Table of Contents

I-Regaster Impact Assessments (ama-Aria) iye yaba isisekelo sokuqondisa kwanamuhla, inikeza uhlelo oluhlelekile, olusekelwe ebufakazini lokuhlola imiphumela engenzeka yezimiso ezihlongozwayo ngaphambi kokuba zimiswe. Enkathini yemithetho eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu yezinselele zesimiso sokushintsha isimo sezulu. Ukusuka ekushintsheni kwemicikilisho yezibalo kuya ku-(i-Aria) esemhlabeni wonke ukuqinisekisa ukuthi imithetho iyasebenza, iyasebenza, futhi ihambisana nezinhloso ezibanzi zomphakathi. Ngokuhlaziya izindleko, izinzuzo, nemiphumela engalindelekile, i-RIAss abenzi bemithetho eklanywe kabi engavimbela ukushintshwa kwemiza, ukuphoqelela imithwalo engadingekile, noma ukuhluleka ukufinyelela imiphumela yayo efunwayo. Lesi sihloko sihlola izici eziyisisekelo ze-ria, indima yazo eziwuhluzayo ekubusweni, ezinhlangothini ezinhlangothini ezisebenzayo.

Iyini Ithonya Lokuqondisa?

I-Reathoration I-Assess i-produced Assess ihlaziya ngendlela ehleliwe ehlola imiphumela elindelekile yesicelo sokuqondisa. Ivame ukuqhutshwa phakathi nenkathi yokuthuthuka kwesimiso futhi ihloselwe ukuphendula imibuzo eyisihluthulelo: Iyiphi inkinga ezama ukuxazulula? Ziyini ezinye izindlela? Imiphi imiphumela engenzeka engokomnotho, engokwenhlalo, neyokuziphatha? Futhi ingabe izinzuzo zivumelana nezindleko?

I-RIA akuyona i-oil-oil elingana nobukhulu obubodwa; iyahlukahluka ngokobubanzi nokujula kuye ngokubaluleka komthetho. Nokho, izimiso eziyisisekelo zisebenza emhlabeni wonke: ukuba sobala, ukuthembisana, ukusekela ubufakazi, kanye nokuxhumana okucacile phakathi kwenkinga ekhona nekhambi elihlongozwayo. Izinhlangano ezinjenge ECD[FLT][FLT] isungule izinqubo ezingcono kakhulu amazwe amaningi azamukela futhi azivumelanise nemibandela yawo yokuqondisa.

Ukubaluleka Kokuhlola Izimiso

IMISEBENZI eminingi ebalulekile emvelweni elawula imvelo.

Ukwenziwa Kwesinqumo Esinolwazi

Izimiso ze-athoria zilungile kuphela uma ziwukwaziswa okusekelwe kukho. Ama-RIA anikeza ukuqonda okusekelwe kubufakazi okusiza abenzi bemithetho ukuba baqonde ukudayisa okuzuzwe yikho noma yikuphi ukukhetha okulawulwayo. Ngokwesibonelo, i-RIA ingaveza ukuthi indinganiso yendawo ezungezile ehlongozwayo ingaveza izinzuzo zempilo ezinkulu kodwa futhi iphoqelele izindleko zamabhizinisi amancane. Lokhu kwaziswa kuvumela abenzi besinqumo ukuba balinganise ezinye izisetshenziswa − njengokusetshenziswa kwemiyalulo, ukukhulula, noma usizo lwemali ku--‘ukwamukele indlela eyodwa-yonke inzuzo.

Ukuhlanganyela Esontweni

Izindawo eziphumelelayo zihlanganisa ukuqondisa okuvela kulabo abazothonywa yimithetho: amabhizinisi, umphakathi womphakathi, ochwepheshe bezemfundo, nezinye izinhlangano zikahulumeni. Lokhu kuthembisana kuthuthukisa ukubonakala nokulandisa, kunciphisa ingozi yokubanjwa kwemithetho, futhi ngokuvamile kuveza ukukhathazeka okuwusizo abahlaziyi bedeski abangase balahlekelwe. Uma abagcini bethekisi bebona imibono yabo iboniswa ekuhlolweni kokugcina, [1] Ngisho noma bengamukeleki ngokugcwele, basengozini kakhulu yokusekela umthetho olandelayo.

Ukuhlaziya Izindleko

Isici esiyinhloko sanoma ikuphi i-RIA ukuqhathaniswa okuhleliwe kwezinzuzo nezindleko. Izinzuzo zingahlanganisa impilo engcono yomphakathi, ukuncitshiswa komonakalo wendawo ezungezile, ukuvikelwa kwabathengi okukhushuliwe, noma ukuphumelela okuthuthukisiweyo kwezentengiselwano. Izindleko zingaba eziqondile (izindleko zemali ezicitshwayo, imithwalo encitshisiweyo) noma ingaqondile (ukuncitshiswa, ukuncitshiswa okuncane). Ngokuhlola lezizici lapho kungenzeka, ama-RIA aqinisekisa ukuthi imithetho inikeza inani elihle lenetha emphakathini. [[[FLT: 0] I-Eupropanean Comment’s Great Betterficial Regtion Parame [ iziphano ezicacile zokuhlola izindleko zemithetho emikhulu.

Imfanelo Yokuqondisa

Abalawuli bamandla ukuze balungise inkinga ngokucacile, bacabangele izindlela eziningi, futhi bathethelele ukukhetha kwabo. Lokhu kuyala kuthuthukisa izinga eliphelele lezimiso .=baba yizisulu ezilula, futhi bangabi namthwalo kakhulu, futhi kube lula ukuqikelelwa. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukubekwa kwemithetho esekelwe kusuka emqondweni, ukunciphisa amathuba okusetshenziswa kwedolo noma imithetho esekelwe kwezombangazwe.

Ukulandisa nokubona ngale

Ngokunyathelisa imibiko ye-RIA ehlongozwayo, ohulumeni bavumela izakhamuzi, amabhizinisi, kanye nezindikimba eziqondisayo ukuba zihlole indlela yokucabanga esekelwe emithethweni emisha. Lokhu kuthulula iziqu kwakha ukwethembana komphakathi futhi kunikeza isisekelo senselele engokomthetho uma umthetho ungekho ngokomthetho noma ungenangqondo.

Izingxenye Eziyinhloko Zokuhlinzwa Okubangelwa Umthetho

Nakuba indlela eqondile i - RIA ehlelwe ngayo ihlukahluka, ukuhlola okuphumelela kakhulu kuhlanganisa lezi zingxenye ezilandelayo.

Incazelo Yenkinga

I-RIA kumelwe iyicacise kahle inkinga ehloselwe ukuxoxa ngayo. Lokhu kuhilela ukuchaza ukwehluleka kwemakethe, ukudayiswa, ubuhle bomphakathi, noma enye indaba, kanye nobufakazi bobukhulu bayo nemiphumela yayo. Inkinga engacacile noma engacaci kahle iholela ekusakazeni imithetho engase ingakholeki.

Izinto Ezihlosiwe

Abalawuli kufanele basho imigomo eqondile, eqondekayo, imithetho ehlongozwayo ehloselwe ukufezeka. Izinhloso kufanele zihambisane nesimiso esibanzi futhi zihlotshaniswe ngokwemiphumela kunemiphumela. Ngokwesibonelo, “kunciphe ukufa kwezimoto nge 20% phakathi neminyaka emihlanu” kuwusizo kakhulu kunoku“qinisekisa ukuphepha emgwaqweni.”

Ukuhlola okukhethiwe

I-RIA eqinile ihlola izinketho eziningi zokuqondisa nezingalawuli. Lezi zingahlanganisa:

  • Akukho senzo (umbhalo oyisisekelo): Yini eyenzekayo uma uhulumeni engenzi lutho?
  • I-egratime:[ Izimboni zingayixazulula inkinga ngaphandle kokungenela kukahulumeni?
  • [[Ulwazi:0] Ukwaziswa nemfundo: Iziqondiso zokuzithandela noma imikhankaso yokuqaphelisa umphakathi yanele?
  • [[IZIMISO:0] Izinsimbi zomnotho:[ Intela, izimali, noma imvume yokuthuthwa kungaba ngcono kakhulu kunomthetho oqondile.
  • Isibekelwano se-com: I-project lapho uhulumeni ebeka khona imigomo kanye nezimboni zihlela izindlela.
  • Umyalo ogunyaziwe: Umyalo-nolawulwa wemithetho ngezimfuneko ezithile.

Indlela ngayinye kufanele ihlolwe iqhathaniswa nezinjongo.

Ukuhlaziya Okunethonya

Lokhu kuyingxenye eyinhloko yezesayensi. Ihlola imiphumela engenzeka engokomnotho, ezenhlalo, nasemvelweni yendlela ngayinye. Bobubili ubufakazi obuyindinganiso nobungahlulwa bungasetshenziswa. Imiphumela ingahlukaniswa iqembu labafaki zincwadi (izinkampani, amabhizinisi, uhulumeni, imiphakathi esengozini) ukuze kubonwe imiphumela esakazayo.

Ukuhlola

Ukuhlola umphakathi kuvumela abantu abathintekile ukuba banikeze ukwaziswa, baphawule imiphumela engahlosiwe, futhi basikisele ezinye izindlela. I-RIA kufanele ichaze indlela ukuxoxa okuqhutshwa ngayo, ukuthi bahlanganyelaphi, nokuthi ukusabela kuthonye kanjani ukuhlaziya kokugcina. Ezindaweni eziningi, ukuxoxa kuyimfuneko engokomthetho.

Ukuhlolwa Nokuhlolwa

I-RIA kufanele ihlanganise amalungiselelo okuhlola izimpawu ze-(-asession) zangempela zemiphumela yalo mthetho ngemva kokusetshenziswa. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuhlukanisa izimpawu, izindlela zoqoqo lokwaziswa, kanye ne-wireline yesikhathi sokubukeza. Ama-RIA amahle akha ngezindlela zokubuyisela ezivumela imithetho ukuba ilungiswe uma ingasebenzi ngendlela ehlosiwe.

Izinyathelo Zokuqondisa Umthetho

Inqubo yokuqhuba i -RIA ilandelana ngokulandelana okunengqondo, nakuba kuvamile ukukhipha ukwaziswa okusha njengoba kuvela.

Isinyathelo Sokuqala: Thola Isidingo Sokusho Izwi Linye Futhi Uchaze Inkinga

Qala ngokuqoqa ubufakazi ngalenkinga: ubukhulu bayo, ukuqina, izimbangela eziyisisekelo, nokuthi kungani izimiso noma amandla ezimakethe akhona engakayixazululi.

Isinyathelo Sesibili: Beka Izinhloso Ezicacile

Yimiphi imiphumela eqondile okufanele ifinyelelwe? Izinjongo kufanele zibe nobukhulu ngangokunokwenzeka futhi zihlanganiswe nenkinga. Ngokwesibonelo, uma inkinga iyizinsalela eziphezulu zezibulala zinambuzane ekudleni, umgomo ungase “unciphe ngokwesilinganiso amazinga asele angamashumi amahlanu% phakathi neminyaka emithathu.”

Isinyathelo 3: Hlanganisa Ukwaziswa Nobufakazi

Uma kukhona amagebe okwaziswa, cabangela ukuhlola noma ukusebenzisa uchwepheshe wokukhipha ukwaziswa. Izinga le - RIA lixhomeke ngokuqondile ekutholeni ubufakazi obusemqoka.

Isinyathelo 4: Hlakulela Futhi Ukhiphe Iziqondiso

Yenza uchungechunge lwezinketho ezilindelekile . kusukela ekuthinteni ukukhanya kuya ekubhaleni kuqala. Ngakunye, linganisela izinzuzo nezindleko, kuhlanganise nezindleko zokusetshenziswa nokugcinwa komthetho. Sebenzisa izinhloso njengendinganiso.

Isinyathelo Sesihlanu: Hlaziya Imiphumela Engaba Khona

Uma uhlola ithonya eliningi ngakunye. Lokhu kungahlanganisa ukuveza izimali, ukuhlola izingozi, noma ukuhlaziywa kwemiphumela yezenhlalo. Qaphela imiphumela edluliswayo − ubani owinayo futhi ubani olahlekelwa? Ingabe kunemiphumela engenakulinganiswa emabhizinisini amancane, emizi ethola imali encane, noma emiphakathini eqheleleneyo?

Isinyathelo 6: Ababambi Bemicibisholo Nezigebengu Ezingaphucuzeki

Shicilela incwadi yokuhlola efingqa inkinga, imigomo, ukukhetha, nokuhlola kokuqala. Mema ukuholelwa okubhaliwe, ukuququzelela izindlebe zomphakathi, noma ukuhlanganisa amaqembu aphambili.

Isinyathelo 7: Lungisa Ube Unyathelisa Umbiko We - RIA

Umbiko wokugcina we-RIA kufanele ube yincwadi e-alone engasetshenziswa umfundi ukuqonda umcabango wendlela ekhethiwe. Kufanele uhlanganise ukufingqa kwesikhulu, izincazelo ezicacile zengxenye ngayinye, kanye nokulunga kwesizathu sokuba kukhethwe ukukhetha. Lo mbiko kufanele ukhishwe eceleni komthetho ohlongozwayo ukuze uvumele ukuhlolwa komphakathi nomthetho wephalamende.

Izinselele Ekusebenziseni Ithonya Elilawulayo

Naphezu kwezimfanelo zabo eziningi ezinhle, abantu base - ARIA babhekana nezithiyo zezwe langempela ezingase zidodobalise ukuphumelela kwabo.

Ukusetshenziswa Kwemininingwane Nemfanelo

Imininingwane ethembekile ngokuvamile ayitholakali, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezintsha ezilawulayo noma emazweni asathuthuka. Ngisho noma ukwaziswa kukhona, kungase kube okubhaliwe, okubizayo, noma okuphelelwe isikhathi. Abaqondisi kungase kudingeke bathembele ekucabangeni noma ekwahluleleni okungochwepheshe, okungadala ubandlululo. Izindlela zokuhlela zihlanganisa ukutshala imali ezimananini ezingokomthetho, ukusebenzisa ukuhlaziya ukuzwela, kanye nokwakha imibango edinga ukuhlanganiswa.

Ukumelana Nezisulu

Abanye abafaki-mthetho bangamelana nanoma yimuphi umthetho omusha futhi bazame ukunqikaza lenqubo ngokufaka impikiswano noma ngokucindezela kwezombangazwe. Abanye bangase balawule ukuxoxa ukuze bathuthukise izithakazelo ezilinganiselwe. Ukuze bamelane nalokhu, abaqondisi kufanele bafune imibono ehlukene, basebenzise izinqubo ezibonisayo, futhi baqinisekise ukuthi iqembu le-RIA linenkululeko yokuveza okutholakele ngokungenaphutha.

Ukuvinjelwa Kwemithombo Yezinto

Ukuphatha i-RIA elingana kakhulu kudinga abahlaziyi abanekhono, isikhathi, kanye nohlelo lokusebenzisa imali. Izinhlangano eziningi eziqondisayo, ikakhulukazi emazweni aphansi atholakele, zintula le mithombo. Izinhlelo zokuqeqesha, usizo lobuchwepheshe bezizwe zonke, kanye nezitikethi ze-RIA ezilula zemithetho ephansi ezingasiza.

Ukuhlaziya Okuyinkimbinkimbi

Imiphumela elawulayo ivame ukuncintisana futhi ingabi yi-pane. Ngokwesibonelo, umthetho onciphisa ukungcoliswa komoya ungathinta futhi izindleko zempilo yomphakathi, umkhiqizo wemisebenzi, kanye nezindinganiso zezindawo ezikhona kanye nezindawo eziyinkimbinkimbi. Izisebenzi ezilula zingalahlekelwa yizinhlangothi ezibalulekile. Abalawuli kufanele bavume ukuthi akuqinisekile futhi baveza imiphumela eminingi enengqondo kunokuba banikeze ukunemba okungamanga.

Ukucindezela Kwezombangazwe Nokuphela Kwesikhathi Esifushane

Imijikelezo yezombangazwe ingadala ukucindezela ezimisweni ezisheshayo ngaphandle kwe-RIA. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, inqubo ende ye-RIA ingabambezela ukungenela okuphuthumayo. Ukulinganisela kahle kudinga imithetho ecacile lapho i-RIA iphoqelekile futhi ilungiselelwe izinqubo eziphuthumayo ngokuhlola okusheshayo kodwa okusaqinile.

Imikhuba Emihle Kakhulu Yokuthonya Izimiso Eziphumelelayo

Isebenzisa okuhlangenwe nakho kwezizwe zonke, imikhuba engcono kakhulu elandelayo ingalithuthukisa ngokuphawulekayo inani lama - ARIA.

Ukuhlanganyela Kokuqala Nokuqhubekayo

Abaphakamisi abafake imingcele eqophelweni lokuthola nkinga kuze kube sembhalweni wokugcina. Ukuthembisana ngaphambi kwesikhathi kwakha ukwethembana, kuveza ukuqonda okuwusizo, futhi kunciphisa amathuba okumangala okugcina. Sebenzisa amapulatifomu asemangosini angaphakathi, izimemezelo zomphakathi, futhi kuhloselwe ukufinyelela imiphakathi ethintekile.

Ukukhulumisana Okucacile Ngezinto Ezihlosiwe Nokuthola

Bhala umbiko we-RIA ngolimi olulula, ngokufushanisa okucacile okuqokomisa ukudayiswa nokucaciswa. Gwema ukusebenzisa izincazelo zobuchwepheshe noma ngokweqile. Izinsiza-kubonayo − njengamathebula, amashadi, kanye ne-menugraphy , kungasiza izazi ezingezona ezikhethekile ukuba ziqonde ukuqhathanisa okuyinkimbinkimbi.

Intuthuko Eqhubekayo Nesifundo

Yakha izinqubo zokubukeza i-RIA eqediwe futhi uqhathanise imiphumela ebikezelwe nemiphumela engokoqobo. Sebenzisa lokhu kuqonda ekucwengisiseni izindlela zokulungisa, ukuqondisa okuhlaziyayo, kanye nabahlaziyi bezitimela. AmaBhodi njengezinhlelo zenguquko ye-World Bank

Ukugada Ngokuzimele

Cabanga ngokwakha indikimba ezimele yokuqondisa (isib. ibhodi elihlolayo) ukuze kubukezwe izinga lama-RIA ngaphambi kokuba kuqedwe imithetho.

Ukuqeqesha Nokwakha Isakhiwo Sasedolobheni

Kusebenziseni inzuzo elungiselelweni elivamile lezisebenzi zomphakathi ezisebenza ngezindlela zobuchwepheshe, ukuhlaziywa kwezindleko, amasu okuhlola izibalo, nokuhlobisa. Yakha umphakathi ozosebenza kuhulumeni wonke ukuze uhlanganyele izimali nezifundo zezezimali.

Isabelo

Akuyona yonke imithetho edinga izinga elifanayo lokuhlaziya. Sebenzisa indlela elinganiselwe: iziqondiso ezinamageji aphansi zingadinga ukuhlolwa okufushane, kuyilapho ezinamasu aphezulu kufanele zibhekane ne-RIA egcwele. Lokhu kulondoloza imithombo yemali lapho zidingeka kakhulu khona.

Ukuhlola Izenzakalo Zokuhlolwa Okuphumelelayo Kwezimiso

Izibonelo zezwe langempela zibonisa amandla ama - ARIA athuthukisa imiphumela yokubusa.

Imithetho Yendawo Ezungezile EYurophu

Ngaphansi kwe-Better Regation ehleliwe, i-Europe Commission iqhuba ama-RIA amakhulu ukuze kuqondiswe iziqondiso zendawo ezungezile. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuhlolwa kwezezimboni ze-Egicts Directive kwahlola izindleko zemishini evuselelayo yokulawula ukungcola ezincishisiwe ngenxa yokuncishiswa kwezinto eziyingozi. I-RIA yasiza ekuklameni izinkathi zokushintsha kanye nokusekela ngokwezimali kwezemisebenzi emincane neyobuchwepheshe, okwaholela ekwamukweni kwabasebenzi abafake ezingozini nasemgangathweni wendawo ezungezile.

Imithetho Yempilo Nokulondeka E - United States

IHhovisi Lolwazi ne-Reguary Affairs (OIRA) libukeza zonke izimiso eziphawulekayo. Isibonelo esiphawulekayo singu-2018 sokumisa amazinga aphakeme e-perfluoroalkl kanye nepolyfluoralkyl (PFAS) emanzini okuphuza. Ukuhlolwa kwezesayensi yokudambisa i-ibration, ukuveza, nokulinganisela okubizayo kwezesayensi yokwelapha amanzi. Kwaqokomisa ukuthi nakuba izindleko zokuvuma zazinkulu, izinga lempilo nokulimala kwempilo kanye nokulimala kwentuthuko kwaledlula. Lokhu kunikeza ubufakazi obubonisa ukuthi umthetho nezinselele ezingokomthetho.

Imithetho Yezomnotho E - Australia

I-Office of Best Practice Regation isebenzisa isimiso se-Regural Impacts. Lapho kucatshangelwa ukushintsha kwezezimali, i-RIA iqhathanisa i-aRC nomthetho obekwe ngemishini yezemboni. Lokhu kuhlola kwabonisa ukuthi i-Office yokuqondisa, esekelwa yindikimba elawulayo, ingenza izinhloso zenqubo ngezindleko eziphansi. Ipulani engcono ngaphandle kokuveza i-fintech esunguliweyo, kanye nokuhlola kwamuva kwemithetho kuqinisekisa izinzuzo ezibikezelwe.

Ukuthambekela Kwesikhathi Esizayo Ekuthonyweni Okulawulayo

Umkhuba we-RIA uyaqhubeka uguqukela. Amathuluzi amanani enza ukuqoqwa kokwaziswa nokuhlaziywa ngokushesha futhi aqine kakhulu. Imishini yokuhlola imishini ingasiza ekubikezeleni izindleko zokulalela futhi ibone imiphumela engahlongozwanga. Amanye ama-ovential azama ukuzama “izinto zokulawula izintambo zesikhashana zemithetho” ezivumela ukukhulula kwesikhashana emithethweni kuyilapho imininingwane iqoqwa ukuze kwaziswe i-RIA yesikhathi esizayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunokugcizelela okukhulayo kokuhlanganisa imigomo esekelwe ekuhlolweni okunemiphumela ethinta imiphumela, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi imithetho ayisizi nje kuphela ekusebenzeni kwezomnotho kodwa futhi nasekulondolozeni indawo ezungezile.

Okunye ukuthambekela ukuhlanganiswa kwezindinganiso ze-RIA emhlabeni wonke. Izinhlangano ezinjenge-OECD ne-World Bank zithuthukisa izici ezivamile ezenza ukuqhathaniswa kwezindawo ezidilizwayo kunciphe umthetho owenziwe amabhizinisi embulunga yonke. Njengoba ohulumeni bethatha ngokwandayo “umthetho osemthethweni”, ama-RIA ahlale eyithuluzi elibalulekile lokuqinisekisa ukuthi imithetho ifeza isithakazelo somphakathi ngaphandle kokuthwesa imithwalo engadingekile.

Isiphetho

Imithetho yokulawula ayiyona imithetho ye-bureaucratic Asses ayiyona imithetho esemthethweni; ingcindezelo yezezombangazwe ikhona. Ngokuletha ubufakazi, ukuhlola, nokucabanga okuhleliwe enqubweni yokuqondisa, i-RIAss iziqondiso ezinikeza abenzi bezimiso ezisebenzayo, ezilinganayo, nezisekelwa kakhulu. Nakuba izinselele ezinjengezezikhala zokwaziswa, izingcindezelo zemali, kanye nezingcindezi zezombangazwe zisekhona, ukwamukela imikhuba engcono kakhulu nokuziphendukela kwamathuluzi emishinini kuyaqhubeka kuqinisa ukuqondisa kwe-RIA. Kunoma yimuphi uhulumeni ozimisele ukuveza i-ria, ukulandisa, nokubuyisela imiphumela okuthuthukisa ukuphila kwabantu ngobuqotho, ukuvocaciselwa kwemisebe eqinile yokulungisa i-Assesss ezisebenzayo kakhulu ezikhona.