Ukuqonda Izinga Lokuphepha Kokudla KukaHulumeni

Ukuphepha kokudla kuyinkinga ecindezelayo yesizwe, kodwa ukuphatha kwayo kuxhomeke kakhulu kohulumeni bezwe. Uma amaMelika angaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-34 ebhekene nokungalondeki kokudla ngo-2022, ngokwe- USDA Economic Research Service Service[, izinqumo ezenziwa ababusi bahlela ngokuqondile indlela imithombo yemali elwayo ne-ohulumeni efinyelela ngayo imikhaya enzima. Lesihloko sihlola izindlela ze-guarneator ezilawulayo ezithinta ukulondeka kokudla, imiphumela yangempela yezinhlelo ezinjenge-Anderal Contrition Activeal Convition Programme (SPAP), i-SPAP, i-Quality Contivetion Program for Women, i-Treans (WIC), nezingane, kanye ne-Auths (IC), ne-ovestst - traces). Lesi sihloko sihlola isimiso esithinta izinga lokudla ukudla esithinta ukudla.

Igunya Lezokugada Ezimisweni Zokuphepha Kokudla

Abalawuli basebenzisa amandla asebenzayo athinta wonke ungqimba losizo lokudla kukahulumeni. Ububanzi begunya labo bahlela imali, ukuhola kwezinhlangano, iziyalezo zokuqondisa nokuhlela izishaya-mthetho. Ukuqonda lezi zisetshenziswa kubalulekile ekuhloleni indlela ukuhola kwezwe okungaqinisa noma kunciphise ngayo idendali lokuphepha.

Ukulawula Uhlelo Lokusebenzisa Imali Nokusikisela

Uhlelo lwezimali lukahulumeni lungababusi bamathuluzi abayinhloko abasetshenziswayo ukulinganisela izinhlelo zokudla. Nakuba i-SNAP ixhaswe uhulumeni, isho ukuthi izindleko zokuphatha futhi inganezela izinzuzo. Ngokwesibonelo, umbusi angasikisela ukuba i-SNAP ithole imali eyengeziwe yokuxhasa i-SNAP nosizo lokusebenza, ukunyusela ngokuqondile inani labantu abafanelekayo. Ngokuphikisanayo, ukuhlelwa kwemali kuncishintshwa kwezindawo zokugada ukudla noma izinhlelo zokufundisa ukudla kunganciphisa ukufinyelela. Cententent on Bacreal and Policy Pritive[ iphawula ukuthi imali yezombuso ye-SNAPLAP] incices engcono ngokwezimo eziningi, ngenxa yezicelo zezemali zezemali.

Iziqondiso Zokuqondisa Nezinduna Eziphethe

Ohulumeni bangakhipha iziyalo zezikhulu zokuhlela noma zokwandisa amandla ohlelo phakathi nobhadane lwe-CHOVAD-19. Phakathi nobhadane lwe-CHOVAD, ababusi abaningi basebenzisa izimemezelo eziphuthumayo ukuze basuse izimfuneko zomsebenzi, banwebe inkathi yokuqinisekisa, futhi bagunyaze i-Pndemic EBT (P-EBT). Le misebenzi inciphisa kakhulu ubunzima bokudla. Ukuhlola [[FLT:] ulwembusawu olunezelelwe iMelika-[ kwathola ukuthi i-panetic contifics ibona ukuncipha okusheshayo ekungahleleki ukudla. Nokho, ababusi banamandla okulahla izinhlu zokudla noma izinqubo ezivimbelayo, njengokufuna ama-ID e-SNPAP, angenza izikhawu ezihlanganisa izikhala zokuhlanganyela.

Ukumiswa Kwabaholi Be - Agency

Abalawuli bamisa abaqondisi beminyango kahulumeni enikeza usizo lokudla − ngokushoshosho uMnyango Wezinkonzo Zomphakathi, uMnyango Wezolimo, noma okufanayo. Laba abamisiwe bamisa uhlelo oluza kuqala, bachaza imithetho kahulumeni, futhi banike imithombo yengcebo. Umbusi ohlela imizamo emelene nezentengiselwano uzokhetha abaholi ngempilo yomphakathi noma ngezizinda zenkonzo zezenhlalo, kuyilapho umbusi ogxile ekunciphiseni imali echithwayo kahulumeni angamisa izikhulu ezigcizelela ukukhohliswa ngokukhwaba nokusetshenziswa komsebenzi. Ifilosofi eholayo ihlela ngokuqondile emahhovisi endawo kanye naselwazini lwabathengi.

Abaqondisi Bemithetho: Indlela Abalawuli Abazihlela Ngayo Izinhlelo Ezithile

Ithonya lezimiso zobuphekula lidlulela kubudlelwane obukhethekile bezwe likahulumeni kanye nezinyathelo eziqalwe uhulumeni. Uhlelo ngalunye lunezici ezihlukile ezisabela esinyathelweni sokuqondisa.

I - SNAP: I - ender Access Ne - strediling Councing

I-SNAP iyisimiso esikhulu kakhulu sokunikeza usizo lokudla kuhulumeni, kodwa ihlela ukuthi inikezwe. Abaphathi banganciphisa noma bafake imithetho engcono ye-"athorical gremical gremical" (evumela imikhaya enezinto ezilinganiselwe ukuba ifaneleke) futhi bangakhetha ukwenza kube lula ukubika noma ukunweba nge-intanethi. Ngokwesibonelo, uMbusi wase California Gavin Newsom wandisa i-SNPAP izinzuzo phakathi nezikhathi eziphuthumayo futhi wacindezela inzuzo engcono kakhulu. Ngokungafani nomthetho owe-Florida, u-Desantis ugcizelela izimfuneko eziqinile zomsebenzi futhi ukunciphisa imizamo yokufinyelela. Lokhu kuholela ekuncipheliseni ukwehlukahluka okunga. Ngokwezinga lokuhlanganyela [FLT.[FLD:] Ukucwaninga i-Active (FRAC)[FFF1] [FF1], kusho njalo ngemithetho ephakeme ye-SN.

IMPI: Ukushintsha Kwezinkathi Zanamuhla Nokushintsha

I-Opacial Nutrition Program yabesifazane, Infants, nezingane (WIC) inikeza ukudla okunomsoco, imfundo enempilo, kanye nezikhuthazo zempilo. Abalawuli bathonya uWic ngokuxhasa i-mitholampilo ngokwezimali, basekela ukuthuthukiswa kwe-apply ukuze kuzuze inzuzo, futhi bagunyaza ukuxhasa izimali ukuze kugcinwe imitholampilo ivulekile phakathi nezinhlekelele. UMbusi weTexas Greg abbott, ngokwesibonelo, wandisa amathuba e-telth yokudlalela i-WiC clax phakathi nesifo esiwumqeda nesifo, wathuthukisa ukungenela kwezindawo zasemaphandleni. Nokho, iWiC ihlala iphansi ngaphansi kwe-utilize; cishe ingxenye kuphela yabantu abafanelekayo abahlanganyela ekuthengiseni imali emikhankanjeni enkulu, ikakhulukazi emiphakathini emikhulu yabantu abafuna ukufinyelela izinhlelo zomphakathi.

Ukudla Esikoleni Nezimiso Zokudla Kwabantwana

Ohulumeni bamisa izimiso zeSikolo seSikolo seLunch neSimiso sesikole se-Drama yeSikole, kuhlanganise nokuba kunikezwe ukudla kwasihle kubo bonke abafundi (ukungalingani) nokuthi yini ukuze bandise izinhlelo zokudla zasehlobo. Ababusi abambalwa, kuhlanganise noMbusi weColorado Jared Polis noMbusi waseMassachusetts Maura Mara Eakey, baye basekela ukudla kwezesikole okukhululekile, besebenzisa izimali zikahulumeni ukukhokha igebe lokukhokha lemali. Ngokungafani, bathi akwandisani ukuzuza komphakathi kushiya izingane eziningi emikhayeni ephansi ngaphandle kokungena ekungeneni phakathi kwehlobo. Imibiko ye-Robert Wood Johnson Foundation ithi ngemithetho yesikole yonke yezokudla ibone ukudla kuthuthukiswa futhi kunciphe ukudla phakathi kwezingane.

Izimiso Zokudla Eziphuthumayo Ezisungulwe Umbuso

Ngaphandle kwezinhlelo zikahulumeni, izifundazwe eziningi zisebenzisa izinyathelo zazo siqu zokusiza ngokudla okuphuthumayo, njengemali egciniwe yokudla, izinhlelo zokudla ezithengwa abalimi, namabhokisi okudla aphezulu. Ohulumeni basikisela ukuba lezi zimali zixhaswe ngemali ehambisana nemali esetshenziswa minyaka yonke. Ngokwesibonelo, uMbusi waseNew York uKathy Hochul wabela amabhange okudla ayizigidi ezingu-R350 nabaphathi bezinhlelo eziphuthumayo ngo-2023. Izinhlelo zikahulumeni ngokuvamile zigcwalisa izikhala ezingahlanganisiwe usizo lukahulumeni, njengokunikeza ukudla okungokwesiko okufanelekile noma ukunikeza izakhamuzi ezingabhaliwe ezingatheni ze-SAP. Isikali nomklamo zale zinhlelo zixhomeke kakhulu embonweni ye-gernarnator ne-fiscal.

Ukuhlola Izenzakalo Emzamweni Wokwehla Kwegazi

Ukuhlola imithombo ethile yezindaba kubonisa imiphumela esobala yabaholi abahlukahlukene esondelayo.

ECalifornia: Ukwanda Okusabisayo Ngaphansi Komphathi Wezindaba

Ngaphansi koMbusi uGavin Newsom, eCalifornia uphishekele uhlelo olunonya lokulwa nezigebengu. Izwe landisa i-SNAP i-Epapp information ehlanganisa abamukeli be-Someral Security Infige (SI) abazuzisi abaphezulu, izinzuzo ezikhudlwana, futhi lasungula uhlelo olunenzuzo ebanzi olubizwa ngokuthi i-California Food Diasease Program (CFAP) yabafuduki. I- Newsom futhi i-exeditedit P-ET isúnce futhi inikeza izimali ezimele emabhangezokudla. Ngenxa yalokho, izinga lokungalondeki kokudla kweCalifornia kwehla kusuka ku-10,5% ku-2019 kuya ku-20222, naphezu kwezindleko eziphakeme zokuphila. Indlela yombuso wokutshala izimali ibonisa indlela yokuzingathwa kwezimali, nakuba abagxeki bebanga lokusebenza nokusakaza nokusakaza okungalingani.

ETexas: Izinhlangano Ezizingelwayo Nosizo Oluhlosiwe

ETexas, uMbusi Greg Abbott uthathe izimo ezivimbela kakhulu ezimisweni zokondleka zikahulumeni. Isifundazwe silondoloza izimfuneko eziqinile zomsebenzi weSNAP, asinwebi ukulingana okungaphezu kwezinga eliphansi likahulumeni, futhi siye senqaba ukwandisa ukuxhaswa kwezwe ekusekeleni izimali zezindawo zokudla. Phakathi nalesi sifo, iTexas yathatha kancane ukuba i-P-EBT ne-Internet SNAP thenga. Ngenxa yalokho, i-Texan inezinga eliphezulu kakhulu lokudla ezweni, ngo-15% ngo-202222, ngokwenani lokuZandisa i-Melika. Nokho, umbusi uye wasekela izinhlelo zokuhlola izinhlelo ezinjenge-Texas Food Bank Network nezokudla zasehlobo, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zasemaphandleni. Ibhizinisi-ofcaldateatism i-ficatism i-fulism iyandadiumss iyabonakala kakhulu ngokwezibalo zezwe.

IMassachusetts: Isidlo Sesikole Sembulunga Yonke Njengesibonelo

UMbusi uMaura Reakey wasayinwa umthetho wokwenza ukudla kwasekuseni kwasesikoleni kanye nokudla kwasemini ngaphandle kwenkokhelo yabo bonke abafundi be-K-12, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi bahola kanjani, bakha isamba senani eliwumqedazwe. Izwe futhi litshala imali ekuthengeni ukudla kwasendaweni yakhona nakuhlelo lwepulazi kuya esikoleni. Lo mkhakha ophambili wempuphu wesikole uye wandisa ukuhlanganyela ekudleni kwesikole ngama-30%, futhi izindleko zokungabi namali ziyanda ngenxa yokukhokhela inzuzo kahulumeni. Amassachusettsetts manje aphakathi kwamazwe anamanani aphansi kakhulu okungalondeki kokudla. Izenzo zokwelapha izinhlelo ze-apencharateage zenza izinhlelo zezwe lonke ezinciphisa ukufinyelela nokuncithamba.

IFlorida: Izimfuneko Zomsebenzi Nokusetshenziswa Kwabantu

UMbusi uRon DeSAntis ugcizelele izimfuneko zomsebenzi ku-SNAP no-Harter Active for Nery Falies (TANF) abamukela umsebenzi, ephikisa ngokuthi usizo lukahulumeni kufanele luboshelwe emsebenzini. IFlorida futhi ifaka izivumelwano zokuphatha kwe-SNAP ezimbonini ezizimele, eziye zaholela emazingeni amaphutha aphakeme nasekwenzeni intuthuko. Umbuso awuzange wandise i-Medicaid noma wenezela izinhlelo zokudla ezinomklomelo. Ngenxa yalokho, izinga lokungalondeki kokudla kukahulumeni kuhlala ngaphezu kwesilinganiso sesizwe ngeminyaka engu-12,8%. Nakuba izimiso ze-gagunye i-S uhulumeni ziye zaholela emigomweni yakhe ebanzi, abagxeki abagxeki baphawula ukuthi izimfuneko ngokuvamile azikwazanga ukunciphisa ubumpofu ngenxa yokuthi abamukeli abaningi abasebenzayo kakade kodwa banesikhathi esiphansi noma iholo.

Izinselele Nezithiyo Zokwakha

Ngisho nababusi abafuna ukumelana nezigwegwe babhekene nezithiyo ezilinganisela ithonya lezimiso zabo. Ukuqonda lezi zinselele kubalulekile kubasekeli nabenzi bemithetho.

Ukuphikiswa Kwezombangazwe Nemithetho Enamandla

Ohulumeni bangahlongoza ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuphepha ukudla okunesifiso sokufuna ukulondeka, kodwa izishaya-mthetho zikahulumeni ezilawulwa amaqembu aphikisanayo − ngokuvame ukulawulwa yizithiyo ezixhasayo noma ukudlulisa imithetho ekhululayo. Ngokwesibonelo, isiphakamiso somphathi sokwandisa i-SNAP eligitura singanqotshwa yizishaya-mthetho eziphikisayo ezikhuthaza ukuncishwa. Ukuphendulwa kwemithetho ye-Bpartisan kubalulekile, kodwa ukubekwa kwe-particalism kuvame ukuvala intuthuko. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhomba kokuncintisana kwezwe kungadinga ukuvunyelwa kwemithetho, ukwenezela enye i-partimen.

Izimiso Ezingalawuleki Neziyalezo

Izinhlelo eziningi zokudla zibuswa ngemithetho kahulumeni nemithetho ye-USDA. AbaHluleli abakwazi ukushintsha i-SNAP ngokulandelana nge-sPAP bazuzise noma izinhlelo zokungalingani ngaphandle kokukhetha okulinganiselwe. Kumelwe basebenze ngaphakathi kwesimiso sikahulumeni esilinganisela intuthuko. Ngokwesibonelo, bazama inzuzo eyisisekelo yembulunga yonke noma usizo olusekelwe ngemali olusetshenziswa ekuvimbeleni iziteshi zokudla zikahulumeni. Ohulumeni kumelwe balinganisele isifiso sabo sokuvumelana nemithetho, benze izinguquko ezithile zenqubo ngaphandle kokuguqula okukhulu kukahulumeni.

Izingcindezi Zezomnotho Nezezinga Lokuphila Kwabantu

Ukulondeka kokudla kukahulumeni kuthonywa izimo zezomnotho, ukuvuleka kwezindlu, ukutholakala kwempilo, nokushintsha kwenani labantu. Isimiso sombusi singanqotshwa ukuntengantenga kwezomnotho, inhlekelele yemvelo, noma ukuthutheleka okukhulu kwezakhamuzi. Ngokwesibonelo, umbusi owandisa i-SNAP phakathi nokudlondlobala angase abone ukwehla lapho ukuswela umsebenzi kuphakama, ngaphandle kokuba izinzuzo zinyuke. Ngokufanayo, amadolobha asemaphandleni anemida yemida yezentengiselwano encintilibazweyo abhekene nezinselele zokudla okungaxazululeki ngokushesha. Ukuvikela ukudla kudinga indlela ebanzi yokuthatha isinyathelo sokuhamba, intuthuko yezomnotho, nempilo yomphakathi.

Izithiyo Zokwaziswa Nezithiyo Zokuhlola

Izifunda eziningi azinawo ukwaziswa kwangempela okuphathelene nokungalondeki kokudla, okwenza kube nzima ngababusi ukuba bangenele izisulu ngokuphumelelayo. Ukuhlola imiphumela yohlelo ngokuvamile kubambeka noma kuncitshiswa. Lokhu kuvimbela ukwenziwa kobufakazi obusekelwe ezimisweni. Umbusi ozinikele ekuhleleni ukwaziswa okunemininingwane angafaka imali ezimisweni zemininingwane ezihlangeneyo, kodwa imizamo enjalo idinga ukuxhaswa ngokuphambili nokubambisana okunganqamuki. Ngaphandle kokuhlola ngokuqinile, izinqubo ezithembisayo zingaqhubeka naphezu kwemiphumela elinganiselwe, kuyilapho izinhlelo eziphumelelayo zingase zingene ngaphansi kwesimiso.

Amathuba Okuqinisa Ukulondeka Kokudla KukaHulumeni

Naphezu kwalezi zinselele, ababusi banamathuba amaningana okuthuthukisa ukulondeka kokudla ngokwenza izinhlelo, ukubambisana nokuqasha.

Abashayeli Nezindiza Abahamba Ngendiza

Abalawuli bangafaka isicelo semishini yokulahla i-USDA ukuze bahlole izindlela ezintsha, njengakuyi-inthanethi yokuthengela i-SNAP, ukwenza lula ukuqiniseka, noma izinhlelo ezihlangene. Bangahlanganyela futhi emikhankasweni yokubonisa njenge-SNAP Blough and Training program. Ngokufuna ngokuqhubekayo lezi zindlela zobugqila, ababusi bangalungisa izinhlelo zifinyelele izidingo ezikhethekile zikahulumeni ngaphandle kokulinda umthetho kahulumeni. USDA isho ukuthi iphishekele ukuphishekelwa kwe-raisers[ okuthuthukisa ukufinyelela lapho kugcinwa uhlelo lobuqotho.

Ukwakha Imikhumbi Ehamba Ngesiphambano

Ohulumeni bangahlanganisa ubudlelwane bomphakathi bomuntu siqu obuhlanganisa amabhange okudla, abadayisi besitolo, izimiso zokunakekela impilo, nezinhlangano zokusiza abasweleyo. Lemifelandawo ingathuthukisa izinxulumani zokusakaza imishini, inikeze izisusa zokudla (njengezithelo nemifino), futhi ihlanganise ukulondeka kokudla ekuhlolweni kwempilo. Ngokwesibonelo, "Izinkonzo zezezokudla" zizuze imvume ezindaweni ezinjengePennsylvania, lapho uMbusi uJosh Shapiro andisa khona isikhwama seMidicaid sokudla okusongiwe kwezokwelapha.

Ukuzuza Ekwakheni Ubuchwepheshe

Ukuthuthukisa izimiso zosizo lokudla zikahulumeni zingathuthukisa ukusebenza kahle nolwazi lomsebenzi. Ohulumeni bangaxhasa ukushintshwa kwezimiso zokusebenza ezivumela i-intanethi ukuze bavumele izinhlelo ze-intanethi, imishini ethunyelwayo, kanye nesimo sangempela se-meters. Bangafaka futhi ebhandeni ukuze bandise i-internet producedrood yeminyango ye-SNAP yasemaphandleni. Ubuchwepheshe bunciphisa umthwalo wokuqondisa nowokungalinganisi, ukukhulula imithombo yempahla yosizo oluqondile. Izifunda-S eziningi, kuhlanganise ne-Washington ne-Minnesota, ziye zaphumelela ekuthuthukiseni izimiso zazo ze-SNPAP ngaphansi kobuholi obuholi be-gabserva.

Ukubeka Isilinganiso Esiphambili Sobuqotho Nesiko

Ohulumeni bangaqondisa izinhlangano zikahulumeni ukuba ziqondise izinhlobonhlobo zokuthola ukudla ngokwezinhlanga, ubuzwe, ukuma kwezwe, nokufuduka. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukunwetshwa kwemiphakathi yemibala, ukuqinisekisa izinkonzo zokuhumusha, nokususa izithiyo emikhayeni exubeneyo. Izinhlelo ezisiza ekudleni okufanelekile ngokwesiko − njengalezo ezixhaswa uhulumeni ezinikeza amabhizinisi okudla aneziphakamiso ze-BIPOC, i-odocuments percented quences. Umbusi ophakamisa ukuhleleka kwezimiso zesimiso nokusakaza izimali ukuze afinyelele emiphakathini egciniwe engokomlando.

Isiphetho

Izimiso ze-gubernatorial ziyisici esinqumayo ekuphumeleleni kwezinhlelo zokuphepha kokudla zikahulumeni. Kusukela ekuhleleni imali nasekuqondiseni izinhlelo ezihleliwe zobungane nobuchwepheshe, ababusi banemishini eminingi yokunciphisa indlala nokuthuthukisa ukudla. Ukuhlolwa kwe-California, i-Texas, iMassachusetts, neFlorida kubonisa ukuthi ukuhola okuqhubekayo kungaveza intuthuko engokoqobo, kuyilapho ukulinganisela noma ukuthatha izimali ezingathandeki kungasheshi ukudla. Nokho, ababusi kumelwe bahambe ngezombangazwe, ngokwezomnotho, nangokwezisekelo ezilinganiselayo izenzo ezilandelana. Amasu alimaza kakhulu ahlanganisa ukuhlanganisa i-propati ye-conibibial ezwe, izinhlangano zeqembu, izivumelwano zezokuhlangana, kanye nesibopho sokusebenza kwe-data ezindaweni eziphambili. Njengoba ukungahleleki njengokuyinseleleka kwesigaba sesizwe, indima yesifunda sesifundazwe. Izikhulu zikahulumeni ezibusa izikhulu zezomthetho eziphethe izikhulu zezokudla ezibusayo zonke zezentengosi.