Table of Contents

Ukuqonda Isikhathi Nomphumela Wezidumbu ZeMelika Zezombangazwe

Uma uKhongolo noMongameli behluleka ukuvumelana ngomthetho ogunyaziwe wezimali, umphumela [[FLT:] uhulumeni wokuvala ungathatha noma nini kusukela emahoreni ambalwa kuya ngaphezu kwenyanga, kungekho mkhawulo ongokomthetho ngesikhathi eside. uhulumeni omde kakhulu uvinjelwe e-U.S. unwebe izinsuku ezingu-35 kusukela ngoDecember 2018 kuya ku-2017, ubiza umnotho (izigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-R379) futhi uthinta izisebenzi zikahulumeni eziphuthene imiholo eminingi. Kusukela ngo 1976, iUnited States iye yathola amagebeyikhomba 22 aholela ekuvinjweni, nomkhuba okhathazayo: ziyaqhubeka, zilimaza, futhi zilimaza kakhulu, zigcwele kakhulu njengo-Athorizimu yezombangazwe.

Ukuqonda uhulumeni uvala isikhathi eside kangakanani [ futhi kungani uphikelela usiza izakhamuzi ukuba zilungiselele lokhu kuphazamisa kuyilapho zembula amaqiniso ajulile ngedemokrasi yaseMelika. Ngokungafani nanoma yiliphi elinye izwe elithuthukile (ngokuzenzakalelayo) noma okubangela ukukhetha phakathi nezinkinga zemali ) . IUnited States iyodwa ivumela ukungavumelani kwezombangazwe ukuba kuvale imisebenzi kahulumeni unomphela. Lokhu kuhlola okucubungula okukhulu kuhlola ukuthi yini enquma isikhathi esingakanani, futhi kuchaza ukuthi kungani ukuvalwa kwezwe laseMelika kude kakhulu kuye kwenzeka emashumini amathathu eminyaka adlule.

Yini Efihlwa Uhulumeni Futhi Kungani Ungahlala Isikhathi Eside Kangaka?

I- uhulumeni osemthethweni uvala lapho uMkhandlu uhluleka ukudlulisa umthetho we-application noma isinqumo esiqhubekayo ngaphambi kokuba igunya lokuhlela uhlelo lwemali elikhona liphele. Ngaphansi komthetho we-Antideficiency Act ka-884, izinhlangano zikahulumeni azinakuyisebenzisa ngokomthetho imali ngaphandle kwemvume yokumiswa kwenhlangano, uziphoqelela ukuba ziyeke ukusebenza lapho kuwiswa imali. Ngokungafani namabhizinisi azimele angasebenza ngesikweletu noma ezinqolobaneni, izinhlangano zikahulumeni kumelwe zimise ngokushesha imisebenzi eminingi yegunya lazo elisebenzisa imali engokomthetho liphela phakathi kwamabili omzuzu onyaka wokubhalisa imali.

Akukho mkhawulo womthetho-sisekelo noma umthetho wesikhathi sokuvala . Ukuvalwa kuyaqhubeka kuze kudlule iziKhomishane futhi uMongameli abonise umthetho omusha wezimali − nokuba ikhona into ethatha usuku olulodwa noma ikhulu. Lendalo evulekile ihlukanisa ukuvinjelwa kwemigoqo yemali eMelika ekuhleleni ezinye imibuso ebusayo, lapho amalungiselelo omthetho-mthetho-sisekelo noma izimiso ezizenzekelayo zivimbela ukuvaleka kukahulumeni.

Inkathi Yokushintsha Ka - 1980: Ukusuka Emagebesini Ezobuchwepheshe Kuya Ekuvalekeni Kwangempela

Ngaphambi kuka-1980, amagebe okuxhasa imali ayeyinkinga yokulawula engathinteki kakhulu emikhankasweni kahulumeni. Lapho iziKhomishane ziphuthelwa inkathi yokugcinwa kwezicelo, izinhlangano zaqhubeka zisebenza zilindele ukuxhaswa kwemali ebuyiselwe. Igebe lemali eliyisishiyagalolunye phakathi kuka-1976 no1979 alizange lihlanganise amagatsha ezisebenzi futhi alibazisekile kakhulu, ngisho nalapho laze lahlala izinsuku ezingu - 18.

Konke kwashintsha ngombono ongokomthetho ka-Attorney uBenjamin Civiletti ka-April 1980, owachaza kabusha i-Antideficiency Act ukuze kufuneke ukuba izinhlangano zivale imisebenzi phakathi nanoma isiphi igebe lemali. Lombono owodwa ongokomthetho washintsha ukushiyeka kobuchwepheshe obufushane baba ukuvinjelwa okuphelele kukahulumeni [ ufuna amagovlabhu kanye nezinqumo zomsebenzi. U-Cibetti kamuva waveza ukuzisola, ethi "ake wacabanga ukuthi lezi zigebekele zingahlala isikhathi eside noma zisetshenziswe njengemigebezo yezombangazwe."

Isizathu Sokuba Amanye Amazwe Angacishi

I-United States iyodwa ngokuphelele phakathi kwentando yeningi ethuthukisiwe ekuvinjelweni kukahulumeni. Akukho zwe elithuthukile elivumela izingxabano zokuhlelwa kwemali ukuba zivale imisebenzi kahulumeni ngoba izimiso zalo zihlanganisa:

  • Izimiso zokwehlisa isikhashana[ (UK, Canada, Australia): Ukuhluleka kohlelo lokuhlela uhlelo lwemali kubangela ukukhetha kuyilapho izinkonzo ziqhubeka
  • Ukuqhubekeka okuzenzekelayo (IJalimane, iJapane): Uhlelo lokuhlela lwangonyaka odlule luzinwebela ngokuzenzekelayo
  • Imibuso ye-Predified simendo [ [France, Brazil]: Abaqondisi bangalondoloza imisebenzi ngaphandle kokugunyazwa kwemvume
  • Izimfuneko ze-Constitution (I-South Korea, Switzerland): Ukuhlelwa kwemali kuyazikhanyisa ngokuzenzekelayo

Lezi zindlela zibonisa ukuvumelana komhlaba wonke kokuthi izinkonzo zikahulumeni eziyisisekelo akufanele ziyeke ngoba izazi zezombangazwe azivumelani ngezinga lokusebenzisa imali.

I - Complete Timeline: Uhulumeni Wonke Owukhulu Wase - United States Usuthuliwe Kusukela Ngo - 1976

Inkathi yokuqala: Ukungaboni Kukhulu

Ukuvalwa kokuqala ngaphansi kwenqubo yesimanje yokusetshenziswa kwemali kwakukufushane ngokuphawulekayo:

Ukuphatha kweFord [196]:

  • NgoSeptember 30 - October 11, 1976: Izinsuku eziyishumi (igebe elivundile, ingekho imihubhe)

[[Umthetho:0] Umbuso weCarter (197-1979):

  • NgoSeptember 30 - October 13, 1977: Izinsuku ezingu - 12 (azikho iziqu zamanzi)
  • Ngo - October 31 - November 9, 1977: Izinsuku ezingu - 8 (azikho iziqu zamanzi)
  • November 30 - December 9, 1977: Izinsuku ezingu - 8 (azikho iziqu zohlobo)
  • September 30 - October 18, 1978: Izinsuku ezingu - 17 (azikho iziqu zamanzi)
  • NgoSeptember 30 - October 12, 1979: izinsuku ezingu - 11 (azikho iziqu zomhlobiso)

Reagan Administration (1981-19987):

  • UNovember 20-23, 1981: izinsuku ezimbili (izisebenzi ezingu - 241 000)
  • September 30 - October 2, 1982: Usuku 1
  • December 17-21, 1982: izinsuku ezintathu
  • November 10-14, 1983: izinsuku ezintathu
  • September 30 - October 3, 1984: izinsuku ezimbili
  • Ngo - October 3-5, 1984: Usuku 1
  • Ngo - October 16 - 18, 1986: Usuku 1
  • December 18-20, 1987: Usuku 1

Umbuso weBush (1990):

  • Ngo - October 5-9, 1990: izinsuku ezintathu

Lokhu kuvinjelwa kwakuqala kwakungavamile ukudlula izinsuku ezintathu futhi ngokuvamile kwenzeka ngezimpelasonto, kunciphise ukuphazamiseka.

Inkathi Yanamuhla: I - Auth Crisris (1995 - UPresenter)

Ukucishwa kuka-2018-2019: Izinsuku ezingu-35 Zomsebenzi Onzima Kakhulu Emlandweni)

Isikhathi esiphakathi [: December 22, 2018 - January 25, 2019 (izinsuku ezingu-35) : uMongameli Trump wafuna intengo eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-5 [R1,50,50,50,50 000 [R1,50] engasebenzi ngaphandle kokukhokha] intengo ye-[: ingqikithi yezigidi zezigidi zezigidi zezigidi [R1], [3] ingqikithi yezigidi zezigidi zezigidi zemali elahlekile [FLT]

Lokhu okude kakhulu kukahulumeni ukuvalwa kwezindawo kwaqala lapho uTrump ememezela: "Ngiyaziqhenya ukuvala uhulumeni ukuze uvikeleke emngceleni. Ngizothatha ingubo." Ukuvala kwanwetshwa ngamaholide, kubangele izisebenzi zikahulumeni ukuba zilahlekelwe amasheke amabili. Ukudla komnyango eWashington D.C. kwakhonza izinkulungwane zezisebenzi zikahulumeni, kuyilapho uCf José Andrés evula amakhishini e-pop - up alungiselela ukudla okukhululekile.

[[Umthetho:0] Imiphumela ehlanganisa [[[Umthetho:1]:

  • Amalungu ogu Logwini lwamasosha — ngokucophelela phakathi kwamabutho ahlomile — ayesebenza ngaphandle komholo
  • Amapaki ezwe alimala unomphela ngenxa yokucekela phansi nokusebenza ngokungemthetho
  • Ukungabibikho kwe - TSA kwanda ngamaphesenti angu - 55, okwenza ukuba kube nezikhawu zezindiza
  • I - IRS yayingenakusebenzisa ama-refreed entela, athinta izigidi
  • Amanxusa e - FBI ayesebenza amacala amakhulu ngaphandle kweholo
  • Ukuhlolwa kokudla kwehliswa ngu - 60%

Iqophelo lafika ngoJanuary 25 lapho iLa Guardia Airport imisa izindiza ngenxa yokuntuleka kwabalawuli bezindiza. Emahoreni ambalwa, uTrump wavuma ukuphinde avule uhulumeni ngaphandle kokusebenzisa udonga. Ukuvinjwa akuzange kufeze lutho [: UTrump wathola u-0 dollar zodonga kuyilapho umnotho ulahlekelwe izigidi zezigidi zezigidi.

2. Unyaka ka - 1995-19996 Ukucishwa Kwezimboni: Izinsuku Ezingu - 21 Ukuphela Kwezinsuku

Yaqala ukucishwa: November 14-19, 1995 (izinsuku) SECOND: December 16, 1995 - January 6, 1996 [izinsuku ezingu-1) Abasebenzi bathinte: 800 000 ekuqaleni, 284 000 enziweni yesibili yokucima [: izimfuno zeRepublication for Mediadate navisions.

Speimer Newt Gingrich wahola amaRepublican ekufuneni izikweleti ezinkulu kuMedicare, imfundo, nezinhlelo zendawo ezungezile. Igagasi lezombangazwe lashintsha lapho uGingrich ekhononda ngokuhlala kwakhe emoyeni Wokuqala phakathi nohambo lomngcwabo lukaRabin, emenza abonakale njengomntwana okhalayo. Oopopayi bomhleli bamveza njengomntwana okhalayo, futhi umbono womphakathi washintsha ngokushesha ngokumelene namaRepublican.

Isihluthulelo semiphumela[[[QL:1]:

  • AmaRepublica asolwa ngu - 46% v. 27% esola uClinton
  • Isilinganiso semvume yeClinton senyukela ku 53%
  • Abase-Riphabliki bamukela uhlelo lwe-Clinton lokuhlela uhlelo lwemali
  • Kudunyiswa ukucishwa ngokusiza ukukhethwa futhi kuka-Clinton ka-1996

Ukusitheka Okungalawuleki Kwango - 2013: 16 Izinsuku

Isici esiphakathi [: Oktobha 1-17, 2013 Abasebenzi bathinteka[: 850 000 000 bakhubazekile (kunakho konke), abayizigidi ezingu-3 abasebenza ngaphandle kokukhokha [[[FLT:]] INKILE [[FLT:][FLT]]: Isigaba sifuna ukususa i-ffford Carect [ Intengo yentengo ephezulu kakhulu [[[FLT:]]: [2] izibhiliyoliyoni eliyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-4 ekulahlekeni kwezomnotho ezilahlekayo

Isikhulu sezokuhlalisana uTed Cruz sahola imizamo yokususa iObamacare ngenqubo yokubhula, naphezu kokuba i-ACA ixhaswe ngemali ephoqelelwe ngokusetshenziswa okuphoqelelwe ngokungalawulwa yimishini yokuvala imishini. Zonke iziqiwi zesizwe zavalwa, zavimba izivakashi eziyizigidi ezingu - 7. ICDC yayeka ukuqapha umkhuhlane ngesikhathi senkathi yesikhulu esiphakeme. I - NIH yazisusa iziguli ezinomdlavuza ekuhlolweni kwezokwelapha.

Imiphumela yecala :

  • AmaRepublica asolwa ngu-53% vs. 29% esola i-Abama
  • Ukuvunyelwa kweGOP kwehla kwaba ngu - 32%
  • Ekugcineni uSpeimer Boehner wavumela amavoti entando yeningi ukuba aphinde avulwe
  • AmaRepublica awazuzanga lutho ngesikhathi i - ACA iqala ukusetshenziswa ngezikhathi ezimisiwe

Ukuphela Kwesonto Ngo - 2018 Kuphelile: 3 Izinsuku

[[NTL:0] Maphakathi nenkathi: January 20-22, 2018 [ I-ICRP[: Imfuno yentando yeningi ye-DACA izivikelo [ i-ISC: Ama-ISC'umcustom ngenxa yohlelo lwempelasonto

Lokhu kuvala okufushane kwenzeka ngempelasonto lapho amahhovisi kahulumeni amaningi esevaliwe kakade, enciphisa ukuphazamiseka. AmaDemocrat ahlehla ngokushesha lapho ukuphenya kubonisa ukuthi ayesolwa.

Ukuvaleka Kwesikhathi Eside Ngo - February 2018: 9 Mahora

[[NTL:0] Maphakathi nonyaka[[FOLT:1]: February 9, 2018 (kusebusuku obungaphezulu) I-ICRP: Ukwenqaba kweNkampane u-Ran Paul ukuchitha kwandisa [[ct[]: Umshini wokucima ngaphandle komphumela wangempela

Yini Enquma Ukucasha Isikhathi Eside?

Izici Zezombangazwe Ezandisa Noma Zafiphala

Ubude besikhathi buxhomeke ekubaleni okuyinkimbinkimbi kwezombangazwe:

[[I-FLT:0] Imishini eyelula ukuvala :

  • uhulumeni ohlukene: Ukuvala kugcina u-3x isikhathi eside ngokulawula iqembu elihlukene
  • ibanga le-Ideology: Ukwehla kwezindawo ezikude kuyalingana nokuvala isikhathi eside
  • isikhathi sokubuka [: Ukuvala kude nokhetho kuvame ukuhlala isikhathi eside
  • Izitatistiki ze-Public: Abaholi abathi banconywa bakuthola kunzima ukuhlehla
  • ukucindezela okusekelwe ku: i-activist ifuna "ukuma uqinile" ukunweba amasondo afile

[[Umthetho:0] Actracters ezifushanisa ukuvalwa kwemibhoshongo :

  • Ukuphazamiseka komnotho: Imakethe yama stock yehlisa ukulungiswa okusheshayo
  • Ukwehluleka komsebenzi okungakholeki: ukulibala kwesikhumulo sezindiza, ukuvalwa kwepaki kwenza ukuphuthuma
  • Umbono wePublic ushintsha-shintsha: Ukusolwa okucacile kwesabelo kusheshisa ukuyekethisa
  • Izinhlekelele ze-External: Izinhlekelele ezingokwemvelo noma izinsongo zokulondeka zidinga ukuphinde zivulwe
  • ukucindezela kosuku [: ukusondelana kukaKhisimusi kushukumisa imishini esheshayo

Inkinga Yokuzala: Isizathu Sokuba Ukuvaleka Kwamuva Kuqhubeke Isikhathi Eside

Isivimbo sosuku sokwehla singasebenzi isikhathi eside kunezingokomlando ngenxa yezimo eziningi:

  1. Ukufakwa kwePhakeme: Ukucimeka akusashaqisi, kunciphisa ukuphuthuma
  2. Ukuhlanganisa: Ingxenye yesigaba iye yaphindeka kane kusukela ngo-1980
  3. Izifunda eziphephile: Izihlalo zokuncintisana ezimbalwa zinciphisa izisusa eziyekethisayo
  4. Ukwehlukana [: ama-echoral aqinisa izikhundla zokwahlukanisa
  5. Ukulungisa: Uphakamiso lwenza iminikelo emincane-yomfelane

Ukucwaninga kwezezombangazwe uMarina Azzimonti kubonisa i - Index yakhe yezombangazwe yafinyelela ku-400 phakathi nonyaka ka-2013 wokuvala isilinganiso somlando ngokuphindwe kane futhi iphindeke kabili amazinga ka-1995.

Amaphuzu Aphulayo: Lokho Okuphelayo Ekucindezelweni

Konke ukuvalwa kwemisebe kusukela ngo - 1995 sekuphelile lapho izindawo ezithile ezicindezelayo zingabekezeleleki:

  • 2018-2019: isikhumulo sezindiza sibambezeleka ekusweleni komlawuli
  • [[UMTL:0]2013: uphahla lwemali olufinyelelwe ngesikweleti lusondela
  • (1995-19996: ukucindezela komkhankaso womongameli eRepublicans
  • 0: isikhathi sesonto seyeki sinciphise imiphumela

Isibonelo sicacile: ukudamba uma izimpikiswano ezithathelwanayo zezombangazwe ziba izinkinga zomphakathi eziqinile ezithinta izigidi zabantu baseMelika ukuphila kwansuku zonke.

Indaba Yomuntu Neyomnotho: Izindaba Ezingokoqobo Ezithathwe Ezikhathini Ezinde Kakhulu Zokuvinjelwa

Izisebenzi EzinguFederal: Izisulu Ezisheshayo

Phakathi nosuku olungama-35 lokuvala, izisebenzi zikahulumeni [ zabhekana nenkinga yemali:

[[NTL:0] Josse Santiago, isikhulu se-TSA eHouston, sakhumbula: "Izimo ezingcono ekukhonzeni abantu baseMelika kuphela ukuba kufuneke ukuba bafune ukudla.” Walahlekelwa ikhaya lakhe ukuze akhokhele isikweletu sendlu ngemva kokulahlekelwa ukukhokha isikweletu phakathi nokucima.

Sara Chan, isazi sesayensi ye-EPA, sachaza ithonya elingokwengqondo: "Ngolunye usuku ngibalulekile, ngisebenzela ekucwaningeni ngokugxeka ukuphepha kwamanzi. Ngosuku olulandelayo ngingesona iso elibalulekile, enqatshelwe ngisho nasekuhloleni i-imeyili. Isiswebhu se-email.

[[FLT: 0] Imikhaya yabalindi abaphezulu yabhekana nobunzima obuyingqayizivele njengegatsha lezempi okuwukuphela kwalo elisebenza ngaphandle komholo. Omunye umngane womshado e-Alaska waphawula: "Siyama lapho ukudla kubiza khona izwekazi ngokuphindwe kabili, futhi umyeni wami ukhulula abantu ezilwandle ezibandayo ngaphandle kokwazi ukuthi ishekethisi yakhe elandelayo lizofika nini."

Abahlukumezayo: Abahlupheki Abalibaleka

Ngokungafani nezisebenzi zikahulumeni ezithola iholo, izigidi eziyi-1 zilahlekelwa iholo unomphela:

  • Abaqaphi bezokuphepha ezakhiweni zikahulumeni balahlekelwa u - R1 000 - 8 000 phakathi nokuvinjelwa kwezinsuku ezingu - 35
  • Abashayi bempi eSmithsonian abazange bazuze iholo elilahlekile
  • INDAWO yokwakha yalahlekelwa izivumelwano ezibiza izigidi
  • Amabhizinisi amancane asiza izinhlangano ahluleka

, uMarie Williams, abahlanza amahhovisi kahulumeni, batshela izintatheli: "Izisebenzi zomphakathi ekugcineni zithola iholo. Asitholi lutho. Angitholanga lutho. Indlu yami yalahleka ngoba ngangingakwazi ukuqasha izinyanga ezimbili.

Imiphakathi: Imiphumela Eyingozi Ezweni Lonke

Izindawo zesango zesizwe ze-paki zihlupheka ngokushesha uma amapaki avalekile:

  • IGatlinburg, iTennessee ilahlekelwa izigidi zamaRandi ngosuku lapho iziNtaba Ezinkulu ZaseSmoky zivaleka
  • Tusayan, e - Arizona (umphakathi 600) ubona ukulahlekelwa kwemali okungamaphesenti angu - 90 ngaphandle kwezivakashi zaseGrand Canyon
  • Bar Harbor, amabhizinisi aseMaine asula izisebenzi lapho i - Acadia ivala

[[I-FLT:0] Izifunda ezizimele zibhekene nezimo ezifana nokwehla komnotho:

  • Imetro yaseWashington D.C. ilahlekelwa amaRandi ayizigidi ezingu - 260 masonto onke
  • IHuntsville, e - Alabama (NASA/defense) ibona ukuncipha kwemali esetshenziswayo engamaphesenti angu - 30
  • IColorado Springs (ibutho lezempi) ibhekene nokuncishiswa kwezomnotho ngokushesha

Umonakalo Ohlala Isikhathi Eside: Ukuwohloka Kwezinhlangano

Ukucwaninga kubonisa izisebenzi ezibhekene nama-ratlaugh zingama-31% amanqamumu amaningi okushiya inkonzo kahulumeni , kudala ukukhishwa kobuchopho okunciphisa amandla kahulumeni iminyaka eminingi:

  • National Park Service yalahlekelwa amaphesenti angu - 25 ezisebenzi ezihlala njalo kusukela ngo - 2019
  • IZINKINGA zizama ukuqasha ababali bentela
  • FDA ibambezelekile ukuvumela izidakamizwa ezisindisa ukuphila
  • Umqedazwe weCDC ulungiswe kancane

Umbono Wezizwe Zonke: Isizathu Sokuba IMelika Iphele

Indlela Ezinye Izinqubo Ezisingatha Ngayo Ukusetshenziswa Kohlelo Lomsebenzi

Izimiso zokwehlisa imfihlo[ njenge-UK ibheka ukwehluleka kohlelo lokuhlela imali njengokulahlekelwa ukuthemba kwePhalamende:

  • Uhulumeni kumelwe ashiye noma abize okhethweni
  • Izinkonzo ziyaqhubeka zisebenzisa uhlelo lokusetshenziswa kwemali oludlule
  • Izinkinga zezombangazwe zixazulula ngentando yeningi
  • Izakhamuzi azilokothi zilahlekelwe izinkonzo

Indlela yesiJamani [ ibonisa ukubusa okusebenzayo:

  • UMthetho - sisekelo ugunyaza ukuba uhlelo lokusetshenziswa kwemali oluzenzekelayo luqhubeke
  • Ingaboleka 25% wemali esetshenziswa ngaphambili uma kudingeka
  • Izinga lokusetshenziswa kwemali livamile kodwa libangela ukuphazamiseka kwezembo
  • Isimiso: Izinkonzo zezakhamuzi aziyibheki njengezombangazwe

Isimiso sobumongameli we-South Korea [ ihlanganisa izivikelo:

  • Ukusetshenziswa kwemali elungiselelwe izenza ikwazi ukuzenzela
  • Isebenzisa amazinga okusebenzisa onyaka odlule
  • Ivimbela noma yikuphi ukuphazamiseka komsebenzi
  • Okufana ne - U.S. kodwa okunesimiso sokuvikela

Ukudideka kwezibukeli zomhlaba Wonke

Imithombo yezindaba yakwamanye amazwe yembula indlela okungajwayelekile ngayo ukuvinjelwa kwabantu baseMelika embulungeni yonke:

BBC: "Ezweni lonke, ukuvinjelwa kukahulumeni kusho ukuvukela, ukuhlasela, noma inhlekelele. Ngisho nohulumeni wase-Syria wakhokhela izisebenzi phakathi nempi yombango"

I-Spiegel : "Izinkulumo ze-America ngokubusa kuyilapho zihluleka ngokuphindaphindiwe ukwenza umsebenzi kahulumeni oyisisekelo: ukuhlala uvulekile."

I-Economist: "Intando yeningi yomhlaba engcono kakhulu iyayeka ukusebenza ngokuzithandela enkundleni yemidlalo yezezombangazwe, ingenzanga lutho uma ilimaza yonke into"

Izinhlendla Nezibikezelo: Lokho Umlando Okufundisa Ngesikhathi Sokuvinjelwa

Ukuhlaziya Okungokwezibalo Indawo Yokusitheka

Izimo eziguquguqukayo ekuvaleni isikhathi sokuvala [[FLT: 1]:

  • [1976-1910: isilinganiso sezinsuku ezintathu, imithombo yezindaba izinsuku ezimbili
  • (1995-2013: isilinganiso sezinsuku eziyi-13, imithombo yezindaba izinsuku ezingu-16
  • [[UMTH:0] 2013-isiboniso: isilinganiso sezinsuku eziyi-18, imithombo yezindaba izinsuku ezingu-16
  • [[Umthetho:0] I-Trathory: kusobala ukuthi yelula ngokuhamba kwesikhathi

[[IMITHOMBE:0] Izici zokuhlanganisa[[[QUL:1]:

  • Uhulumeni ohlukene phakathi: +12 isilinganiso sezinsuku
  • Unyaka wokukhetha womongameli: - 8 isilinganiso sezinsuku
  • Umongameli wesikhathi sokuqala: +6 isilinganiso sezinsuku
  • Isikhathi sangoDecember: +5 izinsuku (ukucindezela kosuku lwakusihlwa)

Ukubikezela Isikhathi Sokusitheka Kwesikhathi Esizayo

Kusekelwe emifanekisweni yomlando namazinga okushintshashintsha kwezingxenye ezihlukene ezikhona manje:

[[I-FLT:0] Abakhi abasikisela ukuvinjelwa isikhathi eside esikhathini esizayo:

  • Ukuhlukana kwezombangazwe eziqongweni ezingokomlando
  • Ukwehla kokuphuthuma kokucima okuvamile
  • Izifunda eziphephile zivikela amalungu ekucindezeleni
  • Amagumbi okunanela ezokuxhumana aqinisa izikhundla zokusekela izikhundla
  • Ukukhokhela abantu imali ezinzuzoni zokuxabana

[[I-FLT:0] Imishini ingalinganisela isikhathi[:

  • 2019 umthetho oqinisekisa isisebenzi sikahulumeni ukuba sikhokhele
  • Ukuqaphela izindleko ezengeziwe zomnotho
  • Ukucindezela komphakathi wamabhizinisi
  • Ukuchayeka kwesimiso sokuhlola
  • Izinkinga zokulinganisela isikweletu

Ososayensi bezombangazwe bakha ukuvinjelwa esikhathini esizayo kungathatha izinsuku ezingu-40-50 [ uma isimo samanje siqhubeka, nakuba ukuphazamiseka kwezindiza ngokunokwenzeka kudala uphahla oluwusizo lwezinsuku ezingu 35-40.

Izindleko: Lokho Okushiwo Usuku Ngalunye Lokusitheka

Umphumela Wezomnotho Wansuku Zonke

Usuku ngalunye lokuvala izindleko:

  • Uhulumeni ulahlekelwa umkhiqizo oqondile oyizigidi ezingu - R150 - 300
  • U - R260 000 000 000 abalahlekelwa umakhi (imali)
  • AmaRandi ayizigidi ezingu - 50 kuya kwezingu - 100 ekuphazamiseni amabhizinisi amancane
  • Ukulahlekelwa izigidi ezingu - 50 kuya kwezingu - R180 kwezokuvakasha
  • Ama - dollar ayizigidi ezingu - 30 kuya kwezingu - 50 enqunyweni yentela eyephuze
  • [[Umthetho:0] Iqophelo: $400-500) ngosuku[[[UMTL:1]

Umonakalo Obangelwa Yizinqubo Zokubulala Ngokuhamba Kwesikhathi

[[FLT: 0]] U-Week 1: Ukuphazamisa okuncane, imiphumela egciniwe yomcamelo Week 2: Ukulahleka komholo, izinkonzo zokwehla [[[FLT:]] Week 3: izingozi zesimiso sohlelo, ukukhiqizwa kwemali ebekwe [[FLT]] u-Week 4[FLT]:7]: umonakalo wezomnotho unqwabela [[FLT]] 5 [[FLT] [[FLT]] Izingozi zesimiso sohlelo, ukugeleza kwe-telenta, ukugeleza kwe-leyikhiya-ma]

I - Congressonal Baccouncial Baccomplial Office yathola ukuthi ngemva kwezinsuku ezingu - 30, cishe amaphesenti angu - 30 okulahlekelwa okungokomnotho aba ahlala njalo, abangelulami ngisho nangemva kokuphinde kuvulwe uhulumeni.

Amakhambi Nokuvinjelwa: Indlela Yokunciphisa Isikhathi Sokuphelelwa Ukuzizwa Ungenamandla

Izabelo Zemithetho Zokuvimbela Ukuvaleka Okukhulu

Izinqumo eziqhubekeka ngokuzenzakalelayo zingaxhasa uhulumeni emazingeni angaphambili:

  • Ukususwa kwezikhali zezombangazwe
  • Ukulondoloza izinkonzo phakathi nezingxoxo
  • Isetshenziswa ngokuphumelelayo kwamanye amazwe
  • Ukusekelwa i - Bipartisan kukhona kodwa akusungulwanga

[[Umthetho:0] Ukuvimbela ukunqanda ukunqanda [ kuhlongozwa kuhlanganisa:

  • Awukho umholo Wombuso ngesikhathi sokuvinjelwa
  • Isiyalo sokuvimbela ukuthatha ikhefu kuze kube yilapho sixazululiwe
  • Uphahla lwangaphakathi oluzishintshayo lwenza kube nezikweleti eziningi
  • Iziqephu ezidingekayo zansuku zonke kuze kube isivumelwano

Izindawo zophazamiso phakathi nokuvala kukahulumeni:

  • IUtah izimali zezindawo zokupaka ezivela emabhange kahulumeni
  • INew York yayihlanganisa iMithetho Yenkululeko
  • I - Arizona yagcina iGrand Canyon ivulekile
  • Ukuvinjelwa kukahulumeni akunakugwenywa

Okwenza Imizamo Yokuvimbela Ihluleke

Naphezu kwesivumelwano sendawo yonke esivimbela ukuchithwa kwemali futhi singafezi lutho:

  • Amaqembu amancane abona amandla okuvala izinsongo
  • Abavoti abayinhloko bavuza ukuphikisana ngokuhlehla
  • Imithombo yezindaba iyakhula lapho kuvinjelwa
  • Ukukhomba ngezimali phakathi nokungqubuzana
  • Akukho ukulahlekelwa okusheshayo okungokwezombangazwe kubantu ngabanye

Kuze kube yilapho izinguquko ezilawulayo zishintsha lezi zisusa, ukuvala imishini kuyoqhubeka futhi kungase kube kubi nakakhulu.

Ukulungiselela Ukuvaleka Kwesikhathi Esizayo: Ukuhlela Isikhathi Esingokoqobo

Kubantu ngabanye

Uma uxhunyiwe uhulumeni , lungiselela ukucisha okuhlala njalo:

  • [[UKWENZIWA:0]30+ izinsuku[[UMTL:1]: Yakha isikhwama sezimali zesimo esiphuthumayo senyanga ezimbili
  • Umthelela uvala [: cabangela omunye njalo eminyakeni emibili-3
  • Ukuhlela [: Cabangela ingozi yokuvala emsebenzini kahulumeni

[[[UMTL:0] Izihambi[[[Umthetho:1]:

  • Gwema izindawo zikahulumeni ngoSeptember 25 - October 10 (ushintsho lweminyaka ephakathi)
  • Izindawo zokuhlala ezithengwayo eduze kwamapaki esizwe
  • Yiba namasu okuthola isisekelo se - D.C.
  • Hlola isimo sokucisha ngaphambi kokuhamba

Ezebhizinisi

[ Abakhi bamaferethi [ kufanele bahlelele:

  • Ijubane lokukhokha izinsuku ezingama-35 linciphe kancane
  • Akukho bhamu elikhokhwa umsebenzi olahlekile
  • Isidingo semigqa yokuthenga ngesikweletu ehlanganisa izinsuku ezingu - 60+
  • Ukwahlukanisa emalini kahulumeni

amabhizinisi e-TYS eduze kwezindawo zikahulumeni:

  • Gcina amakhompuyutha angavala izinsuku ezingu-40
  • Ziqalele izinto ezikhangayo ezingangeni eziwuhlupho
  • Cabangela umshuwalense wokucisha
  • Yakha isimo/ubungani bendawo

Emiphakathini

[[Umthetho:0] Izifunda ezizimele[[[QL:1] kumele:

  • Yakha izimali zosizo oluphuthumayo
  • Amacebo okuthuthukisa ukuhlukana kwezomnotho
  • Yakha amabhuloho ombuso axhasa ngemali
  • Lungisa ukudla okusebhange
  • Hlela usuku oluningi oluphazamisayo

Isiphetho: Inhlekelele Ephazamisayo Yokuvinjelwa KwaseMelika

Uhulumeni angavala isikhathi eside kangakanani? Umlando ubonisa ukuthi akukho mkhawulo ngaphandle kwentando yezombangazwe, futhi lowo mkhawulo uyaqhubeka unwebeka. Ukuvalwa okude kakhulu emlandweni [[ zinsuku ezingu-2018-2019] cishe kungadlula ngokushesha njengokukhubazeka kwezindawo zomphakathi kanye nokuvinjelwa kwaba izikhali ezivamile zezombangazwe. Isiqalo sazo sezingahambi ezinkindlaka nenyanga ka-8093] siye savela saba izinkathazo eziyizinkulungwane zezigidi namanani anzima, kuyilapho kungenziwangalutho.

Isibonelo sisobala: ukuvalwa kwenkathi ngayinye kuthatha izinsuku ezimbili kunesizukulwane esidlule. Iminyaka ka-1980 yaba nesilinganiso sezinsuku ezimbili. Iminyaka ka-1990 yakhuphukela ezinsukwini ezingu-21. Ngo-2010 yafinyelela izinsuku ezingu-35. Ososayensi bezombangazwe bakha ukuvinjelwa esikhathini esizayo banganweba izinsuku ezingu-40-50 njengoba indawo ebandayo iqhubeka ikhuphuka futhi izivikelo zokuhlelela azisabi khona.

Lomthakathi kufanele uxwayise wonke umuntu wase-Melika. Uma idemokrasi engcono kakhulu yomhlaba ihluleka ngokuphindaphindiwe ukwenza umsebenzi oyisisekelo kahulumeni − ukugcina izimpawu zokusebenza okungahleleki. Asikho esinye isizwe esithuthukile esivumela izimpikiswano zokuhlela indlela yokuhlela ukuba zivale uhulumeni ngokungenasiphelo. Zisungule izigebengu zesifunda ezilawula izimali: ukuqhubekela phambili kwemali, ukuqiniseka okubangela ukukhetha, noma izinhlelo zokuxhasa izimali ezihleliwe. IMelika kuphela ivumela imidlalo yezezombangazwe ukuba inqobe phezu kwenkonzo yomphakathi.

Usuku ngalunye lokuvala imishini lusho ezinye izisebenzi ezingu - 800 000 ezibhekene nezinkinga zezimali, ezinye izigidi ezine zilahlekelwa iholo unomphela, futhi imiphakathi eminingi ilahlekelwa izomnotho. Ngaphandle kwemiphumela esheshayo, ukuvinjelwa kwamandla okuxosha ochwepheshe abanekhono enkonzweni yomphakathi, ukuwohloka kwamandla kahulumeni ezizukulwane.

Ukuqonda isikhathi sokuvala akuyona nje imfundo kuphela ("ibalulekile""ekuhleleni komuntu siqu nomnotho enkathini lapho ukuvalwa kukahulumeni sekuyinqubo. Kunoma ungumsebenzi kahulumeni, umakhi, umnini-bhizinisi, noma isakhamuzi esixhomeke ezinkonzweni zikahulumeni, umbuzo awukhona ukuthi ukuvalwa kokunye kuzoba khona kodwa ukuthi kuzoba isikhathi esingakanani.

Umlando usikisela ukuvalwa okulandelayo kuzoba kude kunokokugcina. Kuze kube yilapho iMelika isebenzisa izinguquko ezibhekwa njengesidingo yiyo yonke enye idemokrasi, izakhamuzi kumelwe zilungiselele ikusasa lapho uhulumeni uvala khona isikhathi esingu-40, 50, noma ngisho nezinsuku ezingu-60 uyoba yisimo esisha. [ ubude kakhulu bukahulumeni wokuvinjelwa [ umkhondo owenziwe ngemuva uyophulwa futhi kuze kube yilapho isimiso sezombangazwe ekugcineni sivuma ukuthi yini ingxenye esele yomhlaba kakade isiyazi: uhulumeni ovala ngokuphindaphindiwe uyihulumeni oyekile ukusebenza kahle [.

Ngemibandela eyengeziwe ethinta ukuvinjelwa nokulungiselelwa, bheka ukuhlaziywa kwe-Cult Contrionational Office yoHlahlo lweHlalelo kanye ne-Government accounting Office imibiko yezokulandisa [[ ekucimeni izindleko kanye nezimiso zesikhathi eside.

Everyday Civics Icon