Ukuqonda Isilinganiso Sokulinganiselwa Kwenkathi Yokucwasa Kusho Ukuthi Ubandlululo Luyokwenzeka

Umthetho wokulinganiselwa uwumthetho obucayi olawula isikhathi eside kakhulu umuntu okumelwe akhiphe isimangalo ngemva kwesenzo sokukhipha icala. Emkhathini wobandlululo lobudala, ukulahlekelwa yilolu phawu kungavala isiqinisekiso esihlala njalo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi siyini inzuzo yaso. Nakuba isikhathi esivamile ngaphansi komthetho kahulumeni sifushane ngokwesilinganiso, imithetho eyinkimbinkimbi, imithetho engokomthetho eyimfihlo, nokungavumelani nomthetho kungawushintsha kakhulu umkhawulo osebenzayo. Ukwazi ngokuqondile ukuthi iwashi liqala nini futhi iziphi izenzo zingayimisa imfuneko yokuvikela amalungelo akho.

Kuyini Ukulinganiselwa Okuwujuqu?

Umthetho wokulinganiselwa unquma isikhathi esibanzi ngemva kwesenzakalo okungase kuqalwe kuso icala elingokomthetho. Ngenxa yokucwaswa kobudala, umthetho uqala ukusebenza ngosuku okuthiwa luyisenzo sobushiqela. Lolu usuku lwesenzo somsebenzi esinzima i-— njengokuphela, ukukhishwa kwecala, ukuhluleka ukuqasha, noma ukukhushulwa kwe-— okuye kwakhuthazwa isisebenzi i-̱ iminyaka engu-40 (iminyaka engu-40 noma ngaphezulu). Uma nje isikhathi sesiyaphela, inkantolo iyoyilahla ngaphandle kokucabangela ubufakazi.

Ukucwasana kweminyaka kungalethwa ngaphansi komthetho kahulumeni, umthetho wezwe, noma kokubili. Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi imithetho kahulumeni nombuso yokulinganiselwa isebenza ngokuzimele. Ukumangalela i-Uncimed Accomplication Opportounsion Commission (EOC) ngaphansi komthetho kahulumeni akuyinwebi ngokuzenzekelayo isikhathi sokubekwa kwezwe, futhi okuphambene nalokho. Abamangalelwa kumelwe bahambisane nayo yonke inkathi esebenzayo.

Imithetho Yamaqembu Nemingcele Yesikhathi

Umthetho oyinhloko kahulumeni ovikela izisebenzi esezikhulile yi-Age Discrimination in Act ka-1967 (ADEA). I-ADEA inqabela ukubandlululwa kwabantu abaneminyaka engu-40 noma ngaphezulu. Ngaphansi kwe-ADEA, umuntu kumelwe aqale abekwe icala lobandlululo nge-EOC ngaphambi kokuqulisa icala langasese. Lesi sinyathelo sokuphatha siyimfuneko, futhi icala le-EEOC kumelwe libekwe ngaphakathi kwefasitela elithile.

Usuku Olungu - 180 Nosuku Olungama - 300 Amafasitela Aphehla Umsindo

Ngaphansi kwe-ADEA, ezimweni eziningi, unezinsuku ezingu-180 kusukela osukwini lwesenzo sokukhipha i-discrini ngokufaka icala nge-EEOC. Nokho, lolu suku lungadluliselwa izinsuku ezingu-300 uma ukuzisho kwakho kufihlwa futhi umbuso noma umthetho wendawo omelene nomthetho wobuhlanga, futhi umthetho unawo noma inxusa lendawo eliwugunyaza (owaziwayo njenge-"feral State"). Ezindabeni ezivalekayo, i-EOC kanye nenhlangano yombuso unikezwa ithuba lokuphatha ukukhokhwa kwe-usuku lokuqala. I-A isebenza ngosuku olungu-300 ngokomthetho.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi inkathi yosuku olungu-300 ayikona ukunwetshwa kwento yonke. Uma uhlala esimweni esingasasebenzi, kumelwe ufake ihele phakathi nezinsuku eziyi-180. Amazwe angaba ngu-42 namasimu anendawo ebekelwe isikhathi esilinganiselwe. Ungaqinisekisa isimo sezwe lakho i’ isimo ngokuhlola EOC ̱ ukukhomba indawo yokulungisa [[ noma ukubuza ummeli wemisebenzi yendawo. Ukwehluleka ukufaka uhele phakathi kwefasitela elilungile cishe kuyokwenza ulahle imvume kahulumeni.

Yini Ebaluleke Njengesenzo Sokukhipha Icala?

Umthetho wewashi elilinganiselwe uqala ngosuku inqubo yokuhlukanisa isuka, hhayi usuku lapho ithonya lizwiwa noma litholwa. Ngokwesibonelo, uma unqanyulwa ngomhla ka-January 15, usuku lwe-180 noma usuku olungu-300 uqala ngalolosuku, ngisho noma ungafundi ngokukhetha ubudala kuze kube ngemva kwezinyanga ezithile. Nokho, i-“ i-disolution umthetho ̵ ingasebenza ezimweni ezilinganiselwe lapho ubandlululo lwalungaqondakali ngokwemvelo ngesikhathi sesenzo, njengokuhluleka kokwembulala ukukhuthaza lokho okufihlekile. Inkantolo isebenzisa lomthetho ngokuncane.

Ngemikhuba eqhubekayo yokundlululana, njengendlela yokuhlukumeza noma inkambiso elimaza izisebenzi esezikhulile ngokungenakulinganiswa, umqondo we-“ ukunciphisana kokwaphula umthetho i-̵ inganweba inkathi elinganiselwe. Ngaphansi kwale mfundiso, uma isimiso esisodwa sokuhlasela noma ukwenziwa kuqhubeke, icala lingaba elifike ngesikhathi uma libekwa phakathi nezinsuku ezingu-300 zaleso senzakalo. Nokho, iNkantolo Ephakeme iye yayinciphisa kakhulu le mfundiso. Izwe Lonke] Lihlala linenkanizalelwa phakathi konyaka. [[FLT] [FLGrand Powert Corp:1] [200], iNkanto ekholelwa ukuthi izenzo zokuzinhlafu, njengokuzekwa, ukukhubazeka, nokungazelelwa kwe-'iphane; futhi kuncishiswe i-'inqual; ukuvingtwe kanye komsebenzi ongenziwayo.

Ngemva Kokumangalela: UMthetho Owawuyiphutha

Uma nje ufaka i-EEOC ikhangisa, i-AUC ihlola futhi ingakhipha i-Treasue of the kwesokudla ku- Sue. Ngaphansi kwe-ADEA, ngemva kokuthola isaziso sokuyidlulisa, unezinsuku ezingu-90 [ ukufaka inkantolo kahulumeni. Ukuhluleka ukufaka uhele phakathi kwalezozinsuku ezingama-90 kuyokwenza ukuba ulahlekelwe ilungelo lakho ukukhokha. Ngisho noma i-EOC isalokhu idlulisa isaziso sokukhomba, ungacela i-aye-etoo - oye zinsuku ezingu-60 ngemva kokukhomba. Akumelwe ulinde ukuba uphelise ukuphenya kwayo ukuze i-EOC, kodwa kumelwe uqaphele ngesandla.

Imithetho Kahulumeni Nezici Ezihlukahlukene

Nakuba i-ADEA inikeza ikhambi likahulumeni, izifunda eziningi zinemithetho yobandlululo yobudala yazo enganikeza imithetho emide yokulinganiselwa, isivikelo esibanzi, noma amakhambi engeziwe. Kwezinye izifundazwe, isikhathi sokuletha ukucwasa ngeminyaka emibili noma ngaphezulu. Eminye ingabonisa ifasitela elinguhulumeni elithatha izinsuku ezingu-180 noma ezingu-300 lecala lokulawula. Ngenxa yokuthi imithetho kahulumeni iyahluka kakhulu, kubalulekile ukubheka imithetho ethile esifundeni lapho lokhu bandlululo kwenzeka khona.

Izibonelo Zabafileyo Basembusweni

  • I-California: Phansi kwe-Fair Account and House Act (FEHA), umkhono kumelwe afake isigwebo sokuphatha kuMnyango we-Fair Works kanye ne Home phakathi neminyaka emithathu yesenzo sokulahla izigwegwe (impumelelo kaJanuwari 1, 2020, esikhutshwe ngonyaka owodwa).
  • INew York: UMthetho waseNew York wamalungelo abantu ufuna ukufakwa ngokuhlukanisa Amalungelo Abantu phakathi nonyaka owodwa wesenzo sokulahla icala. Okunye, icala lingabekwa ngokuqondile enkantolo yesifundazwe phakathi neminyaka emithathu yesenzo, ngaphandle kokuqala kwemithi yokulawula ekhathazayo.
  • : IKhomishane yeTexas on Human Rights Act ifuna ukumangalelwa ngeKhomishoni yomsebenzi weTexas phakathi nezinsuku ezingu - 180 zesenzo sokuqulwa komthetho wezentando.
  • Florida:[ UMthetho we-Fovil Rights yaseFlorida udinga ukumangalelwa ukuba kubekwe i-Commission on Human Relations phakathi nezinsuku ezingu-35] zokwephulwa okuthiwa.

Imithetho eminingi kahulumeni iyasebenza nakubaqashi abancane abangahlanganisiwe yi-ADEA (edinga izisebenzi ezingu-20 noma ngaphezulu). Umbuso ungamboza abaqashi ngezisebenzi ezingu-5, 10, noma ezingu-15. Uma usebenzela ibhizinisi elincane, okuwukuphela kwethuba lakho lingaba ngaphansi komthetho kahulumeni, ukwenza umthetho wezwe wemingcele ewukuphela kwenkathi yakho. Uma uthatha uhlu olubanzi, vakashela iwebhusayithi yakho yezwe i’ umsebenzi noma umthola malungelo omphakathi. Ungabukeza futhi .S. Umnyango we-ORCM.S.

Ukucabangela Okubalulekile Nokungabalulekile

Ngaphandle kwezikhathi eziyisisekelo ezimisiwe, izimfundiso eziningana ezingokomthetho nezici eziwusizo zingawuthinta umthetho wokulinganiselwa.

Ukuphonsa (Ukusebenzisa) Ukulinganiselwa Okuncane

Kwezinye izimo, ukuma kwewashi noma ukukhushulwa kungasebenza uma umqashi efihla ubandlululo ngenkuthalo, edukisa isisebenzi ngamalungelo aso, noma uma izimo ezingavamile (njengesifo esinzima noma ukuwohloka kwenqubo ye-EEOC) zivimbela ukugcinwa kwempahla ngesikhathi esifanele. Ngokwesibonelo, uma umqashi ethembisa ukuxazulula lendaba futhi eholela isisebenzi ukuba sikholelwe ukuthi ukumangalela iEOC akudingekile, inkantolo ingavumela ukuba ifake ishefu elidlulile. Nokho, ukukhokhwa kwemali akuvamile, futhi akufanele uthembele kukho.

Inkonzo yezempi ingase futhi iqede umthetho wokulinganiselwa ngaphansi koMthetho Wezinkonzo Ezihlangene Wemisebenzi Nezemisebenzi Yamalungelo Abantu (USSRRA).

Ubuhlobo Phakathi Kwamacala E - EOC Namazwi Ombuso

Ukubhalisa i-EEOC ngokuvamile kubangela isivumelwano esiqinile phakathi kwe-EEOC kanye ne-sethi ye-tem-sc yesizwe elawula imisebenzi. I-EEOC ivame ukudlulisa amafayela nge-nxusa likahulumeni. Nokho, i-mode i-’ inkathi emisiwe izimele. Uma isikhathi sakho sokusebenza siphela ngaphambi kokuba i-EEOC ibekwe, ungalahlekelwa yimvume yombuso. Ngaso sonke isikhathi hlola umthetho kahulumeni ngokwahlukene, futhi ucabangele ukuphoqa isigwebo esihlangene kokubili i-EOC kanye nenxusa likahulumeni.

Ukungqubuzana Okuqhubekayo Nendawo Yokusebenza Enobutha

Njengoba kuphawuliwe, izenzo zokuhlukanisa azenzeki ngemfundiso eqhubekayo ekhuthaza ukuhoxa. Kodwa isimo somsebenzi esimelene nezenzo esisekelwe ebudaleni singaba sesifike ngesikhathi uma kwenzeka okungenani isenzo esisodwa phakathi nenkathi yokuhleba. Ngokwesibonelo, uma uchungechunge lwamahlaya asekelwe eminyakeni emithathu, futhi isenzakalo samuva kakhulu senzeka phakathi nezinsuku ezingu-300 zokuhlohlwa, yonke inqubo ingabhekwa njengefike ngesikhathi. Nokho, uma isenzakalo sokugcina senzeka ezinsukwini ezingaphezu kwama-300 ezidlule, ngisho noma ukuziphatha kuqhubeka, kungavinjelwa. Izinkantolo zihlola ukuthi izenzo ziyo ziyodwa, indlela eqhubekayo noma zihlukene, zonke izenzakalo.

Izisebenzi Zikahulumeni Namacala Akhethekile

Izisebenzi zomphakathi zinenqubo ehlukile. Kumelwe ziqale zithintane nomeluleki we-EEO phakathi nezinsuku ezingu-45 zesenzo sokukhipha izigebengu. Ngemva kokweluleka, zifaka isikhalo esingokomthetho nenhlangano yazo. Isilinganiso sesikhathi sifushane futhi siphoqelelwe ngokuqinile. Umbuso, isifundazwe, nezisebenzi zikamasipala kufanele zihlole imithetho yazo yezisebenzi zendawo nezivumelwano zokuhlelana, ezingase zibeke ngisho nezikhathi ezimfushane.

Izinyathelo Ezisebenzayo Zokuqinisekisa Ukuthi Uzisho Kusesikhathini

Uma kucatshangelwa ukuthi le mithetho iyinkimbinkimbi futhi iqine kangakanani, ukuthatha izinyathelo ezisheshayo kungenza umehluko phakathi kwesinqumo esingokoqobo nesithiye.

Khulula Konke Ngokushesha

Gcina uhlu oluningiliziwe lwezenzakalo zonke ezihlobene: izinsuku, izikhathi, amagama abantu abahilelekile, ofakazi, nalokho okwashiwo. Gcina ama-imeyili, ukubukeza komdlalo, imisebenzi, nanoma ikuphi ukukhulumela okubhaliwe okungase kusikisele ukuthatheka kweminyaka. Le mibhalo izokusiza ukuba umise usuku oluqondile lwesenzo sokukhipha icala futhi usekele ukumangalela kwakho.

Yenza Kusenesikhathi, Hhayi Ngokufa

Ungalindi kuze kube usuku lokugcina. Ngisho nosuku olulodwa lokulibala lungabulala. Xhumana nommeli wemisebenzi ngokushesha lapho usola ukuthi ungabandlululwa ngeminyaka. Abameli abaningi banikeza ukuxhumana kokuqala ngokukhululekile. Ummeli angabala zonke izikhawu ezisebenzayo futhi acebise ukuthi ungabhala phansi yini ne-EEOC, inhlangano kazwelonke, noma kokubili.

Thumela Isicelo Esilotshiwe Sokulondolozwa

Uma umqashi wakho enesimiso sokulahla amarekhodi ngemva kwesikhathi esimisiwe, thumela isicelo esibhaliwe sokulondoloza zonke izincwadi ezihlobene nomsebenzi wakho kanye nobandlululo okuthiwa lukhona. Lokhu kuvikela ubufakazi futhi kungasiza ekuqapheleni ukuthi ucabangela isaziso.

Umbukiso We - EEOC Ngaphambi Kosuku Lwe - 180

Uma ungabaza ukuthi i-EEOC ingumbuso obekelwe indawo, faka i-EEOC ikhandleka ngezinsuku ezingu-180 ukuba iphephe. Ungabhala njalo ukulungiswa noma ukuphoqelelwa ngemva kwesikhathi, kodwa ngeke ubuye ubuye nezinsuku ezingu-180 lapho zidlula. Icala le-EEOC libuza ukwaziswa okuyisisekelo futhi alifuni ummeli ukuba aqede. Ungafaka u-Equal, ngeposi, noma nge-EEOC Ù nge-eletal ku-mphy.

Hlola Umthetho Ofile Wosuku Olungama - 90

Uma nje uthola incwadi yesokudla, ngokushesha ikhalenda izinsuku ezingamashumi ayisikhombisa ezithathayo. Unganciki ku-EEOC ukukukhumbuza. Abaningi abasho ukuthi banelungelo lokukumangalela ngokuphuthelwa lolu suku lwesibili olumisiwe. Uma udinga isikhathi esengeziwe, ungacela i-EEOC ukuba ithole incwadi kamuva, kodwa ngeke ubhale icala ngaphandle koyedwa.

Isiphetho: Ukuvikela Amalungelo Akho Phakathi Nezenzo Ezifanele

Umthetho wokulinganiselwa kwemingcele yokucwasa owenziwe ngokukhula uyisithiyo esiqinile esidinga ukuthatha isinyathelo esiphuthumayo. Umthetho we-ADEA ophethe izinsuku ezingu - 180 (noma izinsuku ezingu-300 ezisezindaweni ezinde) uphakathi kwesimiso esifushane ngaphansi kwanoma yimuphi umthetho we-compantrement olawulayo wokucwaswa kwemisebenzi. Ukungasikhonzi kusho ukulahlekelwa ikhambi lakho lezwe, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi liphoqelela kangakanani ubufakazi bakho. Imingcele yesikhashana kahulumeni ingaba engathethelelwa ngendlela efanayo. Ngokuqonda usuku lokuqala, ithonya lezenzo zokulwa kwemithetho eqhubekayo, kanye nokudlala phakathi kwezimiso zikahulumeni, ungavikela amalungelo akho angokomthetho. Icebo elihle liba ukuthatha isinyathelo ngokushesha, ugcine imibhalo ephelele, futhi ubuze ummeli osemkhankanyezi. Ngokubonana, ukuvakashela [FL:] EPN.[2]