Umphakathi wakha itshe lentando yeningi ehlukene, esebenza njengomlamuleli obalulekile phakathi kwezwe, imakethe, kanye nomuntu ngamunye. Uhlanganisa uhide lwezinhlangano, izinhlangano, namaqembu asebenza ngokuzimele ngaphandle kokulawulwa uhulumeni, kuhlanganise nezinhlangano ezizimele, izinhlangano ezisekelwe emphakathini, izinyunyana zobugqila, amaqembu olwazi, amaqembu obuchwepheshe, kanye nezinhlangano zokuphatha izikhundla zomphakathi. Ukuqonda umphakathi kubalulekile ekuqondeni indlela izenzo ezihlanganisa ngayo ushintsho lwezenhlalo, indlela izakhamuzi ezibheka ngayo amandla, nendlela imiphakathi esingatha ngayo izidingo zayo ezibaluleke kakhulu. Lesi sihloko sihlola incazelo, izici eziyisisekelo, imisebenzi, nezindawo ezihlanganisa indawo yomphakathi, kanye nezindawo ezigxile ngokukhethekile ezinhlanganweni zomphakathi, kanye nemisebenzi egxile ezindaweni eziyinhloko ezingekho ezikoneni zotshani.

Ukuchaza Umphakathi Wangaphakathi: Umqondo Oyinkimbinkimbi Noshintshayo

Kuyona, umphakathi womphakathi ubhekisela enqubeni ebanzi yokuhlangana ngokuzithandela nobudlelwane obukhona ngaphandle kwezakhiwo zikahulumeni ezingokomthetho kanye nenzuzo engokwezentengiselwano. Iyindawo lapho izakhamuzi zihlangana khona ukuze ziphishekele izithakazelo ezifanayo, ziveza izindinganiso ezivamile, futhi zisebenzela ukuthuthukisa okuhle okufanayo. Leligama linemisuka ejulile engokomlando, kusukela eGrekinia yasendulo [i-kolitian polikē[ [izezombangazwe] kubantu abaqalishicile abakhankanyisweyo abathiwe abakha i-mfathazekile abathiwe yindawo yemfanelo yomphakathi nenkulumo enengqondo. Kuyisayensi yanamuhla yezombangazwe, umphakathi uchazwa ka-oral geography

  • Ukuncitshiswa:[ Izinhlangano zomphakathi (CSOs) zihlukene ngokwezimiso nombuso. Nakuba zingathola izimali zikahulumeni noma zisebenzisane ngenkambiso, zilondoloza ukubusa okuzimele nokwenza izinqumo.
  • Ubuvolunta:[ Ukuhlanganyela kungokokuzithandela. Abantu ngabanye bajoyina noma basekele i-CSOs ngenxa yokuqiniseka komuntu siqu, ubugovu, noma isithakazelo esifanayo, hhayi ukuphoqelela.
  • [ Isenzo sokuzinza: Lezinto zihlanganisa izinjongo ezithandwayo ngabanye, zisiza izakhamuzi ukuba zifinyelele imiphumela engeke yenzeke kuphela, njengokukha isikhungo somphakathi, ukusekela imithetho yendawo ezungezile, noma ukunikeza ukukhululeka kwenhlekelele.
  • Inzuzo ye-Public Guide: Nakuba amanye ama-CSO efeza izithakazelo zamalungu (umz., ukuhlangana kochwepheshe), abaningi bazimisele ngokucacile ukuzuzisa umphakathi obanzi, ikakhulukazi oncishiswe ngokwezinga eliphansi noma ogciniwe.
  • I-Plathoism: Umphakathi womphakathi uhlukene ngokwemvelo, uhlanganisa izinhlobonhlobo zemibono, izinkolo, izinhlanga, nezindawo eziphikisanayo. Lokhu kuhlanganisa imithombo yokuzivuselela nokusungula.
  • Ukubambisana noma ukuhlanganisa i- Comptive Relations noHulumeni: ama-CSO angasebenza nezinhlangano zikahulumeni ukuze anikeze izinkonzo, aphikise izimiso zikahulumeni ngokuqapha, noma enze njengomagada ohlola ubuqotho bomphakathi.

Ukuqondwa kwenhlangano yomphakathi kwamanje kuhlanganisa futhi imiphakathi ye-digitations , imiphakathi yezokuxhumana, kanye nezimiso ezihlanganisa ukunqamula imingcele. Lokhu "umphakathi womphakathi" kuye kwandisa inkundla yezivumelwano zomphakathi, nakuba futhi kuveza izinselele ezintsha ngokuqanjwa noma ukuqashwa. Kusemkhakheni wenkolelo yomphakathi, abafundi bangahlola umsebenzi wezazi ezinjengoHelmut Anier, noma ukuhlola ICIVIUS Monitor , okuthatha isisekelo sempilo yomphakathi womphakathi womphakathi womphakathi womphakathi embulukweni.

Indima Nezinhlobonhlobo Zezinhlangano Ezingazuzi Inzuzo Emzabalazweni Wangaphakathi

Izinhlangano ezingafaki nzuzo (NPO) ziyizinhlangano ezibonakala kakhulu nezihlelwayo zomphakathi. Ziyizinhlangano ezisemthethweni ezisebenza ngaphansi kwempoqo "enganikezeli""" phela noma iyiphi insalela yemali kumele ibuyiselwe kumsebenzi kunokuba idluliselwe kubanikazi noma abanikazi. Izindawo ezingahambisani nenzuzo ibhuloho phakathi komusa womuntu ngamunye namakhambi asemthethweni, ukunikeza izinkonzo, ukukhuthaza izinguquko zenqubo, kanye nezibopho zomphakathi. Indima zazo zingabekwa ngokuhlukana phakathi kwezinhlobo ezinhlanu ezisekelwe emsebenzini oyinhloko:

1. Inzuzo yenkonzo

Lezinhlangano zinikeza usizo oluqondile kubantu ngabanye nasemiphakathini, ngokuvamile zigcwalisa amagebe ashiywe izinkonzo zomphakathi eziphansi. Izibonelo zihlanganisa amabhange okudla, izindawo zokuhlala ezingenamakhaya, imitholampilo yamahhala, izinhlangano zosizo lwenhlekelele (isib. iRed Cross), nezinhlelo zokufundisa. Emazweni amaningi, inzuzo engakhi iyisisekelo samanetha okuphepha ezenhlalo, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinjengemfundo yasekuqaleni, ukunakekela kwabadala, kanye nokusekela kwempilo yengqondo.

2. Izinhlangano Zokucwaninga Nezemfundo

Le zinhlangano ze-CSO zigxila ekuthonyeni inqubo yomphakathi, ukuguqula inkulumo yeningi, nokubeka isisekelo. Zisukela emaqenjini amakhulu, angochwepheshe anjenge-Amnesty International ne-Sierra Club kuya kumaqednal'encane, asendaweni elwela izinguquko zokwakha noma inguquko yamaphoyisa. Izinhlangano zezempatho zamaphoyisa zisebenzisa ukucwaninga, ukunxusa, ukuphehla izintambo, kanye nokukhuthaza utshani ukuze zithuthukise izimbangela ezinjengesivikelo sendawo ezungezile, amalungelo abantu, ubulungisa bezinhlanga, nempilo yomphakathi. Zibalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi amazwi alulazayo azwakala ezinqubweni zentando yeningi.

3. Amaqembu Omphakathi Nama - Grassot

Ngokuvamile ngokwethukela futhi ngezisebenzi zokuzithandela, lamaqembu aphuma ezindaweni zendawo ukuze abhekane nezinkinga ezithile ezihlanganyelweyo − kusukela ekwakheni ingadi yomphakathi kuya ekuhleleni umgadi womphakathi noma ukuqhuba umkhosi wesiko. Izinhlangano zeGrassroot ziyigazi lentando yeningi yokuthatha izitho zokwehlukana, ukuthuthukisa ukubambisana kwezenhlalo nokuhola kwendawo. Ziphumelela kakhulu ekwakheni ukuthembana nokusungula izinto ezintsha, ukuxazulula umongo ngokucatshangedwa.

4. Izinhlangano Zobuchwepheshe Nezohwebo

Lezizinzuzo ezingasekelwe ekuzingeni ezisiza ekufezeni izithakazelo zemisebenzi ethile noma izimboni − njengezihlangene zebhange, imiphakathi yezokwelapha, nemikhandlu yobunjiniyela. Zinikeza i-webhrate, imfundo eqhubekayo, izindinganiso zokuziphatha, nokuzibandakanya kwamalungu azo. Nakuba ngokuyinhloko zifeza izithakazelo zangaphakathi, zisiza futhi emphakathini ngokuthuthukisa ukulandisa kobuchwepheshe nokushintshana kobuchwepheshe.

5. Izinhlangano Ezingokwenkolo Nezisekelwe Ukholo

AmaSonto, amathempeli, amasinagoge, nezinye izikhungo zokholo ziphakathi kwezinhlobo ezindala kakhulu zomphakathi womphakathi. Ngaphandle kwesiqondiso esingokomoya, ngokuvamile ziphethe izinhlelo zokusiza abasweleyo, izikole, izibhedlela, nezikhungo zomphakathi. Izinhlangano ezisekelwe kukholo zihlukile ekhonweni lazo lokuhlanganisa izinhlangano ezinkulu zokuzithandela futhi zinikeze izimiso zokuziphatha ezizolungisa umsebenzi womphakathi. Nokho, kumelwe ziqondise ukungezwani phakathi kwezinkolelo zezimfundiso nezindinganiso zomphakathi wezwe ezingokwezinkolo.

Isikali sengxenye engazuzi nzuzo sikhulu. E-United States kuphela, kunenzuzo ebhaliwe engaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-5,5 enikela cishe ngezigidi zezigidi zamaRandi ezomnotho minyaka yonke, ngokwe- National Center for Charitable Statistics eUrban Institute[. Ingxenye yomhlaba wonke isebenzisa amashumi ezigidi zabantu futhi ifaka izigidigidi zezisebenzi zokuzithandela, okuyenza ibe yithonya elikhulu kokubili kwezomnotho nasemphakathini.

Imisebenzi Yomphakathi: Ukusakaza, Ukukhonza, Nokuguqula

Umphakathi wangaphakathi wenza imisebenzi eminingana ebalulekile esekela ukubusa kwentando yeningi nobungqabavu bezenhlalo:

  • Ukuhlanganisa phakathi kweZwe neSizwe: CSOs isebenza njengesikhawu, ithumela izikhalo nezimfuno zabantu ngabanye ekuhlanganeni okuhleliwe, okwakhayo nohulumeni. Zisiza ekuguquleni izinkathazo zomuntu siqu ezimpikiswaneni zomphakathi futhi zisize ukuthuthukisa ingxoxo phakathi kwabenzi bezimiso nemiphakathi ethintekile.
  • Izenzuzo ezingezona izinkonzo ezidingekile zinikeza izinkonzo ezidingekayo("kukunakekelwa kwezempilo nemfundo yosizo olungokomthetho nosizo oluphuthumayo", ngokuvamile kufikelelwa kubantu ababuswa ohulumeni nezimakethe. Lendima yenkonzo inciphisa umthwalo ezimisweni zomphakathi futhi ingathatha izindlela ezintsha eziba inqubo yomphakathi kamuva.
  • Izinhlangano zezezimali zithatha ukulandisa ngemithetho: ziqondisa uhulumeni nokuziphatha kwezinhlangano, zidalula ukonakala, ukuxhashazwa kwamalungelo abantu, nokulimala kwendawo ezungezile. Ngokunikeza i-ligiation, umbiko wokucwaninga, ukubika komphakathi, nokunxusa kwezizwe zonke, ziphoqelela ukuba ukubonakala futhi ziqikelele izindinganiso ezingokomthetho nezezimiso zokuziphatha.
  • Ukuhlanganisa i-Civic Accement and Social City: Izikole zentando yeningi. Zifundisa amakhono anjengokuhlela imihlangano, ukuphikisana, ukuphatha uhlelo lwemali, nokusebenza ngokubambisana. Ingxenye yakha ukwethembana, ukuqunga, ukuhlanganisa, kanye nemiphakathi yenhlokodolobha yezenhlalo eyenza imiphakathi ikwazi ukumelana futhi ixhumene. URobert Putnam's sandmental, Bowling Alowling [, yanikeza ubufakazi obudumile ngendlela okuthi ukuncipha kwenani lezinhlangano zomphakathi kuqeda ngayo ukwethembana kwezenhlalo eUnited States.
  • Ukuguqula iPlationism nePrivention Minority Rights: umphakathi womphakathi unikeza amaqembu angaphansi (iqembu elincane) i-LGBTQ+ abantu abakhubazekile, nabanye (ukuhlela, ukuveza ukuthi bangobani, nokuzisholo. Umphakathi oqinile uyisivikelo ekucindezeleni kweningi.
  • Izixazululo zokuvula: Inzuzo ezingezinzuzo ngokuvamile zishesha kakhulu kunezinhlangano zikahulumeni ze-bureaucraccacs noma izinhlangano zenzuzo. Bangazama ngezindlela ezintsha zokunciphisa ubumpofu, icebo lokuxabana, ukuvikela indawo ezungezile, kanye nempilo yomphakathi futhi balinganise lokho okusebenza ngobudlelwane nohulumeni noma nebhizinisi.

Izinselele Zomphakathi Wangaphakathi Ekhulwini Lama - 21

Naphezu kwendima yalo ebucayi, umphakathi ubhekene nezingozi ezinkulu ezisongela ukuphumelela kwawo, futhi ezindaweni eziningi, khona kanye ukuba khona kwawo.

Ukunciphisa Izindawo Ezinemisebe

Emananini ashaqisayo amazwe, ohulumeni balinganisela ngentshiseko ikhono le-CSOs lokusebenza. Le "isikhala" zihlanganisa imithetho evimbelayo ngokwezimali yakwamanye amazwe, izimfuneko zokubhalisa ezisindayo, ukuqapha nokuhlupha abashisekeli, kanye nokususa umehluko oqondile ekuphikisaneni. Izwe lombiko weDemocracy we-ISC ubhale ukuncipha okuthatha iminyaka eyishumi emkhathini womphakathi emhlabeni wonke. Ngisho nasezindaweni ezisungulweyo, izithiyo nezithiyo nezigwebo zezombangazwe ezingekho nzuzo (umz.g.0], ezibabiza ngokuthi "izithunywa ze-RGreversaltic "") zenza umphumela ohlaza.

Ukusekela Izinhlangano Nokukhathala Okuyinzuzo

Imisebenzi eminingi engakhiqizi isebenza emaceleni emalini ensingo, incike ezinkokhelweni zemali, iminikelo, nezivumelwano zikahulumeni ezivame ukuba yisikhashana futhi ziqondene neprojekthi. Ukuntengantenga kwezomnotho, izinto eziza kuqala ezishintshayo, nokuncintisana ngezimali zokusiza abaphi namathuba okungalondeki njalo ngokwezimali. Lokhu kungaphoqelela izinhlangano ukuba zihlele imali elungiselelweni, zinciphe isilinganiso sokukhokhela ukubuyisana kwazo ukuze zishwe, noma zivale ngisho nokuvala uma zifuna imali enkulu.

Izinkinga Zomphakathi Nezokwethembana

Imibono engalungile ngezindleko ezingazuzisi phezulu, amahlazo ahlanganisa ukusetshenziswa kabi kwezimali, kanye nokukhula kwezinhlangano "i-astraturf" (amaqembu otshani axhaswe yizinzuzo zenkampani) iye yaqeda ukwethemba umphakathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye izingxenye zombono womphakathi njengendlela yokungenela igebe eliphazamisayo, ilulaza ukufaneleka komphakathi njengethonya elingathathi hlangothi lokuhle.

Ukushintsha Izombangazwe Nokukhetha

Emiphakathini ehlukene kakhulu, i-CSOs ingaba yizimpi ezilwayo ezihlukanisayo, ilahlekelwe ukuthembeka kwayo njengabadlali abangakhethi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ohulumeni bangasekela umphakathi wezakhamuzi ngemali nangokukhuthaza izinhlangano ezivumelana nezinhlelo zabo lapho zilulaza noma zigxeka labo abagxekayo. Lokhu kunciphisa ukuzimela kwalengxenye kanye nekhono layo lokulwa namandla ombuso.

Ukungasetshenziswa Kwezinombolo Nokwaziswa

Nakuba ubuchwepheshe buye benza ukuba kube nezindlela ezintsha zokuhlela, futhi kuye kwanyuswa ukuqamba amanga, inkulumo yenzondo, kanye nemikhankaso yokuhlukumeza ehlangene. Imithetho yezenhlalo ingavuza intukuthelo ngenxa yenkulumo ecaciswe, yenza kube nzima ngomphakathi ukuba uthuthukise ingxoxo eyakhayo. Ukusongela komphakathi, izinkathazo zemininingwane, nokuhlukanisa kwezemishini nakho kubangele izingozi ezisebenzayo. Ukungangeni manani kumelwe manje kufake imali ekufundeni ulwazi, ukulondeka, kanye nokubusa kwesikhululo uma kuqhubeka nomsebenzi wabo.

Ukutubeka Kwezisebenzi Nokuphumelela

Ingxenye engazuzisi ifuna izinga eliphakeme lokusebenza ngokomzwelo nokuzimela, kodwa ikhokhela kakhulu kunemisebenzi yenzuzo noma yemisebenzi kahulumeni. Ukwenaba kuholela emsebenzini onzima, ukujika kakhulu, nobunzima bokudonsa italente ehlukahlukene. Amapayipi alawulayo asekelayo asebenza ngokunenzuzo. [1] Ikakhulukazi ezinhlanganweni eziholayo eziholwa abesifazane nabantu abanombala.

Ikusasa Lomphakathi Wangaphakathi: Ukuzivumelanisa Nokushintsha Nokubuyiselwa

Ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nalezinselele futhi kuhlale kufanelekile ezweni elishintsha ngokushesha, umphakathi wezakhamuzi kumelwe uvele. Ukuthambekela okuyinhloko kanye namasu kulololonga icebo lawo lesikhathi esizayo:

Ukushintsha Kwezinombolo Nokuhlanganyela Kwezinqubo Ezisansimbi

Izinhlangano zixuba kakhulu amasu e-inthanethi nangaphandle kolayini. Iziteshi zezezinombolo zivumela ukuqoqwa kwenani elikhulu (umzk., i-#MeToo kanye ne-stuping transmittery yemotulet), ukuqoqa imali ngemikhankaso yontanga ukuya ku-injini, kanye ne-data efakwa ngaphandle kolayini. Nokho, izinzuzo kumelwe zikwazi ukubhekana nezingozi zobandlululo lwemithetho-algoricism, i-inthanethingi, kanye nokuhlola i-tepulture. Ukusondela "ogal-oply kodwa hhayi nje kwemisebe" kubonakala kusekela kakhulu, kulondoloza ubuso besakhiwo esiphathekayo ngesikhathi isakhiwo sobuchwepheshe sifinyelela.

Ukuhlanganisa

Izinkinga ezicindezela kakhulu zembulunga yonke `inguquko, ukungalingani, imiqedazwe, imiqedazwe, ingenakuxazululwa umphakathi womphakathi wodwa. Ngokuqhubekayo, inzuzo ihlela ukubambisana okuhleliwe namabhizinisi (umthwalo ohlangene nomphakathi, ukuvota) ohulumeni (izinhlangano zomphakathi), nezinhlangano zezemfundo (ukuhlola nokuhlola). Ukubambisana okuphumelelayo kudinga ukulawulwa okucacile, ukuhlanganyelwa, kanye nokuzinikela kokulandisana. World Economic Forum's Superation Impactive Implificity

Gxila Ekulondolozweni Nezinqubo Ezishintshayo

Inzuzo ayihambile ngaphandle kokusiza ngokuqondisisa izimbangela eziyinhloko. Lokhu kusho ukusekela izinguquko zezimiso zezenhlala- kahle, izimiso ezishintshayo zezenhlalo, kanye nokuthonya izakhiwo zezentengiselwano. Ngokwesibonelo, ibhange lokudla lingase lenze umkhankaso wokuthola iholo lokuphila nezindlu ezibiza imali eshibhile. Izinhlangano eziningi zihlanganisa ukulondolozwa kwendawo ezungezile emisebenzini yazo (isib., izakhiwo eziluhlaza, izakhiwo zecarbon) kanye nokuhlelwa kwezimali isikhathi eside phakathi kwemisebenzi nemisebenzi yezenhlalo.

Ukuhwebelana Kwembulunga Yonke Nobunye Bezizwe Zonke

Njengoba izinselele ziqala ukungabi namingcele, umphakathi uhlela i-International NGOs (INGOs), izinhlangano zobulungisa bembulunga yonke, kanye nezimiso ze-open Government Prineshiship ezixhumanisa abashisekeli be-Roumentinears emazwekazini. Lomphakathi wezwe lonke ungahlanganyela imisebenzi emihle kakhulu, ucindezele izinhlangano nezinhlangano zezizwe, futhi unikeze ukubambisana emaqenjini endawo ekucindezeleni. Nokho, kumelwe futhi balawule imingcele engokokuziphatha, ukulingana kwamandla, kanye nengozi yokubhekwa njenge-procendial - compliter.

Ukucaca Okukhulayo Nokulandisa

Ukuze kwakhiwe kabusha ukwethembana, izinzuzo eziningi ezingakhi zivumelana nokubonakala okusheshayo ((-papubless shote disciptions, ispects, nenqubo yokulawula. Imishini elawulayo, lapho abazuzisi nabahlali benamandla okwenza izinqumo, bazuza khona. Izimiso ze-Crectist neziqondiso zezimiso zokuhle zisiza ekuhlukaniseni ama-CSO athembekile emaqenjini angaphambili.

Ukuzuza Abaholi Nezinhlobonhlobo Zokuphila

Abazifuneli inzuzo bayaqaphela ukuthi ukuphumelela kwabo kuxhomeke ekwahlukaneni kwamaqembu abo. Ukuhola okuhlanganisa ubunkomfa, ubulili, isigaba, indawo ezungezile, nokukhubazeka − kuletha izinkinga ezingcono nokulunga. Izinhlelo ezifundisa abaholi abanotshani, zithuthukisa ukulingana komsebenzi, futhi zinikeza imbuyiselo yokuncintisana zibalulekile ekwakheni umsebenzi ozinzile.

Ekuphetheni, umphakathi wezakhamuzi — ogunyazwe ukunikezelwa kwenzuzo, amaqembu omphakathi, kanye nezisebenzi zokuzithandela − kuhlala kuyinqaba ebaluleke kakhulu yemiphakathi yentando yeningi. Yinkundla lapho izakhamuzi zisho khona izinhlangano zazo, ziveza izindinganiso zazo, futhi zibumba izwe elifuna ukulihlala. Ngokuqonda imisebenzi yazo, ngokusekela ukukhula kwazo, nokuvikela indawo yazo ekungeneni, siqinisekisa ukuthi amazwi amaningi, hhayi nje anamandla, azwakala ekwakheni ikusasa elilungile nelisekelayo.