ezicacile ngezilimi eziningi nangokusakaza abashayeli bezimpukane ezisemicikilishweni yomphakathi.

Ulimi Oluyinkimbinkimbi Olungokomthetho

Imithetho ivame ukubhalwa ngomthetho oqinile. Ukuze unqobe lokhu, funa iziqondisi ezishicilelwe umnyango wezempilo noma amaqembu angayitholi inzuzo. Amanye amadolobha anikeza izishabhu nge- “Yazi Amalungelo Akho” abaqashi nezisebenzi zokudla.

Ukwesaba Ukuphindiselwa

Abasebenzi bangasaba ukuxoshwa uma bebika ukuphulwa kwemisebenzi, futhi izisebenzi zingakhathazeka ngokulahlekelwa yimisebenzi yazo uma zibika izingozi. Izivikeleko ezingokomthetho zikhona, kodwa aziqikelelwanga kahle ngaso sonke isikhathi. Yabhala yonke into futhi, uma kungenzeka, ukukhononda ngamafayela ngezindlela ezingaziwa. Uma kwenzeka, thintana nomthola-mthola-lwazi wezosizo olungokomthetho noma Actal Offcity Offcity Commission [[[FLT: 1]] [uma umsebenzi uhlangene)] noma inhlangano yamalungelo.

Imithombo Yengcebo Elinganiselwe

Iminyango yezempilo ivame ukuncishiswa futhi ayisebenzi kakhulu, okungaholela ekuthatheni iziphetho ezithatha isikhathi. Uma ungatholi isinqumo esifike ngesikhathi, inyukela ezikhulwini ezikhethiwe (izikhulu zomkhandlu wedolobha noma zesifunda) nasemithonjeni yezindaba. Ukucindezela komphakathi kungaphoqelela umnyango ukuba unike imithombo eyengeziwe ukuze uphoqelele ukugcinwa.

Imikhuba Yamuva Neziqondiso Zesikhathi Esizayo

Izimiso zempilo zendawo zihlala zivumelana nezimo.

  • Ukushintsha ukusabela [ - imithetho emisha ngokuphepha kokushisa kwezisebenzi zangaphandle, ukuphatha izikhukhula, nokulungiselela isimo sezulu esiphuthumayo.
  • Focus nge-ecty yempilo - iziqondiso ezifuna izisulu ezingafani, njengokudinga ukudla okunempilo ezindaweni ezikhona eziphansi noma ukukwazi ukufinyelela ulimi ezikomeni zezempilo.
  • Ushintsho lwe-digital[ - kuma-partum afuna imibiko yokuhlola, izikhalo ze-electronic, kanye namabhodi okwaziswa omphakathi angokoqobo.
  • Ukulungisa kwe-panemic[ - amandla avuselelwe okuhlukanisa abantu, imiyalo yokugoma, nezindinganiso zokungenisa umoya ezakhiweni zomphakathi.

Ukuqaphela lezi zinguquko kuyokusiza ukuba uqonde amalungelo nemithwalo yakho yemfanelo esingatha isimo.

Imithombo Yokwaziswa Okwengeziwe

Ukuze ujulise ulwazi lwakho futhi uthole usizo ngezindaba ezithile, hlola okulandelayo:

  • [ umnyango wezempilo wendawo [ - ukuma kwakho kokuqala kwekhodi, ukuhlola, nohlobo lokukhononda.
  • Inxusa lezempilo lezwe - - kunganikeza ukwengamela futhi kunganikeza izikhombo ezikhombayo ezigunyaza imibuso yendawo.
  • CDC's Public Law Program [ – inikeza imithombo nokuqeqeshwa ngesisekelo esingokomthetho sempilo yomphakathi.
  • [ Inhlangano yezwe yempilo - - ikhipha izindinganiso zezizwe zonke nesiqondiso sokuphepha kwendawo ezungezile nokudla.
  • [ Izinhlangano zosizo zezentengiselwano – eziningi zinezimiso zezempilo ezikhethekile (umz., INkonzo yomphakathi yomthetho ePhiladelphia noma i-Aid e-Bay Argement).
  • Amaqembu akhokhela abathengi nabathengi [ - njengeNational Consumer Law Center noma imikhandlu yezindlu elungile.

Isiphetho

Izimiso zempilo zendawo akuzona izincwadi ezingekho ezingokomthetho eziwusizo ezivikela inhlalakahle yakho yansuku zonke. Ngokuqonda ilungelo lakho lokwaziswa, ukuphepha, ukukhononda ngaphandle kokuphindisela, ukuthatha isinyathelo, nokukwazi ukungenela izinkonzo, uba yilungu lomphakathi elinamandla. Zinike isikhathi sokufunda imithetho ebaluleke kakhulu kuwe, hlala uthembisene nomnyango wakho wezempilo, futhi unganqikazi ukukhuluma lapho kuvela izingozi. Ngokwenza kanjalo, usiza ekwakheni isimo esinempilo yanoma ubani.