Ukuqonda amalungelo akho angokomthetho kubalulekile ekuqhubeni phambili ukuphila kwansuku zonke nasekuqinisekiseni isivikelo sakho ngaphansi komthetho. Imithetho yoMbuso iyahlukahluka kakhulu e-United States, futhi ukutshelwa kungakusiza ukuba wenze izinqumo ezingcono, ugweme izihibe ezivamile, futhi uzikhuthaze uma kudingekile. Nakuba imithetho kahulumeni inikeza isisekelo esiyisisekelo, izifunda ngazinye zivame ukunweba noma zicwengisise lezi sivikelo, zidala imithetho ehlukene ethinta ngokuqondile umsebenzi wakho, indawo yokuhlala, ukuthenga, ukuthenga, ukushayela, ubuhlobo bomkhaya, nokunakekela impilo. Lesi sihloko sihlola imithetho eyisisekelo yezwe okufanele uqaphele futhi unikeze isiqondiso esisebenzayo sokuthola nokuvikela amalungelo akho angokomthetho esifundayo esimweni sakho.

Amalungelo Omsebenzi

Umthetho wezemisebenzi uyingxenye eyisisekelo lapho imithetho kahulumeni ihlukana khona nezindinganiso zikahulumeni. Izifundazwe eziningi zinemithetho evikela izisebenzi ekucwaseni okusekelwe ohlazweni lohlanga, ubulili, ubudala, ukukhubazeka, inkolo, kanye nokukhetha ngokobulili. Ezinye izifundazwe zivikela futhi ekucwaseni okusekelwe ekulondekeni komshado, inkonzo yezempi, noma ulwazi lwezakhi zofuzo. Imithetho ye-Frederal njenge-Title VII of the Civil Rights Act, i-American Disable Disatalment Act, ne-Age Disctation in Act isebenza ezweni lonke, kodwa amazwe amaningi anemithetho yawo siqu ehlanganisa abaqashi abancane noma inikeza amakhambiza.

Ukwehla Kwemali Nokudlula Kwesikhathi

Nakuba iholo elingaphansi likahulumeni lingu-R2,25 ngehora, izifunda eziningi ziye zabeka iholo eliphansi kakhulu, ngezinye izikhathi eliye labekwa ekuncipheni kwamandla emali. Kusukela ngo-2024, izikhulu zika-California, Washington, ne-Massachusetts zineholo elingaphansi kuka-R44 000 ngehora. Ezinye izifunda zineholo elilinganiselwe kuzisebenzi ezikhokhelwayo. Imithetho ethatha isikhathi eside iyahlukahluka futhi: ngaphansi kwe-Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA), okuthatha isikhathi esengeziwe kuyadingeka ngemva kwamahora angu-40 ngesonto, kodwa amazwe athile (umz. California, Alaska) adinga ukusebenza isikhathi esiphansi ngemva kwamahora angu-8. Abaqashi kumelwe bahambisane kakhulu — uhulumeni noma uhulumeni.

Ukuhamba Nezigebengu

Ikhefu eligulayo, ikhefu lomkhaya, ikhefu lomkhaya, nekhefu lokudla/ikhefu lokudla kuvame ukugunyazwa ngokwezinga likahulumeni. Izifunda ezimbalwa kuphela ezikhokhe izinhlelo zomkhaya (isibonelo, iCalifornia, iNew York, iRhode Island, iMassachusetts, nezinye). Ikhefu lokugula okuphakathi kwezwe lidingeka ezizweni ezihlanganisa i-Arizona, iConnecticut, uMaryland, neVermont. Isidlo nokuphumula kugunyazwe ezindaweni eziningi; ngokwesibonelo, iCalifornia idinga ikhefu eliyi-30-minitimeter yezikhathi zesikhashana ngenxa yesikhashana esingaphezu kwamahora amane nekhefu ayishumi ephumula njalo. Izisebenzi kufanele zihlole ingosigodi lezisebenzi zombuso lemisebenzi yezisebenzi.

Ukuphepha Emsebenzini Nezisebenzi Ezinikelayo

Yonke imibuso idinga abaqashi ukuba bathwale umshuwalense wenkokhelo wezisebenzi ukuze bakhokhele izingozi emsebenzini, kodwa imithetho eqondile ephathelene nokufaneleka, inkathi yokulinda, nenzuzo iyahlukahluka. Ezinye izifundazwe zivumela izisebenzi ukuba zizikhethele ngokwazo udokotela, kuyilapho ezinye zifuna umqashi ukuba anikeze uhlu lwabaqashi abagunyaziwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuphepha kwezisebenzi kanye namasu empilo (njenge-Cal/OSA noma Washington DOSH) ingabeka izindinganiso eziqinile zokuphepha kune-OSH. Abaqashi ababhekene nezimo ezingalondekile banelungelo lokufaka isikhalo ngaphandle kokuphindisela, kodwa imininingwane yesivikelo ihlukile ngokwezwe.

Umsebenzi Othandayo Nokusabela Okungalungile

Izindawo eziningi zilandela umsebenzi othanda, okusho ukuthi isisebenzi singaxoshwa nganoma yisiphi isizathu esinganqatshelwe umthetho. Nokho, ngaphandle kwalokhu kukhona ngaphansi komthetho kahulumeni ngenxa “yokwephula umthetho” (umz., ukudubula isisebenzi ngokufaka isinxephezelo sezisebenzi, ukukhonza ejaji, noma ukubika ukwephulwa kwezokulondeka). IMontana iwukuphela kwezwe elingaqapheli umsebenzi othandayo, elifuna“ isizathu esihle” sokunqandwa ngemva kwenkathi yokuqala yokuvinjelwa. Ukuqonda isikhundla sikahulumeni wakho emsebenzini ozowutholayo futhi oqashelwayo kungakusiza ukuba ubone uma ukunqandwa kungangekho emthethweni.

Imithetho Egciniwe Nezindlu

Imithetho kahulumeni ibusa cishe zonke izici zobuhlobo bezindawo ezihlala abanikazi bazo, kusukela kuvikelwa kuya enqubweni yokuxoshwa. Ukwazi amalungelo akho njengendawo yokuhlala kungavimbela ukuphathwa kabi futhi kusize ukuba ulondoloze izindlu eziphephile, ezihlala abantu.

Ukuvinjelwa Kwezokulondeka

Izifundazwe eziningi zilinganisela imali ekhokhayo yendawo yokukhosela, ngokuvamile enyangeni eyodwa noma ezimbili yokuqasha. Imithetho yoMbuso ifuna futhi umnini-khaya abuyisele imali egcinweyo phakathi kwesakhelo esithile sesikhathi (futhi izinsuku ezingu 14 kuya ku-45) ngemva kokuba i-antier ihambise, kanye nohlu oluthelweyo lwemali egciniwe. Ezinye izizwe, njengeCalifornia, zifuna ukuba umninindawo akhokhe inzalo egcinwe ezindaweni zokhuseleko isikhathi esingaphezu konyaka. Ukuhluleka ukuvumelana ne-akhawunti yemali engagunyaziswa ukuba afakelwe isheshini eligcwele kanye nezindleko.

Ukuhlala Nokulungisa

Umbuso ngamunye uphoqa isiqinisekiso esishiwo sokuhlala, okusho umnikazi wendlu kumelwe agcine iyunithi yokuqasha isebenza: amapayipi, ukushisa, ugesi, kanye nokukhululeka ezingcotheni nasezingozini zokwakha. Okushiwoyo kuyahluka — ezinye izifundazwe zidinga ukushiswa komoya ezimo-msi oshisayo, kuyilapho ezinye zidinga ukuxilongwa kwentuthuzelo yentuthu nenhlabamkhosi wekharbon monoxide. Uma umnikazi wendlu ehluleka ukulungisa okudingekile, abaqashi emazweni amaningi banelungelo lokugoda, lokuvala intela ngaphandle kwesijeziso esifanele. Njalo hlola imithetho kahulumeni ngaphambi kokuba wenze izenzo ezinjalo, njengoba imithetho iqinile.

Izivikelo Zokuvikela Izitshalo

Imithetho yokususa isakhiwo isukela ku-tenting-paltia ku- meter nowwwner. Ezindaweni ezifana ne-New York, New Jersey, Oregon, ne California, “yibangela” ukuba imithetho yokususa ifune ukuba umnini-ndlu abe nesizathu esiqinile (njengokungakhokhelwa kwentela noma ukujeziswa) ukuqeda ukuqashwa. Ezinye izifundazwe zivumela ukuxoshwa nganoma isiphi isizathu ngesaziso esifanele. Ukuqaphela izikhathi ezihlukene kakhulu — kusukela ezinsukwini ezintathu zokungakhokheli kwezinye izizwe kuya ezingamashumi ama-60 noma ngaphezulu kwezinye. Phakathi nobhadaba olungu-CHOVAD, izimo eziningi zakudala i-polium; ezinye zesivikelo zalezo zishintshelwe ekubeni imithetho ehlala njalo. I-Tenstrationssion ibhekene usizo olungokomthetho noma ukuhlola amalungelo enhlangano eyishumi.

Ukulawula Okuqinile Nokuzinza Okuqinile

Inani elandayo lezifundazwe (kuhlanganisa iCalifornia, i-Oregon, i-Washington D.C., ne-New York) zinemithetho yokuqasha elawula isifunda-zwe elinganisela ukukhushulwa kwentela yaminyaka yonke — ngokuvamile ngokwesilinganiso esihlobene nokwehla kwamandla emali. Izifunda eziningi zendawo (njengeLos Angeles, iSan Francisco, neNew York City) zinemithetho yazo yokuqasha. Ngokuhlukile, amanye amazwe anjengoTexas neFlorida anqabela ngokuqondile ukulawulwa kwentela. Uma uhlala endaweni eqashiwe, ukuqonda ukwanda kwaminyaka yonke kanye namalungelo akho ngokuphathelene nokuqasha intela kudingekile.

Imithetho Yokuvikela Abathengi

Imithetho yokuvikela kahulumeni eshiywe yizinhlangano zikahulumeni njenge-FTC. Lemithetho ivikela abathengi ekukhwabaniseni, ekukhangiseni okungamanga, nasemikhubeni yezebhizinisi engalungile. Izifunda eziningi zinezazo “Imisebenzi ye-TC Encane” evumela abantu ukuba bamangalelwe ngezenzo zentengiselwano ezikhohlisayo.

Ukukhangisa Kwamanga Nemikhuba Yokukhohlisa

Imithetho ye-State Unifair and Decrects and Decrects (UDAP) inqabela amabhizinisi ukuba akhulume amanga noma adukise ngemikhiqizo noma izinkonzo. Izibonelo zihlanganisa amanani okudukisa, ukugunyaza, nokufihla isiqinisekiso. Ezimweni ezinjenge California (Ibhizinisi ne-Orbethols Code .U.S.C.), umthetho ubanzi ngokwanele ukuba uhlanganise noma yimuphi umkhuba ongekho emthethweni, ongakholeki kahle, noma okhohlisayo. Abathengi abalimala bangafuna izindleko zangempela, intengo yommeli, futhi ngezinye izikhathi bafake izindleko ezingafanele.

Injabulo Nezintelezi

Nakuba iMagnuson-Moss Warranty Act kahulumeni ibusa ama-operac, isho ukuthi i-odoct eqondisweyo nezimiso ezilahliwe. Izifundazwe eziningi zifuna ukuba abathengisi bahloniphe imithetho yabo yokulungisa uma ikhona; uma kungekho nqubo emisiwe, ezinye izifundazwe zifuna ukuba umthengisi anikeze i-parensi phakathi nezinsuku ezithile. Izifunda eziningi zidinga “umthetho we-lemon” wokuvikela izimoto ezinesici, ukuvala izimoto ezintsha futhi ngezinye izikhathi ezisetshenziswayo. Inani labathengi — inani lemizamo yokulungisa, izinsuku zenkonzo, ne-eligible — lihluka. Ngokwesibonelo, umthetho we-remoni uhlanganisa kokubili izimoto ezintsha futhi usetshenziswa ngesiqinisekiso, kuyilapho izimoto ezintsha zaseCalifornia zimboza izimoto.

Ukuqoqwa Kwezikweletu Nokuthenga

Imithetho yoMbuso inikeza isivikelo esiqinile kune-Fair Devoration Practices Act (FDCPA) kahulumeni. Ezinye izifundazwe zinqabela ukuqoqwa kwezikweletu ezikweletwayo ku- “zombie” ezingaphezulu komthetho olinganiselwe, kuyilapho ezinye zidinga abaqoqi bezikweletu ukuba banikwe imvume. Izwe lizibekela imingcele yenzalo yemali yemali ebolekwayo yabathengi; ngokwesibonelo, amazwe amaningi anenzalo ephakeme kakhulu emalini engaphezulu, kanye nezikweletuzelo ezithile ezikhokhayo ngosuku. Abathengi kufanele baqaphele imingcele kahulumeni yabo emithethweni yentela yezimali yemali, njengemingcele yezikhathi zokuthintana nokuxhumana.

Izibhalisa Zangaphakathi Neziqalisi Ezizenzakalelayo

Isabela ekuthatheni inqubo edlangile ethi “ugibe lokubhalelwa kwezincwadi”, izifundazwe eziningi zinikeza imithetho efuna ukuvunjululwa okucacile nokunqanyulwa kalula kokuzivuselela. Umthetho we-Auto-Repausel (ARL) nemithetho efanayo eNew York, Florida, nase Illinois igunyaza ukuba amabhizinisi anikeze imvume ecacile yokuqala, ukuvunywa kwamagama, kanye nendlela elula yokuvala i-intanethi. Ukwazi imithetho kazwelonke kungakusiza ukuba ugweme ukuphonswa izinkonzo ongazidingi.

Imithetho Yangasese Nesivikelo Semininingwane

Imithetho kahulumeni yezindaba zomuntu siqu iya ibaluleke ngokwengeziwe njengoba ukuphulwa kwemininingwane kuya kuvame kakhulu.

Act YaseCalifornia Yokuziphilisa (CCPA) Nangaphezulu

ICCPA yaseCalifornia (eqiniswe yiCPRA) inikeza izakhamuzi ilungelo lokwazi ukuthi ikuphi ukwaziswa komuntu siqu okuqoqiwe, ilungelo lokukususa, nelungelo lokukhetha ukuthengisa imininingwane yazo. Imithetho efanayo iye yamiswa eVirginia (VCDPA), iColorado (COLAPI), Connecticut (CTDPA), ne-Utah (UCPA),. Lemithetho ngokuvamile isebenza emabhizinisini ahlangabezana nezikhawu ezithile, njengemali ekhokhwa ngonyaka engaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-R350 000 noma ukuphatha ukwaziswa kwabathengi abangaphezu kwekhulu. Uma uhlala kwelinye lamazwe, ungathumela ukwaziswa nokukhipha izicelo ezinkampanini ngokuqondile.

Isaziso Sokufinyelela Imininingwane

Zonke izifunda-mazwe ezingu-50 zinemithetho yezaziso ezifuna amabhizinisi ukuba azise abantu lapho ukwaziswa kwabo siqu kusehla. Izincazelo ze “ukwaziswa komuntu siqu” kanye nesikhathi sokuthola isaziso kuyahluka. Ezinye izifundazwe, njengoMaine noNevada, zinezincazelo eziqinile ezihlanganisa imininingwane ye-biometic noma ukwaziswa kwempilo. Uma kwenzeka iphulwa, abathengi basemazweni amaningi banelungelo lokuhlola isikweletu futhi baxwayise. Bheka ihhovisi lommeli wakho wezwe ukuze uthole isiqondiso ngokuphathelene nezimiso zesaziso esiphazanyisiwe.

Indawo Engasese

I-Biometric Information Fisk Act (BIPA) ingenye yemithetho eqinile kakhulu ezweni, ifuna izinkampani zithole imvume ebhaliwe ngaphambi kokuqoqa ukwaziswa okuphathelene ne-biometric (izingcingo zeminwe, i-scans, njll.) nokunikeza ilungelo langasese lokuthatha isinyathelo sokuphula umthetho. Ezinye izifunda, kuhlanganise neTexas neWashington, zinemithetho yazo siqu elawula isayensi ye-biothemic kodwa azinikezi ilungelo lokukhombisa. Ngokukhuliswa kweminwe nobuchwepheshe bokuqamba ubuso emsebenzini nasezindaweni zomphakathi, ukuqonda isivikelo se-biotheo phymetic stary kahulumeni wakho kubalulekile.

Ukushayela Imithetho

Ukwazi lokhu kungafani kungakusindisa ekukhokheleni amafa, ekukuyiseni imvume, noma ngisho nasemiphumeleni enzima.

Ukuthola Amasimu Nezimfuneko Zobudala

Nakuba izifundazwe eziningi zivumela abashayeli ukuba bathole imvume yomfundi oneminyaka engu - 15 noma engu - 16, uhlelo oluqondile lokuthola iziqu lunemithetho ehlukahlukene. Ezinye izifundazwe zidinga inani elincane lamahora okushayela aqondiswayo (isibonelo, iFlorida idinga amahora angu - 50), kuyilapho ezinye zinemingcele ehlukahlukene yabagibeli noma imithetho yokushayela ebusuku. Ngemva kokuthuthela esifundazweni esisha, usuke unezinsuku ezingu - 30 kuya kwezingu - 90 ukuze uthole ilayisenselo yomshayeli omusha futhi udedele endala.

Izimfuneko Zomshuwalense

Cishe wonke umbuso ufuna abashayeli ukuba bathwale umshuwalense onecala. Imingcele enciphile iyahlukahluka: ngokwesibonelo, iCalifornia idinga 15/30/5 000 (R3 000 (R1 000 umuntu ngamunye), i-$30 000 ngengozi yokulimala komzimba, kanti i-Alaska idinga 50/100/25000 emonakalweni wempahla, kanti i-Alaska idinga amazwe ambalwa (njenge-New Hampshire ne-Virginia) adinga umshuwalense kodwa abeke ezinye izimfuneko zemali. Ukukhokha umshuwalensela ngokwezi ezithile futhi okungenzeki kwezinye izindawo. Imishini ye-aspin ayidingi ukukho okungenaphutha (umshuwalense, umshuwalense, iFlorida, i-New York) inezimendo ehlukile.

UDUI Nowavumayo

Isilinganiso segazi elifakwa empompini (BAC) yisilinganiso esingu 0.08% kubantu abadala kuzo zonke izifundazwe, kodwa izijeziso ziyahlukahluka. Ezinye izifundazwe zinemingcele eqinile kubashayeli abahwebi abangaphansi kuka-21.0.0% noma ngaphansi kwe-9% noma ngaphansi). Ukusebenzisa imithetho yokuvuma kuwo wonke amazwe kudinga ukuba uthotshelwe ukuhlolwa kwamakhemikhali (igazi, noma umchamo) uma uboshelwe ngokomthetho i-DUI. Ukwenqaba kungaphumela ekuvaleni i-layisensi ezenzekelayo, ngokuvamile ngezikhathi eziningi kunesiqinisekiso eside. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngesikhathi sokuqala i-DuI isijeziso sisukela ekukhipheni imvume yezinsuku ezingu-90 eziphelele kwezinye izindawo ngonyaka, futhi nezindawo eziningi zidinga ukufakwa kwe-octivensicriation.

Ukuphazanyiswa Kwezimoto Namaphuzu

Izifundazwe eziningi zisebenzisa ikhodi ukuze zilandele ukuphulwa kwezimoto. Ukunqwabelana kwamaphuzu amaningi kungabangela ukukhishwa kwemvume, isilinganiso esikhushuliwe somshuwalense, noma izifundo zokuthuthukisa umshayeli ezibophekile. Inani lamaphuzu okuphulwa okuthile, nomnyango wokuthuthwa, kuyahluka kakhulu. Ngokwesibonelo, eNew York, amaphuzu angu-11 ezinyangeni eziyi-18 angaphumela ekususweni; eNevada, amaphuzu angu-12 angenza isixwayiso. Amanye amazwe anikeza izifundo zokuzivikela ukunciphisa amaphuzu. Ngaso sonke isikhathi hlola i-webhthi ye-mende kazweloweb ye-Tor Vehicles yezikhathi zamanje.

Imithetho Yomkhaya

Umthetho womkhaya ngokuyinhloko ulawulwa amazwe, anemithetho ehlukahlukene emshadweni, isehlukaniso, nemithetho yokunakekela izingane.

Umshado Nomshado Ovamile

Nakuba umshado oxubile usemthethweni ezweni lonke, usho okungafani ngezimfuneko zelayisense yomshado (ukulindela izikhathi, ukuhlola igazi). Umshado womthetho ovamile uqashelwa kuphela ezindaweni ezimbalwa (uColado, i-Iowa, iKansas, iMontana, i-Oklahoma, iRhode Island, i-South Carolina, iTexas, ne-Utah), kanye ne-District of Columbia. Kulezi zifunda zingathi umbhangqwana ungathathwa njengoshadile ngaphandle komcimbiso noma imvume uma uhlala ndawonye, uzigcina ushadile, futhi uzimisele ukushada. Uma uhlala ezweni elilodwa futhi uqeda ubuhlobo, ungadinga isehlukaniso noma ukuqedwa.

Isehlukaniso Ne - almony

Izimfuneko zokufuna isehlukaniso ziyahlukahluka — izinyanga eziyisithupha noma unyaka owodwa kuzwe. I-Alimony (ukusekela okungokoqobo) inikezwa ngokwezici ezifana nobude bomshado, amandla okuthola umngane ngamunye womshado, neminikelo yakhe. Ezinye izifundazwe zineziqondiso ezisekelwe kumthetho (umzk., iCalifornia isebenzisa iziqondiso zesikhashana), kuyilapho ezinye zinikeza amajaji abanzi. Inani elandayo lamazwe liye lalinganisela ubude besikhathi esingu-50-60 sobude bemishado wemishado phakathi neminyaka engu-20. Ukuqonda indlela kahulumeni yokungena kuyi-impikiswano yesehlukaniso.

Ukuwinwa Kwezingane Nokusekelwa Kwazo

Imithetho yokunakekela abantwana igxila “ezithakazelweni ezingcono kakhulu zengane,” kodwa isho ukuthi isebenza ngendlela ehlukile. Ezinye izizwe zikhetha ukuwinwa kwezingane ngamalungu ahlangene, kuyilapho ezinye zisathanda umnakekeli oyinhloko. Izifundazwe eziningi zineziqondiso zokubala ukusekela izingane ngokusekelwe emalini eholweni lomzali ngamunye nasenanini labantwana, kodwa izindlela zokulawula izingane ziyahluka. Izimpikiswano zezikhulu zokuwinwa kwabantwana zilawulwa yi-EX - Child Leation Juricriction and Enforcementment Act (UCJEA), eyamukelwa yizo zonke izifundazwe. Abazali kufanele baqaphele ukuthi ukuphuma ngaphandle kukahulumeni kungathinta amalungiselelo elungelo lokuhlala nabantwana futhi kungadinga imvume yenkantolo.

Isivikelo Sobudlova Basekhaya

Zonke izifundazwe zivumela izisulu zobudlova basekhaya ukuba zithole iziyalezo zokuvikela (iziqondiso zokuvimbela). Incazelo ye- “demonsial” iyahlukahluka: ezinye izifundazwe zihlanganisa ukuphola nabantu abakanye nabo kanye nabantu ababesebenza nabo, kuyilapho ezinye zigcinelwe abangane bomshado, izisebenzi ezikanye, noma izihlobo zegazi. Isikhathi sokuyalwa nokuthola iziqondiso nazo siyahluka. Izizwe eziningi manje zifuna ukuphoqelelwa komthetho ukuba uthathe izibhamu ezindaweni eziphethe iziyalezo zokuvikela. Uma uyisisulu sobudlova basekhaya, thintana nobudlova basekhaya ukuze uthole isiqondiso sikahulumeni esiqinile.

Imithetho Yezempilo Namalungelo Esineke

Umthetho wokulawula impilo uyingxube yomthetho kahulumeni nokahulumeni, kodwa ngokuvamile izifundazwe zimisa imithetho yomshuwalense, imfihlo yezokwelapha, nokuphela kokuphila.

Ukutholakala Kwezokwelapha Nomshuwalense

I-Affordble Care Act (ACA) imisa izimfuneko ezinciphileyo, kodwa izifundazwe zinezinhlelo zazo ze-Medicaid kanye nezimakethe zomshuwalense. Ezinye izifundazwe (njenge-New York ne-California) ziye zadala imishuwalense yezempilo esekelwe kuhulumeni ngezindlela ezengeziwe zokuvikela abathengi, njengemingcele yokuphuma ezindlekweni ze-ocket. Amazwe alawula futhi amasu empilo angemuva, angabiza kancane kodwa anikeze intengo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amazwe amaningi anemithetho evikela iziguli ekukhokheleni okungalindelekile, abeke imithetho yokungawatholi amanani ephuthumayo ephuthumayo kanye nokulinganisela.

Imithetho Yokukhipha Isisu

Ngemva kwesinqumo seNkantolo Ephakeme amaDobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization, ukukhishwa kwezisu nokutholakala kwazo manje kunqunywa yisifundazwe ngasinye. Kusukela ngo-2024, ezinye izifundazwe (umzk., iCalifornia, i-Illinorado) iye yakhipha amalungelo okukhishwa kwesisu emthethweni wezwe, kuyilapho ezinye (umz. Texas, Idaho, Oklaho, Florida) ziye zasebenzisa imingcele ephelele yezokuvinjelwa noma yemithetho eqinile. Izifunda eziningi ziye zadlulisa imithetho yokuvikela izikhungo nokukhipha izisu, kuyilapho ezinye zivimbela ukukhishwa kwezisu. Iziguli kufanele zihlole imithombo yezempilo noma usizo lwezwe lamanje.

Izindaba Zokwelapha Nezempilo

IHIPAA inikeza isivikelo sikahulumeni semibhalo yezokwelapha, kodwa izifundazwe zinganezela izimfuneko ezengeziwe. Ezinye izifundazwe zinemithetho eqinile eveza ukukhishwa kwamarekhodi empilo yengqondo, imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwesandulela-ngculaza, noma ukwaziswa kwezakhi zofuzo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ihlela ukugcinwa nokubhujiswa kwamarekhodi empilo. Izifunda eziningi zidinga abaqaphi bezempilo ukuze zinikeze iziguli izinhlu zokwelapha ezikhona ngesikhathi esithile (ngokuvamile izinsuku ezingu-30). Ukuqonda amarekhodi ezokwelapha ombuso wakho angawathola kungaba yikhanselelo lapho zishintsha odokotela noma zifaka icala.

Izinqumo Zokuphela Kokuphila

Imithetho yoMbuso ilawula ukusebenza kweziqondiso eziqhubekayo (intando ephilayo), amandla ezokwelapha ommeli, kanye nodokotela abafayo. Izifundazwe eziningana, kuhlanganise iCalifornia, i-Colorado, i-Oregon, i-Vermont, neWashington, ziye zagunyaza usizo lwezokwelapha ekufeleni abantu abadala abagulela ukufa. Ezinye izifundazwe zivumela kuphela izinhlobo zokufa kokuphila okungenamsebenzi, njengokugodlela noma ukususa ukusekela ukuphila. Kubalulekile ukunikeza iziqondiso ezisemqoka esimweni lapho uhlala khona nokuqonda izimfuneko ezithile zokufakaza nokungahambisani nezindlela.

Indlela Yokuthola Nokuvikela Amalungelo Omthetho KaHulumeni

Nakuba lesi sihloko sinikeza ukubukeza, imithetho kahulumeni ishintsha njalo — ikakhulukazi lapho kucatshangelwa ngokushesha izindawo eziyimfihlo, umsebenzi, nokukhishwa kwezisu.

  • Ukuvakashela ingosi yombuso wakho we-website ukufunda izikweleti nezimiso. Izifundazwe eziningi zinikeza izisekelo zokuhlola eziseshwayo.
  • Ukuhlanganisa ummeli wakho wezwe jikelele wehhovisi ukuze uthole isiqondiso sabathengi futhi ufunde ngezenzo zokuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwamandla. Uhlu lwabameli jikelele bakahulumeni lukhona NAAG.
  • Sebenzisa iziqondiso zomthetho ezingazuzisi njengalezo ezivela Nolo, ezinikeza ukufushaniswa okucacile kolimi-okozwe ngesifunda.
  • Sekela ingosi yomnyango wezisebenzi ezisemthethweni yesifundazwe sakho uma unemibuzo ngemisebenzi. UMnyango wezisebenzi wase-U.S. unikeza izixhume emahhovisi ezisebenzi zikahulumeni hehe [.]
  • Unikeza ummeli wendawo [ iseluleko esikhethekile somthetho, ikakhulukazi uma uhilelekile empikiswaneni noma esenzeka ekuphileni.

Ngokuqonda imithetho eqondile yezwe lakho, ungavikela amalungelo akho, ugweme izingibe ezingokomthetho futhi wenze izinqumo ezisekelwe olwazini ekuphileni kwakho kwansuku zonke.