I-Good Wearth Agreement (GFA), eyasayinwa ngo-April 10, 1998, yaphawula inguquko enkulu emlandweni we-Northern Ireland, yaphela iminyaka engamashumi amathathu yempi enobudlova eyaziwa ngokuthi iZinkathazo. Nakuba ukufinyelela kwayo okuyinhloko kwakuyizombangazwe nomthetho-sisekelo (ihlonzela ukunqanda amandla kahulumeni, ukuvikela kwabantu, kanye nezinhlangano ezimelene nomphakathi ezibangela ukunciphisana.) Ithonya le-GFA empilweni yomphakathi libonakala linciphile kakhulu. Izimiso zesilinganiso sokulingana, ukuhlanganiswa, ukuhlanganiswa, kanye nobudlelwane bamisa isisekelo sokuguqula isimiso sezempilo esasiqhekekile emigqeni, ngokuvamile silwanisa ukuhlukana okubhebhebhethekiswe kanye nokukhubazeka kwempi. Namuhla, ithonya lomphakathi empilweni empilweni ehlahleni, ezempilo, ezempilo, nezokuhlobana kakhulu kwemiphakathi kwezindawo zokuhamba kwe-Bre, imisha, nokuzibo.

Isizinda: Impilo Nezinkinga

Ngaphambi kwe-GFA, isimiso sempilo saseNyakatho Ireland sabonakalisa umphakathi waso ohlukene. Izinkinga (1968-1988) zabangela ukufa okungama-3 500 kanye namashumi ezinkulungwane zezingozi, nezibazi ezijulile ngokwengqondo. Izinkonzo zezempilo zazivame ukunikezelwa ezimisweni ezihlukene, imiphakathi yamaProthestani namaKatolika ingena ezibhedlela noma emitholampilo ehlukene, ngezinye izikhathi ngenxa yokukhathalela ukuphepha okucatshangelwayo. Lokhu kudala ukulingana okukhulu: isilinganiso sokuphila ezindaweni ezimpofu kakhulu ezisezingeni eliphakathi kwezindawo ezicebile zamaProthestani; amazinga okufa kwezingane ayephakeme emiphakathini esebenzela amazwe ampofu; futhi izimo ezinjalo zezifo zenhliziyo ezimahlala khona zazivame kakhulu ezindaweni ezigcwele ukuswela.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, phakathi nempi, ukuthatha isinyathelo sezempilo somphakathi kwakuvame ukuphazanyiswa ukungathembani kwezombangazwe. Ukubambisana phakathi kwamabhodi empilo akhonza imiphakathi ehlukahlukene kwakubuthakathaka, futhi imizamo yokubhekana nezimbangela eziyisisekelo zempilo egulayo (njengezinkinga zempilo), izindlu, nokuhlukaniswa kwezenhlalo) yafiphazwa ukulondeka. IGFA yafuna ukushintsha lokho ngokulingana okungayekeleli nokuhloniphana njengezimiso eziyisisekelo zokubusa.

Amalungiselelo Empilo Phakathi Nesivumelwano Esihle SangoLwesihlanu

Nakuba i-GFA ingeyona isivumelwano sezempilo, yakha ukubambisana kwezinhlangano zezempilo ezixhumene. UMkhandlu weNyakatho-nyaka we-Southe Service, owamiswa ngaphansi kweSivumelwano seStand II, uhlanganisa ingxenye ethile yempilo. Le ndikimba iye yasiza ukuba kwenziwe imisebenzi ehlangeneyo kuzo zonke kusukela ekucwaningeni ngomdlavuza ekuhleleni ukusabela okuphuthumayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukugcizelela kwesivumelwano amalungelo abantu nokulingana kwaholela ekusungulweni kwe-Northern Ireland Rights Commis, eye yathonya isimiso sempilo ngokusekela ukufinyelela izinkonzo ezingezona ezezezezezenkolo. I-Nyakatho ye-Ireland ihlola ukuvumelana kwesigaba samashumi amahlanu esigaba se-Northern Ireland Act, okudinga ukuhlanganiswa kwempilo yezentengizimu nezokubusa nezokubusa kwezezombangazwe ezinhlanganweni zezenkolo.

Lezi zinqubo ziye zasiza ekuqhubekiseleni phambili isimiso sezempilo kusukela kumfanekiso owehlayo, owehlayo kuya kulowo ovimbela ukuqina kwemisipha yangaphambili. Ngokwesibonelo, uMnyango wezempilo “Ukwenza Ukuphila Kube ngcono” (203-2023) ubhekisela ngokucacile embonweni weGFA womphakathi ohlanganyelayo, ohlose ukunciphisa igebe lokuphila phakathi kwezindawo eziningi nezincishwa kancane kakhulu ezikhona phakathi kuka-50%.

Ukunciphisa Umehluko Empilweni

Omunye wemiphumela ebaluleke kakhulu yempilo yomphakathi we-GFA uye waba ukunciphiswa kwemiphakathi yamaProthestani namaKatolika. Emashumini amabili eminyaka ngemva kwesivumelwano, ubude besikhathi sokuphila kwamadoda nabesifazane eNyakatho Ireland bakhula ngeminyaka engaphezu kwemine, futhi igebe eliphakathi kwesigaba esiphakeme kakhulu nesomphakathi wezezomnotho liye lancipha. Imininingwane evela eMphakathini we-Northern Ireland iveza ukuthi phakathi kuka-200 nangu-2021, umehluko phakathi kweminyaka yokuphila phakathi kwezindawo eziningi nendlala phakathi kweminyaka engu-8,4 kuya kwengu-7,4,4, kuya ku-7,4 eminyakeni engu-5,5,5.

Izindlela zomthetho ezifana nesithi “Uhlelo lokuthola impilo neNdlela yokuhlalisana kwabantu", olwasungulwa ekuqaleni konyaka ka-2000, lwaqondisa imithombo eyengeziwe ezindaweni eziswele kakhulu. Lezi zindawo cishe zona kanye ezahlushwa kakhulu yizinkinga, zenza izinkonzo zokunakekela eziyinhloko, izinkonzo ezingcono zasesibhedlela, nezinhlelo zezempilo ezisekelwe emphakathini. Ngokwesibonelo, ukusungulwa kwe- “Heally Living Centers” ezindaweni ezinjengeWest Belfast ne Derry/Landonderry kwanikeza ukuthuthukisa okusheshayo kwempilo kanye nokuphatha izifo ezimahlala njalo, ukuthuthukisa imiphumela yezakhamuzi ezazingatholangatholangakhokhelwanga kahle ngaphambili.

Ibalulekile futhi, ukuqoqwa kokwaziswa kwempilo kwathuthuka. I-Post-GFA, ukuhlola kwezempilo kwaqala ukuthatha njalo ukwaziswa ngesizinda senkolo nesomphakathi, kuvumela abenzi bezimiso ukuba baphawule futhi bakhulume ngokuchane kakhulu. Ngenxa yalokho, ukungenela okuhloselweyo okufana nokubhenywa kwe-castess jrocks programssss (izindawo zamaKatolika asebenza ngokungemthetho) noma izingozi zokuhlola imithambo yenhliziyo ezikoleni zamaProthestani ezisebenzayo) zenza kube nokwenzeka.

Ukubambisana Kweqembu Enkundleni Yezempilo

I-GFA yakhuthaza ukubambisana okuqondile phakathi kwamabhodi empilo akhonza imiphakathi ehlukene. Ngokwesibonelo, i-Belfast Health and Social Care Trust manje i-'isebenza izinkonzo ezihlukene phakathi kwe-Royal Victoria Hospital (ngokuvamile eyayisetshenziswa amaKatolika) ne-Dolobha Hospital (okuvame kakhulu kumaProthestani), izinkonzo ezihlangene zomdlavuza, i-cardiology, kanye nokunakekelwa kokukhubazeka kuncipheke izindleko zokwelapha. Konke ukuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo kwabantwana kwe-Ireland, okuye kwasetshenziswa kakhulu ukuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo eDublin kokubili iziguli zaseNyakatho neRepublical Republic, kubonisa indlela ukubambisana komkhawulo we-onqaka okunga okungandisa ngayo izinga lapho kunciphisa izindleko.

Gxila Empilweni Yengqondo

Mhlawumbe ayikho indawo yempilo yomphakathi eye yathonywa kakhulu yi-GFA kunempilo engokwengqondo. Izinkinga zashiya ifa lenhlekelele, nesigamu esilinganiselwa kumuntu oyedwa kwabahlanu eNyakatho Ireland obhekene nezimpawu zokucindezeleka kwangemva kwe-traumatic disorder (PTSD) ehlobene ngokuqondile nempi. Izinga lokucindezeleka, ukukhathazeka, nokusetshenziswa kabi kwezidakamizwa lakhuphuka, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezabhekana namazinga aphakeme kakhulu obudlova.

Ngaphambi kuka-1998, izinkonzo zezempilo zengqondo zazingathandeki futhi ngokuvamile zazingafinyeleli, ikakhulukazi kulabo ababethinteke ngokuqondile yimpi. Inqubo yokuthula yashintsha lokhu ngokudala isimo sezombangazwe lapho impilo yengqondo ingaxoxwa khona obala. Isikhathi esiphawulekayo kwakuyi- Bamford Review of Mental Health and Learning Disability [ [2005-2007]), eyatusa ukunakekelwa okubanzi kwezinkonzo, ukugcizelelwa kwempilo yomphakathi, ukungenela kwasekuqaleni, nokungena kokukhubazeka. Lokhu kubukeza kwakwenziwa ngokuqondile ukubambisana okuqinile nokukhuphulula izigelekevu [[FA]

Ukwanda okulandelayo kwezimali kwathola ukwakhiwa kwezinkonzo zokuhlinza ezinikezelwe, njenge- Wave Trauma Centre ne- Northern Ireland Centre for Trauma and Transformation[. Inqubo yokuvimbela ukuzibulala ethuthukisiwe izikhathi eziningana futhi manje ihlanganisa izenzo ezithile eziqondeneyo zokukhuluma ngengqondo yezempi ye-PTSD, izisulu ezisebenza njengesibonelo emhlabeni wonke. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhulumeni wasungula i-Devit Uhambo lokuzibulala eyaziwa kakhulu] ngezikhathi ezithile futhi manje ihlanganisa nezenzo ezithile eziqondenezezengqondo zempi yamalungu ebutho, izisulu, kanye neqembu elivame ukungana nenqubo yokuthula.

Izinkonzo zezempilo zengqondo zomphakathi ziye zakhula kakhulu. Ngo-2021-2020222, ingqikithi yemali yezempilo yezengqondo eNyakatho Ireland yadlula ama £1 ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane zezigidi ngokokuqala ngqá, nakuba isephansi ngokwesilinganiso kwezinye izindawo ze-UK. I-Mental Health Champions Network yase-Northern Ireland, eyasungulwa ngo-2018, iyaqhubeka iqhubekisela phambili umgomo wokuhlonipheka phakathi kwempilo yengqondo neyomzimba neyomzimba, okusekelwe ekulinganiseni kwe-GFA.

Ukuhlanganyela Emphakathini Nokuthuthukisa Impilo Yomphakathi

I-GFAs ye-ethos yobuhlobo yadlulela emikhankasweni yezempilo yomphakathi. Kunokuba ibhalwe phansi, imishini elingana ne-oda, izikhulu zezempilo zaqala ukusebenza nomphakathi nezinhlangano zokuzithandela ezazinemvelaphi ejulile ezindaweni zendawo. Le ndlela yaphumelela kakhulu ezihlokweni ezibucayi njengempilo yobulili, ukuqaphela izidakamizwa, nobudlova basekhaya.

Ngokwesibonelo, umkhankaso we-Public Health Agency ka-“Tshintshisa Ukuphila Kwakho” wasebenzisa izishosholo nolwelwelwe bomphakathi bendawo ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza komzimba nokudla okunempilo ezindaweni ezinciphileyo, ukuveza izifundo zolwazi kuzo zombili izinhlangothi zomphakathi. Ngokufanayo, Izempilo engcono [FLT] Intection Procective [ [2008-2013]) wakhuluma ngokucacile ngezidingo zikanodellar, i-bith, ibib - der, der (LGBB) nabantu abaleki, kanye namanye amaqembu aphansi kakhulu.

Izindlela zempilo ezihlangene zavela futhi ngokwezinto eziphilayo. Ama-neighbourg aye ahlukaniswa phakathi nezinkinga zempilo aqala ukubambisana ngezikhathi zempilo Ukuthula nokubuyisana kwemikhumbi ehamba phambili [. I-Protesdag, ngokwesibonelo, amaqembu amaProthestani nawamaKatolika aqala ukuqaphela izenzakalo zomdlavuza, akhuthaza ukwethembana kanye kanye nentuthuko yempilo. i-Commony Development ne Nenetwork yempilo [ [CDHN] [i]) iqeqeshe izinkulungwane zezisebenzi zokuzithandela zendawo ukuba “amanxusa, agunyaze ukuba abe yizemiphakathi, athole impumelelo.

Ithonya Empilweni Yokufunda Nokubhala

Ikhono lokuqonda nokuthatha isinyathelo elwazini lwempilo − lifakazelwe ngenxa yalemizamo yomphakathi e-drive. Izinto ezinamazinyo zakhiqizwa kokubili e-Ireland (eGaillege) nase-Ulster Scots, zihambisana nokuqashelwa kolimi ngaphansi kwe-GFA. Ukuthumela imiyalezo ngendlela esemthethweni kunciphisa ukudideka nokukhuphuka kwezinkonzo zokuvimbela njengokuhlola nokugoma.

Ukubambisana kwempilo ehlelekile: Ifa elihlala njalo

Strand 2 of the GFA yamisa uMkhandlu Wenkonzo weNorth-South (NSC), ohlanganisa ingxenye enikezelwe yezempilo. Lendikimba ivule ubudlelwane obungakaze bube khona phakathi koMnyango wezempilo waseNorthern Ireland neRepublic of Ireland of Health. Impumelelo ephambili ihlanganisa:

  • All-Ireland Network yomdlavuza: Izindlela ze-hermonising metary nokuhlanganyela ukuhlinza okungcono kakhulu ekuxilongeni nasekulapheni ngokushesha.
  • All-Island Nursing ne Mislimry Forum: Ukuthuthukisa izindinganiso zobuchwepheshe kanye nokuhlela izisebenzi ngaphesheya komngcele.
  • Ukuthola imithi yokugoma [ nemithi edingekile, ukunciphisa izindleko nokuqinisekisa ukusekela ukuqina kweketanga.
  • CAWT (izisebenzi kanyekanye), i-memone yempilo enqamule imigqa enikeza izinkonzo ezindaweni ezinjengokunakekela asebekhulile, ukunakekela okupholisayo, nengane nentsha ephile kahle engqondweni (CAMHS).

Phakathi nobhadane lwe-COVID-19, i-NSMC yempilo yabonakala ibalulekile. I-Northern Ireland neRepublic ihlela amasu okuhlola, ukukhuphuka kwesibhedlela kanye nokunikeza iseluleko sempilo yomphakathi somphakathi naphezu kwezimiso zomthetho ezihlukene. Lokhu kubambisana kwabangelwa ngokuqondile izakhiwo zezeziqu ezakhiwa yi-GFA.

Izinselele Nokuphikelela Kokuphila Okulinganayo

Naphezu kwentuthuko enkulu, i-GFA ayiwona amagalelo empilo yomphakathi. Ukungalingani kwempilo, nakuba kuncishisiwe, kuhlala kuphikelela. Ngo-2022, abantu abahlala ezindaweni ezimpofu kakhulu babesenamathuba aphindwe kabili okubika impilo ebuthaka kunalawo asezindaweni eziswele kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inqubo yokuthula ayizange isuse zonke izigaba zomphakathi eBelfast, njengaseMater Hospital (ngokwesiko engokobuzwe) kanye ne-Ulster Hospital (inyukstststrist) esebenzela kakhulu imiphakathi yabantu ehlala ngokungenamthetho.

Ukungaguquguquki kwezombangazwe nakho kuye kwaphazamisa isimiso sezempilo. I-Northern Ireland Guide inciphe izikhathi eziningi kusukela ngo-1998, kusuka ngo-2017 kuya ku-2020, lapho izimali ezinkulu zempilo zaqiniswa khona futhi kulungiswa amaqhinga amade. Inkinga yamanje yokulinda − nabantu abangaphezu kuka-350 000 abalindele ukumiswa esibhedlela. Ngokuhlukene isuka ku-interia phakathi nalezikhathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusuka kwe-UK eEurope Union kuye kwaveza ukungaqiniseki okusha kwemisebenzi yezempilo enqamule imingcele, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezisebenzela izisebenzi ezisizayo nemali.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, “ukuhlukana kokuthula” akusakazwanga ngendlela elinganayo. Ezinye izindawo ezabhekana nobudlova obukhulu kakhulu, njengezindawo zentshonalanga yeBelfast nenyakatho ye-Derry, ziye zabona intuthuko ethatha kancane kwezempilo. I-Trauma isewumthwalo ofihlekile; amazinga okuzibulala eNyakatho Ireland aye anda kusukela ngo-1998, futhi amazinga alokhu ephakathi kwemikhawulo ephakeme kakhulu e-UK.a ngokuvamile ahlobene nobuhlungu obubangelwa yizinkathazo zezentengiselwano ehlangene nokucindezeleka kwezentengili.

Ithonya Lesikhathi Eside Nendlela Engaphambili

Uma sibheka emuva eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-25, i-Good Wear Agreement ngokuyisisekelo yalungisa isimo sempilo yomphakathi eNyakatho Ireland. Yadala isimo sezombangazwe lapho ukulingana, amalungelo abantu, kanye nokubambisana kwaba yizimiso eziqondisa isimiso sezempilo. Ukwehla kokuhluka, ukwanda kwezinkonzo zempilo yengqondo, kanye nokwanda komphakathi konke kuhambisana nesisusa senqubo yokuthula.

I-GFA yakhuthaza futhi isiko lenkambiso esekelwe ebufakazini, eyenza ukuba izinhlangano zokucwaninga ezifana zikwazi ukuhlanganisa i-Queen’s University Belfast kanye ne-[FLT]Ulster University[ ukuqhuba ukuhlola okuwumhlabathi okubangela ukubhidliza kwezinkinga zempilo ezihlobene nempi, kuthonya ukuqonda kwembulunga yonke. [i-internationals , njenge-[FLT:] iNhlangano yezempilo yomhlaba jikelele ethuthukisa inqubo yempilo engokwempilo, , iye yasiza ukuhlanganyela okuhlangenwe nakho kwayo nezinye izindawo zempi. [FLD:6] u-Admic.[FLD]Admic]

Kodwa umsebenzi awupheli. Ukufinyelela ukulingana kwempilo yeqiniso emphakathini osahamba phambili kudinga ukusekela okuqinile kwentando yezombangazwe, ukusekela ngokwezimali, nokuqhubeka. Ukuthembana nokusizana (I-Reforma) Bill, okwamanje ngaphansi kokuhlolwa koMhlangano, kuhloselwe ukuhlanganisa izinkonzo ezingcono. Kuyophumelela ngokwengxenye kuxhomeke ekutheni umoya weGA_DA__/injini ye-renate, inhlonipho, kanye nenjongo efanayo yokuqondisa izinqumo.

Ekugcineni, i-Good Wear Agreement yabonisa ukuthi ukuthula akukona nje ukungabikho kobudlova, kodwa ukuba khona kobulungisa namathuba. Empilweni yomphakathi, lokho kusho ukuqinisekisa wonke umuntu eNyakatho Ireland(engenasizinda) /ongasenalutho oluphilile, olunempilo. Lowombono, owazalwa ngo-1998, ulokhu ubaluleke kakhulu kunanini ngaphambili. uNon Ireland Depart of Health

Ukufunda Okwengeziwe