Ukungondleki kwamazwe athola isilinganiso esiphansi kuyaqhubeka njengenye yezinkinga zempilo ephuthuma kakhulu nentuthuko yomhlaba wonke. Naphezu kwamashumi eminyaka entuthuko, izigidi zezingane nabantu abadala ziyaqhubeka zigula ngenxa yokuntula izakhi ezisesilinganisweni, imishacritiod, nemiphumela emide yezikhathi ezizayo yokudla okungenamsoco. Inani lezomnotho liyashaqisa: abantu abangondlekanga kahle abakhiqizi kakhulu, abasengozini kakhulu yezifo, futhi ababambekeki kakhulu emijikelezweni yobumpofu obuthatha izizukulwane. Usizo lwamazwe angaphandle, oludluliselwe ngezinhlangano ezilandelanayo, izinhlangano eziningi, nezinhlangano ezingezona ezomthetho, zifeza indima ebalulekile ekuvaleni igebe elivimbela igebe eliphansi eliphumayo ekusebenziseni izindlela ezisebenzayo zokudla ukudla. Uma ukuhlelela izakhi, ukuqinisa impilo, ukuqinisa izinhlangano zempilo, nokwakha izinhlangano zezindawo zokudla.

Ukungondleki Emazweni Aphansi

Ukuze siqonde ukuthi kungani usizo lwakwamanye amazwe lubucayi kangaka, umuntu kumelwe aqale aqonde ubukhulu bokungondleki. NgokweNhlangano Yezwe Yezempilo, cishe amaphesenti angu-45 okufa kwezingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka emihlanu ahlobene nokungatholi mpilo, nokufa okuningi kwalokhu okubangelwa ukuncipha kwenani eliphansi lenani labantu abafayo ezimisweni ze-Saharan yase-Afrika naseNingizimu ye-Asia. Ukuwohloka, nokuntula, nokuntula okuncane kuthinta amashumi ezigidi zezingane, ukukhubazeka kobuchopho nokuthola inzuzo ehlala njalo. Abantu abadala, ukungondleki kwandisa ingozi yesifo esingamahlala njalo nokunciphisa ukwanda kwemisebenzi. Izindleko zokusebenza akulinganiswanga kuphela ekuhluphekeni kwabantu kodwa futhi kunciphe kakhulu kwezomnotho, ngokulinganisela okuthile kusikisela ukuthi ukungondleka kwamashumi ezigidi ze-GDP kunciphisa ukukhuphuka ngesilinganiso sesilinganiso sesilinganiso samashumi amathathu emazweni amathathu.

Ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu, izingxabano, nokuntengantenga kwezomnotho kuye kwandisa ukuntengantenga kokudla emazweni amaningi angenamali. Ukukhuphuka kwentengo yokudla, ukuntengantenga kwamaketanga okuthengwayo, kanye nezenzakalo zezulu eziyingozi kwenza kube nzima kakhulu ngemikhaya esengozini ukuba ithole ukudla okuhlukahlukene okunomsoco. Imithombo yasekhaya iyodwa ayivamile ukwanelisa lezinselele zesimiso, okwenza usizo lwangaphandle lube isici esiyinhloko sokusabela kwembulunga yonke.

Indlela Usizo Lwakwamanye Amazwe Olungakuhlasela Ngayo Ukungondleki

Usizo lwangaphandle oluqondiswe ekudleni akulona uhlobo olulodwa lokungenela kodwa uhlelo oluhlangene lwezindlela ezisingatha kokubili izidingo ezisheshayo kanye nokuzimela isikhathi eside. Izinhlelo eziphumelela kakhulu zisebenza ngamazinga amaningi: umuntu ngamunye, indlu, umphakathi, nezwe. Umehluko oyinhloko uphakathi kosizo oluphuthumayo lokudla ("olubucayi phakathi nendlala, izingxabano, nezinhlekelele zemvelo, kanye nezinhlelo zokudla okunomsoco eziklanyelwe ukuvimbela ukungondleki ngaphambi kokuba kwenzeke.

  • Ukuthasiselwa nothango: Izimali zosizo ukusakazwa kokudla okulula ukuya kusetshenziswa (RUTFs) kubantwana abangondlekile kakhulu, kanye nothango lokudla okuyinhloko njengofulawa nowoyela wokupheka kanye namavithamini abalulekile namaminerali.
  • Isimiso sobuHealth siqinisa:[ Izimali zokusekela imishini ziqeqeshe izisebenzi zezempilo zomphakathi ukuze zihlolwe ukungondleki kahle, zinikeze uvithamini A no-zinc, futhi zilawule amagalelo okudla nokukhubazeka ngokunakekela okuhlangene komphakathi.
  • [ Isimiso sishintsha ukuxhumana: Izinhlelo zifundisa abanakekeli ngezindlela zokuncelisa ibele, ukuncelisa ngokuphelelisa, nokuhlanza, okuphakathi kwezindlela ezibiza kakhulu zokunciphisa ukungondleki kwengane.
  • Ukusekela kwezolimo nesivikelo somphakathi: Usizo lusiza abalimi abancane ukuba bangene ezitshalweni, bafinyelele imbewu engcono futhi bagcine, futhi bahlanganyele kumanetha okuphepha njengokuthutha imali noma izinhlelo zokudla ezithuthukisa ukudla okudliwayo ngokuqondile.

Ngayinye yalemizila idinga ukusekela ngokwezimali, ubuchwepheshe, kanye nekhono lokuhlela amazwe amaningi angenayo. Amabhuloho okusiza angaphandle aleyogebe ngokunikeza iziqondiso ezisekelwe ebufakazini, ukuhlola izimiso, kanye nezinqubo zokulandisa.

Izinyathelo Eziyinhloko Ezisekelwa Usizo Lwakwamanye Amazwe

Ukudla Okuningi Nokudla Okunezakhi Ezincane

Kubantwana abangondlekanga kakhulu, ukudla okukhethekile kumane kuwukuphela kokungenela okungavimbela ukufa. Izinhlangano ezinjenge-UNICEF ne-World Food Programme zithola futhi zisakaza izigidi zamathani e-RUTF unyaka ngamunye, zixhaswe kakhulu ohulumeni abanikelayo. Lezi zimpofu zamantongomane ziwugesi owenziwe ngekhemikhali futhi ziqiniswe ngazo zonke izakhi ezidingekayo. Ikhodi lenyanga ezintathu zeRUTF izindleko zemali ezicishe zibe ngu-R40 kuya ku-R20 (R66) ngengane ngayinye, iyenza ibe yinye yezimo ezibiza imali kakhulu ezisiza ukuphila ezitholakalayo.

Izakhi Ezincane

Ivitamin A eyongezaniselayo, enikezwa abantwana abangaphansi kweminyaka emihlanu kabili ngonyaka, inciphisa konke okubangela ukufa ngamaphesenti afinyelela ku-12. Ukongezwa kwe-iron ne-folic acid kwabesifazane abakhulelwe kunciphisa ingozi ye-anemia ephakathi kukamama ne-neural tube. Izinhlelo zikasawoti owenziwe nge-odintellimus zivimbela ukukhubazeka nokukhubazeka kokuhlakanipha. Usizo lwamazwe angaphandle lusekela ukuthengwa, i-logicism, kanye nezimiso zokusakaza eziqinisekisa ukuthi lokhu kungenela kufinyelela kubantu abakude. I-Global Alliance for productionmentmentived Nutrie Inzation (GANIan) ne-Micronutentie Implitine iphakathi kwamalungu ayinhloko asebenza kule mizamo.

Ukuncelisa Ibele Nokusekela Okuqhubekayo

Ukuncelisa ibele okugcwele ezinyangeni zokuqala eziyisithupha zokuphila kutuswa yi-WHO njengesu eliyinhloko lokuvimbela ukungondleki kanye nokufa okuhlobene nesifo sohudo. Kodwa emazweni amaningi angenayo, imikhuba eyingozi njengokunikeza amanzi noma ukudla kwakuqala kuvamile. Izimali zakwamanye amazwe zivamile ukuncela isilinganiso esikhulu semfundo yomphakathi, ukuqeqesha abeluleki bontanga, nokusekela izivikelo zokubelethisa ezenza omama bakwazi ukuncelisa. Izinhlelo zokuncela ibele zifundisa imikhaya indlela yokulungisa ukudla okune nemali okunomsococoko ezitholakalayo, ngokuvamile kuhlanganise nenani elincane lemikhiqizo yezilwane etholakalayo njengamaqanda noma ubisi.

Ukudla Esikoleni Nesivikelo Sokudla

Izinhlelo zokudla zasesikoleni zifeza injongo ehlukene: zinikeza izingane ezingase zilambe, futhi zikhuthaza imikhaya ukuba igcine izingane esikoleni. IWorld Food Programme isekela izinhlelo zesikole emazweni angaphezu kuka-70, amaningi awo anikeza ukudla okuvela kubalimi bendawo, aqinisa umnotho wezolimo. Ukuthutha kwemali nezinhlelo zokuthenga imishini, futhi kuxhaswe ngosizo lwakwamanye amazwe, kunikeza imikhaya amandla okuthenga ukudla okudla okuhlukile, kunciphisa ukuthembela ekudleni ukudla okungabizi kakhulu, okuncikekile ekudleni okungabizi kakhulu.

Izinselele Nokugxeka Usizo Lwakwamanye Amazwe Lokudla

Naphezu kwempumelelo yayo, usizo lwezokudla oluvela ngaphandle lunezinkinga. Okunye ukugxeka okungapheli yingozi yokuthembela. Uma usizo lugeleza ngokungalindelekile noma luhlangene nemijikelezo emifushane yezombangazwe, amazwe amukelayo angase alwe kanzima ukuhlela izinhlelo eziqinile. Uma abanikelayo beshintsha izinhlelo eziza kuqala noma benciphisa izindleko, ukuthatha izinhlelo zokudla kungawohloka, kushiye izimiso ezintekenteke kakade zingasekho zingcono kunangaphambili.

Enye inselele ukubambisana kwezimiso. Ukudla kuyinkinga ehilela impilo, ezolimo, imfundo, kanye nokuvikela umphakathi. Ngokuvamile, abanikeli basebenza e-silos, basekela izinhlelo ezimile ezingahambisani nezinhlelo zesizwe. Lokhu kuveza imizamo, imithombo echithwayo, futhi kwaphuthelwa amathuba okuhlaselwa. I-Scaling Uption Intrition, eyasungulwa ngo-2010, iye yazama ukuthuthukisa ukubambisana kweminikelo, kodwa izinhlelo ezikhona azilingani emazweni amaningi.

Ukungantengi kwezombangazwe nokonakala nakho kululaza ukuphumelela kosizo. Kwezinye izimo, imali ehloselwe izinhlelo zokondleka iyaphambukiswa, ibambezele, noma isetshenziswe kabi. Ukubusa okubuthakathaka nokuntuleka kokulandisa ezingeni lendawo kunciphisa ithonya lokungenela ngisho nokuhlelwa kahle. Abanikazi baye basabela ngokufuna iziqondiso eziqinile, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi lokhu kwenezela imithwalo yokuphatha enciphisa ukuhanjiswa.

Okokugcina, usizo alukwazi ukuxazulula izimbangela eziyinhloko zokungondleki. Ubumpofu, ukungalingani, izakhiwo eziphansi, nokungatholakali kwamanzi ahlanzekile nesimiso sokukhuculula indle kuyizici ezidinga ukugcinwa kokutshala imali ekhaya. Usizo lwangaphandle lungashintsha, kodwa kumelwe lube ingxenye yecebo elikhulu elihlanganisa ukubusa okuhle, isimiso esinengqondo sezomnotho, nokuzinikela kohulumeni bezwe.

Ukuhlola Izenzakalo: Lapho Usizo Lwakwamanye Amazwe Lwenze Umehluko

I - nat Ethiopiya Ekhiqizayo

Iqaliswe ngo-2005 ngokusekela okuqinile okunikezwa ngeminikelo, i-Ethiopia’s Productive Safety Net Programme inikeza imali noma ukudla okuthunyelwa ezigidini zemikhaya ehlala ngokudla okungalapheki ngokungeniswa nokuhlanganyela ekusebenzeni komphakathi njengokuvikela inhlabathi nokuvuna amanzi. Lo hlelo luye lwathiwa ngokunciphisa izinga lokuncipha kwezingane ezingaphansi kwamaphesenti amahlanu kusuka ku-2002 kuya kumaphesenti angu-37 ngo-2019. Ibonisa ukuthi isilinganiso esithenjiswayo, isikhathi eside sosizo singabhekana nakho kokubili ukulamba nokuzimela isikhathi eside.

Izinkonzo Zentuthuko Zezingane Ezihlangene ENdiya

Nakuba i-Indiya ingelona izwe elithola imali encane ngokwezinyathelo zamanje ze-GDP, amazwe ampofu kakhulu abhekene nezinselele zokudla okunomsoco ngokulingana ne-Saharan Afrika. Usizo lwamazwe angaphandle oluvela eUnited Kingdom, e-United States, kanye nezinhlangano ezilandelanayo ziye zasekela i-Integrated Child Development Services, uxhaxhaka oluyizindawo ezingenisa ukudla okunomsocolisekile, ukuhlola impilo, nemfundo yobuntwana. Izinguquko zamuva, kuhlanganise nokusungulwa kweza izilinganiso zezindlu nezinhlelo ezithuthukisiwe, ziye zanikela igalelo elisukela emaphesenti angu-21 ka-2005 kuya kumaphesenti angu-17 ngo-20.

Ukulawulwa Komphakathi Okusekelwe ENiger Kokudla Okungondleki Okukhulu

INiger, elinye lamazwe omhlaba ampofu kakhulu, ibiyindawo yomshayeli olawulwa umphakathi wokungondleki okukhulu (CMAM). Ngokusekela kwezimali ze-Europe Commission nohulumeni besizwe, iNiger yathatha i-CMAM ukuze ihlanganise zonke izindawo zezempilo, iqeqesha izinkulungwane zezisebenzi zezempilo zomphakathi ukuba zibone futhi zelaphe izingane ngokusesilinganisweni nangokungathi sína. Phakathi kuka-2010 no-2018, ukukhokhwa kokungondleki okukhulu kwanda kusuka kumaphesenti angu-20 kuya kwangu-85, futhi isilinganiso sengozi esibulalayo sehla ngamaphesenti amahlanu. Lempumelelo ibuye yaphinde yafika kwezinye izizwe zaseSahelian.

Ukulinganisa Ithonya Losizo Lwakwamanye Amazwe Ngokungondleki

Ukuveza ukusebenza kosizo lokudla okunomsoco kuyinkimbinkimbi kodwa kubalulekile. Izimpawu ezivamile zihlanganisa ukuxhaphaka kokuzivivinya, ukudlala, ukuncipha, nokuncitshiswa kwemicronutria, kanye nokuhlanganiswa kokungenela okuyinhloko njengovithamini A okunezelwe kanye nokwelashwa kokungondleki okukhulu. Izinhlelo eziningi zokusiza manje zihlanganisa imiphumela enzima yokuhlola ngokusebenzisa imiklamo elawulwa ngokuzenzakalela noma imiklamo elawulayo. I-2021 ye-meta - allia-a - allia edictives yezinhlelo zokudla ezingu-60 emazweni athola inzuzo ephansi yathola ukuthi labo abathola ukusekelwa okukhulu, ngokwesilinganiso, ukunciphisa okungaphezulu kakhulu kwesilinganiso, isilinganiso sesilinganiso sekhulu uma kuqhathaniswa neqembu lokulawula.

Intengo ingeyenye i-metric ebucayi. Ngokwe- Copenhagen Consenses, ukunikeza abesifazane abakhulelwe nabantwana abancane imicroctive inikeza izinzuzo ezilingana nezindleko eziphindwe ka-20. Izinhlelo zokudla zasesikoleni, uma zifakwe kahle, zibuya cishe ngamaR3 emali engcono nenzuzo yemfundo kuyo yonke imali echithwayo. Ubufakazi obunjalo busiza abanindiselayo ukuba bathuthukise kakhulu inzuzo yemali egciniwe.

Nokho, isilinganiso sobufakazi sihlala sinzima ngoba imiphumela yokudla ithonywa yizici eziningi zokwenza izinto zokwenza izinto zibe khona − ukukhula kwezomnotho, imfundo yokukhucululwa kwendle, isimo sezulu sobumama, − okulawulwa ngokwengxenye yizinhlelo zosizo. Noma kunjalo, isisindo sobufakazi sisekela isiphetho sokuthi usizo olusungulwe kahle noluthelwe kahle kwamanye amazwe lunemiphumela engcono, engcono ekunciphiseni ukungondleki.

Indima Yomthetho Wasekhaya Neyokuba Umnikazi Wesizwe

Usizo lwangaphandle luphumelela kakhulu uma luphelelisa ukuqina kwesizwe. Amazwe aye enza intuthuko esheshayo ekunciphiseni ukungondleki, njenge-Senegal, iNepal, nePeru, aye asebenzisa izimiso zawo siqu zokudla nokusetshenziswa kwemali, ngokusiza afeze indima esekelayo. Abanikazi bangasiza ekwakheni amakhono, izinhlelo zezezimali, futhi banikeze usizo lwezobuchwepheshe, kodwa ushintsho oluhlala njalo ludinga ukukhokha imali engondleni nakuqhubekela phambili kwezezendlu.

I- World Bank[ ibilokhu ingumsekeli ophambili wokwenza usizo oluhambelana namalungiselelo esizwe okudla ngokwembulunga yonke nemali yokukhokha. Lendlela iqinisekisa ukuthi usizo alusona isimiso esifanayo kodwa ingxenye ehlangene yamasu kahulumeni. Uma ohulumeni bezwe behola, basengozini kakhulu yokuhlela ukulingana, ukugcinwa, nokulandisa.

Bheka Phambili: Ikusasa Losizo Lwakwamanye Amazwe Lokudla

Indawo yosizo lwakwamanye amazwe ishintshashintsha. Ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kulindeleke ukuba kwandise ukukhula nobukhulu kwezinkinga zokudla, ikakhulukazi e-Saran Afrika engaphansi. Umqedazwe weCOVID-19 wembula ukuwohloka kwezimiso zokudla nokubaluleka kwamanetha okuphepha emphakathini. Ngokuzenzakalelayo, ukunyuka kwamathuluzi emishinini yezobuchwepheshe − njengokumapulatifomu ezempilo, ukuhlola okukude, kanye nokuthutha imali ngomakhalekhukhwini (*) kuveza amathuba amasha okunikeza usizo olungokwenzuzo nangezindleko eziphansi.

Abanikazi futhi bashintsha ukugxila ezimweni eziphuthumayo bagxile kakhulu ekuvimbeleni nasekuzikhuthazeni. I-Agency ye-International Development’s yondla ikusasa [, ngokwesibonelo, ihlanganisa ukuthuthuka kwezolimo, ukudla, kanye namandla abesifazane okusingatha izimpande zabashayeli abangondleki. Izikhundla eziningi njenge Global Nutrition Report zinikeza ukwaziswa nokulandisa kokugcina iminikelo nohulumeni bebheke ezimponqwelweni zezwe zezempilo zonyaka ka-2030.

Ukuthembisana ngasese kungomunye umkhuba ovelayo. Ukuqinisa ukudla, izilimo ezikhiqizwayo (njengovithamini A ocebile nobhontshisi bensimbi) kanye nezindlela ezintsha zokuletha izithasiselo zisungulwa ngemali yokusiza iphilanthropic nenkampani. Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation [ isebenzise kakhulu ukucwaninga ngokudla kanye nokungagunyazi, iqhubekisela phambili isibopho esikhungelelwe ekusebenziseni imvume yokungenela kobufakazi.

Isiphetho

Usizo lwangaphandle luyohlala luyithuluzi elibalulekile ekulweni nokungondleki okungokomhlaba wonke emazweni angenayo ikusasa elifinyelelwe. Lunikeza ingcebo, ubuchwepheshe, nezimiso izizwe eziningi ezingakwazi ukuzihlela ngokwazo. Uma zilawulwa kahle futhi zihambisana neziza kuqala zesizwe, usizo lunamandla okusindisa izigidi zabantu, ukuvimbela ukukhubazeka okuhlala njalo nokungondleka okungokomzimba, futhi lusiza ekunqandeni umjikelezo wenkathi ephakathi wobumpofu. Inselele eqhubekayo ayikho ukunikeza usizo, kodwa indlela yokulwenza luphumelele ngokwengeziwe, lungabangela ukuba lungaxazululeki, futhi luthathelwa phambili kakhulu amaqiniso ayinkimbinkimbi emiphakathini empofu esemhlabeni. Ukuqeda ukungondleki okunga anomgomo ophambili wokwezombangazwe kuwumgomo ophambili, ophambili, ohlakaniphile, futhi oqhubekekayo.