Isisekelo Somthetho - sisekelo Se - Oath Engumongameli

Isifungo sikamongameli wehhovisi, esibekwe eSiphakamisweni II, iSiqeshi 1 soMthetho-sisekelo we-United States, simelela elinye lamasiko ahlala njalo ekubusweni kwe-Melika. Lapho abafaki bamafomu behlangene ePhiladelphia ngehlobo lonyaka ka-1787, baqonda ukuthi impumelelo ye-republic yabo yokuhlola yayiyoxhomeka kakhulu ebuntwini nasemthethweni wesikhulu sayo esiyinhloko. Ulimi oluqondile ababeluqambela isifungo sikamongameli lwaluyinhloso, lufuna ukuba umongameli asho ukuthi "ifunga ngokuphoqelela" noma "iqinile" ukuthi babezoyibulala ngokwethembeka iHhovisi likaMongameli wase-United States" futhi, kumniniso wekhono labo, "userverive, futhi bavikele uMthetho - sisekelo wase-United States"."

Umehluko phakathi kokuthuka nokuqinisekisa wona ngokwawo wawuwumphumela wokucabangela ngokucophelela. Abanye besizukulwane esisungulweyo, kuhlanganise amaQuaker namahlelo athile enkolo amancane, babemelene nokufunga izifungo zemfundiso yenkolo. Ngokuvumela ukuvuma ngokuthi kungenziwa, abafaki bamafomu babonisa isibopho senkululeko engokwenkolo eyayizoqiniswa kamuva eSimisweni Sokuqala. Lokhu kukhetha okuncane kodwa okunenjongo kwagcizelela injongo enkulu yoMthetho-sisekelo: ukwakha uhulumeni ongavumelana nezinkolelo ezihlukahlukene kuyilapho ulondoloza ubunye benjongo.

Phakathi noMhlangano woMthetho-sisekelo ePhiladelphia, iKomiti yeMicimbi yahlongoza ekuqaleni isifungo esilula, kodwa inguqulo yokugcina yavela eKomitini Yesitayela, eyayihlanganisa iGouverneur Morris, odunyiswa kabanzi ngemigqomo emihle evela eMthethweni. Isifungo saklanyelwa ukunikezwa obala, ngokwesiko yiSigqizo esiyinhloko seNkantolo Ephakeme yase-United States, nakuba uMthetho-sisekelo ungachazi ukuthi ubani okufanele asiphathe. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, isiko loMahluleli esiyinhloko esiphethe isifungo samiswa ngokuqinile, lapho uGeorge Washington ethatha isifungo sokuqala ngoApril 30, 1789, eFederal Hall eNew York City, eqondiswa nguRobert Livington, i-Canverlator of New York.

Ukunikezelwa kweWashington kwamisa izenzakalo ezizothonya ukuguqulwa komongameli emakhulwini amaningi eminyaka ezayo. Wanezela inkulumo ethi "Ngakho ngisize uNkulunkulu" ekupheleni kwesifungo, isiko amongameli abaningi abaye balilandela, nakuba kungadingwa ngokomthetho. IWashington yabeka isandla sayo phezu kweBhayibheli, imisa esinye isiko elingokomfanekiso eliye laqhubeka emlandweni waseMelika. Lokhu kwenezelwa ngokwethukela kwemfuneko yomthetho kubonisa indlela isifungo esaqala ngayo ngokwenziwa, saba isenzakalo esiyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kunaleso abafaki besakhiwo esingase sicabange.

Umthetho - sisekelo uveza futhi ukuphikisana okuyisisekelo ekubuseni kwe-Melika: ubuhlobo phakathi kwegatsha eliphethe kanye namanye amagatsha kahulumeni. Ngokufunga ukuvikela nokuvikela uMthetho-sisekelo," umongameli uyavuma ukuthi igunya lawo lisuka kuMthetho-sisekelo ngokwawo, hhayi ekugunyazeni noma ekufuneni izinhloso zomuntu siqu okuthandwayo. Lokhu kumelela ukubopheka okujulile ekubusweni komthetho, isimiso esiye savivinywa kaningi phakathi nezikhathi zenhlekelele yesizwe.

Izifungo Zobumongameli Phakathi Nezikhathi Zempi

Kuwo wonke umlando waseMelika, ukumiswa komongameli kuye kwaqondana kaningi nezikhathi zempi. Lezikhathi zembula indima yesifungo ekunikezeni ukuqhubekeka nokuzinza phakathi nezikhathi eziyingozi nezingaqinisekile. Ukumiswa kokudluliswa ngokuthula kwamandla kanye namaqiniso empi kwaveza izikhathi ezingokomfanekiso eziwuphawu ezaziqinisa izinhlangano zentando yeningi.

U - Abraham Lincoln Nempi Yombango

Ukwenziwa kokuqala kuka - Abraham Lincoln ngoMarch 4, 1861, kwenzeka ngemva kwempi yombango nempi yangaphakathi eyayisondela. Izifunda zaseningizimu eziyisikhombisa zase zimemezele ukuvalwa kwazo kusuka e-Union ngaphambi kokuba uLincoln afunge, futhi amaConferatement State of America akhiwe ngenyanga eyandulelayo. Umoya waseWashington wawumangele, amabutho empi ehleli kulo lonke idolobha ukuze avimbele ubudlova. ULincoln ngokwakhe wayefike enhloko - dolobha, ekhipha icebo lokubulala eliyiwodwa eBaltimorence.

UMahluleli omkhulu uRoger B. Taney wafunga uLincoln eMpuma Portico yeCapitol. I-insimbi yayibonakala: UTaney wayeqambe isinqumo sikaDred Scott ukuthi uLincoln noRiphabliki lwakhe baphikisane kakhulu. Lokhu kuhlanganisa kwezitha zezombangazwe ezihlanganyela enqubeni yomthetho-sisekelo kwabonisa ukuqina kwezinhlangano zaseMelika ngisho nanjengoba isizwe sasisengcupheni yokuhlukanisa. Ikhelikheli likaLincoln, ngokufaka isikhalo saso esidumile ku-"izingelosi ezingcono zemvelo yethu," kwabonisa kokubili ithemba lakhe lokubuyisana nokuzimisela kwakhe ukulondoloza i-Union.

Ukunikezelwa kukaLincoln kwesibili ngoMatshi 4, 1865, kwanikeza umongo ohluke kakhulu. IMpi Yombango yayisemasontweni ayo okugcina, nokunqoba kwe-Union kwaqiniseka kakhulu. ULincoln wanikeza mhlawumbe ikheli eliphawuleka kakhulu emlandweni waseMelika, ebiza "inqaba kunoma ubani" kanye "isikhathi sabo bonke" njengoba isizwe sasilungiselela ukwakha kabusha. ISikhulu seJaji uSalphin P. Chase wanikeza isifungo, uphawu lokuthi izwe lezombangazwe lase lishintshwe ngokuphelele kangakanani kusukela enkathini kaDred Scott. Emasontweni ayisithupha kamuva, uLincoln wayezobulawa, enze inkulumo yakhe yesibili yokuqalisa intengo ehlobene nezindleko zempi nezinselele zokuthula.

UFranklin Roosevelt NeMpi Yezwe II

Franklin D. Roosevelt ukunikezelwa kwemikhosi emine kwaqala ukuBusa Kwezomnotho Okukhulu neMpi Yezwe II, izikhathi ezavivinya ukubusa ngentando yeningi kwaseMelika ngokwesilinganiso sako. Ukunikezelwa kwakhe kokuqala ngoMatshi 4, 1933, kwenzeka phakathi nokujula kokwehla komnotho, lapho ukuswelakala umsebenzi kufinyelela kumaphesenti angu-25 futhi ukuhluleka kwamabhange kugcwele isizwe. UMahluleli omkhulu uCharles Evans Hughes wafunga ukuthi "into eyodwa esikwesabayo iwukuba khona ukwesaba ngokwakho." Inkonzo yokuqalisa i-Creal yamelela isikhashana sethemba elihlangene nesinqumo, izigidi zamaMelika zilalele imisakazo ezweni lonke.

Roosevelt wanikezelwa kwesithathu ngo-January 20, 1941 — okokuqala okwenzeka ngosuku olusha olwamiswa yiSichibiyelo Samashumi Amabili — kwenzeka njengoba iMpi Yezwe II yayihlasela eYurophu kodwa ngaphambi kokuba iMelika ihileleke ngokuqondile. Isifungo sasebenza njengesikhumbuzo samasiko entando yeningi aseMelika ngesikhathi lapho i-fascism yayisongela izinhlangano zentando yeningi emhlabeni wonke. Ngo- 1945, lapho uRoosevelt efunga isikhathi sesine, wayeseya ewohloka kakade impilo, futhi impi yayisondela esiphelweni sayo. Ukufinyela kwalokhu kunikezelwa kombuso wentando yeningi — kwakubambe i-cropool particlern parn parameter kunokwenza i-Capitol i-democralitiose. Ngo- 1945, lapho uRose wafunga isifungo futhi waphuthumayo ngesikhathi sesine.

Kulo lonke umongameli we-Roosevelt, isifungo sasifanekisela ukuqhubeka nokuzinza phakathi nezinselele ezingakaze zibonwe ngaphambili. Ukuzimisela kwakhe ukuphula isiko — okokuqala ngokuthatha amagama amathathu, bese kuba amane — kwaphakamisa imibuzo mayelana namandla kamongameli ekugcineni eyayizoholela eSichibiyelweni samashumi amabili nanhlanu. Kodwa phakathi nale nhlekelele ngokwayo, ukuqondisa isifungo njalo kwanikeza isiqinisekiso sokuthi izinqubo zedemokrasi zaqhubeka zisebenza.

Iziphazamiso Zobumongameli Phakathi Nempi Yezombangazwe Nomthetho - sisekelo

Ngaphandle kwezimpi, umlando waseMelika uhlanganisa nezenzakalo eziningi lapho kwakukhishwa khona izifungo zomongameli phakathi nezikhathi zesiyaluyalu sezombangazwe, ukungaqiniseki komthetho - sisekelo, noma izinhlekelele ezilandelanayo.

UJohn Tyler Nomongameli Wokuqala Owaphumelela

Ukufa kukaMongameli William Henry Harrison ngo-1841, inyanga eyodwa nje ngemva kokumiswa kwakhe, kwadala inhlekelele engokomthetho-sisekelo eyayizobeka isiqalo esinzima. Ukufa kukaHarrison kwakuwukufa komongameli wokuqala esikhundleni, futhi isisho somthetho - sisekelo sasingacacile, sisho ukuthi amandla obumongameli "angashintsha uMongameli" ngaphandle kokusho ukuthi umongameli ongumsekeli waba ngumuntu osebenza noma umongameli ngakweso lungelo lakhe.

Umongameli wase-Orients John Tyler wayesekhaya lakhe eWilliamsburg, eVirginia, lapho ezwa ngokufa kukaHarrison. Waphuthuma eWashington futhi wafungela iNkantolo yesifunda yaseColimpic yaseColimpia ngoApril 6, 1841. UTyler wagomela ngokushesha ukuthi wayengeyena nje umongameli ophethe umongameli ophelele, kodwa wayephethe wonke amandla nemithwalo yesikhundla. Wathatha isifungo sikamongameli ukuze agcizelele ukuthi umongameli usekeli womongameli ophumelele ekungeneni kwakhe kwe-Priestley. Lesi sibonelo samiswa kamuva esihlangene esingu-20 Finsulation. Isimiso sokulungisa i-Slectived - se-modurap sabonisa indlela yokulungisa i-buthonga, ngokunikeza ukuqondisa i-buthonga.

U - Andrew Johnson Nokwakha kabusha

Ukulandelana kuka-Andrew Johnson ngemva kokubulawa kukaLincoln ngo-April 15, 1865, kwamelela esinye sezinguquko zobumongameli ezivelele emlandweni waseMelika. UJohnson, uDemocrat waseTennessee owayesethembekile eMhlanganweni, wafungela iJaji elinguSalmon P. Chase emkhosini omfushane ehotela laseKirkwood House eWashington. Isifungo sathatha ukubaluleka okukhulu njengoba uJohnson ayecabanga ukuthi umholi wesizwe usalokhu egubha empini yangaphakathi futhi manje ekhala ngokulahlekelwa umholi waso omkhulu.

Umongameli kaJohnson wayeyophawuleka ngempi enzima neKhongolo yesimiso sokulungisa isakhiwo. Ukuzimisela kwakhe ukufunga isikhundla akukuvimbelanga ukujeziswa kwakhe ekugcineni yiNdlu yabameleli — nakuba akhululwa yivoti eyodwa eSigqeni. Icala likaJohnson labonisa imingcele yesifungo: nakuba lalibopha umongameli ukuba asekele uMthetho-sisekelo, alinakuqinisekisa ukuthi umongameli uyochaza imithwalo yemfanelo yomthetho-mthetho ngendlela efanayo ne-Congress.

ULyndon B. Johnson Nokubulawa Kwe - JFK

Mhlawumbe isifungo esiphawuleka kakhulu sikamongameli emlandweni waseMelika senzeka emoyeni we-Air Force One ngoNovember 22, 1963, amahora ambalwa ngemva kokubulawa kukaMongameli John F. Kennedy eDallas, eTexas. Umongameli ongummeli uLyndon B. Johnson wafungela umongameli kahulumeni uSarah T. Hughes, okwenza uJohnson abe umongameli wokuqala ukuba asungulwe ngowesifazane. Lomkhosi wawenziwa ezindaweni ezimngcibini zezindiza zikamongameli, kanye noJacqueline Kennedy, esagqoke isudi yakhe ebomvana, emile eduze.

Isithombe salokhu kuthuka kwaba esinye sezithombe eziphawuleka kakhulu zekhulu lamashumi amabili leminyaka, ukuthatha amandla adonsela phansi kanye nokulandelana ngokuzumayo kobumongameli. Isifungo sikaJohnson samelela kokubili isidingo somthetho-sisekelo nesibonakaliso esinamandla sokuqhubeka phakathi nesikhathi sokushaqeka nosizi kwesizwe. Ijubane ushintsho olwenzeka ngalo — ngemva nje kwamahora amabili ngemva kokufa kukaKennedy — sabonisa ukubaluleka komthetho sisekelo ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi amandla kamongameli azakudluliselwa ngokushesha nangokungena ngokucacile.

Ulandelelwano lukaJohnson lwaqokomisa ukubaluleka kokuhamba nokuxhumana kwanamuhla ekushintsheni kobumongameli. UJohnson wafunga ngaphambi kokuhamba eDallas, eqinisekisa ukuthi akukho gebe egunyeni eliphetheyo eliyokwenzeka ngisho nalapho isizwe sifunda ngokufa kukaKennedy. Lokhu kwathatha indlela yokulandelana kwesikhathi esizayo, kugcizelela ukubaluleka kokuqhubekeka ngokushesha nokubonakalayo.

Izimpi Zobumongameli Phakathi NeMpi Yomshoshaphansi Neziphepho Zezizwe Zonke

Inkathi yeMpi Yomshoshaphansi yavulela ababusi baseMelika izinselele ezintsha, ngezikhali zenuzi, ukungqubuzana kwemibono nemithwalo yemfanelo yomhlaba wonke okushintsha isimo samandla obumongameli.

UJohn F.Kennedy Nesisekelo Sempi Yenuzi

UJohn F. Kennedy waqala ukuqalwa ngo-January 20, 1961, ngesikhathi iMpi Yomshoshaphansi iqala ukushuba. Umongameli omusha wanikeza inkulumo yakhe yokuvula emakhazeni ashubile asebusika baseWashington, amazwi akhe abonakala ngokuphefumula lapho ekhuluma nesizwe nezwe elibukele eduze. Inselele kaKennedy edumile — "Buza ukuthi izwe lakho lingakwenzelani" — wawanikeza ngokumelene nokudumba kwezikhali zenuzi kanye nokuphikisana neSoviet Union.

IJaji eliyinhloko u-Earl Warren wanikeza uKennedy isifungo, owabeka isandla sakhe phezu kweBhayibheli elifanayo elasetshenziswa uGeorge Washington noAbraham Lincoln. Isifanekiso sokuqhubeka nomongameli bangaphambili sasingamabomu, sisikisela ukuthi amasiko entando yeningi aseMelika ayeyokhuthazeka ngezinselele zenkathi ye-athomu. Nokho ukunikezelwa kukaKennedy kwabonisa futhi ubusha namandla esizukulwane esisha, nomongameli oneminyaka engu-33 ubudala owayemelela ukuhluka okucacile nowayenduleli uDwight Eisnenhower, owayengumongameli omdala kunaye oneminyaka engu-70 kulelo.

Kennedy umongameli wayezobuswa izinhlekelele zemithetho yakwamanye amazwe, kuhlanganise neBay of Hugues, i-Berlin Crisis, neCuban Missile Crisis. Isifungo asithatha ngoJanuwari ekuseni sasizohlolwa ngokuphindaphindiwe njengoba ayebhekene nempi yenuzi. Phakathi neCuba Missile Crisis ngoOctober 1962, uKennedy wazibophezela ekulondolozeni nokuvikela uMthetho-sisekelo wathatha ukubaluleka okubalulekile njengoba izwe lalisondela kakhulu kunangaphambili kwe-Armagedoni yenuzi.

URichard Nixon Nokuphela KweMpi Yomshoshaphansi

Ukwamukelwa kwesibili kukaRichard Nixon ngo-January 20, 1973, kwenzeka phakathi nenkathi yakho kokubili amathuba asemhlabeni wonke kanye nenhlekelele yasekhaya. UNixon wayevule ubuhlobo obungokwesivumelwano neChina futhi waphishekela ukuncishiswa kwezwe neSoviet Union, walungisa kabusha iMpi Yomshoshaphansi. Kodwa ihlazo leWatergate lase livunukile kakade, nakuba izinga lalo eliphelele lalingakatholakali obala. Isifungo uNixon asithathanga lolo suku manje sibonakala sihlekisa: wafunga ukuvikela, ukuvikela, nokuvikela uMthetho-sisekelo ngesikhathi ukubusa kwakhe kusenziwa imizamo yokuqeda inqubo yentando yeningi.

Lapho uNixon eyeka ukuthatha isikhundla ngoAugust 9, 1974, umongameli uGerald Ford wathatha isifungo e-East House of the White House. Ukungenela kwakhe ngokwako ngokomlando kwakungakaze kube ngokomlando: wayemiswe njengosekela kamongameli ngaphansi kweSiphendulo samashumi amabili nanhlanu ngemva kokuyeka kukaSpiro Agnew, emenza umongameli wokuqala angakhethwanga ukuba abe yilungu likamongameli noma isekela likamongameli. Isifungo sikaFord sasimelele umzamo wokubuyisela ukwethenjwa kukamongameli ngemva kokuxhashazwa kweNicon. Intelo yakhe eyalandela iNison, nakuba iphikisana, yabonisa inkolelo yakhe yokuthi isizwe sasidinga ukuqhubekela phambili kunokuba sihlale sihleli singenamthetho.

ISichibiyelo Se - 20 Nempumelelo Yanamuhla

Ukubekwa kweSichibiyelo samashumi amabili nanhlanu ngo-1967 kwakhuluma ngeziqu eziningi zobumongameli ezazidalwe kuwo wonke umlando waseMelika. Ukulungiswa kwanikeza izinqubo ezicacile zezindawo zobumongameli eziphethe umongameli, ukukhubazeka komongameli, nokudluliswa kwamandla. Kwahlela futhi ukubaluleka kwesifungo sobumongameli njengendlela yokuqinisekisa ukuqhubekeka nokufaneleka.

Ingxenye 1 yenguquko eyafaka i-Tyler sathromedia, iqinisekisa ukuthi "uMongameli ongumsekeli uzoba uMongameli" ekufeni komongameli noma ekuyekeni. Ingxenye 2 ilungiselelwe ukugcwalisa izikhala zomongameli eziphethe ngobumongameli nokuqinisekisa. Izigaba 3 no-4 ezikhuluma ngomongameli, zivumela isekela lomongameli ukuba lisebenze njengomongameli lapho umongameli engakwazi ukugcwalisa imisebenzi yabo. I-antempment yamelela ukusabela komthetho wempikiswano yezinselele zokulandelana kwemithetho eyaye yavela kuwo wonke umlando waseMelika.

Ukubaluleka kweSichibiyelo samashumi amabili nanhlanu kwacaca phakathi noMongameli Ronald Reagan lapho ethola isibhedlela ngemva komzamo wokubulala ngo-1982. UReagan wayedutshulwe uJohn Hinckley Jr. ngoMatshi 30, 1981, futhi wahlinzwa ngokuphuthumayo. Umongameli uGeorge H.W. Bush wayendizela emuva eWashington esuka eTexas. Kwakudidekile ukuthi amandla ayethathelwe indawo ethile, njengoba uReagan ayengazange acele iSiqesha 3 se-andement. Isenzakalo saholela ekusunguleni izikhulu ezicacile zemithetho e-andrensiments lapho kudingekile.

Umongameli uGeorge W. Bush wacelwa kabili iSigaxa 3 seSichibiyelo samashumi amabili nanhlanu phakathi nobumongameli bakhe, edlulisela amandla kuMongameli uDick Cheney okwesikhashana ngesikhathi ethatha ama-coloscopies avamile ngo-2002 nango 2007. Lezi zikhathi zabonisa ukuthi ukubuyiselwa kwaba yithuluzi elivamile elilawulayo, ukuqinisekisa ukuqhubekeka kwegunya ngisho naphakathi kwezinkathi ezimfushane zobumongameli ekufakweni kwe-pacapa. Isifungo sehhovisi saqhubeka sisemgabeni: lapho amandla edluliselwa, umongameli wesipheshana wayesebenza njengethuluzi elivamile, eboshweni liboshwe izibopho ezingokomthetho womthetho.

Isigodlo Njengetshe Elithintayo Lezindinganiso Zentando Yeningi

Ngaphandle komsebenzi waso somthetho sisekelo, isifungo somongameli sisebenza njengesibonakaliso esinamandla sezindinganiso zentando yeningi nezibopho. Simelela isithembiso somphakathi esihlanganisa umongameli ngamunye nabo bonke abanduleli kanye nabalandeli, sidala uhide olungenaluphekuhluka-hluka lobuqotho bomthetho - sisekelo oluqala emuva enkathini yokusungulwa. Lolu phawu olungokomfanekiso luye lwaba lubaluleke kakhulu njengoba umongameli ekhula ebusa futhi ebonakala.

Isifungo futhi sisebenza njengempoqo yamandla obumongameli, sikhumbuza umphathi ngamunye ukuthi igunya lakhe lisuka kuMthetho-sisekelo futhi lilinganiselwe ngamalungiselelo aso. Lokhu kuqonda kuye kwavivinywa phakathi nezikhathi zenhlekelele, lapho amongameli beye balingwa ukuba badlule imingcele engokomthetho-sisekelo egameni lokhuseleko lwesizwe. UAbraham Lincoln wayeka i-habeas corpus phakathi neMpi Yombango; uFranklin Roosevelt wagunyaza i-alphanment yaseJapane phakathi neMpi Yezwe II; uRichard Nixon waveza ilungelo eliphethe lokumelana nophenyo.

Ukulingwa okungagunyaziswayo kukaMongameli uAndrew Johnson, uRichard Nixon, uBill Clinton, noDonald Trump bonke baphakamisa imibuzo mayelana nokwethembeka kukamongameli esifungweni sabo somthetho-sisekelo. Ulimi oluqondile lwesifungo — ukuthi "ngokuthembeka ubulale iHhovisi likaMongameli" — luye lwaba yisici esiyinhloko ekumangaleleni, ne House of Sreaderstiers ishoshoshoshoshoshoshoshoshoshoshoshoshoshoshosholo ngokuphula lomthetho. Ngakho umbhalo wemithetho uba indinganiso ebhekenelwayo, ngisho nangencazelo ye-"inkelele" yokubulawa kwabaphathi" ihlala iphikiswa.

Isifungo sikamongameli sisebenza futhi njengesibonelo sezinye izifungo zesikhundla ezithathwa izikhulu zikahulumeni, kusukela kumalungu eSishayamthetho kuya kumajaji eNkantolo Ephakeme kuya kuzikhulu zempi. Zonke izikhulu zikahulumeni zifunga noma zivume ukusekela uMthetho-sisekelo, zisungula iqoqo lezibopho zomthetho-sisekelo ezisekela uhulumeni. Lokhu kuqinisa umqondo wokuthi uMthetho-sisekelo ungumthetho ophakeme wezwe, ubopha bonke abadlali bakahulumeni kungakhathaliseki ukuthi banemithwalo yemfanelo ethile.

Isiphetho: Ukuphakama Okuhlala Njalo KweSigodlo Somongameli

Isifungo sikamongameli sesikhundla siye sasuka kumthetho - sisekelo olula owenzelwa ukuba ube isiko eliyinkimbinkimbi elihlanganisa umthetho ngokomthetho, izombangazwe, nesibonakaliso. Phakathi nezikhathi ezibucayi emlandweni waseMelika — impi yombango, impi yezwe, ukubulala, amahlazo, nomthetho - sisekelo — lesi sifungo siye sanikeza ukuqhubekeka nokufaneleka, sihlanganisa ukuphatha ngakunye nesimiso somthetho ngokomthetho esigunyaza amandla obumongameli nokulinganisela. Amazwi akhulunywayo ngesikhathi sokunikezelwa kombuso ngamunye ahlanganisa umongameli noMthetho - sisekelo nabantu baseMelika abawamukela, ngokwenkulumo engokomthetho, umthombo oyinhloko wegunya eliphakeme.

[[FLT: 0] Izinqolobane zeNational Transdiction Project zilondoloza umbiko wokuqala we-Constitution, kuhlanganise nesihloko esimisa isifungo sobumongameli, njengesikhumbuzo somklamo oqondile wesizukulwane esisunguliweyo. i-Projectritical Transformationation Project eBanglication for Public Service [[[FLT:]] inikeza ulwazi olubanzi lwemifungo yenkonzo ye-Profesiclate yezenterstry [[FLT]] ukuthuthukisa ukuthuthuka kwezengale kwezombangazwe. [FLT] [5] [5] [i Izifungo zokucwaninga] [FLMphinizobuphisombululo]

Njengoba i-United States iqhubeka ibhekene nezinselele ezintsha — kusukela ekuphazamisekeni kwezobuchwepheshe kuya ekushintsheni kwenani labantu kuya ekuncintisaneni kwezezombangazwe — isifungo sobumongameli siyohlala siyinhlangano ebalulekile. Siyoqhubeka ukubopha umongameli ngamunye kuMthetho-sisekelo, sikhumbuza bona nesizwe sezibopho eziyisisekelo ezisekela idemokrasi yaseMelika. Amazwi akhulunywayo kulokhu kunikezelwa akuwona nje amasiko: amelela isithembiso esiye sagcinwa, ngezinye izikhathi esingaphelele, phakathi namakhulu amabili eminyaka omlando waseMelika. Leso isithembiso siyisisekelo sokuzama kwaseMelika ekuzibekeleni komuntu siqu.