Umqondo wenqubo efanele uyisisekelo sezimiso zomthetho zanamuhla, uqinisekisa ukuthi abantu bathola impatho elungile phambi kwesifundazwe noma izibopho zabo zithatha izenzo ezithinta amalungelo abo ayisisekelo. Ngomongo wokuxoshwa, inqubo efanele isebenza njengesivikelo esibucayi, ukuvikela abaqashi emakhaya abo, noma ukususwa okungekho emthethweni. Uma umnikazi ufuna ukukhipha isivikelo esiqinile, isivikelo esinikezwa ngenqubo efanele (*) ukuhlanganisa nesaziso esifanele, ithuba lokuzwakala, kanye nomenzi wesinqumo ongathathi hlangothi olufanele, noma ukususwa ngokulunga noma ukuthathwa ngokushelelayo, umuntu ohlulwa izindlu. Lesi sihloko sihlola indima efanelekile yokukhishwa kwendlu, imingcele ehlangene nemibandela ehlangeneyo, izinselele ezihambisana nokusetshenziswa kwayo ngokugcwele, nokulingana ngokulunga.

Isisekelo Senqubo Efanele

Inqubo elindelekile ayiwona umthetho owodwa kodwa inqwaba yeziqinisekiso ezingokomthetho ezisuswe emakhulwini amaningi eminyaka emasikweni angokomthetho. E-United States, iziNguqulo zesihlanu nezeshumi nane kuMthetho-sisekelo zinqabela uhulumeni ngokuqondile ukuncisha noma ubani "ukuphila, inkululeko, noma impahla, ngaphandle kwenqubo efanelekile yomthetho. ” Nakuba ukuxoshwa kuqalwa kusungulwa abanikazi bomthetho, ukuhileleka kwezinkantolo zombuso kanye nokugcinwa komthetho kusho ukuthi amandla kahulumeni ahlangene ekugcineni asetshenziselwa ukususa isigaba se-10. Njengomphumela, isimiso somthetho senqubo efanelekile sisebenza ekuxoxisweni, sidinga ukuba umbuso uqinisekise izinqubo ezilungile ngaphambi kokususwa.

Inqubo elindelekile

Inqubo efanelekile ivame ukuhlukaniswa ngezigaba ezimbili. iprojectal project igxila ezindleleni nasezinyathelweni okumelwe zilandelwe (njengesaziso, ukuzwa, nokunxusa. ] Sustanstberg. [] ihlola ukuthi umthetho ngokwawo unengqondo futhi awukho ongenakuzilawula. Ezenzweni ezifanele, inqubo ebekwayo ithatha isigaba esiphakathi. Inkantolo ephakeme [FLT] Goldberg v. [[FLT] [FLT:]] [1970]]) ukholelwa ukuthi abamukele inhlalakahle ibinganikezwa inzuzo yabo inganqanyulwa, imisa isimiso esibanzi esingenakusikwenezekwe ngaphandle kwenzuzo engcono. Nakuba i-US Coult: "FLT] Isivikelo, ikakhulukazi ingakhuselwa, futhi ingahlulwa incikelelwa, ukulimala okubalulekile, ikakhulukazi, ukulimala okubalulekile, ukukhintsha, ukulahlekelwa, ukulimala, ukulimala, ikakhulukazi, ukulahlekelwa, ukulahlekelwa kwezingozi

Inqubo Efanele Ekuqhubekeni Kohambo

Uma umnini-ndlu efaka udaba lokuxoshwa, inqubo efanele ifuna ukuba lowo osebenzayo athole isaziso esinengqondo ngesenzo nethuba langempela lokuncintisana naso. Lokhu kuvame ukuhlanganisa izigaba ezimbalwa eziyinhloko:

  • [[NT.0] Isaziso se-WRItten: Umnini-ndlu kumele anikeze isaziso esilotshiwe esisho isizathu sokuxoshwa kwendlu ("njengenhlawulo yokukhokha, ukukhokha intela, noma ukungakhokhi)) futhi, emagunyeni amaningi, inkathi yekhambi noma usuku okumelwe i-tenat ishiyeke ngalo.
  • nokusebenza kokubiza: Umninindawo ukhala ngecala, futhi umfaki unikezwa amamemo nekhophi yokukhononda. Inkonzo kumelwe ihambisane nemithetho engokomthetho (umz., ukuthunyelwa komuntu siqu, ukuthunyelwa ezikhungweni, noma iposi) ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umnini-partnerton uyazi ngecala.
  • I-Opportunit ukuphendula:[ i-Tenunt inesikhathi esimisiwe sokufaka impendulo noma ukuvela enkantolo, iphakamisa isivikelo njengesaziso esingafanele, impindiselo, izimo ezingahlaliyo, noma ubandlululo.
  • Uzwa nokuqulwa kwecala: Umahluleli noma imantshi uzwa ubufakazi nhlangothi zombili futhi ukhipha umthetho. Uma umninindlu ekhona, inkantolo ikhipha isahlulelo sokuthatha isikhundla futhi ikhiphe isigwebo sokuxoshwa, umthetho osebenza ngemva kwesikhathi esithile.

Lezi zinyathelo zingahluka ngokwezwe nendawo, kodwa izisekelo ezingaphakathi ``amanotice', izindlebe, isithathi--alukho kumhlaba wonke. Ukungabikho kwanoma isiphi salezi zingabangela ukuxoshwa kwemali futhi zephule ilungelo le-injini le-injini.

Phawula Izimfuneko Nenjongo Yazo

Qaphela isivikelo sokuqala nesiyisisekelo kakhulu. Kumelwe kucace ngokwanele ukuba kwazise umuntu onengqondo ukuthi yini eshiwoyo nokuthi yini okumelwe yenziwe ukugwema ukuxoshwa. Emazweni amaningi, isaziso kumelwe sihlanganise isilinganiso sentela yokuqasha intela, ukukhokha usuku kudingekile, nemiphumela yokuhluleka ukukhokha. Ukujezisa, isaziso kumelwe sisho ukujezisa futhi sinikeze umuntu onengqondo ithuba lokuyilungisa (ngokuvamile okubizwa ngokuthi "indlela yokwelapha"). Ngaphandle kwesaziso esifanele, abaqashi bangalahlekelwa amakhaya abo ngephutha ngisho noma benezivikelo ezisemthethweni. Izinkantolo zichitha isaziso lapho isaziso singalungile, futhi uma umninindlu ebekwe endaweni engabonakali noma esetshenziswayo.

Umphumela Wenqubo Efanele Yamalungelo

Lapho lezi sivikelo zihlonishwa, abaqashi badlalela endaweni ethile; lapho bebuthakathaka noma bedluliswa, abaqashi baba sengozini yokuxhashazwa.

  • Ukususwa ngokungafanele: inqubo efanele yenza abaqashi babeke inselele yokuxoshwa okusekelwe ekutheni kunezisusa ezingafanele, noma ukuhluleka kobuchwepheshe endabeni yomninindlu. Umqashi okhokhe kahle intela anganikeza ubufakazi futhi agweme ukususwa.
  • Ukuvikela ekuphindiseleni: Umthetho wenqabela ukuxoshwa okuyenziwa ekuphindiseleni abaqashi abafuna amalungelo angokomthetho − njengokukhononda ngezimo ezingalondekile, ukuhlela inyunyana yesakhiwo, noma ukubika ukwephulwa kwemithetho yokwakha. Inqubo inikeza abaqashi indawo yokuzivikela ukuba baphakamise lezizikhundla.
  • [[NT.0] Access kumakhambi angokomthetho: Abasebenzi bangacela izindleko zemali ngokuxoshwa okungalungile, iziyalo zokunqanda izivalo ezingekho emthethweni, nenkokhelo yommeli lapho imithetho ivumela khona. Ngaphandle kokuzivikela kwemicu, la makhambi ahlala eqanjiwe.
  • Incazelo yokuzinza kwezindlu: ukuhlola kubonisa ukuthi abaqashi abathola isaziso esanele nokumeleka cishe abanakuxoshwa. Ukugcina imikhaya emakhaya abo kulondoloza izibopho zomphakathi, imfundo yezingane, nokuqhubeka kwemisebenzi.

Inqubo Efanele Njengokwehluleka Ukumelana Nokudla Okungavamile

Abanye abanikazi bezindawo bazama ukudlula izinqubo ezingokomthetho zokuxoshwa ngokufaka kulokhu okubizwa ngokuthi "zisiza" izihluthulelo zokuxoshwa, ukuvala izinto ezisebenzayo, noma ukususa impahla yabakhiqizi. Umthetho wenqubo ofaneleyo uyazenqabela lezizenzo. Ezizweni eziningi, umnini-lo ndlu kumelwe athole uhlelo lwenkantolo ngaphambi kokuxosha umthuthi; kungenjalo, ukususwa akuvunyelwe ngokomthetho. Abathunjwa ababhekana nokuxoshwa kosizo bangacela impoqo futhi balungise impahla. Usongo lwemiphumela enjalo engokomthetho lusebenza njengesivikelo, kuqinise ukubaluleka kokulandela imihume efanelekile.

Izinselele Nokulinganiselwa Ekuqapheleni Inqubo Efanele

Naphezu kwamandla okucabanga enqubo yokuvikela, ngokuvamile ukusetshenziswa kwezakhiwo eziningi kusuke kulinganiselwe.

Ukuntuleka Kokumelelwa Ngokomthetho

Ekuxoshweni, iningi labaninindawo limelelwa abameli, kuyilapho iningi labaqashi libonakala lingenaseluleko. Lokhu kungalingani kululaza kakhulu ukulunga okunikezwa ngokufanelekile. Abangameli abangahluleka ukubhala impendulo, ukuphuthelwa izinsuku zenkantolo, noma abangazi ukuthi bangabunikeza kanjani ubufakazi bokuhlukunyezwa komninindlu noma ukungahlangani. Amanye amaqembu agunyaza "ilungelo lemithetho", ukunikeza abaqashi ezicabeni eziphoqelelwe ukuba bangenele ngokukhululekile. Izifundo zasekuqaleni ezivela emadolobheni afana neNew York neSan Francisco zibonisa ukuthi abaqashi basengozini enkulu yokugwema ukuxoshwa kwezindawo futhi bathole imiphumela emihle.

Izindleko Nesikhathi

Ngisho nangesaziso, izindleko zokuthatha isikhathi sokusebenza, ukuthola ukunakekelwa kwabantwana, nokuya enkantolo zingavimbela abaqashi abathola imali encane. Icala lokuhlinza ngokuvamile lihamba ngokushesha phakathi namasonto ambalwa ukuqoqa imibhalo noma ukufuna usizo. Izindleko zemali zokulahlekelwa umsebenzi ngenxa yokubonakala kwenkantolo zingaphoqelela izimali eziqinile ekuntengantengeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimali zokukhokha izivumelwano ezingokomthetho noma izibopho zokudlulisa amacala zingafinyelelwa. Lezi zithiya zinkinga eziwusizo zingaba yize labo abangakwazi ukukwazi ukuwenza.

Ukuyinkimbinkimbi Komthetho Nokuntuleka Kolwazi

Umthetho we-Londer-thenant uwumsebenzi oyinkimbinkimbi wemithetho kahulumeni, imithetho yendawo, nezono. Umqashi angase angazi ukuthi umnini-fekitha kumelwe anikeze isitifiketi sokuhlala, ukulungisa, noma ukulandela izilinganiso ezithile zesikhathi sokuxoshwa. Ngisho nabaqashi abaqotho bangawalahla ngengozi amalungelo esinqumo ngaphandle kokuqonda imiphumela yaso, noma ngokuhluleka ukuphakamisa izikhundla zokuzivikela. Izinkantolo eziningi manje zinikeza izikhungo zokuzisiza noma izakhiwo ze-ingosiyubhusayithi, kodwa lezi ngcebo azikwazi ukutholakala njalo kulabo abanolwazi olulinganiselwe, ulimi, noma ukukhubazeka.

Izindlela Zokuhweba Ezilahliwe Nezingozi Zazo

Emzamweni wokususa izigwegwe zenkantolo futhi isheshisa ukuxoshwa, eminye imibuso iye yamukela izinqubo zokuxoshwa kwezindawo ezicindezelayo zesikhathi nokuthola imingcele. Nakuba impumelelo iwumsebenzi ofanele, izinqubo ezifushanisiwe ngokweqile zinganyathela inqubo efanele. Ngokwesibonelo, eminye imibuso ivumela ukuxoshwa kwezindawo "zokwehlazo" okukhishwe ngezinsuku zokwahlulela, inikeza abaqashi cishe isikhathi sokudlulisa noma sokuthatha indawo ethile. Uma abanikazi besebenzisa izimiso ze-electal ezihlela ukuzwa ngokuzenzakalela, abaqashi bangathola izazi nge-imeyili abavamile ukuhlola, noma ekhelini elingeyona indawo yokuqasha. Lezi ziphumele ezahlulelweni ezingokomthetho ezimelene nabaqashi abangasazingasazi ngeze icala.

Ukulinganisela Inqubo Efanele Nezithakazelo Zokunakekela Izindlu

Abanikazi bezindawo futhi banezithakazelo ezingokomthetho ekutholeni impahla yabo lapho abaqashi bephula imithetho yokuqashisa. Ukulibala okubangelwa inqubo enkulu efanelekile kungandisa ukungaqiniseki futhi kubangele ubunzima obungokwezimali kubaphathi bempahla, ikakhulukazi abanikazi bempahla abancike emalini encane ukuze bakhokhe izikweletu futhi banakekele. Inselele yabenzi bomthetho ukuklama izimiso zokususa izinto ezihlobanayo ezihlobana nhlangothi zombili: ukunikeza abaqashi isikhathi esanele nethuba lokuthola isivikelo, kuyilapho bengakhihlali phakade okuvumela abaqashi abakhokhi bokholo ukuba bahlale ngaphandle kokukhokha intela.

Izindlela Zokusungula Imikhiqizo

Amanye ama-odara asungule izinhlelo zokulungisa imishado, ukuqasha amapulani okukhokhela, nokuxosha izinyathelo zokuxosha ezivumela abanikazi nabaqashi ukuba baxazulule izingxabano ngaphandle kokuziphikisa okuphelele. Lezi zinqumo ngokuvamile zilondoloza inqubo efanele ngokuqinisekisa ukuthi bobabili abahlukene, kuyilapho kuncishiswa izinhlu zenkantolo. Ngokwesibonelo, kwamanye amadolobha, umnini-lo ndlu kumelwe azame ukukhipha imvume ngaphambi kokuxoshwa kwentela. Izinhlelo ezinjalo zingafeza izithakazelo zenqubo efanele ngokulungiselela ukuhlelwa kwe-project, ukuhlelwa ngokungakhethi, kodwa kumelwe ziklanywe ukugwema ukuphoqelelwa nokuqinisekisa ukuba abaqashi baqonde amalungelo abo.

Imizamo Yenguquko Nekusasa Lenqubo Efanele Ekudalweni

Kule minyaka eyishumi edlule, ukuqaphela igebe elifanele lokuxoshwa kuye kwakhula, okwaholela ezimisweni eziningana ezintsha:

  • Ilungelo elingavumelaniyo lokunikeza iseluleko: Amadolobha nezifundazwe ziya zinyusa ukusekela okungokomthetho kwabaqashi abathola imali encane. IDolobha laseNew York, iSan Francisco, iNewark, futhi abanye baye bamisa imithetho enjalo, futhi izinhlelo zezwe lonke zicatshangelwa eCalifornia, Washington, naseMinnesota.
  • AmaNotice aguqulayo:[ Abameleli basunduzela izimemezelo ezilula, ezihunyushelwe ezilimini eziningi, futhi zithunyelwe ngezindlela eziningi (iposi, i-imeyili, umbhalo). Ezinye izinkantolo manje zidinga izaziso ukuze zihlanganise iziyalezo zolimi olucacile nokwaziswa ngosizo lomthetho.
  • Ukubekwa uphawu nokukhishwa kwecala: Ngisho noma icala lixoshwa noma iwina, umlando wasobala wesigqebhezana sokuxoshwa ungakwenza kube nzima ukuqasha elinye ikhaya. Imithetho evala noma ikhiphe amarekhodi ngokuzenzekelayo ngemva kwesikhathi esimisiwe isiza ukunciphisa lomphumela ngaphandle kokwenza i-oda yelungelo kuhele.
  • Ukufinyelela kwezesayensi yezokusebenza: i-Online arcoges yebhukwana, ukuvela kwenkantolo ekude, kanye nezaziso ezizenzekelayo kunganciphisa ukuzwa okulahlekileyo kanye nezinqubo ezilula (kodwa kumelwe kuklanywe nge-equcty ye-minubers ukuze abaqashi abangenakho ukufinyelela noma ukufunda izinombolo bangakhishwa.

Lezinguquko kumelwe zihlolwe ngokucophelela ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi aziyilulazi inqubo efanele. Ngokwesibonelo, nakuba ukuzwa okukude kungalondoloza isikhathi sokuhamba, kunganciphisa izinga lokumelelwa nekhono lokunikeza ubufakazi obungokoqobo. Indlela elungile ihlanganisa iziqinisekiso zokuziqinisa ngokusekela okungokoqobo .

Isiphetho

Inqubo efanelekile ayiyona nje inqubo engokomthetho eqinisekisa ukususwa kwesinqumo ngokulunga, ngokubonana, nangokulandisa. Abaqashi, inqubo efanele banikeza ithuba lokuvikelwa, lokuvikela ukususwa ngokungafanele, nokuvikela ukuqina kwamakhaya abo. Abanikazi, banikeza indlela eqinisekile engokomthetho eqinisekisa ukufaneleka kwesinqumo sokuxoshwa. Uma inqubo ilula ibekwa phambili, ngokungeniswa kwezimiso, ukuswela imingcele, noma imingcele yokungena ngo-(isimiso sezindlu sibhekene), futhi ishiyeka ngokungemthetho, ngokuvamile ibangela ukususwa okungalungile nokungalingani. Izinguquko eziqhubekayo ezihlanganisa ukuvikelwa kwesinqumo nokusekela izinkonzo nokunikezwa kwemisebenzi phambili, kodwa zidinga isibopho ezinkantolo, izibophongolo, nezinhlangano ezihloniphekile. Inqubo engokomthetho ayibonisi isibopho somphakathi wonke isibopho somthetho; ukufaneleka nje kuphela.