Table of Contents

Imisebenzi Engokomthetho Egcwele Emacala Obudlova Asekhaya

Amacala obudlova basekhaya awavamile ukulingana kahle neqembu elilodwa elingokomthetho. Izisulu zizithola zihamba ngezinkantolo zomphakathi ukuze zithole iziyalezo zokuvikela lapho zisebenzelana kanye nezinkantolo zomkhaya zelungelo lokuhlala umntwana, isehlukaniso, noma ukuvakashela izimoto. Lolu hambo olubili lwesimiso lungadida, luqedeke ngokomzwelo, futhi lungaqiniswe ngokomthetho. Ukuqonda ukuthi ukumelana kwesizwe nomthetho womkhaya kubaluleke kangakanani hhayi nje kuphela kochwepheshe abangokomthetho kodwa futhi nakwezezezenqabela, nakubenzi bemithetho, nabesindelayo. Uma lezizimiso ezimbili zisebenza ngokuvumelana, zinganikeza ukulondeka okubanzi nokuzinzika okuthatha isikhathi eside. Uma ziphikisana, izisulu zingabhekana nemithetho ephikisanayo, izikhala, noma ngisho nokuphindisela. Lesi sihloko sihlola izihloko eziveza izinselele, izinselele, futhi lezo zingenza isimiso esisebenza ngokwengeziwe kusebenze.

Kuyini Ukulahlwa Kwezakhamuzi Emkhakheni Wobudlova Basekhaya?

Ukunqanda ukunqanda ukuxhashazwa kwemithetho kubhekisela ekuqulweni kwecala okungaqedi ukuxazulula izingxabano phakathi kwezingxabano zangasese. Emongweni wobudlova wasekhaya, ikhambi elivamile liyisivikelo, futhi libizwa nangokuthi uhlelo lokuvimbela noma ukuhleleka kwesivikelo. Lemiyalo iklanyelwe ukuvimbela ukuxhashazwa okwengeziwe ngokuvimbela ukuhlangana, ukunqanda ukunqanda ukunqanda ukuphathana, futhi ngezinye izikhathi idinga umxhaphazi ukuba akhiphe izibhamu. Izinkantolo zomphakathi zisingatha izindaba ezinjengokucela impoqo, izicelo zokusetshenziswa okukhethekile kwekhaya, kanye nokulungisa iziyalezo ezikhona lapho izimo zishintsha. Ngokungafani nokubekwa kwecala lomthetho, okulethwalwa kwezindawo zokuvikela izisulu nokuvikela ukukhululeka komphakathi, kuncishisiwe kungaphansi kwesiqinisekiso sokukhokhwaza kobufakazi obutholakalayo obusemkhanselweni wobugebengu obungadiselwayo.

Izinhlobo Zezimiso Zomphakathi Ezivikelayo

Iziqondiso zokuvikela zivela ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene kuye ngenkathi i-oda ekhona, futhi zihlala izinsuku ezimbalwa kuphela kuze kube yilapho ukuzwa okuphelele kugcinwa. Iziyalezo ezivikelayo (i-EPOs) zivame ukukhishwa yi-application yomthetho noma ijaji e- hexte inxenye ye-[[FLT]], isho ukuthi ngaphandle komxhaphazi okhona, futhi zihlala izinsuku ezimbalwa kuphela kuze kube yilapho izindlebe eziphelele zigcinwa. Iziqondiso zesikhashana ezivikelayo (TPO) zikhishwa igebede kuze kube igebe lokugcina, neziqondiso zokugcina (FPO) zinganikeza izinyanga noma ngisho neminyaka edlulile. Izikhulu zikahulumeni zinikeza izikhalo eziwubufakazi zokwenzile, noma ukuhlasela ngokobulili. Le mithetho yomphakathi izimele noma ukukhipha icala lobugebengu.

Indima Yezinkantolo Zombango Ekuhlelweni Kokuphepha

Izinkantolo zombango zivame ukuba yindawo yokuqala yokuzivikela. Umthetho owenzelwe kahle wokuvikela ungadala isithiyo esingokomthetho esivumela izisulu ukuba zihlale emakhaya azo, zigcine ukugcinwa kwezingane zazo, futhi zilondoloze umsebenzi. Izinkantolo zingayala futhi ukuba kungenelwe izinhlelo zokungenela, ukuhanjelwa, noma ukululekwa njengezimo zokuhleleka. Nokho, ukuphumelela kohlelo oluvikelayo kuxhomeke ekuqikelweni kwemithetho. Uma amaphoyisa ehluleka ukusabela ekuphathweni kwemithetho noma uma izinkantolo zomkhaya kamuva zilungisa umthetho ngaphandle kokucabangela umlando wokuxhashazwa, ikhambiso lomphakathi lingalahlekelwa amandla alo.

Umthetho Womkhaya Nobudlova Basekhaya: I - Arena Ephakeme

Izinkantolo zemikhaya zisingatha izinqumo ezithinta kakhulu ezithinta imikhaya: ukuphathana kwezingane, isikhathi sokukhulisa izingane, ukusekela izingane, ukusekelana komshado, nesehlukaniso. Uma ubudlova basekhaya buyisici, zonke izinqumo ziveza imiphumela yokuphepha. Isimiso esiqondisayo somthetho womkhaya “isithakazelo esingcono kakhulu sengane,” kodwa leyondinganiso kumelwe itshelwe ukuthi iyiqiniso. Izinkantolo zinikezwa isibopho sokubheka ubudlova basekhaya njengesici esiyinhloko ekunqumeni ilungelo lokuhlala nabantwana. Ngokwesibonelo, amazwe amaningi anemibono ehlukile ngokumelene nokuthola ilungelo lokuwina inyumba yomzali owenze ubudlova. Nokho ukusetshenziswa kwemithetho kuyahluka kakhulu, futhi ngezinye izikhathi kuthola ukuthi izisulu zilulaza ukuxhasha kwenkantolo noma ziphethe ukuthi ukwehlukana kululaza ingozi.

Ukuwinwa Kwabantwana Nokuvakashelwa: Ukucindezeleka Phakathi Kokuphepha Namalungelo Omzali

Enye yezindawo eziphikisana kakhulu yindawo yokuhlangana kweziqondiso zokuvikela nokuhlela ukuba umzali. Inkantolo yomphakathi inganikeza umyalo ovikelayo ohlanganisa ilungiselelo elingahlangani, kodwa inkantolo yomkhaya ingawulungisa kamuva lowo myalo ukuze inikeze isikhathi sobuzali, icabanga ukuthi bobabili abazali banelungelo lobuhlobo nengane. Lokhu kungadala ukungqubuzana okuqondile. Ukucwaninga kubonisa ukuthi abaxhaphazi ngokuvamile basebenzisa ukunikezwa ilungelo lokuwinwa kwelungelo njengendlela yokuqhubeka nokulawula, ukuthatha izivumelwano ngokuziphindaphinda, ukuphoqashaza ukuthatha indiva okungadingekile, noma ukubeka icala lokungadingekile okungadingekile, noma ukubeka isisulu sokuhlukaniswa kwabazali. Ngaphandle kokusebenzisa iziqondiso ezihlangene, isivikelo somphakathi singalulazwa yinkantolo engenayo umfanekiso ogcwele wokuxhaphaza.

Isehlukaniso Nokusetshenziswa Kabi Kwemali

Ukuxhashazwa kwezimali kuyisici esivamile sobudlova basekhaya, futhi izinkantolo zemikhaya kumelwe zibhekane nokuhlukana kwempahla, ukusekelana komshado, kanye nokunikezwa kwezikweletu ngendlela engakuvumeli ukulawulwa okuqhubekayo. Izisulu zingacindezelwa ukuba zingene ezindaweni ezingezinhle ngenxa yokwesaba noma ukuntuleka kokwaziswa okungokwezimali. Imithetho yomphakathi enikeza ukusetshenziswa okukhethekile kwekhaya noma ukusekela kwesikhashana ingasiza ekuhleleni inkundla yokudlala, kodwa uma inkantolo yomkhaya kamuva ihlukanisa izinto ngaphandle kokucabangela ukuxhashazwa, isisulu singahlala sibambene ngokwezomnotho. Futhi, izimiso ezimbili kumelwe zikhulume nesinye.

Izindawo Eziyinhloko Zokwehla Kwemingcele Yangaphakathi Nomkhaya

Ukuhlangana komthetho womphakathi nowomkhaya ezimweni zobudlova zasekhaya kubonakala kakhulu ezindaweni ezintathu eziyinhloko: iziyalezo zokuvikela ezithinta ilungelo lokuhlala nabantwana, izenzakalo ezihambisanayo ezibangela amaphupho amabi aqhubekayo, nesidingo sobufakazi obusekela izinkantolo.

1. Iziqondiso Zokuvikela Nokuzimisela Ukuwinwa Kwabantwana

Uma inkantolo yesizwe ikhipha umyalo wokuvikela, ingahlanganisa amalungiselelo mayelana nokuwinwa kwabantwana nokuvakashelwa njengengxenye yosizo oluphuthumayo. Nokho, la malungiselelo ngokuvamile angewosikhashana, futhi inkantolo yomkhaya kulindeleke ukuba ihlole ngokucophelela ngokwengeziwe. Inselele iwukuthi inkantolo yomkhaya ingase ingawutholi umbhalo ophelele wecala lomphakathi, noma ingawunikeza amandla amancane kakhulu uma izibalo zesilinganiso sobufakazi ziphansi. Umkhuba ongcono kakhulu ukuqinisekisa ukuthi noma yikuphi okutholakele okukhona ekwamukelweni kwesizwe, [1] okukakhulu ukuxhashazwa kwecala lomkhaya. Ezinye izibo zithathe “umkhaya, umndeni owodwa, umahluleli oyedwa” lapho ijaji elifanayo lisingatha khona kokubili uhlelo lwesivikelo somphakathi necala, kodwa lokhu kuseyinqubo ehlukile.

2. Ukuqhubeka Kwamanje Nemithwalo Engokomthetho

Izisulu ngokuvamile kumelwe zivele enkantolo yomphakathi ukuze kuvikelwe umthetho ovikelayo futhi zibekwe enkantolo yomkhaya ukuze kuqulwe icala lokuwinwa kwezingane (_ngezinye izikhathi ngosuku olulodwa noma phakathi kwezinsuku zomunye nomunye. Inkantolo ngayinye ingaba nemithetho ehlukene yobufakazi, izimiso ezihlukene, kanye namazinga ahlukene okujwayelana nobudlova basekhaya obunamandla. Lokhu kubeka umthwalo omkhulu kwabasindayo, abangase bancishiswe umxhaphazi enkantolo eyodwa kuyilapho bezama ukunikeza ubufakazi kwenye indawo. Ukumelela okungokomthetho kuyagxeka, kodwa izisulu eziningi azinamali yokuthola ummeli. Uzimelwa nowedwa owenziwe nge-patry, ikakhulukazi uma umnukubeki wesimende. Ikhalenda elihlangene, abameleli abameleli, abameleli benkantolo, nabameleli benkantolo abahleli bomthetho wokwahlulela abaphansi kungasiza ekunciphiseni lomthwalo.

3. Ubufakazi Obusekela Ukuxhumana Nokwahlulela

Ulwazi oluphakathi kwezinkantolo zomphakathi nezemikhaya luyinkinga engapheli. Umahluleli womkhaya angase angazi ukuthi umthetho ovikelayo wakhishwa ngaphandle kokuba isisulu silethe ikhophi. Ngokufanayo, ijaji lenkantolo yesizwe lingase lingazi ukuthi umxhaphazi unomlando wokwephula imithetho yobuzali. Ezinye izifundazwe ziye zasungula ubudlova basekhaya obubhaliwe noma izimiso zemininingwane yenkantolo ezihlangene ukuze zivale leligebe. Ezinye ziye zamisa imithetho efuna ukuba izinkantolo zibuze ukuthi ikhona yini inqubo ezihlobene nayo.

Izinselele Eziseceleni: Okwenzekayo

Ngisho noma kunezinhloso ezinhle, ukuhlangana kwezivumelwano zomphakathi nezomkhaya kuletha inselele enkulu. Esinye sezizathu ezivame kakhulu ukuhlukana kwamakhambi angokomthetho. Isisulu singashiya inkantolo yomphakathi inomthetho ovikelayo owenqabela umxhaphazi ukuba axhumane nayo, kodwa atshelwe umphathi wenkantolo wenkantolo ukuthi kumelwe akwenze uhambele phambili. Lo myalezo ophikisanayo ungayingozi futhi udumaza. Ukuhlolwa kwe-National Council of Juvenile and Court Abrist

Ukuntuleka Kwemikhuba Yokusebenza Ngobuciko

Izinkantolo eziningi zisasebenza emkhondweni owenziwe ngengozi ongazibuyisela ezisulwini. Ukuphambaniswa ngesiphambano ngomxhaphazi, okudingeka ukuba kulandise ukuxhashazwa ngokuningiliziwe, noma ukugxekwa umahluleli kungabangela ukuhlukunyezwa okulandelayo. Ngezinye izikhathi izigebengu zicindezela izisulu ukuba “umzali” zixhaphaze umxhaphazi, zingazinaki izingozi zokuphepha. Izinkantolo zombango, nakuba zigxile kakhulu ekuvikeleni, zingakhipha iziyalezo ezimncane kakhulu ukuba ziphumelele. Ukuqeqesha amajaji, abameli, nezisebenzi zenkantolo ezilawula ukuhlasela kobudlova basekhaya kanye nokukhubazeka kwenhlekelele kuyisidingo esiqhubekayo.

Izigebengu Eziphoqelelwayo Nezigebengu Ezingokomthetho

Ngisho noma iziqondiso zingaguquguquki, ukuphoqelelwa kwemithetho kuyisithiyo esikhulu. Amaphoyisa angase angaphathi ngokungathi sína ukuphulwa kwemithetho evikelayo, noma angase angawutholi umyalo obekwe emkhakheni. Izinkantolo zomkhaya zingase zingasheshi ukulungisa ukuhanjelwa ngemva kokwephulwa. Izindleko zokuvela enkantolo ngokuphindaphindiwe, izindleko zokukhokha, nezindleko zabameli zingakhipha izimali zezisulu. Amanye amagunya anikeza izintela zokukhokha iziqondiso zokuvikela, kodwa labo abaphangi ngokuvamile abakwazi ukunweba ezinkantolo zomkhaya.

Izinqubo Ezingokomthetho Nemikhuba Emihle Kakhulu Yokwenza Inqubo Enobunye

Lezi zinqubo ziya ngokuya zamukela amasu ahlukanisa umthetho wesizwe nowomkhaya, okubonisa ukuthi ukuphepha kwesisulu akunakufakwa emabhokisini ahlukene angokomthetho.

Izinkantolo Zobudlova Basekhaya Ezihlaselwe Ngokungemthetho

Esinye isibonelo esithembisayo iNkantolo yaMacala asekhaya e-IdV ehlangene, lapho ijaji elilodwa lisingatha khona zonke izindaba ezihlobene ne-"iziqondiso ezivikelayo", izimpikiswano zomthetho womkhaya, futhi ngisho nezihlobene necala lobugebengu. INew York yayingumnakekeli wakuqala, futhi ukuhlola kuye kwabonisa ukuthi izinkantolo ze-IDV ziholela ekuqondiseni okungaguquguquki, ukuthunyelwa kwezehluleli ngokushesha, nokwaneliseka okukhulu. Umahluleli unombono ophelele ngomlando womkhaya futhi ungenza izinqumo ezibeka ukuphepha ngokwenqubo efanele. Izinkantolo ze-IDV zidinga ukuxhaswa, ukusekelwa kwemithetho yomthetho, kodwa imiphumela ithethelela ukutshala imali.

Ukuqeqeshelwa Abahluleli Nezimfundamakhwela Okukhethekile

INational Judicial Institute on Monial Police, ukubambisana phakathi kweSizwe soMkhandlu we Juvenile neNkantolo yomkhaya kanye neHhovisi loMdlalo Wobudlova Olwa Nabesifazane, kunikeza ukuqeqeshwa ekuxhumaneni komthetho wesizwe nowomkhaya. Abahluleli abathola lokhu kuqeqeshwa cishe banganikeza iziyalezo ezivikelayo ezihlanganisa amalungiselelo elungelo lokuwinwa kwezingane ahambisana nokulondeka, futhi bamelane nezicelo zokuhanjelwa okungalawulwa lapho kunobufakazi bokuxhashazwa. Ama-Attorney asekela ngokukhethekile ebudloveni basekhaya angasiza futhi ukuhlanganisa izinkantolo futhi aqinisekise ukuthi akuthola.

Ukusetshenziswa kwama- Guardian [[QULT: 0] Ad Latmat[[FLT] kanye nabameleli bezingane

Enkantolo yomkhaya, umnakekeli ukhanyisiwe (GAL) noma ummeli okhethekile omiswe yinkantolo (CASA) anganikeza imvume ezimele yokuhlola ukuphepha nezithakazelo ezingcono kakhulu zengane. Laba ochwepheshe baxoxa namaqembu, babukeze amarekhodi avela ezinkantolo zomphakathi nezezebugebengu, futhi batusa umahluleli. Uma i-GAL iqeqeshelwe kahle ebudloveni basekhaya, ingaba yibhuloholo elibalulekile phakathi kwezimiso ezimbili. Nokho, ama-Galhamba ayahluka ngokwezinga nangezinga eliphambili, ngakho kubalulekile ukuba abameleli becele ngokuhlangenwe nakho.

Ukuhlola Ukuvikela Ilungelo Lokugcina

Abahloli belungelo lokunakekela izingane kufanele bacabangele umlando wobudlova basekhaya njengesici esiyinhloko, hhayi nje esisodwa phakathi kweziningi. Izindinganiso zokuhlola ezasungulwa yiNhlangano yeNkantolo Yomkhaya neyokuhlela (AFCC) manje zigcizelela ukuthi abahloli kumelwe bahlole ubudlova basekhaya futhi baqonde ithonya labo kukukhulisa izingane. Eminye imithetho iye yasheshisa “imithetho evikelayo yokuqala" evimbela ukuwinwa kwelungelo lokuhlala nabantwana noma ukuhanjelwa ngaphandle kwengozi kuze kube yilapho isengozini ilinganiswa ngokugcwele. Lemithetho ngokuvamile incike elwazini enikezwayo emazwini okuvikela izakhamuzi.

Ukubambisana Okunethonya Kwabasekeli

Abasekeli abaphethwe yizisulu bafeza indima enzima ekusizeni abasindayo ukuba baqondise imigwaqo. Bangasiza ngokufaka iziyalezo zokuvikela, bahambisane nezisulu enkantolo yomkhaya, baqoqe ubufakazi, futhi baxhumane namakhasimende ngosizo olungokomthetho. Abameleli kufanele basebenze ukuze baqinisekise ukuthi noma ikuphi okutholakele enkantolo yomkhaya, nokuthi inkantolo yomkhaya yaziswa nganoma yikuphi ukwephulwa kweziqondiso zokuvikela. Ezinye izinhlelo zezokuphatha imikhumbi manje zinikeza “izimiso ze-galegial" ezisebenza ngokubambisana kwemithetho eminingi.

Imikhuba Emihle Kakhulu Yezisulu Nezimiso Zazo Zokusekela

Ukwazi okumelwe sikulindele nendlela yokukulungiselela kungenza umehluko omkhulu kubantu ababhekana nobudlova basekhaya.

  • Uxwebhu lonke. Ugcina amakhophi eziyalezo zokuvikela, imibiko yamaphoyisa, amarekhodi ezokwelapha, imiyalezo yokubhala, ama-imeyili, nanoma ibuphi obunye ubufakazi bokuxhashazwa.
  • Funani ukumelelwa okungokomthetho. Xhumana nohlelo lokusiza ngobudlova basekhaya noma inhlangano esebenzela ibhamu lomphakathi ukuze ithole izikhokhi. Izinhlangano eziningi zinikeza usizo lwamahhala noma oluphansi. Office on Violence Against Women izinkonzo ezingokomthetho zezisulu ezinqamule i-United States.
  • Ngaphansi kwe-pansi kwe-pane umehluko phakathi kwezinkantolo. Cela ummeli wakho noma ummeli ukuba achaze ukuthi inkantolo ngayinye ingachazani futhi ayinakwenza yini. Umyalo ovikelayo awuzinqumeli ngokuzenzakalela ukuwinwa kwezingane, futhi umthetho welungelo lokuwinwa awekhonzi ukuthatha indawo yomthetho wesivikelo. Kumelwe zihlangane.
  • [ Uletha umuntu osekelayo. Izinkantolo eziningi zivumela izisulu ukuba zibe nomsekeli noma umsekeli okhona phakathi nokuqulwa kwecala. Lokhu kunganciphisa ukukhathazeka futhi kunikeze usizo olungokoqobo.
  • Ikhombisa izinkantolo zombili zezinye icala. Isaziso samacala ahlobene kokubili enkantolo yomphakathi neyemikhaya ukuze abahluleli bazi umongo obanzi.

Izinguquko Zokuvimbela Ukungenwa Kwezikhungo

Nakuba amasu ngamanye esiza, kudingeka inguquko yezimiso ukuze kuqinisekwe ukuthi ukuhlangana komthetho womphakathi nowomkhaya kusebenza ezisulwini, hhayi ezitheni.

Ukholo Olugcwele Nezinduna Zezimiso Zokuvikela

Umthetho we-Federal ngaphansi kwe-Dolder Against Women Act (VAWA) ufuna izimo zokunikeza ukholo olugcwele nodumo eziyalweni ezivikelayo ezikhishwa kwezinye izizwe, izizwe, namasimu. Nokho, ukusetshenziswa kuyaguquguquka. Izinkantolo zemikhaya ngezinye izikhathi azinaki iziyalezo zesifunda noma zifuna izisulu zokuphinde ziphathwe kabi. Ukuqinisa nokuqeqesha abahluleli okholweni olugcwele nelungiselelo lokuthenga ngetyala kuyinto eza kuqala. Inhlangano [[FLT: 0]AEquacts inikeza imithombo kulendaba.

Imibono Emelene Nelungelo Lokugcina Ilungelo Lomshado Labaxhaphazayo

Izifunda ezingaphezulu zithatha umbono ohlukile wokuthi ukunikeza umzali ilungelo lokuhlala nabantwana noma ukuvakashela umzali oye wanobudlova basekhaya akuyona inzuzo engcono kakhulu. Lokhu kusikisela kuguqula umthwalo kulowo oxhaphazi ukuze kufakazelwe ukuthi uphephile kubazali. Ukucwaninga kubonisa ukuthi imithetho enjalo inciphisa ukuvama kwabazali abanobudlova ekutholeni ilungelo lokuwinwa kwezingane, ikakhulukazi uma ihlangene nezindinganiso ezicacile.

Ukwanda Kwezimali Zokusiza Ngokomthetho

Izisulu eziningi azinakukwazi ukukhokhela ummeli, futhi izinhlelo zosizo olungokomthetho zincishisiwe njalo. Ukwandisa usizo olungokomthetho kwabasinde ebudloveni basekhaya − ikakhulukazi ezindabeni zomthetho womkhaya zenza i-parence. I-National Network to End Police [ abasekeli bezenyuselo zemali zikahulumeni nombuso ezingokomthetho.

Iqoqo Lokwaziswa Okuvamile Nemithetho Yasenkantolo

Izinkantolo kufanele zithathe imithetho efanayo yokuhlukanisa nokuhlanganyela ubudlova basekhaya obufezwe ngokwehlukana. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukwenza amaflagi ezimisweni zokuphatha amacala, ukuqeqesha izisebenzi ezisebenzisa imishini yokuphatha ukudla ukuze zibuze ngamacala ahlobene nawo, nokufuna abahluleli ukuba babukeze umlando weziqondiso zokuvikela ngaphambi kokwenza izinqumo zelungelo lokuhlala nabantwana. uMkhandlu wesizwe we Juvenile nowemikhaya Wamajaji unyathelise imithetho elandelwayo elawulayo.

Isiphetho: Ngasesimisoni Sobulungisa Esivumelanayo

Ukuhlangana kwezivumelwano zobudlova basekhaya nasemkhayeni akuyona nje indaba engokobuchwepheshe engokomthetho. Uma lezi zimiso ezimbili zibekwe kabi, abaxhaphazi bangawasebenzisa kabi amagebe, futhi izisulu zingashiywa zingavikelekile. Uma zisebenza ndawonye, zikha ulwembu lokulandisa nokusekela okungaqeda imijikelezo yobudlova. Ukukhipha lobudlelwano kudinga isibopho kubo bonke ababambi-zintambo: abahluleli abaqonda inhlekelele, abaxhumanisa izinkantolo, abaxhasi begebengu ababopha igebe, nabasindayo abangena phambili phambili. Indlela icacile: Kumelwe siphathe ubudlova basekhaya njengempikiswano yokunqamula iziphakamiso. Khona - ke umkhaya ungenza izinjongo zomthetho kanye nezinjongo zawo zokwahlulela.