Ubuhlobo phakathi kwegunya likahulumeni nezwe e-United States buyisici esichazayo sokubusa kwaseMelika, kodwa busenye yezici ezinamandla neziphikisanayo zesimiso somthetho-sisekelo. Féderalism .(ukuhlukaniswa kwamandla phakathi kukahulumeni wesizwe nezwe) kwakuklanyelwe ukulinganisela ubunye bendawo, kodwa imingcele yalemibuso ayicacile ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, imigqa iye yafiphaza njengamazinga ohulumeni agunyaza izifunda ngokulinganayo. Ukuqonda indlela lamandla asebenza ngayo asebenza ngokusebenza ngendlela ekwazi ukuqonda ubunkimbinkimbinkimbi, ukuchaza okungokomthetho, ngisho nokuphila kwansuku zonke. Lesi sihloko sihlola izibonelo zangempela zezwe ezihambelanayo zombuso nemibuso ehlangene, inikeza ukuhlelwa ngokuningi kokuhlanganisa yonke lemfundo nempilo ezindaweni ezihlukene.

Izisekelo ZobuFalistism

I-Federalism e-United States isekelwe eMthethweni womthetho-sisekelo, onika amagunya aqondile abekwe kuhulumeni wezwe kuyilapho egcina wonke amanye amagunya ngaphansi kweSichibiyelo seshumi. Nokho lesi simiso siye saqala ngokuphawulekayo kusukela esikhathini sokusungulwa. I-ugamente yaseMelika yalandela isibonelo samazwe amabili, ngokuvamile ebizwa ngokuthi uhulumeni , lapho uhulumeni nohulumeni wezwe besebenza khona ezifundeni ezihlukene. Isibonelo, uhulumeni wezwe waphatha intengiselwano yezohwebo, izindaba zangaphandle, nezokuvikela izwe, kuyilapho amazwe ekwazi ukulawula, imfundo, nezentengiselwano. Nokho, izenzakalo ezinjenge-New Counivern Rights, i-Movial Movement, nokwanda kwezinhlelo ezinikezwa yizinhlelo ze-RGenetic [FFF] [2], i-Foctivementation, nemithwalo yemisebenzi ehlangene yombuso wombuso wombuso wombuso.[3]

Kuhulumeni obambisanayo, umehluko phakathi kwegunya lombuso nohulumeni ngokuvamile uyafiphaza, ikakhulukazi uma imigomo ebanzi yobuzwe idinga ukufezeka kwendawo. Lokhu kungaveza kokubili ukungezwani nokungezwani. Ngokwesibonelo, uhulumeni unika izivumelwano zezakhiwo zezesisekelo, ezobudokotela, nemfundo uvela nezimo ezidonsela isimiso sikahulumeni ngokuphumelelayo ngokomthetho ngokomthetho. Okwamanje, ngezinye izikhathi, zisho ukuthi uhlehlisela emuva ngokumisa izincazelo zazo siqu ezingokomthetho noma ngisho nokukhipha umthetho ongqubuzana ngokuqondile nomthetho wombuso. Umphumela uwukushintsha njalo kwezindawo zezindawo ezilawulwayo ezidinga ukuqondisa okucophelelayo okuqondiswe abaqondisi bemithetho, abameli, nabaqondisi bemithetho.

Imicabango Eyisihluthulelo Ekusebenziseni Igunya Ngokweqile

Imibono eminingi engokomthetho nengokwezombangazwe isiza ekuchazeni indlela amagunya angenanayo abonakala ngayo. Intethelelo iyenzeka lapho umthetho kazwelonke uthatha indawo ekhethekile, noma ngokuqondene nayo. Ngokuphambene, [[[FLT:]] imibuso ekhona inguleyo ehlanganyelwe yiyo yomibili imikhawulo, njengamandla entela, ukuboleka imali, nokumisa izinkantolo. [[FLT:] ubukhosi obuthile [[FLT:] obunye] buvumela kokubili ohulumeni ukuba bahlule ubugebengu obuphula imithetho yomibili. [isimiso esiye sasekelwa yiNkakhulu.] Okokugcina, [FLT: FFFFFF] [FFFFF] idla isilinganiso esithile ngokungafanele, nakuba ivikele ezinye izindlela zayo ezisebenza ngokungenangqondo. Izibonelo ezikhona ngempela.

Izibonelo Zezwe Langempela Zamandla Aphakeme

Izingxenye ezilandelayo zihlola izindawo ezithile ezingokomthetho lapho igunya likahulumeni nohulumeni lihlangana khona, ngokuvamile lidala isimiso sokubusa ngokuhlanganyelwa nokuxabana ngezikhathi ezithile. Isibonelo ngasinye siqokomisa indlela ukulinganisela kwamandla okushintsha ngayo kuye ngempikiswano, isimo sezulu sezombangazwe, nencazelo engokomthetho.

1. Imfundo

Imfundo ngokwesiko iwumsebenzi wezwe nezwe, nohlelo lwezifundo zemfundo, uku-othisha, nokuxhasa izikole. Nokho, uhulumeni wezwe uye wawasebenzisa kakhulu amandla awo okusebenzisa imali ukuthonya isimiso semfundo. Elementary neSecondary Education Act (EA) , okokuqala idluliswe ngo-1965 futhi i-Reved Revid egunyazwelwe kakhulu njenge-Act (ESA) ngo-2015, inikeza izigidi zezigidi zezimali ezingokomthetho ukudlulisela ukuvumelana kwezinto eziza kuqala zesizwe njengokuhlola okuvamile, ukulandisa, ukulandisa izimfuneko ezingokomthetho. Ngokufanayo, [FOLD:] i-Invidiedult (EFUT) ngemfundo exPUT) ngo-AFURG: [5] i-odcivelcentine yezemfundo esemthethweni yezemfundo yomphakathi, i-oddictiondition, futhi i-oddictiondictiondictiondiation, abafundi basesikole sesikole sezwe.

Izwe linendlela ebanzi yokuzilawula, kodwa izimo zikahulumeni ngokuvamile zihlela ukumiswa kwalezinhlelo. Ngokwesibonelo, izifunda-mazwe kumelwe zithobele amasu oMnyango Wemfundo wase-U.S. ezichaza indlela ezizosebenzisa ngayo izimali zikahulumeni, futhi zisengozini yokulahlekelwa izimali uma zihluleka ukuhlangabezana nezimpawu ezithile zebhentshi. Lokhu kuye kwabangela izingxabano, ikakhulukazi ngokuphathelene nezimfuneko zokuhlola nendima kahulumeni wezwe ezinqunyiwe ezinqumweni zesikole sendawo. Amanye amazwe aye afuna ukuvumelana nemithetho engokomthetho enkantolo. Izimpikiswano zamuva nje ezigxeka inkolelo yohlanga, ukuvinjelwa kwezincwadi, nemithetho yabafundi iveza indlela amasiko nezombangazwe ezanda ngayo lapho kokubili uhulumeni nezokudlala isikole zibanga igunya lemfundo.

Ukunakekelwa kwempilo

Ukunakekela impilo mhlawumbe kuyinkundla evelele kakhulu yamagunya azimeleyo ekhulwini lama-21. Uhulumeni unikeza iMedicare, i-Veterans Health Administration, kanye ne-Affordhable Care Act (ACA) iziphakamiso zezokunakekela izinhlelo zeMedicaid, futhi uqondisa impilo yomphakathi. Madicaid iyisibonelo esivelele sobuzwelonke sobuzwe: uhulumeni umisa izindinganiso ezilinganiselwe, ulingana nokusetshenziswa kwemishuwa, futhi udinga ukumboza imiphakathi ethile (njengezingane ezingenisa imali ephansi, abesifazane abakhulelwe, futhi abantu abakhubazekile) ngokuhleleka kahle ukuze bathole izimali. Kodwa amazwe anezimo ezivelele ekuhleleni izinhlelo zawo zokubambisana, kuhlanganise nokuhlanganisa nokuhlela izinhlelo ezingokomthetho ze-ACA.

I-ACA ngokwayo ibiyindawo ebanzi yokulwa kwezwe. Ngemva kokudlula kwayo, isho ukuthi iphoqelelwe ukuba yandise iMedicaid futhi idinge imfuneko yokwandisa izimali. Kusukela lapho, amazwe amaningi aye andisa, kodwa amaningi awazange abangele ukuchitha intengo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhulumeni wezwe liye lasebenzisa igunya lawo ukulawula amanani ezidakamizwa ezigunyaza, nakuba amazwe aye athatha izimpikiswano zokufakwa kwezidakamizwa ezidayisa izidakamizwa namanani okusandleka. I-OVID iqokomele ukusakaza lemali ngokusakaza lemijongo, i-offralkthi esakaza lemijov, i-offallkthi esakaza i-offal, futhi i-offalord ikhipha iziyalezo zezentengo yomphakathi, futhi ikhipha iziyalezo zezentengobo yomphakathi.

3. Ukubuyiselwa Kwendawo Ezungezile

Isimiso sendawo ezungezile sisebenza ngaphansi kwesimiso lapho uhulumeni kahulumeni kazwelonke emisa khona izindinganiso zesizwe futhi izifundazwe zingasebenzisa imithetho eqinile. Umthetho womoya ohlanzekile kanye [FLT] ne Lic Mati acc: inika amandla i-U.S. Environmental Protection Agement (EPA) yokumisa izinga eliphansi kakhulu lomoya nelezinga eliphezulu, kodwa la mazwe angasebenzisa igunya eligunyawe ukuphatha izinhlelo zawo siqu zokulalela. ICalifornia ijabulela indawo ekhethekile ngaphansi kwe-Celeoc Airct: ingafuna izintambo ze-evision ezisuka e-EPA, ngokuvamile okuyizindinganiso eziqinile kunezindinganiso zombuso, nezinye izigaba ezingakhetha ukwamukela izindinganiso ze-California. Le simiso sihoxa esiphambili se-California, ngenxa yezindlela ezihlukene kakhulu zokukhipha izimoto ezinjalo.

Ukusheshisa futhi kudala ukuxabana. Uhulumeni kahulumeni kahulumeni ungafuna ukuqeda imithetho yendawo ezungezile engqubuzana nesimiso sombuso, njengoba kubonakala ezimpikiswaneni zokukhishwa kwegesi ezimbonini zikagesi noma igesi efudumezayo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngezinye izikhathi u-hulumeni ucela ukuphoqelela uhulumeni ukuba athathe isinyathelo esiqinile ezindabeni ezinjengoshintsho lwesimo sezulu noma ukubekela inselele ukuvinjelwa kwemithetho yendawo ezungezile. I-EPA isebenzisa nezinhlelo ezinjenge-Superfund (ukuhlanza okuyingozi) ekusebenzelaneni nezinhlangano zikahulumeni. Kuzo zonke lezi zenzakalo, ukuhlanganisana kwegunya nomthetho kahulumeni kuveza isimo esiyinkimbinkimbi esivumelana nokushintsha izinto zezombangazwe.

4. Ubulungisa Besigebengu Nokulondeka Komphakathi

Ubulungisa becala ngokuyinhloko buwumsebenzi kahulumeni, namaphoyisa, nezinkantolo, namajele asebenza esifundeni nasendaweni. Nokho, imithetho kahulumeni nezinhlangano zifeza indima ebalulekile, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinqamule imigqa yesifundazwe noma ezihilela izithakazelo zesizwe. Féderal Bureaument of Investigation (FLT)[FL:] [[FLT]] [1] ihlola izimfuneko ezisekela ukuthengiselwa kwezibhamu, kuyilapho kusho ukuthi ukukhomba kwemigqa okungokomthetho kazwelo, ukushushumbisa izidakamizwa ezinqamule imigqa yesifundazwe, i-ibercrime, i-ibercrime, ne-thelel. Imithetho enjenge [[FLT] [FLT:]]GUnit] Act [FLT] [FLT: [FF:3]G3] I-sGUM, inikeza iziyalezo ezisemfayondyezo zokwelapha zempi, kodwa ikhiphele, kodwa ingundamu, i-Smumumu, inikeza iziphakalela eku

Lempi iye yabekwa ngokuphindaphindiwe. Izinkantolo ziye zasekela ubukhulu bukahulumeni ngaphansi kwe-CSA, kodwa igatsha eliphethe ngokuvamile liye lakhetha ukungamangaleli imisebenzi kahulumeni. Enye indawo yengxabano ukugcinwa kwezokufuduka. Nakuba uhulumeni wezwe unegunya elikhethekile kumthetho wokufuduka, izikhulu ziye zamisa imithetho efuna ukubambisana nezikhulu zezezezezokufuduka zikahulumeni noma ukugodlelana okunjalo, okuphumela ezimpini zenkantolo eziphethe amandla ombuso. Imfundiso yobukhosi obumbaxa-mbili ivumela futhi kokubili ukumiswa kwesivumelwano sombuso kanye nezikhulu zikahulumeni ukuba kuvunyelwe ngesibonelo esifanayo, izikhulu ezihilelekile ekubulaweni kukaGeorge Flod zibhekene nezinkantolo zombili eziphethe zecala nohulumeni. Lezi zibonelo zibonisa isimo esiphambaleleyo segunya lomthetho wobugebengu nemiphumela ewusizo.

5. Ukuqashelwa Ngokomthetho: Impi Ephilayo

Mhlawumbe akukho mpikiswano ebonisa kangcono ukucindezeleka kwemithetho yenkasa elawulayo kunenkambiso yensangu. Kusukela ngo-2025, ngaphezu kwengxenye yesifundazwe sase-U.S. kuye kwabhaliswa i-cannabis ukuba isetshenziswe kwezokwelapha, futhi inani elifanayo lokusebenzisa ukuzijabulisa. Nokho uhulumeni uyaqhubeka ebheka insangu njengeqokomiso elawulayo ngaphansi kwe-CSA, okusho ukuthi akuvunyelwe ngokomthetho ukukhiqiza, ukusasaza, noma ukuba nenkani ngaphansi komthetho kahulumeni. Lokhu kungavumelani kuphoqeqe ukuba uMnyango Wezomthetho wezomthetho ukhiphe i-ctrandada (njenge-Cole Meyandrandum, kamuva uyayeka) ukuchaza izinto eziza kuqala zokugcinwa kwemithetho, ishiya izimakethena zikahulumeni endaweni empungala. Naphezu kwemizamo yezikhathi ezithile yokubuyisela noma ukukhipha insangu ephuma ngomlomo nge-Colle Colle Colle Berlancerday ihambation iqhubeke i-204.

Imiphumela esebenzayo isobala: Abalimi abasemthethweni bangase basebenze obala kuyilapho besakwazi ukuquliswa; amabhange nezikweletu ziyanqikaza ukukhonza imboni ngenxa yemithetho kahulumeni yokuthungatha; futhi intengiselwano yesifundazwe ihlala ingenakwenzeka ngenxa yokuthutha insangu ezindaweni zikahulumeni iphula umthetho kahulumeni. Izinselele zeNkantolo ziye zalokhu zisekela ubukhulu bukahulumeni, kodwa i-Congress isebenzise abagibeli be-appropries (umz., i-Rocracer·Blamorementment) ukuvimbela uMnyango wobulungisa ekuchitheni izimali zempinda encithamela imicimbi yenkasamo yezo yezomshaya. Lesi sibonelo sembula indlela imibuso eshesha ngayo ukuveza iqiniso elinciphileyo (umz. g.69, futhi i-stuaced , ukuguqula i-mosss.

6. Ukusabela Kwenhlekelele Nokulawula Kwezimo Eziphuthumayo

Izinhlekelele zemvelo `Hurricanes, imililo yequbula, izikhukhula, izibhebhezi, ukuthatha isinyathelo esikhulu phakathi kwezezimo zikahulumeni. Umthetho [FLT] unikeza uhulumeni wezwe indima eyinhloko ekunikezeni usizo ezindaweni nasemasimini nge-Federal Emergency Management Agency Agency (FEMA), kodwa amazwe agcina ukuhola ekuqondiseni imisebenzi ephuthumayo enhlabathini yawo. Umbusi kumelwe acele isimemezelo senhlekelele sikahulumeni ngaphambi kokuba i-FEMA ikwazi ukusakaza imithombo yezentengiselwano, futhi izinhlangano zezokuphatha izifunda zikahulumeni zihambisane nezinhlangano zezindawo ezihlangene. Lokhu kuholele ekuphumeleleni nokuxazulu, njengoba kuboniswa phakathi nokusabela kweSiphepho sase-CHOVA -19, lapho izinqoloba, lapho izibalo, nokugoma kwe-'ekhothoni, futhi kudinga ukubambisana kweminye ukugcinyolwa kwe-osa i-mo ye-om.

Lo mqedazwe wabonisa indlela igunya elidluliselwa ngayo lingaba amandla nobuthakathaka. Uhulumeni wasebenzisa ukugunyazwa nokuqondiswa kwawo ukuze usheshise ukukhiqizwa komjovo nokukhiqizwa, kuyilapho ohulumeni bombuso bekhipha iziyalezo zokuhlala ekhaya, imingcele yebhizinisi, kanye nezifihlabuso. Uma ababusi abathile benqaba iziqondiso zikahulumeni obala, ukuphatha ekuqaleni kwakuxhomeke ekunxenxweni nasekuxhaseni kwezimali kunokuphoqelelwa okungokomthetho. Umphumela wawuwumsebenzi owehlukene wemithetho ehlukene enqamula imigqa yombuso, uveza indlela ukulinganisela phakathi kweyunifomu nokulawula kwendawo okusebenza ngayo ngesikhathi esingokoqobo. Impikiswano iyaqhubeka ukuthi uhulumeni wezwe kufanele ube negunya elinamandla lokulawula izimo zempilo zomphakathi noma ukuthi kufanele ubambelele ekulawuleni.

7. Ukukhangisa Nokukhetha

Izinqumo ezikhishwa e-United States ziqondiswa kakhulu yizifundazwe, ezimisa amahora okuvota, izindawo zovota, izinqubo zokubhalisa, kanye namabalazwe. Nokho, imithetho kahulumeni enjenge ivoting Rights Act ka-655 [VLT] [[VLT:], [[FLT]] [[2] i-National Voter Regavition Act ka 1993[ [imithetho ye-Motor Voter], kanye [i-[FLT] no-Messssssss Method Mect of Justicencerst [ircercence] elungiselelwe iNkathi ye-2002][FLT] [FLT], futhi ifaka izimfuneko zokuvikela amalungelo nokuthola ufulumela. Imithetho eminingi egunyaziwe, futhi i-Vra, kuye kwathiwe, futhi kuviswe izivumelwano eziningi, kusukela kulokhu, futhi kuvela i-V3]

Ukunanana lapha kuyabonakala ikakhulukazi okhethweni lukahulumeni, lapho uMthetho-sisekelo unikeza khona amandla okulawula izikhathi, izindawo, nendlela yokuvota ( kokhetho (Umkhandlu, Ingxenye 4). UKhongolo lunganikeza incazelo efanayo yezindinganiso zikahulumeni, kodwa luye lwavumela kakhulu ukuqondisisa kwezwe, ukwenza umehluko omkhulu ekuvoteni kwasekuqaleni, ukuvota kweposi, nemithetho yokukhipha imithetho. Unyulo lukamongameli 2020 lwabona ukumiswa okungakaze kubonwe ngaphambili ezimisweni zokuvota, njengoba izinkantolo zikahulumeni zihlola ukuthi ukuphulwa komthetho wezwe. Lokhu kunyakazisa indlela amandla adlulela ngayo emicimbi yokhetho ezindaweni zokhetho, ukwenza isiphithiyo engokomthetho lapho kuhlangene beboshelwa.

8. Izakhiwo Zokuhamba

Ukwakha nokulungisa imigwaqo emikhulu, amabhuloho, nokuthutha umphakathi kuhilela ukubambisana okuyinkimbinkimbi phakathi kukahulumeni, uhulumeni, nohulumeni bendawo. Uhulumeni unikeza imali eningi yemigwaqo emikhulu ephakathi kwezwe ngeHighway Trust Fund, exhaswa ngezimali ngentela yamafutha. Amazwe anomthwalo wokwakha namalungelo okwakha nokulungisa, kodwa kumelwe ahambisane nezindinganiso zikahulumeni zobunjiniyela, ukuvikela, ukubukeza indawo ezungezile, nokusebenza. Federal Highway Ad Administration (FAWA)[FLD:1] abeke iziqondiso, akwamukele izakhiwo, nokulungisa imali, kuyilapho amazwe egcina ukuvumelana okuphawulekayo ekuhleleni imingcele yawo.

Lokhu kuveza kokubili ukuvumelana − imigwaqo yase-interstate ilandela ukusayinwa okufanayo nokuhlanekezela. Ngokwesibonelo, izifundazwe ziye zahlehlela emuva ngokumelene nezimfuneko zikahulumeni zeholo elikhona (Davis-Bacon Act) noma izinkulumo ezithinta indawo ezungezile, ziphikisana ngokuthi zinezela izindleko nokwephuza. Okwamanje, uhulumeni wezwe usebenzise izimali zakhe zezimali ukuze akhuthaze ukusebenzisa imithetho efana nemithetho ehleliwe, ukudakwa, ukukhuliswa kwemivuzo, kanye nesisekelo semoto esihambayo. I-infrature Reformationmentation and Job Acts Act (201) inikeza izigidi zezigidi zezigidi zemigwaqo, amabhuloholi, nezindawo ezihlangeneyo ehlangeneyo, njengoba nezinye izindawo zisebenza kahle uma zihlangene, kodwa zingaba isilinganiso lapho zizama ezinye izimo.

Izinselele Nezingxabano Ekubuseni Ngokweqile

Izibonelo ezingenhla zibonisa ukuthi amandla angenayo awekho kabi ngokwemvelo, qha ngokwemvelo, avumela ukujwayela ukuvumelana kwezwe kanye kanye. Nokho, aveza izinselele eziphikelelayo ezibangela ukubusa futhi ngezinye izikhathi angene ezinkingeni ezigcwele.

Uvivinyo Nezimpi Ezingokomthetho

Enye yezici ezivame kakhulu ukudlula uhulumeni ukudlula. Uma uKhongolo luhlose ukuthatha indawo ngokuphelele, imithetho kahulumeni ayisebenzi. Kodwa izinkantolo ngokuvamile kumelwe zinqume ukuthi umthetho kahulumeni ukhulula ngempela umsebenzi wombuso noma uhlala nawo. Amacala okumayela anjenge Arizona v. U United States[FLT] [1] [202] washaya imithetho eminingi yezwe yokubekisa ukufuduka njengoba ishiywe, kuyilapho abanye beye basekela ukufakwa kwezidakamizwa nemithetho yokusebenza. Ukungaqiniseki okungokomthetho kuholela ekuthatheni izintambo eziphakeme Arézona v. Umphumela umphumela u-United States[FLT] [FLD] [1] uveza ukungavumelani ukuguquka, kodwa uma amazinga amabili ohulumeni elawulwa yiqembu eliphikisanayo.[8]

Ukuguquguquka Nokungalingani

Ngoba imibuso ingasebenzisa izimiso ezihlukene phakathi kwezakhiwo zikahulumeni, izinzuzo nesivikelo ezikhona kungahluka kakhulu. Ingane ethola imali encane eMassachusetts ingathola imfihlo yempilo nezikole eziphambili, kanti ingane eMississippi ingaba nemithombo embalwa. Lokhu kuphikisana kukholelwa ukuthi ukuba i-generation kahulumeni kuqinisekisa isisekelo samalungelo nezinkonzo. Izindinganiso ezilinganiselwe zemfundo, izinga lendawo ezungezile (ye-Medicaid elignation), kodwa izama ukunciphisa lento, kodwa inamandla kuphela njengomthetho nezombangazwe. Umphumela uyaqhubeka uyimpikiswano yokuthi uhulumeni kufanele ubeke iyunifomu efanayo noma ukuhlonipha inguquko yezwe.

Ukuhluleka Kokubambisana

Ngisho noma ukubambisana kuhlongozwa, amandla ahlukene angaholela ekungavumelani kwemizamo, iziqondiso eziphikisanayo, kanye nokungahlangani kokwaziswa kuvamile. Phakathi nobhadane lwe-COVOVID-19, ukudideka kwavela ngokuthi ubani owayenomthwalo wokuhlola izinto, amandla esibhedlela, kanye nokusakaza umjovo. Enkabeni yendawo ezungezile, izimfuneko ezihlukene ezivela ezinhlanganweni ze-EPA ne-mogue. Inselele ukuklama izimiso ze-projective ezinciphisa ukuxabana kwemithetho ye-CHOVD, okulula ukuchaza kalula ukufinyelela.

Bheka Phambili: Ikusasa LobuFenisi

Ukulingana kwamandla kahulumeni nombuso kuyoqhubeka kuguqula, kuqhutshwa ukuchazwa okungokomthetho, ukushintshwa kwezombangazwe, nokuvela kwezindaba ezintsha. Isinqumo seNkantolo Ephakeme ngemfundiso enkulu, imfundiso engathembekile, kanye nokuhlengwa kukahulumeni kuyolawula izinga legunya ngalinye. Okwamanje, imibuso isebenza ngokuqhubekayo njengezindawo zokuhlola idemokrasi, izama izimiso zemininingwane eyimfihlo, imithetho yokulawula ukuhlakanipha kokwenziwa, inzuzo eyisisekelo yendawo yonke, futhi ngaphezulu (ngokungaphezulu) kuhulumeni. Lezinyathelo zingase zithonyezele umthetho wombuso noma zibangele ukudukiswa kombuso.

Izakhamuzi nezikhulu zikahulumeni ngokufanayo kumelwe ziqondise lendawo eyinkimbinkimbi ngokuqonda ukuthi amandla adlulele awasona isici kodwa isici sesimiso sase - United States. Isihluthulelo siwukusingatha ukungezwani ngendlela eyakhayo, ngokuxoxisana, ngokuhlela izinto ezingokomthetho ezicacile, nangokuzinikela kokubili ezindinganisweni zezwe nasekusabeleni endaweni.

Isiphetho

Ubuhlobo phakathi kwegunya likahulumeni nezwe bungaphezu komqondo ocatshangelwayo; kuyiqiniso lansuku zonke eliveza indlela amaMelika abuswa ngayo. Njengoba lesi sihloko sibonise, amandla ahlukene akhona cishe kuyo yonke indawo enkulu yezimiso cishe cishe , ukunakekelwa kwezempilo, ukwahlulela kobugebengu, inqubo yensangu, ukusabela kwenhlekelele, ukhetho, nokuzisebenzela. Indawo ngayinye inikeza izingxabano eziyingqayizivele namathuba, abonisa ukuyinkimbinkimbi okuhlala komklamo kahulumeni. Abafundisi, nabezakhamuzi bazuza ngokuhlola lezi zibonelo zangempela zezwe, ngoba akwambuli nje kuphela omakhenikhasi bezokubusa kodwa futhi nezindinganiso ezihlala esigxotsheni: ubunye, ukungalingani, ukulandisa, nokulandisa. Ukuqonda amandla anjalo kubalulekile kunoma ubani othemba ukuthonya isizwe.

[[Umthetho:0] Imithombo yemfundo ephinda ifundwa:[[Umthetho:1]