Inzuzo Eyisisekelo Endaweni Yazo Zonke

Umqondo we-Universal Basic Income usuka emfundisweni ephambene yezomnotho uye esiphakanyisweni sesimiso esiphikiswayo emikhandlwini yamadolobha, emahhovisi omphathi-maya, nasemphakathini emhlabeni wonke. Isikhalo sicacile: nikeza izakhamuzi zonke imali ekhokhelwa njalo, engenamibandela ukuze kuhlangane nezidingo eziyisisekelo, unciphise ubumpofu, kanye nomngcele wokuphazamisa kwezomnotho. Nakuba ingxoxo yomphakathi igxile ekukhishweni kwezinga lezwe, ucwaningo olufundisa kakhulu lwenzeke endaweni, lapho ukuxhaphaza kwemali, ezombangazwe, nalapho ukuphatha kuba okuqinile futhi kungenakugwenywa.

Abashayeli be-UBI bendawo banikeza indawo yokucwaninga ekhethekile yokuhlola imiphumela yangempela yezwe, kodwa futhi badalula izinselele ezivame ukufihlwa yizimboni ezicatshangelwayo. Imiphakathi ephishekela i-UBI yendawo elawulwayo, ukuphikiswa kwezombangazwe, imingcele yekhono lokuphatha, nokungaqiniseki okungokomthetho okungakhubaza ngisho nokuthatha isinyathelo esizimisele kakhulu. Ukuqonda lezi zithiyo zibalulekile kunoma yimuphi umasipala ocabangela uhlelo lwezokushayela kanye nenhlangano ebanzi ekhuthaza inguquko yezentengiselwano yezomnotho.

Inkinga Engokwezimali

Inselele esheshayo nephikelelayo kunoma yisiphi isimiso sendawo se-UBI ukulondolozwa kwezimali ezilondolozwayo. Ngokungafani nohulumeni bezwe abangakhipha imali noma abakhokhela imali, ohulumeni bendawo basebenza ngaphansi kwemithetho eqinile evimbelayo. Izintela zempahla, intela yentengo, nokuthuthwa kwezindawo zikahulumeni kumisa umgogodla wemali kamasipala, futhi le mithombo ivame ukuncishiswa izibopho ezikhona njengesivikelo somphakathi, ukulondolozwa kwezakhiwo, imfundo, nezinkonzo zezempilo.

Ukucabanga Ngezindleko Zangempela

Ngokwesibonelo, i-UBI yendawo elinganiselwe, u-UB, $500 (R1 500) ngenyanga umuntu omdala edolobheni elinabantu abafanelekayo abangu-100 000 bangadinga imali eshibhiwe ngonyaka yamaRandi ayizigidi ezingu-600. Ngomongo, yonke imali esetshenziswa minyaka yonke yedolobha laseMelika eliphakathi isukela ezigidini ezingu-500 kuya ku-R2,5 000 000 000 000 (R1,5 000 000 000 000). Ukuhlanganisa i-UBI kulelonani kungadinga ukwanda okukhulu kwemali noma ukuncishiswa kwezinye izinkonzo. Ohulumeni abaningi bendawo abanakho ukuthenga ngisho nengxenye yalelo nani lamali ngaphandle kokusekela kwangaphandle.

Imithombo ebanzi ehlolwayo ihlanganisa:

  • Ukwandisa imali eholwayo noma intela ekhokhwayo, lapho kuvunyelwa khona ngokomthetho
  • Ukufuna imali kahulumeni noma kahulumeni yokukhokhela izinhlelo zomshayeli
  • Ukuthola izimali ezitholakala ezinhlanganweni zezenhlalakahle ezikhona, njengosizo lwezindlu noma izinzuzo zokudla
  • Ubungane bomphakathi bomuntu siqu nezisekelo zokusizana noma izinhlangano
  • Inzuzo yempahla kamasipala, njengemishini yomphakathi noma intela yendawo
  • Izindawo ezikhethekile zentela noma imali ekhokhelwayo yentela

Ngayinye yalezindlela ithwala ukuthutha kwentengiselwano. Intela ibhekene nokumelana kwezombangazwe futhi ingaxosha amabhizinisi noma izakhamuzi ezithola imali engaphezulu. Imali enikezwayo ivame ukuba nemingcele yesikhathi futhi ingangeni ezinhlelweni ezinde. Ukuthutha ngempela kulimaza abantu abasengozini yokulimala abancike ezinkonzweni ezihloselwe. Ukubambisana kobufelove kungadala ukuncika kubantu abangaphandle abanikelayo abangase bashintshe izinto eziza kuqala.

Ukuncipha Kwamandla Emali Nokusonteka Kwabathengisi

Izazi zezomnotho zikhomba ukukhathazeka okucashile kakhulu kodwa okungathi sína ngokulinganayo: ukujova izizumbulu zemali engenakukhokhwa ezomnotho zendawo kungangenisa amanani ezindlu, ikakhulukazi ezimpahla ezidingekayo. Uma abanikazi belindele ukuthi abaqashi bazothola imali ye-UBI, bangaphakamisa intela ngokuhambelana, bathathe ingxenye yokuthutha. Ngokufanayo, amabhizinisi endawo angandisa intengo uma bazi ukuthi abathengi banemali encishisiwe. Ithonya lingaba ukuthi abaqashi babona intuthuko encane yangempela ekuthengeni imali kuyilapho abangewona abaphathi bengase babhekane nezindleko zokuphila eziphezulu.

Lokhu kusebenza okukhulu ikakhulukazi emadolobheni anezindawo zokulala eziqinile. I-UBI endisa isidingo sezindawo zokuqasha ngaphandle kokwanda kwenkokhelo iyozuzisa ngokuyinhloko abanikazi bempahla, hhayi abaqashi. noma imuphi umklamo we-UBI owenzelwayo wezwe kumelwe uhlanganise izinqubo ezihlanganisayo[ njengokuqasha, ukuqoqwa kwezindlu, noma ukuhlelwa kwenani lemali ukuze kuvinjelwe ukunyuka kwenani lemali.

Izindleko Zamathuba Nemisebenzi Yokuhweba

Ohulumeni bendawo kumelwe bahlole izinzuzo zesimiso semali emhlabeni wonke ngokumelene nezinkonzo ezingase zinciphe. Imali ngayinye esetshenziswa ku-UBI iyidollar engachithwanga ezikoleni zomphakathi, ekulungiseni umgwaqo, emaphakini, emitatsheni, emitatsheni yezincwadi, noma emitholampilo. Lemitholampilo ibuhlungu kakhulu emiphakathini ezama ukuhlangabezana nezinga eliphezulu lenkonzo. Abasekeli kumelwe bazimisele ukuphikisa ukuthi ukuthutha imali kuveza imiphumela engcono kunemisebenzi abayithathayo, iphuzu elidinga ubufakazi obuqinile bendawo kanye nokuhlola okuqotho okubizayo.

Ukumelana Nezenhlalo Nezombangazwe

Ngisho nalapho kutholakala imali, izinyathelo zendawo ze - UBI zivame ukuphikwa kakhulu izakhamuzi, izikhulu ezikhethiwe namaqembu omphakathi anethonya.

Impikiswano Ebangela Ukungavumelani Kwezimpikiswano

Ukugxekwa okuphikelela kakhulu kwe-UBI kuwukuthi kuzakunciphisa isikhuthazo sokusebenza, kuholele ekuhoxiseni izisebenzi ngokuzifunela umsebenzi nokuthembela kakhulu. Le mpikiswano ithinta kakhulu imiphakathi lapho ukuzithemba nokuzimela kuyizindinganiso eziyisisekelo zempucuko. Abezombangazwe bendawo abasekela i-UBI bazifaka engozini yokubizwa ngokuthi bakhuthaza ubuvila noma abantu abavuzayo abakhetha ukungasebenzi.

Ubufakazi obuvela kubashayeli bezindiza abakhona, njengohlelo lwe-Stockton BRED eCalifornia naseFinland, busikisela ukuthi ukukhokha imali elinganiselwe akubangela ukuhoxa okungenamibandela okungadingekile ukuphuma kwezisebenzi eziphoqelelwe. Eqinisweni, abaningi abamukela imishini basebenzisa imali ukuze baqhubeke nemfundo, baqale amabhizinisi amancane, noma bathole umsebenzi ongcono. Nokho, izimpikiswano zezombangazwe zendawo zivame ukuqhutshwa ngokuqonda kunokuba ziqondiswe. ukusekela komphakathi kudinga imfundo eqhubekayo yomphakathi [[ ezithintana ngokuqondile nalezi zindaba zezindawo kanye nangezibonelo zendawo nokubika okucace.

Ukuhlukana Kwezombangazwe Nokwakha Ngobunye

UBI akangeni kahle ezigabani zezombangazwe ezingokwesiko zesokhohlo elifanele. Abaxhasi bahlanganisa abaxhasi abakhetha ukuthatha indawo yezwe lezenhlalakahle ngesimiso semali esilula, ababheki phambili abawubheka njengethuluzi lobulungisa bezomnotho, nabaxhasi abanesithakazelo ekusebenzeni kahle kwezekhono lokulawula. Abaphikisi basukela kubantu abanolwazi oluqinile abamelene nanoma yiziphi izisholo ezintsha ezisetshenziswayo ezisekela inxele ezikhathazayo ukuthi i-UBI izolulaza umsebenzi ohleliwe noma ithathele indawo yezinzuzo ezibangeniswe kakhulu.

Lokhu kunciphisa kwenani kwenza kube nzima ukwakha imifelandawo yonke edingekayo ukuze kudluliswe umthetho wendawo. Ilungu lomkhandlu wedolobha noma isikhulu se-Amperar elisekela i-UBI kumelwe lisebenzise izithakazelo eziphikisanayo, lilondeke ekuthengeni ezinyulweni zezisebenzi, emabhizinisini, abaxhasi bezenhlalakahle, nabameleli bomphakathi, futhi lilawule amathemba abantu abangase babe nezinto eziza kuqala ezihlukile. [[FLT: 0] [i-UBI] imikhankani engenisa iziphakamiso zendawo engenisa izinkonti zesivumelwano zezisebenzi [[ kude kakhulu ngaphambi kokuba kuvezwe noma isilinganiso esithile sokukhokha intela noma umthetho.

Ukuqina Nokwamukela Izenhlalo

Emabandleni lapho ubumpofu buhlaziswa khona, abamukela izinhlelo bangase babe namahloni ukwamukela lokho abanye abakubheka njengezenzo. Umphakathi wonke uhloselwe ukuqeda lesisihlazo ngokuhlanganisa wonke umuntu, kodwa iqiniso linzima kakhulu. Uma uhlelo lubhekwa njengolungabantu abampofu, ngisho nokwebiwa kwendawo yonke kungabangela ihlazo. Abaholi bomphakathi kumelwe bahlele uhlelo njengemali yokutshala imali kuzo zonke izakhamuzi, hhayi njengendawo yokusiza abasweleyo. Izindaba zolimi, kanye nenzuzo eyisisekelo ngokwayo ingathwala impahla yezombangazwe. Ezinye izinhlelo zibuye zibhekwe njengenzuzo, izikweleti, noma ukukhokhwazwa kwezomnotho ukuze kuncishiswe ukwenqaba.

Amaqiniso Okuphatha Nawobuciko

Ukunikeza uhlelo lwe - UBI yendawo kudinga amakhono ohulumeni abaningi bakamasipala antulayo. Izinselele zokusebenza zisukela ekutholeni abafanelekeli kuya ekusakazeni izimali ngokulondekile nasekuvimbeleni ukukhwabanisa.

Ukuphumelela Nokubhalisa

Ngisho nohlelo lwendawo yonke ludinga indlela yokuqinisekisa indawo yokuhlala nenkathi, ukuvimbela ukubhalisa okukodwa, nokuhlaziya amarekhodi abantu abawabhalayo njengoba behamba bengekho ezindaweni ezibukweni. Lokhu kudinga ukuba kube nokubhalisa okunokwethenjelwa kwabantu, okungase kungabi khona emadolobheni amaningi. Ngokwesibonelo, e-United States, asikho isimiso se-ID yesizwe, futhi ohulumeni bendawo ngokuvamile bathembela ezikweletini zezenzuzo, ezivumelwaneni, noma emalayisensini okusekela imvume yokusungula indawo yokuhlala. Le mithombo ingaba yizengwa, ikakhulukazi izakhamuzi ezingathembekile, abantu abahlala ngaphandle kwekhaya, noma abahlala emikhayeni noma ezindlini ngokwethulwa.

Ukucabangela kuhlanganisa:

  • Ukunquma ukuthi kufanele yini uhlanganise nezingane, abantu abangaboshiwe, noma abantu ababoshiwe
  • Ukusungula inqubo elula yokubhalisa engadingi ukutholakala kuyi - Internet noma ukubhalwa kwezincwadi okubonisa ukuthi abantu abasengozini abanayo
  • Hlaziya amarobolondo njengoba abantu beguga beba abavulekayo noma bethutha
  • Ukuxhumana nezinye izingosi zikahulumeni ukuze kugwenywe amakhophi

Izakhiwo Ezibhakiwe

Ukwabela amashumi ezinkulungwane zezakhamuzi imali ekhokhwa njalo kudinga isimiso esithembekile sokukhokha. Izinketho zihlanganisa ukukhokha imali ngokuqondile, amakhadi edebit, amapulatifomu ahambayo, noma ngisho nezisekisi ezingokoqobo. Ngazinye izikweleti eziqondile zidinga ama-akhawunti ebhange, lezo izakhamuzi eziningi ezithola imali ephansi ezingenazo. Amakhadi akhokhelwayo angathwala izindleko futhi angalahleka noma abiwe. Imali ehambayo idinga ukufinyelela nokufunda kwamanani. Ukukhetha inqubo yokukhokha kunganquma ukuthi ubani ngempela othola inzuzo [ nokuthi zingangakanani izindleko ezithengwa ngayo.

Ohulumeni bendawo abasebenza nezinkampani zezezimali bathola inzuzo yezezimali zanamuhla kodwa kumelwe baxoxe ngezivumelwano ezisekela imininingwane, i-protocol yokhuseleko, nezindinganiso zokuvikela abathengi. Abathengisi bekhiye nezindleko bafaka izingozi zangempela, ikakhulukazi uma umshini ulingana nomshayeli wendiza kuya ekuthatheni isinyathelo esihlala njalo.

Ukuba Wedwa Kwemininingwane Yezokwelapha Nokulondeka

Uhlelo lwe-UBI lungenisa ukwaziswa okuthinta inhliziyo nemali engxenyeni enkulu yomphakathi. Ukuvikela le mininingwane ekuphukeni, ekusebenziseni kabi, noma ekungeneni okungekho emthethweni kuwumthwalo wemfanelo omkhulu. Ohulumeni bendawo ngokuvamile abanakho ubuchwepheshe nemithombo yezobuchwepheshe ye-inthaneti enayo izinhlangano ezinkulu zikahulumeni. Ukudilika kokwaziswa kungadalula izimpawu zezakhamuzi, amazinga emali, nokwaziswa kokubhange, kubangele umonakalo ohlala njalo nokuncishiswa komphakathi esimisweni.

Imininingwane yeRobust kumele iqondiswe ama-sakhelo:

  • Izindinganiso zokubhala okuyimfihlo zokwaziswa uphumlile nakulendleleni ehanjiswayo
  • Ulawulo lokungena lunqabela ukuthi ngubani ongabona noma alungise ukwaziswa komamkeli
  • Ukuvala imininingwane nokususa
  • Izimfuneko zokuphepha kwengxenye yesithathu yezohwebo
  • Ukubona ngale ukuthi iqoqwa ngamuphi umniningo nokuthi usetshenziswa kanjani
  • Ukuhlola nokuqondisa okuzimele

Ukuvimbela Ukukhwabanisa

Noma isiphi isimiso sokuthutha imali sikhanga imizamo yokuphamba, kuhlanganise ukwebiwa kwemininingwane, ukukotshelwa kwemininingwane, nokukhomba okunganembile. Nakuba ukukhomba kwe-UBI emhlabeni wonke kunciphisa ezinye izigijimi zokukhwabanisa, akuziqedi. Ohulumeni bendawo kumelwe bafake imali ezimisweni eziqinisekile, iziphequluli nezinye izisekelo zokuhlola, kanye nekhono lokuhlola. Nokho, ukuvimbela ukukhwabanisa ngonyazo okunzima, kungadala imithwalo yokuphatha engahambisani nabamukela ngokusemthethweni futhi ilulaze izinhlelo.

Izifundo Ezivela Kubashayeli Bezindiza Bezwe Langempela

Ukuhlola okuningi okwenziwa endaweni nasemazweni akuyo kuye kwaveza ukuqonda okuwusizo ngezinselele eziwusizo zokusebenzisa i - UBI.

Uhlelo lwe-Stockton

I-Stockton Economic Expression yanikeza izakhamuzi ezingu-125 ezikhethelwe ngemali engu-R340 ngenyanga izinyanga ezingu-24. Lolu hlelo lwabonisa ukuthi abamukela leyo mali ngokuyinhloko basebenzisela izinto ezibalulekile njengokudla, izinto ezisemzimbeni, kanye nokuhamba. Imisebenzi yanda ngempela phakathi kwalabo abathatha isigaba uma kuqhathaniswa neqembu labalawuli. Nokho, uhlelo lwaluyimali encane futhi ngokuyinhloko ixhaswe ngeminikelo yabasizi, futhi ayixhaswanga imali yomphakathi. Isilinganiso salo siphakamisa imibuzo mayelana nokuthi kwenzekani uma izindleko zimiswa, inselele ukuthi noma isiphi isimiso sezindiza kumelwe sibhekane nayo.

Funda okwengeziwe ngohlelo lweStockton RETD

Umzamo wesizwe wase Finland

IFinland yayinomshayeli wendiza oneminyaka emibili kusukela ngo-2017 kuya ku-2019, inikeza abantu abangu-2 000 abangasebenzi abane-CR260 ngenyanga futhi bengenazimo futhi bengenasidingo sokufuna umsebenzi. Imiphumela yabonisa ukuthi abamukela isilinganiso esiphezulu sokuhlala kahle nokucindezeleka kuneqembu labalawuli, kodwa imiphumela yomsebenzi yayingehlukile kakhulu. Ukuhlolwa kwezezombangazwe kwakubhekene nokulinganiselwa kwezombangazwe kusukela ekuqaleni: akubanga sendaweni yonke, akuzange kuthathele indawo izinzuzo ezikhona, futhi kwaphela ngaphandle kokushintsha kwenqubo yesizwe. IFinland iqokomisa igebe phakathi kwemiphumela ye-injini yezindiza nezenzo zezombangazwe.

Icala LaseKenya Ngokungacasuli

Olunye ucwaningo olukhulu kakhulu lwe-UBI lwenziwa yi-PireDirectly eKenya esemaphandleni, lapho izinkulungwane zemikhaya zithola khona imali ethunyelwa njalo iminyaka engu-12. Imiphumela yokuqala ibonisa ukuthuthukiswa kokuphepha kokudla, impilo yengqondo, nomsebenzi wezomnotho. Ukuqulwa kwecala futhi kuveza izinselele zokuphatha ezindaweni ezikude, kuhlanganise nokuqinisekisa ukukhokhwa okunokwethenjelwa ngeminyango yemali ehambayo nokugcina izivumelwano ezithatha isikhathi eside. Isilinganiso naleli tyala kusenza kube ngenye yemithombo efundisa kakhulu yobufakazi obusezingeni elide le-UBI.

[ Ukukhipha ukutadisha okungagunyaziwe kwe-UBI eKenya

Izithiyo Ezingokomthetho Neziyimpicabadala

Imithetho kahulumeni nohulumeni ingacindezela noma iqede izinyathelo ze - UBI yendawo ngezindlela abasekeli bezombangazwe ngokuvamile abangazinaki.

Ukukhululwa Negunya Elingokomthetho

Izifundazwe eziningi zinemithetho evimbela ohulumeni bendawo ukuba bazenzele izinhlelo zabo siqu zokusekela iholo, izinhlelo zentela, noma izinzuzo ezisekelwe emakhaya. Ngokwesibonelo, e-United States, ezinye izifundazwe zinqabela amadolobha ukuba amise imithetho yawo elinganiselwe yeholo, futhi imingcele efanayo ingasebenza ezimisweni zokudlulisa imali. Abashayeli be-UBI bendawo bangafuna ukugunyazwa kwemithetho yezemithetho noma ukumiswa kwemithetho, ukuveza ungwengwengwezi lobunkimbinkimbinkimbi obunganciphisa noma luvimbe ukumiswa kwezombangazwe.

Ngisho noma izinhlelo zendawo zinganqatshelwe ngokuqondile, kumelwe ziqondise ukusebenzelana nezinzuzo zikahulumeni nombuso okhona. Abatholi be-Someral Security Infit, izitembu zokudla, noma abaxhasi bezindlu bangabona izinzuzo zabo zincishisiwe uma iUBI ikhokha njengeholo. Lokhu kungalulaza umgomo wohlelo wokunciphisa ubumpofu futhi kubangele izisusa eziphambene. Ukusekela nezinye izinhlangano zikahulumeni ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-UBI ayiwulimazi owamukelayo umthwalo omkhulu wokulawula.

Ukufuduka Nokuhlala

Izinhlelo zendawo i-UBI zibhekene nenselele eyingqayizivele engenziwa izinhlelo zesizwe: abantu bangathutha. Uma idolobha linika zonke izakhamuzi u-R1,50 ngenyanga, lingadonsa abafuduki abathola imali ephansi abavela ezifundeni ezingomakhelwane, licindezela uhlelo lwemali kanye nokwakha i-palsyt yasekhaya. Ngokuphambene, izakhamuzi ezitheleka kakhulu zingayeka ukugwema ukukhokhela intela. Imiphumela yokufuduka kwenetha kunzima ukubikezela futhi ngisho nokulawula. Ezinye izicelo zalokhu ngokufuna isikhashana sokuhlala ngaphambi kwe-inkignig, kodwa izimo ezinjalo zilulaza ukukhokha i-mftware ye-UBIO.

[ Imithetho efundekayo kumele ilinganise:

  • Ukugwema ukuxhashazwa abantu abahlala isikhathi esithile
  • Ukugcina uhlelo olungenisekile lwezakhamuzi ezihlala isikhathi eside
  • Ukugwema ukucwaswa ezigabeni ezivikelwe
  • Ukuzivumelanisa nezindlela zokufuduka ezishintshashintsha isikhathi esithile noma ezishintshashintshayo

Ukulinganisa Impumelelo Nomphumela Owothusayo

Izinhlelo zendawo ze - UBI kumelwe zichaze ukuthi impumelelo injani futhi zivote imali eningi kangakanani.

Ukukhetha Ama - metric

Izikhombi ezivamile zezomnotho njengenani lemisebenzi, amazinga emali, nobumpofu zibalulekile kodwa anele. Abasekeli be-UBI bavame ukugcizelela izinyathelo ezibanzi zokuhlala kahle, kuhlanganise nempilo yengqondo, ukulondeka kokudla, ukuqina kwezindlu, imiphumela yemfundo yezingane, nokubambisana komphakathi. Izinhlelo zendawo kumelwe zinqume ukuthi yimuphi umphumela obaluleke kakhulu emphakathini wakubo nokuthi zingabalinganisa kanjani ngokufanele. Ukuhlolwa, imininingwane yokuphatha, nezingxoxo zokuhlanganisa zonke zinendima.

Izikhombi ezilandela kuphela zihlanganisa:

  • Ubunzima obungokwenyama nokungalondeki kokudla
  • Isimo sempilo engokomzimba nengokwengqondo
  • Izikhundla zomsebenzi nokubaluleka komsebenzi
  • Ukufinyelela imfundo nokukhula kwengane
  • Ukuzinza kwezindlu nokungabi nakhaya
  • Ukwethembana nomphakathi nokuhlanganyela kuwo
  • Imisebenzi yezezomnotho yasendaweni kanye nokwakhiwa kwebhizinisi

Amaqembu Alawulayo Nokungavumelani

Ukunquma ukuthi i-UBI ibangela imiphumela ephawulwe kahle, izinhlelo zidinga ukuhlelwa okungakholeki. Ukulingwa okungalawuleki kuyindinganiso yegolide kodwa okubizayo nokuyinkimbinkimbi. Amasusi-ekhofi asebenzisa amaqembu okuqhathanisa ahambelanayo noma ukuphindela emuva kunganikeza ubufakazi obuwusizo ngezindleko eziphansi, kodwa kudinga ukukhiqizwa ngokucophelela ukuze kugwenywe ubandlululo. Izinhlelo zendawo ezinemali elinganiselwe kumelwe zinqume ukuthi zingaba zingakanani ukutshala isambazo ngokuhlola kanye nezinzuzo eziqondile, ukuhwebela ngaphandle okungenampendulo elula.

Ukulandelela Isikhathi Eside

Imiphumela ye-UBI ingathatha iminyaka ukubonakala ngokugcwele. Abashayeli bezindiza abafushane bangalahlekelwa imiphumela ebalulekile enjengokushintsha kwezindlela zemfundo zabantwana ezithatha isikhathi eside, ukushintshana kwezimiso zomphakathi, noma imiphumela ephakathi kobumpofu. Ukusekela imali eqinile ukuze kuhlolwe iminyaka eminingi akuvamile kodwa kubalulekile ekukhiqizeni ulwazi olunokwethenjelwa.

Izinhlangano ezinjenge-Stanford Basic Indome Lab ne-OECD zinikeza isiqondiso sezindlela zokuhlola futhi zisiza ekuhlanganiseni izinhlelo zendawo nobuchwepheshe bokucwaninga. Ukuhlelwa kodokotela nezifundiswa kuqinisa kokubili isizukulwane sezinhlelo nobufakazi.

[[Uhambo:0] Ukuvakashela i-Stanford Isisekelo se-Lab

Funda ukuhlaziywa kwe-OECD's kokuthatha izinyathelo eziyisisekelo zeholo [

Indlela Engaphambili

Izinselele ze - UBI yendawo ezibhekene nazo zinzima, kodwa azizona izingqinamba ezingenakunqotshwa. imiphakathi efinyelela ukufinyelela ukumiswa ngokuthobeka, ukubonakala, nokuzimisela ukufunda isendaweni engcono kakhulu yokunqoba izithiyo futhi iveze ubufakazi obunganikeza ushintsho olubanzi esimisweni.

Abashayeli Bezindiza Abanezicathulo Nomklamo Ozenza Ikhetheke

Kunokuba baqalise uhlelo oluphelele oluphelele ngobusuku obubodwa, omasipala abaningi baqala ngabashayeli abancane, abalinganiselwe isikhathi abavumela ukuhlolwa, ukuhlolwa, nokulungisa. Izindlela ezifingqiwe zinciphisa izingozi zemali, ukwakha ukuthembeka kwezombangazwe, nokuveza ukwaziswa okungasetshenziswa ekucwengisiseni imingcele yohlelo ngaphambi kokulinganisa. Banikeza futhi amathuba okusingatha izinkinga ezingalindelekile ngesilinganiso esingalawuleki.

Umngane womsebenzi ophambanayo

Awukho uhulumeni wendawo ongasebenzisa i-UBI iyodwa. Izinhlelo eziphumelelayo zisebenzisa izinhlelo zokubambisana nesisekelo sokuphana, abacwaningi bezemfundo, abaphathi bezezimali, izinhlangano zomphakathi, namanye amazinga ohulumeni. Laba bahlobana baletha imithombo yemali, ubuchwepheshe, kanye nelungelo lokuba omasipala bangabi nayo ngaphakathi. Badala futhi inqubo yokuziphendulela nokuthenga okuhlukahlukene.

Ukuba Umnikazi Womphakathi Nokukhipha Intando Yeningi

Izinhlelo eziklanywe ngokubambisana nemiphakathi eziyikhonzayo zivame ukwamukelwa, ukwethenjwa, futhi ziphumelele. Ukuhlanganyela ekuhleleni imali, ukunikeza izitembu zomphakathi, ukuzwa umphakathi, nokuthatha izithuba kuqinisekisa ukuthi amazwi abamukeli nabangaqondiyo aklanywe ngendlela efanayo. Lokhu ukubusa ngentando yeningi kuvame ukuba umehluko phakathi komshayeli ozilawulayo nowehla ngaphansi kokucindezela kwezombangazwe.

Ukubheka Phambili

Inhlangano ye-UBI yendawo isencane, kodwa ukuhlola kwayo kokuqala kufundisa izifundo ezizonikeza isimiso sezomnotho amashumi amaningi eminyaka. Izinselele zokuxhasa imali, ezombangazwe, ukuphatha, nokuhlola zingokoqobo, kodwa futhi zingamathuba okusungula izinselele. Izindawo ezibhekene nalezi zinselele ngokwethembeka futhi ngokuhlelekile zakha inzuzo yomphakathi: ubufakazi bokuthi yini esebenzayo, ukuthi yini engekho, nokuthi kunganjani ukwenza ukulondeka kwezomnotho kube yinto engokoqobo kuzo zonke izakhamuzi. Indlela yokuthola inzuzo eyisisekelo nganoma yiliphi izinga likahulumeni edlula kulezizindawo zokucwaninga zendawo, lapho inkolelo eyinkimbinkimbi, umsebenzi wokwakha izomnotho.