Umsuka Nokuziphendukela Kwezwe

Izimpande ze-United States National Guard zibuyela emuva kumabutho alwayo angaphansi kwekoloni asekuqaleni kwekhulu le-17. EMassachusetts, ibutho lokuqala lamabutho amasosha lakhiwa ngo-1636(a usuku manje oluqashelwa njengokuqala kwesimiso sobugada. Laba bantu abahlala ezweni baqeqeshwa njalo kodwa babesemisebenzini engekho empini, besabela kuphela lapho ikoloni labo lihlaselwa. Lendlela yokuvikela yendawo yathwalwa iNguquko yaseMelika, lapho amabutho amabutho alwa khona eLexington nase-Concord, futhi kamuva akha umnyombo we-mslo wamabutho e-George Washingtonindeast phakathi nemikhankambiso enzima.

Ngemva kwenkululeko, iMilitia Acts ka 1792 ehlelwe kahle amabutho kahulumeni futhi ifuna wonke amadoda amhlophe akwaziyo ukukhonza. Ngekhulu le-19, la mandla ombuso ashintsha aba izinhlelo zokuzithandela ezihlelwe kahle, ezaziwa ngokuthi “amabutho ahlangene.” Dick Act ka1903 yaphawula inkathi yoshintsho: yadala i-National Guard ngokuhlela imikhosi yesizwe ngezindinganiso ze-ogentive , inikeza ukuxhasa nokudinga ukuqeqeshwa kwasikhathi sonke. Le ndima ehlangene yaba yindima evezwa yi-gardeault [i-part:0] [impostala] yango [injini ye-ingamiswa ababusi bezehlela noma umongameli wempi enkulu.

Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama - 20, iNational Guard yase ishintshe iqoqo lezindawo zokuzivikela yaba ingxenye ephambili yebutho lezempi lase-U.S. amadoda ayo abhola ngezimpelasonto, ikamu lasehlobo neButho, futhi ahlala ekulungele ukumisa lapho isizwe sibizwa. Lesi sisekelo sasizohlolwa ngokuphindaphindiwe ekhulwini leminyaka elizayo.

IMpi Yezwe I: Abaqaphi AbaseNtshonalanga

Lapho i-United States ingena eMpini Yezwe I ngo-1917, i-National Guard yahlelwa ngokushesha futhi yahlukaniswa. Edume kakhulu kwakuyi- yethi “[i-“Rainbow”] ngo--842 Ingxenye yeqembu lamagada [iqembu elihlangeneyo lama-gadenti asuka ezifundazweni ezingu-26. Yalwa ezimpini ezinkulu kuhlanganise neCâteau-Thierry, Saint-Mihiel, kanye neMeuse-Argonne ecasula. Ezinye izigaba zogameko zogada, njenge 26th (Inkaba) ne 29th (Blue), futhi yabona impi enkulu. Amasosha angu-380 000 amasosha ayesenyuka eYurophu, kanye neziphethobalelwa cishe ngu-100 000.

Impi yaqinisekisa ukuvuma kwe-gard kodwa futhi yadalulwa ekusweleni kwemishini nokuqeqeshwa. Amahlelo amaningi agada afika eFrance enezibhamu ezivela eMpini yaseSpain-American futhi kwadingeka aqeqeshwe futhi yimpi yasikhathi sonke. Naphezu kwalezi zinselele, amasosha ezakhamuzi athola inhlonipho kubaphathi bempi abahlangeneyo. I-National Guard yabonisa ukuthi amabutho engxenye yesikhathi esisodwa angalwa njalo empini yanamuhla yezezimboni.

Ngemva kwe-Armistice, iQuary yasuswa futhi yabuyiselwa ekuqondiseni kwezwe, kwabe sekubuye kwakhiwa kancane kancane phakathi kwawo-1920 nawo-1930. Izifundo zeMpi Yezwe I zaholela ekuhlanganisweni kangcono neButho Lempi Elivamile (ukuhlanganiswa kwempi) okungaletha inzuzo ezimpini ezilandelayo zomhlaba.

IMpi Yezwe II: Ukuthunjwa Okuphelele

IMpi Yezwe II yaba nokubuthwa okukhulu kakhulu kwe-National Guard emlandweni. Ngo-1940, lapho impi idlanga eYurophu, uMongameli uFranklin D. Roosevelt wamisa wonke amaqembu aBagada ($] isimemo sokuqala sokuthula emlandweni waseMelika. Abagada abangaphezu kuka-30 000 baqhutshekwa phambi kwePearl Harbor, futhi ngo- 1945, ukuhlukana kwabagawuli abangu-18 kwase kulwile emhlabeni wonke.

Izibonelo eziyinhloko zihlanganisa [[FLT:] u-June 6, 1944, futhi walwa wadayisa i-Normandy ne-Jalimane. [[FLT:]] I-fluethics evela eVirginia, e-Maryland, e-Pennsylvania, nase-Columbia. I-29th yawela e-Omaha Beach ngeD, June 6, 1944, futhi yalwa yadayisa eNormandy nase-Jalimane. [[FLT:]] I-45thrigioth Division [[[[FLT:]], “istriesbans" e-Oklany" e-Oklany e-Ok e-Oklany, e-yase-Ningizimu, yakhonza eSicily, e-Italy, nase-France, ekhulula ikamu lenkampane. [[FLT]]] I-flve [FFFFF]]]] .[FFFFFD]]]] [2:3]]

Ekhaya, amaqembu agada amabhuloho, amafektha, nezikhungo zikagesi; ahamba ngezindiza ehamba ezindaweni ezimelene nemikhumbi engaphansi komhlaba ezisogwini; futhi aqeqeshelwe ukuthutha izindiza. Ingqikithi yomnikelo we-gader yayingaphezulu kwamasosha angu - 300 000 emsebenzini okhuthele (8) amaphesenti angaphezu kwangu - 20 empi yeButho elinamandla empi. Lokhu kwashintsha igada lasuka endaweni yokugcina ehlala kuyo labasebenzi eliyo lalingasekwe yiziqinisini zonke ezimpini ezalandela.

IMpi Yomshoshaphansi: IKorea NeVietnam

EKorea: Ukuhlaselwa Yizithukuthezi Ngenxa Yempi Elinganiselwe

Lapho i-North Korea ihlasela i-South Korea ngo-1950, i-National Guards yaphinde yabizwa. Ezinyangeni ezimbalwa, abaphathi abangaphezu kuka-138 000 bamiswa, futhi izigaba ezintathu zamagada (i-40th (i-California), i-45th (Oklaoma), ne 28 (Pennsylvania) zaphinde zabizwa nge-Korea. Lezi zigaba zahlanganyela ekulweni okukhulu, kuhlanganise neMpi ye-Harfection Ridge kanye nokuzivikela kwe-Puncia. [FLT:]

IMpi yase Korea yembula izinkinga zesimiso somthetho: amahlelo amaningi amasosha ayengaphansi kwesimiso futhi ayengenazo izimpahla zesimanje. Amanye amasosha ayesaphethe izibhamu zeMpi Yezwe II. Ukuhlomela kwathatha isikhathi eside kunangokulindelekile, futhi i-Army yabuza ukuzimisela kogada. Lokhu kwaholela ezinguquni ezinkulu ngaphansi kwezimfuneko [[FLT: 0]] zokuncintisana nomthetho weNjongo yeMpi ka-1958 kanye ne- i-Acts Act ka-D [FLT] ka-555], okuye kwaholela ekuqeqesheni okukhulu futhi kunezilinganiso ezingcono zoMbutho zoMbutho wempi.

IVietnam: Impikiswano Noshintsho

IMpi yaseVietnam yanikeza iNational Guard inselele yayo enkulu ehlukanisayo. Ngokungafani nezimpi zangaphambili, iQuega alizange libuthelwe ngokugcwele eVietnam. Kunalokho, uMnyango Wezokuvikela wathembela emabuthweni adwetshwayo nasebenza ngokuzikhandla, izisebenzi zokuzithandela ezihlukene noma izinhlangano ezincane zezemisebenzi ethile. Iqembu elilodwa kuphela legalelo lamagada (* i-49th Armaged) elathunyelwa e-Texas, futhi ekugcineni lelo qembu alithunyelwanga empini.

Lokhu kusebenza okulinganiselwe kwaholela ekumangaleleni ukuthi ugada baba yindawo yokukhosela yabagwema abagwedli bobudibi. Ukuhlola kuka-1969 kwe-Congregational Research Service kwathola ukuthi i-National Guard yayimhlophe kakhulu, isigaba esiphakathi, futhi yayifundile ekolishi (izifundo zokubhala) futhi yafunda i-rekholiji (i-refeographics) eyajabulela ukutholakala kalula ezindaweni zogadayo phakathi nenkathi yokubuthwa kwemikhumbi. Nokho, abagadi abaningi basebenza eVietnam njengabavusi, futhi abanye basekela imithunywa enjengezinxushunxushunxushunxushu nezokuvikela izindiza. IVietnam yabhekana nomonakalo womphakathi wezinga eliphansi kanye nenguquko ephoqelelwa ukuba i-Rards ukuze ikwazi ukuthwala izikhali futhi isetshenziswe kalula.

IPost-9/11 Era: Iraq ne Afghanistan

Phakathi namahora ambalwa amabutho amasosha ayeqaphe izikhumulo zezindiza, amabhuloho nezakhiwo zesizwe. Umongameli uGeorge W. Bush wanquma ukuhlasela i - Afghanistan (2001) ne - Iraq (2003) okwabangela ukuqoqwa kweNqaba enkulu nende kakhulu kusukela ngeMpi Yezwe II.

Ngonyaka ka-2005, abagada abangaphezu kuka-300,000 base bebekwe eMpumalanga Ephakathi. umkhankaso wokugada iQuedar Division ka-New York] wahola umzamo wokuphepha enyakatho ye-Iraq. I-Cavalry Division ukumiswa kwahlanganisa amaqembu amaningi alwanononononqando oluqinile. Amaqoqo aphinde aqala imisebenzi yokwakha izikole: ukuqeqesha izikole, amaphoyisa e-Iraqraq, nokusakaza izimpikiswano zezizwe. E-Afghanistantian, [[FLT:]Grickry Brick Combat[FLT] [FLT:] [VRmont] [5] [iv] ezimpini ezinkulu] (ivoti) ezindaweni ezigcwele izimo eziphezulu kakhulu, ezinye zezikhulu zezokuvikela.

Impi yathatha ubude − ngaphezu kweminyaka engu-20. Ukunqandwa kwezikhali ze-Aard kwaqala ukuba yinqubo, kwamasosha amaningi asebenza uhambo kathathu noma olune. Izikhali zaphela, futhi zaphelelwa isithakazelo. Impi yasabela nge I-Total Force Policy[, eyenza ukuba iQuenda libe isiqingo esisebenzayo, okusho ukuthi amabutho amasosha ayezosetshenziswa njalo njengamaqembu asebenzayo. Lo mzila washesha kakhulu ngemva konyaka ka-2015, lapho iNqaba igaga inikeza njalo amaphesenti angu-30 amandla e-40 e-Iraq nase-Afghanistan.

Phakathi naleso sikhathi, i-Air National Guard yandiza izinkulungwane zemisebenzi esekela ukusebenza kuzo zombili imidlalo yasesiteji, kuhlanganise nezindiza ezihamba emoyeni, ukuqapha, nokuphakanyiswa kwezindiza. Abashayeli bezindiza bandiza amaF-15, ama-A10, nama-drones, ngokuvamile ukusuka ezindaweni ezingaphambili. I-Air Guard yanikeza amaphesenti angaba ngu-20 engqikithi yezindiza ze-Air Force kanye nengxenye enkulu yokusekela kwayo umoya eMpuma-phakathi.

Imisebenzi Yasekhaya Nokulondeka Kwasezweni

Kusukela ngo - 2001, lo msebenzi uye wakhula ngendlela ephawulekayo. Abaqaphi basabela ngezinhlekelele zemvelo (izinhlekelele zemvelo, izimoto, izikhukhula), izinxushunxushu zombango, nezinkinga zempilo yomphakathi. Ikhono labo eliyingqayizivele lokusuka ngokushesha kuhulumeni baye kuhulumeni bawuqondisa liwenza abe yiwona mandla okuzikhethela.

ISiphepho uKatrina ngo 2005 sashintsha kakhulu. Amabutho aBagada angaphezu kuka - 50 000 avela kunoma yiliphi izwe athunyelwa eGulf Coast, ehlola futhi ekhulula, esakaza izinto, futhi enikeza ukulondeka. Ukusabela kwagxekwa ngokuthatha ijubane, kodwa kwabangela izinguquko kuFLT:0] uRelationFrames kanye nokubambisana okungcono phakathi kwe-FEMA ne-garde. Ngo-2017, amaqembu abalindishi abavela eTexas naseFlorida asabela ephethulweni lika-Ryvey nase-Irma, kanye nokuhlenga ugesi omkhulu.

Isifo se-COVOID-19 sabona isakhiwo esikhulu kakhulu esifuywe ngomlando wamaQuede − amabutho angaphezu kuka-110 000 enyuka. Ayehamba ezindaweni zokuhlola, izibhedlela ezinezisebenzi, asakaza imithi yokugoma, futhi aphethe amabhange okudla. Ngo-2020, amasosha asabela futhi ezingxabanweni zomphakathi ngemva kokubulawa kukaGeorge Floyd, esiza ukugcinwa komthetho endaweni ezindaweni ezingaphezu kwezingu-30 kanye naseWashington, D.C., phakathi nokuhlasela kwe-January 6 Capitol.

Ukusabela ngomlilo eNtshonalanga sekuwumsebenzi ongapheli. Ama-pane ezindiza ahamba ngendiza ehamba ngendiza ehamba ngendiza ehamba ngendiza ehamba ngendiza futhi athutha izindiza ezishisayo. Ngo-2024, izisebenzi zaseCalifornia zathumela amasosha angaphezu kuka 1 500 ukuba zilwe nemlilo omlilo owawushisa amahektare angaphezu kwesigidi. Isimo sezindiza ezisebenzisa amahlathi nezisebenzi . Izindiza ezisebenza ngokubili zezindiza ziqeqeshelwa ukulwa kodwa zilungele ukulwa kodwa zilindele ukubhekana nokongazehlakazeki: izindiza ezifanayo ezithwala umlilo oncibilikayo ezikwazi ukusekela ukudubulana e-Afghanistan emilini emakhaya.

Lemisebenzi yasekhaya iqokomisa inani eliyingqayizivele logada. Ngokungafani nengxenye esebenzayo, okumelwe ithunyelwe phesheya, igada lihlala e-United States. Amalungu alo ahlala emiphakathini ayivikelayo. Lokhu kuhlangana kwakha ukuthembana nezikhathi zokusabela ngokushesha okungekho hulumeni ongazifanisa.

Ukuqhubeka Nokuziphendukela Kwemvelo Nombono Wesikhathi Esizayo

I-National Guard iyaqhubeka iqamba umbango. Kusukela ngo-2005, uMnyango Wezokhuselo uye wamisa i-National Guaurdia njengemisebenzi ehlangene, uyinika isihlalo eZikhulwini zenhlangano yabaStafu. Isikhulu se-National Guard Bureau manje seluleka uMongameli noNobhala wezeNsitho ezindabeni ezigciniwe. Lendima ephezulu ibonisa ukubaluleka koMgadi woMkhosi njengegunya elisebenzayo, hhayi nje isakhiwo esigciniwe.

Imizamo yanamuhla yokuzivikela kolwembu, ukusebenza kwe-inthanethi, nempi ye-drone. Izifunda eziningana manje ziphethe i-Defense Cyber Microls Centers, lapho ochwepheshe bezobuchwepheshe be-Indacism bevikela khona izakhiwo eziyingozi kubaculi bangaphandle. I-Air National Guard ihlela ukusebenzisa i-F-15EX ne F-35 yezemisebenzi esebenzayo. I-Guard Syriver ihlola izimoto ezintsha ze-Flovetrowesterce nemishini yayo yesimanje yokusekela imishini ebanzi.

Uma bebheka phambili, ngokunokwenzeka abagada bayobhekana nezinselele ezintathu: i-apersonal remoteodo `igcina amasosha angasha ngemva kwamashumi amabili eminyaka enziwa ngokuqhubekayo; ukuzimisela [] ._ukubamba ukulwa nokuqeqeshwa ngemisebenzi yasekhaya ekhipha isikhathi nemali; ukuvala [[[FLT:]]] ukuhlanganisa nemisebenzi yezentengiso yezemisebenzi yeposi yemakethe ephansi. [[FLT] Umthetho wokhuselo lwesizwe [FLT] [FLD:6] Umthetho wokwethulo olukhokhelwayo lwe-2024]

Isiphetho: Ifa Elihlala Njalo Lesikhulu Sasezweni

Kusukela ekubuthweni kwamabutho amakoloni ngo-1636 kuya kwabavikeli be-inthanethi ngo-2025, i-National Guard iye yasebenza kuyo yonke impi enkulu yase-U.S. Amasosha ayo aye alwa emigodini yaseFrance, emahlathini asePacific, ezintabeni zaseKorea, amafa elayisi aseVietnam, izingwadule zase-Iraq, nezintaba zase-Afghanistan. Futhi aye aba yizithakazeli zokuqala eziphephweni, ezibhebhebhethene, nezibhelu. Lelifa elikade lenza iQeqeshana elikhethekile laseMelika − i-agoria lase-Melika kodwa livikela isizwe; lezo ezisebenza eduze kwempi kodwa zisebenza futhi kunoma isiphi isifunda.

Ukuhileleka kwe-gard ezimpini ezinkulu kubonisa isimiso esiyinhloko se-Melika sokuvikela: amabutho alawulwa kahle adingekile ekuvikeleni isimo sokukhululeka. Njengoba ukusongela kwezwe kuya kuba yinkimbinkimbi, ukuvumelana kwezindawo, ulwazi lwendawo, kanye nekhono elikhulu elimisiwe liqinisekisa ukuthi ahlala eyingxenye eyisisekelo yamandla empi nempi yezwe laseMelika. Umlando weNational Guard awuyona nje indaba yezimpi ezinqotshwe (isivumelwano sezakhamuzi ezivamile ezizimisele ukukhonza lapho izwe nemiphakathi zidinga kakhulu.)

Ukuze uthole ukwaziswa okwengeziwe, vakashela i- i-National Guard Province History, U.S. Army College [, kanye nesihloko se- [ I-DoD ekhuluma ngokuqapha kwanamuhla [[.