Ukuhlangana Kokubusa Kwamanzi Nobukhosi Bomdabu

Amanzi ayisisekelo sokuphila, kodwa ukubusa kwawo ngokuvamile kuba yindawo yempi lapho izakhiwo ezingokomthetho, inzuzo yezomnotho, namalungelo esizwe kungqubuzana khona. Kubantu bomdabu emhlabeni wonke, amanzi awayona nje inzuzo kodwa yinto ephilayo ehlanganiswe ukuba izimpawu, umcimbi, nokusinda. Ukuthuthukiswa kwenqubo yamanzi ngaphandle kokuqaphela amalungelo ezakhamuzi ngokunenjongo kuye kwaholela ekubusweni kwezimiso ezisemthethweni, ukuwohloka kwendawo ezungezile, nokuxabana okuqhubekayo okungokomthetho. Lokhu kuhlola ubuhlobo obubucayi phakathi kwenqubo yamanzi namalungelo angokomhlaba, ukuhlola ukungalungisi komlando, izinselele zesikhathi, izinselele ezingokomlando, kanye nezindlela zokulawula ukulunga okuqinile nangaguquguquki kwamanzi.

Isisekelo Samalungelo Amanzi Ezakhamuzi

Amalungelo amanzi omdabu asekelwe ezimisweni zangaphambi kwezindawo zobuphathi, umthetho wesiko, kanye nokuhlobana okungokomoya. Amazwe amaningi ahlala khona abheka amanzi njengesihlobo noma njengesipho esingcwele okumelwe sivikelwe izizukulwane ezizayo. Lendlela yomhlaba ihluke kakhulu kumapharadu asemthethweni aseNtshonalanga abheka amanzi njengempahla emelwe ukubekelwa, ewakhelwe, futhi ehweba. Ukuqonda lomehluko oyisisekelo kubalulekile ekuklameni imithetho yamanzi ehlonipha ubukhosi bamazwe akhona.

Ulwazi Lwesiko Nokuphathwa Kwamanzi

Izinqubo zolwazi zakhona ziye zasekela imithombo yamanzi iminyaka eyinkulungwane ngemikhuba enjengokujikelezayo, ukulawula ukushisa, nokuvuna ngezikhathi ezithile. Lezi zimo zigcizelela ukulingana, ukuphindela, kanye nempilo engokwendawo ezungezile. Ngokwesibonelo, Māori eAtearoa New Zealand [[1] ibheka amanzi njengendawo ephilayo enamalungelo ayo, umqondo oye wathonya ukuqashelwa okungokomthetho koMfula iWhannuian njengomuntu ongokomthetho. Ngokufanayo, [[FLT:] u-Anishabe] e-Anfazina [ eGreat Lakeslandss ilandela i-Arcations [FLD] Provential [FFFFlance:]

Naphezu kokuphumelela okuqinisekiswe ngolwazi olungokwesiko, isimiso samanzi esivamile sivame ukunciphisa noma ukungayinaki ngokuphelele imibono yobuzwe. Lokhu kukhishwa akuwaphuzi nje amalungelo omdabu kodwa futhi kuphuca ukuphathwa kwamanzi amasu awusizo, ikakhulukazi esikhathini sokushintsha kwesimo sezulu okusheshayo. Ukucwaninga okukhulayo, kuhlanganise nomsebenzi weZizwe ezihlangene [[FLT:] , kugcizelela isidingo sokuhlanganisa ulwazi lwamanzi lube yikho kokubili ukubusa njengendaba yokulunga nokusebenza kwemvelo.

Umlando: Ukuthakathwa Kwemicu Nokungawa Amanzi

Ukususwa kwamalungelo angokomdabu alinganayo nomlando obanzi wobukoloni. Imibuso yamazwe yamisa imithetho yamanzi eqaphela ukuba ngumuntu noma ukuba kwakhe, ukucisha amalungelo angokwesiko ngaphandle kokubonana noma ukukhokhelwa. Ezindaweni eziningi, imfundiso ye iyafihla[ nesimiso se kuqala ngesikhathi, okokuqala ngakwesokudla[

Isivumelwano Samalungelo Namanzi

E-United States nase Canada, izivumelwano ngokuvamile zigcinela amazwe omdabu amanzi, kodwa lamalungelo kamuva aqedwa ngemithetho nangokwesivumelwano. Winters v. United States inqumbi ePhakeme kakhulu yamisa ukuthi lapho uhulumeni woMdabu wase-U.S. udala amanxulumane aseMelika, agcine ngokuphelele amanzi anele okufeza izinjongo zalawozindawo. Nokho, decadedes yezinselele ezingaphansi nangokomthetho iye yashiya izizwe eziningi zingakwazi ukungena emanzini ngokusemthethweni. Ngokwesibonelo, iNavajo iye yalwa isikhathi esingaphezu kwekhulu ukuze ivikele amalungelo oMfula iColorado, iyaqhubeka namuhla.

E-Australia, isinqumo sika-1992 esaqashelwayo sesiqu somdabu sokudabuka ezweni, kodwa amalungelo amanzi ahlala edidane kwaze kwaba i-Titleth Act 1993[ ichazwa njengehlanganise amalungelo athile amanzi. Ngisho nalapho, amaqembu esizwe avame ukuba namalungelo angewona ahlukene kuphela futhi abhekene nemingcele yokusebenzisa. Isimo se- Abrigiodwa ne-Torres Islands abantu base-Strait Islands [ bahlala beshayedwa, futhi imiphakathi eminingi ibhekene amanzi anzima kakhulu naphezu kokuhlala emazweni anemithombo yamanzi eminingi.

Imisebenzi Yesakhelo Esingokomthetho: Intuthuko Negebe

Umthetho wezizwe zonke uye wenza intuthuko ekuqapheleni amalungelo amanzi omdabu. ISimemezelo seZizwe Ezihlangene eMalungelweni Abantu Abangabantu Abavamile [UNDRIP], esithathiwe ngo- 2007, siqinisekisa ilungelo labantu bomdabu lokulondoloza imithombo yabo yamanzi nokuhileleka ekuqondiseni kwabo. ISiphakamiso 25 sisho ngokuqondile: " izakhamuzi zinelungelo lokulondoloza nokuqinisa ubuhlobo bazo obungokomoya obukhethekile nobemvelo bazo, obungokwesiko noma obusetshenziswa futhi obusetshenziswayo, amasimu, amanzi, nolwandle.[FLT]

Ngokufanayo, [[QT:0] iSici se-Diology Diversity kanye ne- International of Economic, Social and Cultural Rights inikeza izisekelo ezisekelayo. Nokho, ukusetshenziswa kwasekhaya kuhlala kungalingani. Amazwe amaningi awafakanga i-UNDRIP kumthetho wesizwe, futhi ngisho nalapho anawo, ukugcinwa kuyancipha.

Ushintsho Lomthetho Wamanzi

ECanada, i-British Later Sustainability Act kanye Act yamanzi yase-Canadian idala izinqubo zokuhlanganyela kwe-Inst, kodwa abagxeki baphikisa ngokuthi lena i-advisory kunokuba ibopha. i-Astylety of Nations iye yabizwa ngokuphindaphindiwe ngokuthi isivikelo samanzi esihlobene namalungelo angokwemvelo. ELatin America, amazwe anjenga [FLT:][FLT][FLT] i-Bolivia [[FL:7] futhi [FT] futhi [FT:FT] i-FT] ibizwa ngokuphindaphindiwe [FT] i-FT] i-FTYNT] i-octrin inguqurin elungele amalungelo akhona kanye namalungelo ayo okusebenza ngokusebenza ngokusebenza. Amanzi, i-irne.

I- National Water Act ka-1998 yasungula umqondo we- , ebekela eceleni amanzi ezidingo eziyisisekelo zomuntu nokulondolozwa kwendawo ezungezile. Nokho, imiphakathi iyaqhubeka ilwela ukufinyelela ngokulinganayo, njengoba ubunkimbinkimbini bokulawula namandla ezomnotho ngokuvamile kudlula izimiso zomthetho-sisekelo.

Izinselele Zesikhathi Esizayo: Ukushintsha Kwesimo Sezulu, Ukukhishwa Kwaso, Negebe Elimisiwe

Amalungelo angokomdabu abangelwa ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu, ukukhishwa kwezimpahla kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezindawo ezizimele.

Ukushintsha Kwesimo Sezulu Nokushintsha Kwamanzi

Imiphakathi yamazwe asemaceleni ngokuvamile ihlala emazweni asengozini enkulu yesomiso, izikhukhula, nokuncibilika kweqhwa. Ngokwesibonelo, i- inyuit[ e-Arctic ibona ukuncibilika kweqhwa nokushintsha umfula ophazamisa amanzi. Ku-Pacific Northwest, i-almon ihamba-phantel (ephakathi kwempucuko nenani lezizwe ezinjenga ] Yurok[]] [lethi]]] ibhidliza ngenxa yokufuduza amanzi nokushintsha imifula. Lemiphumela ayikona nje kuphela ukuphazamisa imvelo kodwa futhi ngokomthetho: njengoba ukutholakala kwamanzi, amalungelo akhona anciphile, futhi ngokuvamile amazwe antula amandla ezombangazwe afana nokwezwe.[FLT] [FLT] [F:3]

Ukukhishwa Kwemithombo Yezinto Nokungcola

Kusukela ku-oyile baseCanada kuya e-lithium yezimayini e-Andes, izimboni ezihluthulelwayo zisongela imithombo yamanzi ehlala khona. Ukumelana neRock Sioux Tribe no-Dakota Acceline yaba uphawu lwembulunga yonke lokulwela amalungelo amanzi. Umbhoshongo, owadonswa ngaphansi koMfula iMissouri, wasongela ukuphela komthombo wamanzi ophuzwayo wesizwe. Nakuba ukubhidilidi kwadonsa ukunakekela kwezizwe zonke, ekugcineni i-payingi yaqedwa ngaphansi kwemvume kamongameli yokunqanda amalungelo e-Ionsula amanzi enhlangano.

E-Australia, ibhomu lamalahle i-Adani Carmichael (kamuva laphinde labizwa ngokuthi i-Bravus) labangela ukukhathazeka ngokuncipha kwamanzi angaphansi kwe-Basin, lahlasela imithombo engcwele yabantu bomdabu base-Australia. Naphezu kwezinselele zenkantolo, ibhomu laqhubeka, liqokomisa ukungalingani komphumela wendawo ezungezile okuhlulekayo ukunikeza umlando ofanele wenani lamanzi amasiko.

Ukuzinza Nezingcindezi Zezomnotho

Ukuthambekela ekungeniseni amanzi emanzini emazweni amaningi kungusongo. Uma izimiso zamanzi zithengiselwa abasebenzisi bomuntu siqu, imiphakathi yamaZwe ivame ukulahlekelwa ukufinyelela okungafinyeleleki namandla okwenza izinqumo. ilungelo lomuntu lokuthola amanzi [, eliqashelwa yiZizwe Ezihlangene ngo-2010], livame ukulahlwa lapho izisusa zenzuzo zidlula izidingo zomphakathi. Abesifazane abahlala khona, ngokuvamile abangabathengi bamanzi abayinhloko, bathwala umthwalo onzima kakhulu lapho amanzi efika noma engcoliswe.

Ukuhlola Izenzakalo: Ukukhanya Indlela Phambili

Naphezu kwalezi zinselele, imiphakathi yakhona iqala imizamo emisha yokuthola ubukhosi bamanzi nethonya lawo.

Isizwe Esimhlophe Somhlaba Nesivikelo Sempepho Yasendle

Anishimabe wesizwe esimhlophe eMinnesota sekuyisikhathi eside ilwa ukuvikela ilayisi lasendle (manoulomin), ukudla okungcwele okuxhomeke emanzini ahlanzekile. Ukusabela ekungcolisekeni kokumba imigodi nakwezolimo, isizwe samisa umthetho uManoomin [, oqaphela amalungelo angokomthetho elayisi elikhona, elichumayo, nelivusele kabusha. Lomthetho ubeka isibonelo sokuqaphela amalungelo emvelweni nezokulima.

IMāori Nendawo Yokuhlala YoMfula IWhangui

Ngo-2017, iNew Zealand yadlula uTewa Tua Tupua Act, inikeza iWhanau River ukuba ngokomthetho kwabantu futhi iqaphela Wannui iwi[ njengabalindi. Le ndawo yesifunda yaqeda umzabalazo ongokomthetho weminyaka engu-140 futhi yamisa uhlelo lwe-gonnance lapho iphethe khona umfula kanye nabameleli bakahulumeni. Isibonelo siye sakhuthaza izinyathelo ezifanayo eCanada, eColombia, naseNdiya, ebonisa ukuthi ukuhlelwa okungokomthetho kungahlanganisa i-IProviortin kanye nemibono yamanzi.

Izizwe Zokuqala Namanzi Avelele EBritish Columbia

[[QUT:0] Izizwe eBritish Colut zihlanganyela ezivumelwaneni zokulawulana nezinhlangano zesifunda nezombuso ukuvikela i-Salmon-eye-eye-act. kanye [FLT] ne[FLT] ```````````Izinyusi''' Amanzi e-British''' zivumela izinqumo zomphakathi zesivumelwano zesifunda nezinhlangano zesifunda-indawo-indawo ne-ocementalgists'. [[FLT] Intuthuko ihamba kancane, le ntuthuko ibonisa ukuthi ukuxhumana okunenjongo kungaholela emphumelweni ongcono nenkululeko.

Izindlela Zokusetshenziswa Kwamanzi Ngokulinganayo

Ukushintsha isimiso samanzi sokuhlonipha amalungelo ezakhamuzi kudinga ushintsho lwezimiso emazingeni amaningi.abaphathi bemithetho, abasekeli, nemiphakathi kumelwe basebenze ndawonye ukuze bashintshe izakhiwo zokubusa, izimfundiso ezingokomthetho, kanye nokusekela imali.

Ukuvumelana Okukhululekile, Okungaphambili Nokungaqondakali (FIC)

Isimiso sanoma isiphi isimiso samanzi siphakathi kwesimiso se esikhululekile, ngaphambi, kanye nemvume eqondisiwe, njengoba kuchazwe kuyi-UNDRIP. I-FPIC ifuna ukuba imiphakathi yesizwe ingathintani nje kodwa inikeze noma inqabe ngamandla imvume ngaphambi kokuba noma isiphi isakhiwo esithinta imithombo yamanzi siqhubeke. Lesi simiso kumelwe siphoqelelwe ngokomthetho, hhayi nje ukukholisa. Amazwe anjenge- [FLT] u-Ecuad futhi NOP] ivumela phambili noma isiphi isiphi isakhiwo esithinta imithombo yamanzi. Lesi simiso akumelwe sifakwe ngokomthetho, kodwa ukusetshenziswa kuhlale kubuthakathaka ngaphandle kokuhlelwa kwemisebe.

Ukubambisana Nokubusa Okunye

Izibonelo zokulawula ezinikeza amazwe alinganayo amandla ezinqubweni zamanzi. Izibonelo zihlanganisa Amachibi Amakhulu Amanzi Awuhlobo , ahlanganisa ukumelelwa kwesizwe, futhi i-Salmon Recovery Plan e-Pacific Northwest. Lemifanekiso idinga ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo phakathi kwemiphakathi ye-ITROG, kanye nezombangazwe ziyokwabelana amandla. Ukuxhasa i-IGroultry ne-partment kumele kuhlelwe njengesithiyo yamahlalakhona, njengoba isithiyo ehlala phansi kwe-universal.

Ukusakaza Ulwazi Lwesiko Kwezesayensi Nezimiso

Isimiso samanzi kumelwe siqhubele phambili ngaphezu kokuvunywa kolwazi oluvamile ekuhlanganisweni kwangempela. Lokhu kusho ukuxhasa ngemali ukucwaninga ngezindawo, ukuphathwa kokwaziswa, nokuqeqesha ososayensi abangezona abesizwe kanye nabenzi bezimiso ngokuthobeka kwamasiko. Ngokwesibonelo, i- Revolution Givertical Justice Initive[ eYunivesithi yase-Arizona isebenza ukuveza ulwazi nezizwe, iklama amathuluzi okuhlela amanzi ahlanganisa kokubili izindinganiso ze-Western hydralogy ne-Iversity.

Ukulungisa Nokuqamba Amanga

Imithetho yamanzi ekhona emazweni amaningi yabhalelwa ukuzuzisa abafuduki nabasebenzisi bamakoloni. Ukuthatha noma ukudayisa lemithetho ukuze kuqashelwe amalungelo amanzi esizwe kubalulekile. E-United States, i-Indian Water Rights Settlement Act[ uMthetho we-UNDRP [ivela ku-Celt C5] iqhele ukumiswa. I-Congress i-common i-project nezindawo ezigcwele izimali. ECanada, ilungisa uMthetho [ futhi isebenzisa i-UNDRIP isebenza umthetho (njenge-Cellat] inyathelo elinzima.

Isimo Sokuziphatha Nezomnotho Senguquko

Ukuhlonipha amalungelo amanzi ezakhamuzi akuyona nje isibopho esingokomthetho kuphela kodwa futhi nesidingo esiyimfuneko sokuziphatha nesenzuzo. Ukuhlola kubonisa ukuthi amazwe ahlala khona ngokuvamile anezinto ezinempilo engcono kunezindawo eziseduze. World Resources Institute[ yathola ukuthi amasimu abomdabu agcina ama-80% ezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo emhlabeni, eziningi zazo zixhomeke emanzini ahlanzekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukutshala izakhiwo zamanzi nokulawula inzuzo engokomnotho kuveza inzuzo yezomnotho ngempilo engcono, ukuncishiswa kwemicebo, nokuphatha inzuzo egciniwe.

Ukwehluleka ukusingatha amalungelo amanzi esizwe akhuthaza ukuhlukumezeka, ubumpofu, nezingxabano. Imiphakathi engenamanzi athembekile ibhekene nezifo ezingavinjelwa, ukulahlekelwa amathuba emfundo, nokukhucululwa kwempucuko. Uhulumeni wase-Canada uhluleka amashumi eminyaka ukuqeda ukudayisa amanzi amanzi ngezikhathi ezinde eziqiwini zezizwe eziqalayo − nakuba izithembiso eziphindiwe zinciphisa izindleko zabantu zokungathathi hlangothi.

Isiphetho: Isimemo Senguquko Eyinkimbinkimbi

Ubuhlobo phakathi kwesimiso samanzi namalungelo omphakathi bugcwele ukungalungi komlando, ubunkimbinkimbi obungokomthetho, nokungqubuzana kwempucuko. Kodwa bunikeza ithuba lokuguqula. Ngokusekela amazwi esizwe, ngokuqondene nolwazi lwendabuko, nangokuhlela kabusha amapulaneti, imiphakathi ingakha izimiso zamanzi ezingalondolozwanga nje kuphela kodwa futhi zigcineke ngokulunga. Ukuhamba kwembulunga yonke [[FLT: 0] ubukhosi [[FLT:]] kanye nenkululeko yemvelo [[FLT:] kanye ne-[FLT] yemvelo [[FLT:]] inikeza indlela phambili, kodwa idinga ukuzinikela kuzo zonke izibambi zindawo zokugqebheja. Njengoba i-FLD [FF:] i-FM] kanye ne-'AT]