Isisindo Esiqinile SeZwi Lomholi: Indlela Umongameli Olawulayo Athonya Ngayo Ubuhlobo Bembulunga Yonke

Isifungo sobumongameli asiwona nje umkhosi wemikhosi. Siyisibopho somphakathi, esingokomthetho nesingokokuziphatha esilawula igunya lomholi ezimisweni eziyisisekelo zesizwe. Nakuba izilaleli zawo eziyinhloko zingabantu basekhaya — izakhamuzi nezinhlangano zezwe — ukuhlanganisa kwazo zidlulela ngalé kwemingcele. Enkundleni yezingxoxo zezizwe zonke, isifungo sisebenza njengesibonakaliso esiyisisekelo sezinhloso zomholi, ukuthembeka, nokunamathela emithethweni engokomthetho. Lesi sihloko sihlola indlela umongameli athonya ngayo izifungo nemifelandawo yonke, ukudweba kwemibono, ukuhlaziywa, nokuhlolwa kwangempela kwezwe ukuze kubonise ukuthi amazwi akhulunywa ngosuku lokunikezelwa kwezwe lonke angathwala izinga leminyaka eminingi yenkundla yenkundla yezwe.

Isihibe Njengophawu Oluyi - Diplomatic: Umkhuba Nomkhuba

Izazi zezokuhlangana kwezizwe ngezizwe zivame ukuhlaziya indlela uhulumeni osebenza ngayo nge-lens yenkolelo ephawulayo. Uphawu luyisenzo noma amazwi aklanyelwe ukudlulisela ukwaziswa ngezinhloso zomholi noma amakhono. Isifungo sikamongameli siwuphawu olunamandla kakhulu ngoba kokubili siwumthetho womphakathi futhi sibopha. Uma umholi efunga ukusekela umthetho - sisekelo — noma ukuvikela ubukhosi, izindinganiso, noma abantu besizwe — balalele ngokucophelela. Isithembiso sinikeza ukulindela okuyisisekelo ukuthi lowo mholi uyosondela kanjani ezivumelwaneni, izivumelwano, nomthetho wezizwe zonke.

Ukubona Nokuthembana Ezingxoxweni Zamazwe Ngamazwe

Umholi obhekwa njengozinikele esifungweni sakhe uzuza inzuzo eyigugu ekukhulumeni: ukuthembeka. Uma amazwi omholi evumelana nezenzo zawo ezilandelayo, ukuthembana ayakhula. Lokhu kudinga ukuzwana, kukhuthaza ukuvumelana nezivumelwano, futhi kuqinisa izivumelwano. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, umholi obonakala ekhaphela umoya wesifungo sabo — ngokwesibonelo, ngokungazinaki izinhlolo zomthetho ezisemithethweni yangaphandle — angathola ukuthi amanye amazwe ayazisola ngokusebenzelana noma ukuhlanganyela.

Amandla Athambile Nemisebenzi Yama - Ceremonie

Ngaphandle kokuqukethe okungokoqobo, umkhosi wesifungo ngokwawo uwumsebenzi oveza ukuma kwesizwe nezindinganiso. Umkhosi ohloniphekile, ovulwe ngesandla esisekelwe embhalweni ongcwele noma kumthetho-sisekelo ungabangela ukuthakazelelwa nokuhlonipha, uthuthukise amandla athambile esizwe. Ngokwesibonelo, ukudluliselwa ngokuthula kwamandla ngemva kokulwa nokhetho — olugcizelelwa isifungo sikamongameli omusha — uthumela isigijimi esinamandla sokuzinza kwabaxhasi nabasizi ngokufanayo. Ngokungafani, impambano, imfihlo, noma isifungo esiphikiswayo singalimaza idumela lesizwe futhi sinciphise ukuma kwaso.

Ukuhlaziya Okuqhathanisayo: Indlela Ama - oath Ahlukene Abukeka Ngayo

Izifungo zomongameli ziyahlukahluka kakhulu, zibonisa indlela yokuphila yezombangazwe nemikhuba engokomthetho - sisekelo yezwe ngalinye.

E - United States: “Umthetho - sisekelo uvikela, uvikele, futhi uvikele”

Isifungo sobumongameli wase-U.S., njengoba kushiwo eSiphakamisweni II soMthetho-sisekelo, sifingqa lokhu: “Lokhu kugcizelela isibopho kuMthetho - sisekelo ngaphezu kwakho konke okunye — hhayi eqenjini, noma emfunweni) ukuthi ngiyolisebenzisa ngokwethembeka iHhovisi likaMongameli waseUnited States, futhi ngizosebenzisa ikhono lami elingcono kakhulu, ngilondoloze, ngivikele futhi ngivikele uMthetho - sisekelo waseUnited States.” Lokhu kugcizelela isibopho kumongameli ngaphezu kwakho konke — hhayi eqenjini, emfundisweni, noma enzuzo yomuntu siqu. Lesivumelwano sesivumelwano sezwe esiphakeme, siqinisekisa izibopho zamazwe angaphandle ukuthi isimiso somthetho - ngokomthetho, kuhlanganise nezibophophophophophozo zemibuso ehlangene. Isivumelwano esiwumthetho wezizwe zonke, naphezu kwesivumelwano esiwumthetho wezwe eliwumthetho wenyusiwe, i - United States iyavuma ukuthi izivumelwano sokuvikela izivumelwano sombuso wezwe lonke.

IFrance: “Mhloniphe futhi Uqinisekise Inhlonipho NgoMthetho - sisekelo”

Isifungo sobumongameli waseFrance, esasungulwa eMthethweni woMthetho-sisekelo wesihlanu weRepublic, siningiliziwe. Umongameli ufunga ukuthi “ukuhlonipha futhi uqinisekisa inhlonipho ngoMthetho-sisekelo” futhi“ ulungise ukuzimela kwesizwe nokwethembeka kwendawo yaso.” Lolulimi lugcizelela ukuzimisela kweFrance ubukhosi nendima yayo njengesekela lezinhlangano zezinhlangano eziningi. Emashumini amaningi eminyaka, omongameli baseFrance baye basebenzisa isifungo sokusekela inkambiso yabo yezizwe zangaphandle emqondweni wezwe elinamandla, ozimele — indlela ngezinye izikhathi ebeka iFrance ephikisana no-U. S. UbuProbastialism. Isifungo sihlanganisa nesithembiso sokufeza “inkonzo yobunye abantu baseFrance, esithinta ukusiza kwezizwe nezimiso zabantu. Ngokugcizelela ukuvikela ukuthembeka kwesizwe, ukumelana nanoma yisiphi isiphi izivumelwano sobuzwe noma isiphi izivumelwano sokumelana nayo.

ERussia: “Umbuso, Ukulondeka, nobuqotho”

Isifungo sobumongameli waseRussia sigxila “ebukhazikhazini, ekulondekeni, nasebuqothweni bezwe.” Umongameli ufunga ukuthi “uvikela amalungelo nenkululeko yomuntu nesakhamuzi,” kodwa ukugcizelela okuyinhloko kusezweni ngokwalo. Lamazwi abonisa isiko lobuProtesta kanye nesikhulu esinamandla. Ebuhlotsheni bomhlaba wonke, izimpawu zokuthi umsebenzi oyinhloko womholi waseRussia ukusekela ubukhosi bezwe futhi umela ukungenela kwezwe. Phakathi nenkathi yePtin, isifungo siye sasetshenziswa ukuthethelela izenzo ezifana nokuthathelwa u-Crimea — ezinikezwa njengokuzivikela kombuso waseRussia nolwembutho lwesizwe oluvikela izwe laseRussia. Ngakho ohulumeni bakwamanye amazwe baqonda ukuthi ukubusa kwesizwe kuyomisa ubukhosi besizwe ngaphezu kwazo zonke ezinye, ngokuvamile ukusongela ukuhlasela kwezizwe ngenkathi yokusongela ubukhosi. I-Kremslin ishoshoshoshod ngokomthetho wangaphandle kwemithetho engokomthetho womthetho womthetho womthetho womthetho wangaphandle.

ENingizimu Afrika: “Hlakulela Umthetho - sisekelo Futhi Ukhuthaze Intando Yeningi”

Isifungo sobumongameli waseNingizimu Afrika, esamukelwa ngemva kobandlululo, sihlobene sobala nezindinganiso zentando yeningi namalungelo abantu. Umongameli ufunga ukuthi “uyakulawula futhi avikele uMthetho-sisekelo” futhi“ aqinisekise ukuthi iRepublic ibuswa ngokuvumelana noMthetho-sisekelo nomthetho.” Lesi sivumelwano simemezela isimiso samazwe angaphandle eNingizimu Afrika, ngokuvamile esigcizelela ukulawulwa kwemithetho yobuzwe, amalungelo abantu, kanye nenhlangano yenkululeko emhlabeni wonke. Ngokwesibonelo, i-South Africa inquma ukujoyina i-BRICSmansion kanye nemithetho yayo eMbusweni we-International Criminational Courtles ivumelana nokungenela kwempi yokulwa ne-mphicono — okuyizindinganiso ezisekelwa yizifungo. Nokho, abagxeki abaphikisayo baphikisa ukuthi ukonakala nenqubo ewunyakaza impoqolo.

EBrazil: “Hlaziyani iMithetho - sisekelo, iMithetho, noMthetho weDemocratic Order”

Isifungo sobumongameli waseBrazil sifuna ukuba umongameli “agcine uMthetho-sisekelo we-Federal, avumelane nemithetho, futhi aqinisekise ukuhlalisana ngokuthula kwezakhamuzi.” Ezweni elinomlando wokungalawuleki kwentando yeningi, lesi sifungo siyisivikelo sokumelana nobushiqela. Abantu abakhomba uhulumeni baqaphele eduze ukuthi ababusi abasha basekela izimiso zentando yeningi abafunga ukuvikela. Ngokwesibonelo, ngemva kokuba umongameli uJair Bolsonah, ohulumeni bakwamanye amazwe bezwakalisa ukuthi ukuziphatha kwakhe kwaphikisana nesinqumo sakhe. Lokhu kuncishwa kwethemba kwathinta ikhono leBrazil lokuhola eMerco nasenhlangano yesifundazwe yaseMelika enjengezentengiselwayo.

Ukuhlola Izenzakalo: I - oath Esebenza Enkathini Yokwehla Kwezwe

Ukuze siqonde ukuthi isifungo somongameli sithinta izwe ngempela kangakanani, kuwusizo ukuhlola izenzakalo ezithile zezombusazwe lapho lesi sifungo saba nengxenye khona — ngezinye izikhathi esasiba nendima enhle, ngezinye izikhathi eyayingakhi.

IOath neNato Crestable yaseU.S.

I-NATO’s Article 5, ethi ukuhlaselwa kwelungu elilodwa kuwukuhlaselwa kwalo lonke, kuxhomeke kakhulu ekuthembekeni komholi welungu ngalinye. I-United States, isifungo sikamongameli sokuvikela uMthetho-sisekelo — futhi ngokuhlanganisa izivumelwano ezagunyazwa ngaphansi kwalo — iyinsika eyinhloko yalokhu kuphathiswa. Lapho uMongameli uJoe Biden ethatha isikhundla ngo-2021, ikheli lakhe lokumisa wabhekisela ngokucacile ukubaluleka kwesifungo: “Ngisanda kuthatha isifungo esingcwele ngasinye salaba baphathi bangamabharriot — isifungo sokuqala sikaGeorge Washington.” Lokhu kwashukumisa uphawu lokubuyela ezindaweni eziningi zobupolishini nasemifelaneni ngemva kweminyaka emine yezivumelwano zokuhweba. Izingxube zamazwe angaphandle zaphawula ukuthi izifungo ze-Biden zigcizelela ukulondeka. Izivumelwano ze-US. Izivumelwano ze-European zasiza izivumelwano ze-U.

Izindawo Ezibonakalayo Ezifinyelela Emgodini Wesihlwathi Nesidiplomatic

Uma umholi ebhekwa njengowephula isifungo, imiphumela yomhlaba wonke ingashesha. Ngo-2014, uMongameli wase-Ukraine uViktor Yanukovch wabaleka ezweni ngemva kokuphikisa okukhulu kwesinqumo sakhe sokwenqaba isivumelwano se-EU sokusekela ukusondelana neRussia. Abantu abaningi base-Ukraine bakholelwa ukuthi uYanukovych wayeye walahla isifungo sakhe sokuvikela umthetho-sisekelo kanye nezithakazelo zikazwe. Umphakathi wezizwe zonke ulahla izenzo zakhe, futhi ukuthathelwa phambili kweRussia iCrimea kwathethelelwa ngokwengxenye ngokuphawula “isimo esingunxantathu” sikaYanukovich. Lokhu kubonisa indlela umholi obonakala ehluleka ukusekela isifungo.

Isigqi Esiwukuqashelwa Kwabantu

Emazweni lapho umongameli ephikiswana khona, isenzo sokufunga singanquma ukuqashelwa kwezombangazwe. Phakathi nobunzima bezombangazwe bama-2019, uJuan Guaidó, umongameli we-National Assembly, wazimemezela njengomongameli we-interim futhi wafunga phambi kwesixuku eCaracas. Abaxhasi bakhe baphikisa ngokuthi isifungo sakhe sasisebenza ngokomthetho esigunyazwe uNicolás Maduro. Lesi sibonelo sibonisa indlela yokuqamba uNicolaus ngokukhohlisa kwe-Maduro. Izwe neningi lamanye amazwe laziqaphela kahle ukuthi uGuaidó ngenxa nje yokuthi lasibheka njengesifungo sakhe esihambisana nomthetho womthetho we-mthetho, kuyilapho bebheka isifungo sikaMaturo njengesingekho emthethweni. Lesi sibonelo sibonisa indlela yokufungisana kanye nomo lwesifungo kungashintsha ngokushesha ngayo, ohulumeni abamukelayo njengezazi ezingokomthetho ezingokomthetho emhlabeni wonke.

Isivumelwano Se - oath Nesivumelwano: Isivumelwano Somthetho - sisekelo

Izazi zomthetho wezizwe zonke ziye zaphawula ukuvumelana phakathi kwezifungo ezibotshelelwe ngomthetho-sisekelo kanye nenhlonipho kahulumeni ngezivumelwano. Emazweni lapho umthetho-sisekelo unikeza khona izivumelwano zomthetho wasekhaya (njenge-United States kanye nezizwe eziningi zaseYurophu), izifungo zomongameli zokusekela umthetho zihlanganisa isithembiso sokuhlonipha izibopho zomhlaba wonke. Lokhu kunemiphumela esebenzayo: umongameli osayina isivumelwano wazi ukuthi ukuhluleka ukuyisebenzisa kungabonwa njengokuphula umthetho wesifungo. Kwezinye izimo, izifungo ziye zanxusa umongameli ukuba abophe izivumelwano zesivumelwano. Ngokwesibonelo, iNkantolo yeSivumelo somthetho waseJalimane usebenzise isifungo sokuphikisa ukuthi izivumelwano ze-European Union kumelwe zihloniswe. Nakuba isimiso sobumongameli sesimiso somthetho singasebenzi: izifungo ezisekela umthetho wezizwe zonke.

Isifungo Njengophawu Lokushintsha Noma Ukuzitika

Umthetho ngamunye wokumiswa komongameli uletha ushintsho — ngezinye izikhathi olucashile, olumangalisayo — ngenqubo yangaphandle. Isifungo singenye yezikhombo zokuqala zomphakathi zaleso sigaba. Umholi wezwe lonke onezela isithembiso sakhe siqu (umz., “Ngithembisa ukubeka iMelika kuqala”) umemezela ukwephulwa kwemithetho engaphambili. Ngokuphambene nalokho, umholi onamathela ngokuqinile ezimpawini zomthetho wemithetho yemithetho yemithetho ye-odantili yenzeka. Umphakathi wezizwe zonke uzibuka ngokuseduze. Ngokwesibonelo, ngemva kokhetho lwamashumi amabini amahlanu, uMongameli uJavier Milleh — isifungo esingokwesiko — salandelwa inkulumo enqabayo yonke imvume, edala ukungezwana komthetho wezwe lonke. Isifungo ngokwaso asizange sibangele ukuxabana komthetho wezwe lonke.

Izinselele Nokugxeka: Lapho Isifuba Siphelelwa Amandla Aso

Yebo, isifungo asisona isiqinisekiso sokuzinza kwemikhakha. Abagxeki baveza ukuthi izifungo zingaba yinkulumo engenanjongo, ikakhulukazi emazweni lapho umthetho-sisekelo uvame ukwephulwa noma ukulungiswa khona ukuze uvumelane nezithakazelo zomholi. Kweminye imibuso yempoqo, isifungo siwumkhuba owenzelwa amakhamera, ngaphandle komphumela oqinile. Ngokwesibonelo, ngemva kokuphikisana kukaLukashanko 2020 kokhetho eBelarus, isifungo sakhe sabhekwa kakhulu njengomthetho ongekho emthethweni emphakathini wezizwe zonke, futhi ubudlelwane neNtshona nezindawo zomphakathi okhululekile. Igebe phakathi komholi wesizwe ofungelelayo nezenzo zabo lingalimaza idumela lesizwe amashumi eminyaka. Lokhu kuphawula iqiniso elibanzi: amandla okufungayo ekugcineni axhomeke ekuhlelweni kwenhlangano ezwe lonke — i-judinary, umphakathi ozimele, futhi umholi wezindaba wesizwe.

Isiphetho: Ukuphicana Kwamazwi Okukhuthazela Kwenziwa Kungcwele

Isifungo sikamongameli asiyona incwadi yezimiso; iyisithembiso. Kodwa kulokhu okuyinkimbinkimbi kwezingxoxo zomhlaba wonke, kuthembisa izinto. Badala amathemba, bakha ukwethembana, futhi — lapho bephulwa — babangela imiphumela engangena emakontinyeni. Ngokunikeza izimpawu ezihleliwe zezimiso zomthetho-sisekelo, umongameli omusha emhlabeni ukuthi uzoba luhlobo luni lomngane abafuna ukuba yiwo. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isifungo sigcizelela ubukhosi, amalungelo abantu, noma ukubusa kwentando yeningi, kunikeza isisekelo sohulumeni bakwamanye amazwe ukuba bachaze izenzo ezilandelayo.

Njengoba izombangazwe zembulunga yonke ziba yinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, isisindo esingokomfanekiso sesifungo singase sibe esibaluleke ngisho nangaphezulu. Enkathini yokungaqondi kahle nezinhlekelele ezisheshayo, isenzo esilula sokuma phambi komthetho-sisekelo nokufunga ukusisekela singanqanyulwa ngomsindo. Abaholi abahlonipha isifungo sabo bathola indumiso ehlangene; labo abasishaya indiva ngemali yokuthembana. Ekugcineni, umongameli uyisikhumbuzo sokuthi isisekelo sobuhlobo bomhlaba wonke asiwona amandla nje kuphela — kuwukwethembeka kwezwi lomholi.

ngokuphindaphindeneyo ufunde: ukuze uhlaziye ngokujule kakhulu indlela izifungo zomthetho-sisekelo ezithinta ngayo inkambiso yakwamanye amazwe, bheka [[FLT:] lesi sihloko esikhuluma ngoMongameli Oaths noDiplomacy kuMazwe Angaphandle [. Isifundo esiphakathi seZifungo emhlabeni wonke, iProject [[FLT:]] Clotitute. [[FLT]]