Pamene oweruza aitana m'positi, kaŵirikaŵiri imadzutsa chidwi ndi nkhaŵa. Njirayo ingamveke ngati chinsinsi, koma kutumikira pa khoti la oweruza iri imodzi ya njira zachindunji kwambiri zimene nzika zimatengamo mbali m'dongosolo la chiweruzo. Chitsogozo chimenechi chimapereka njira yoyendera bwino lomwe zimene zimachitika kuyambira panthaŵi imene mulandira chidziŵitsocho kumapeto kwa mlandu. Kumvetsetsa siteji iriyonse kungasandulitse mantha kukhala lingaliro la chifuno.

Mbiri ndi Cholinga cha Chikole cha Jury

Kuyenera kwa mlandu wa oweruza kuli maziko a malamulo alamulo. Kuchokera ku England wa m'zaka zapakati, dongosolo la oweruza linalinganizidwa kuletsa boma kuchenjerera ndi kutsimikizira kuti nzika wamba, osati woweruza mmodzi kapena boma, zikagamula mlandu kapena kupanda liwongo. Malamulo a U. U.S. amatsimikizira kuti ufuluwu ulipo m'milandu yonse iŵiri ndi milandu yachiŵeniŵeni pansi pa Malamulo a Sikisi ndi Senth Reformation. Lerolino, oweruza amatumikira monga mayeso a mphamvu ndi kutsendereza miyezo ya chitaganya m’malamulo. Mwa kutumikira, mumathandiza kuchirikiza lamulo lakuti chiweruzo sichimachotsedwa ndi akuluakulu a boma okha, koma ndi mbali yopatulirapo ya chitaganya chenicheni. Chidaliro chopatulika chimenechi chimafunikira kutengamo mbali mwachisamaliriro kwa nzika iliyonse yoyenerera.

Kumvetsetsa Ntchito Yapansi: Si Tsiku Lokha m’khoti

Ntchito ya jury ndi udindo wa nzika zimene zili zoyenerera ndi zoitanidwa. Ndi njira imene dongosolo la chiweruzo limasonkhanitsa gulu la mabwenzi opanda tsankho kuti limve umboni ndi kupereka chigamulo.

  • Perekani chigamulo chozikidwa pa zenizeni zoperekedwa m’khoti.
  • Gwiritsirani ntchito lamulolo monga momwe lalangizidwira ndi woweruza ku nsonga zimenezo.
  • Mukakambirana ndi ajuli anzanu kuti musankhe mogwirizana kapena kuti muchite nawo zambiri, zimadalira pa mtundu wa mlanduwo ndi ulamuliro wake.

Kunyalanyaza mayeso sikungachitire mwina. Kulephera kuonekera kungatsogolere ku chilango chachikulu, kuphatikizapo faindi, chilolezo cha kumangidwa, kapena ngakhale kunyozedwa kwa milandu ya khoti. Boma lililonse likhazikitsa malamulo akeake, chotero muyenera kuvomereza ku pempholo monga momwe lalangizidwa.

Machidule a Jury: Chidziŵitso Chanu cha Akuluakulu

Mayeso a ajuli akufika papositi ndipo amasindikizidwa pa makampani a khoti. Chikalatachi ndi poyambira pa utumiki wanu. Makalatawo ali ndi mfundo zenizeni zimene muyenera kuzindikira bwino:

  • Deti lodziŵitsa ndi nthaŵi + , Ndi pamene muyenera kuonekera. Madaleshoni ena amasonyeza nthaŵi yeniyeni yoyamba, pamene kuli kwakuti ena akusonyeza utali.
  • Kkeyala ya khomo la magetsi [[FLT] - [1] -''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''Ayikitsa'''''ma'ayi ndi nambala ya nambala ya kuyang'anira.
  • Malangizo a yankho – Makalata ambiri lerolino amaphatikizapo webusaiti kapena nambala ya foni kutsimikizira, kuchedwetsa, kapena kupempha chodzikhululukira.
  • A nambala ya juror yapadera – Chozindikiritsachi chimagwiritsiridwa ntchito m'zochitika zonse.
  • Chidziŵitso chonena za kuimika ndi kuletsa zinthu – Khoti kaŵirikaŵiri limaletsa zida, ma electronic, ndi zipangizo zojambula.

Kulabadira Mofulumira Kufikitsa

Chinthu choyamba chimene muyenera kuchita mutalandira maina ndi kuwerenga malangizo alionse.

  1. Kupezeka kwabwino – Index ngati mungatumikire pa deti loikiridwa.
  2. Kupempha kuchedwetsa [1] Zifukwa zotsimikizirika zimaphatikizapo tchuthi choikidwapo, njira zamankhwala, kapena nthaŵi yoikidwiratu ya ntchito. Makhoti kaŵirikaŵiri amavomereza ngati mupereka chidziŵitso choyenera.
  3. Seŵetsani chodzikhululukira , kapena kusalola kwanthaŵi yochepa. Zifukwa zambiri zimaphatikizapo kukhala oposa 70 (m'mayiko ena), kutumikira monga wosamalira nthaŵi zonse, wokhala ndi matenda, kapena kukhala woyang’anira lamulo. Mufunikiradi kupereka mapepala.

Kuyankha mochedwa kapena ayi kungasokoneze moyo wanu, ndipo tsatirani malangizo operekedwa m’kalatayo akuti mupeŵe kulipira faindi kapena chilango.

Zopeputsa ndi Zogwiritsa Ntchito Zofala

Malamulo a boma ndi a boma amatchula zinthu zingapo zolakwika ndi zosaloledwa kulowa m’malo:

  • Osakhala ajuli saloledwa kuchita utumiki wa oweruza m’madera ambiri.
  • Kaŵirikaŵiri anthu otere amachotsedwa ntchito, kaya kwa nthaŵi yonse kapena kufikira ufulu wawo wa anthu utabwezeretsedwa.
  • Ziŵalo za asilikali okangalika sizimaloledwa kugwira ntchito yaujuli wa boma.
  • Anthu amene ali ndi matenda ena angaloledwe ndi dokotala.
  • Nthaŵi zina ophunzira anthaŵi yonse amayeneretsedwa kuti achedwe kupuma pasukulu.

Ngati mukhulupirira kuti simunayeneretsedwa kapena kuti simunaloledwe, muyenera kupereka umboni wofunikira pamene mukuyankha.

Kukonzekera Ntchito Yaunyamata: Zimene Muyenera Kuchita Musanapite

Kukonzekera kumathandiza kuti tsiku likhale losangalatsa komanso lothandiza kuti musamapanikizike kwambiri.

Dziŵani Ufulu ndi Udindo Wanu

Makhoti ambiri amalemba buku lothandiza anthu oweruza milandu pa Intaneti.

Yamikirani Mwini Ntchito Wanu

Malamulo a boma safuna kuti abwana anu akupatseni ndalama za ntchito yaujuli, koma maboma ambiri amakulamulani kuti mukhale patchuthi osalipidwa. Perekani kope la mafomu ndi zikalata zina zotsatirapo.

Konzekerani Zolinga Zanu

[[FLT: 0] . . . . . . . . .
N’zosavuta [1] , koma mwaulemu . . . . . - Suma khoti lapafupi ndi kuimiridwa kwa anthu. [K] .] Kubweretsa momasuka [[FLT:] ] - Sufunikira sutu, koma sunga maboo, koma kulembera maboodi, flip, kapena zovala zotemberera. Makhoti ambiri amafuna kuwoneka bwino.
Chomwe chingabweretsedwe [FFL:], kubweretsa kudzikometsera, buku, kapena kuŵerengedwa kwa mapepala a pulogalamu m'ma) nthaŵi zambiri.

Konzekerani za Kusamalira Ana

Makhoti alibe zokonzekera kuyang’anira ana, ndipo oweruza ambiri sangabwere ndi ana.

Zimene Zidzayembekezeredwe ku Bwalo Lamilandu: Tsiku Loyamba

Tsiku loyamba la ntchito yaujuli kaŵirikaŵiri ndilo losatsimikizirika kwa ajuli atsopano. Pano pali chithunzi cha zimene zimachitika:

Kuyang’ana Mkati ndi Kutali

Fika panthaŵi yotchulidwa pa mayeso. Pitani ku chipinda cha msonkhano wa oweruza, malo aakulu oyembekezera. Mudzafufuza ndi ogwira ntchito m'khoti, kuperekereni magidi anu, ndi kulandira pepala la beji kapena pepala lomamatiza. vidiyo kapena nkhani imaphatikiza mbali zazikulu za utumiki wa oweruza, mbali ya woweruza, ndi malamulo a m'makhoti.

Kuyembekezera ndi Kuitanira Magulu

Mutayang’ana, mungathe kudikira. Makhoti angaimbire makhoti 20 mpaka 60 panthaŵi imodzi kukapereka ku khoti loopsa. Pamene mukudikira, mungaŵerenge, gwiritsirani ntchito chipangizo chaumwini (ngati mwaloledwa), kapena kumaliza mapepala alionse opemphedwa ndi khoti.

Kupima Chisungiko

Makhoti ena amayesanso kugwiritsa ntchito matumba a zinthu monga zida, makamera, ndi makina ojambula mawu.

Njira Yosankhira Jury: Kutentha Kochititsa Chidwi

Voir wakuda kwambiri ndi Chifalansa kaamba ka "kulankhula chowonadi". Imeneyi ndi njira imene maloya ndi oweruza amafunsa oyembekezera kukhala oweruza kuti atsimikizire kupanda tsankhu. Ndiyo mbali yothandiza kwambiri pa zochitika zanu za ajuli.

Kufunsa Mafunso kwa Woweruza ndi Atcheney

Woweruzayo nthawi zambiri amayamba ndi mafunso akuti: Kodi pali munthu amene mukudziwapo amene wachititsa kuti mlanduwo uchitike, koma kodi inuyo mukuganiza kuti pali winawake amene angakuchititseni kuti musamachite zinthu mwachilungamo?

Muyenera kuyankha moona mtima kuti ngati mukudziwa zinazake zokhudza nkhaniyo kapena ngati muli ndi maganizo olakwika, munene choncho.

Mavuto Amene Amakumana Nawo

Ma attorney ali ndi njira ziŵiri zochotsera juror:

  • Kufuna chifukwa chake [[FT:1] – jur ague angachotsedwe ngati asonyeza tsankhu, ali ndi mtengo waumwini potsatira, kapena akusonyeza kuti sangathe kutsatira lamulo. Palibe malire ku mavuto ameneŵa.
  • Kuthetsa chitokoso [1] Mbali iliyonse ingakanthe chiŵerengero china cha ajuli popanda kupereka chifukwa. Komabe, mavuto ameneŵa sangayambike chifukwa cha fuko kapena . Nambala imasiyana ndi mtundu ndi mphamvu.

Ngati simunasankhidwa, mungabwerere ku chipinda cha msonkhano wa oweruza kuti mukagawidwe ku gulu lina kapena kumasulidwa tsikulo.

Mitundu ya Juries: Petit v.

Pali mitundu iŵiri yaikulu ya ajuli m’makhoti:

  • Petit judget [[FLT ] -Iyi ndi khoti lozenga mlandu limene mumaganizira. Ili ndi umboni m'milandu yachifwamba ndi yachiŵeniŵeni ndipo imabweza chigamulo. Majuli a juli a chigawo kaŵirikaŵiri amapangidwa ndi anthu 6 mpaka 12.
  • Ajuli Aukulu -Aug augne sugamula mlandu. Mmalomwake, imasankha kaya kaya pali chifukwa choyenera kuikira mlandu wina ndi kupitiriza kuzenga mlandu. Majuli aakulu ali aakulu, makamaka 16 mpaka 23 anthu, ndipo zochita zawo nzobisa. Ngati muitanidwa ku ntchito yaikulu ya oweruza, ntchito ya utumikiyo kaŵirikaŵiri njaikulu, nthaŵi zina kufikira chaka chimodzi.

Nzika zambiri zoitanidwa ku ntchito yaujuli zidzatumikira pa juli ya ajuli, koma nthaŵi zina mungaitanidwe mwachindunji kaamba ka utumiki waukulu wa oweruza.

Kutumikira M’ndende Mkati mwa Kuzengedwa Chilango

Ngati mwasankhidwa, mudzakhala woweruza kaamba ka nthaŵi ya kuweruza mlanduwo.

Zotsatira za Mlandu

Mayesero amayendera limodzi:

  1. Mawu otsegulira [[FLT :1] - mbali iliyonse imandandalika zimene akufuna kutsimikizira. Umenewu si umboni, koma mapu a msewu.
  2. Kupereka umboni [[FLT :1] – Mboni zikuchitira umboni, zikalata zikuyambitsidwa, ndipo zionetsero zakuthupi zikusonyezedwa. Tchuro kapena mtumwiyo amayamba, kutsatiridwa ndi chitetezero.
  3. Cross pendani [1] -'FLT' – The pronestions doubles kuyesa kudalirika kwawo ndi umboni wawo.
  4. Kufotokoza mfundo – Attorneys kufotokoza mwachidule umboni ndi kutsutsa chigamulo chinachake.
  5. Malangizo a jury [ + ] jaji akukuuzani miyezo yalamulo imene muyenera kugwiritsira ntchito, kuphatikizapo kulemera kwa umboni (kusiyapo kukaikira koyenera m'milandu, kutsimikizira umboni m’nkhani zachiŵeniŵeni).
  6. [[Nthaŵi] [[FLT:] [[FULT:1] + , Inu ndi oweruza anzanu mukukambirana nkhaniyo mwamtseri kuti mupeze chigamulo.

Mbali ya Woweruza

Woweruzayo akuona kuti mlanduwo ndi wabwino, akukupatsani malamulo otsutsa, ndipo akukuuzani malamulo ake.

Kulephera ndi Kupeza Mlandu

Musankha mtsogoleri kuti atsogolere kukambiranako ndi kutsimikizira kuti aliyense ali ndi mawu. Zimenezi zingatenge maola ambiri kapena masiku ambiri, malinga ndi kuvuta kwa mlanduwo ndi kusagwirizana kwake.

Malamulo ofunika kwambiri poganizira:

  • Palibe wina amene angafufuze kapena kusanthula chikalata chilichonse chokhudzana ndi nkhaniyo pafoni yanu kapena m’mabuku.
  • Palibe kukambitsirana ndi wina aliyense kunja kwa chipinda cha oweruza.
  • Mvetserani malingaliro onse, perekani chigamulo mwa kukambitsirana ndi kulingalira, osati mwa voti la anthu ambiri.

Ngati ajuliwo sangakwanitse kuweruza mogwirizana, woweruza anganene kuti mlanduwo walakwika, ndipo angauimbenso mlanduwo ndi juli yatsopano.

Utali wa Utumiki: Kodi Udzakhalako Kwautali Wotani?

Utali wa ukulu wa ntchito yaujuli umasiyanasiyana mokulira:

  • Milandu ya tsiku limodzi [[FLT :1] – milandu yambiri ya upandu ndi milandu yambiri yachiŵeniŵeni imagamulidwa m'tsiku limodzi.
  • Kupima kwa tsiku la chiult – matenda ocholoŵana a anthu, monga ngati kusagwira ntchito bwino zamankhwala kapena mikangano ya zamalonda, kungatenge masiku atatu kwa milungu iŵiri.
  • Kuzengedwa mlandu kwa magetsi – Milandu ya upandu yapamwamba-wonse, mikangano yokha, kapena zochita za kalasi zingachitike kwa milungu kapena ngakhale miyezi.

Oimba sauzidwa nthaŵi yoyembekezeredwa ya kuyesa kufikira pambuyo posankha. Khalani wokonzekera maganizo kaamba ka chikole cha masiku angapo. Ngati muli ndi nkhondo yokhalapo, mufunikira kuidzutsa mkati mwa kutentha kwa mwazi.

Kupeza Ntchito ndi Nthaŵi Yoleka Ntchito

Malipiro a ntchito ya foni ndi ochepa m’malo ambiri. Amayambira pa $5 mpaka $50 patsiku, ndi ndalama zambiri za khoti la boma ndi maboma ena (monga New York ndi California) kupereka ndalama zambiri. Olemba ntchito ena amalipira malipiro anu okwanira mu utumiki wa oweruza, pamene ena samalipira konse.

Zoyenera Zanu ndi Mdindo Wanu

Komabe, lamulo silimafuna kuti abwana anu azikulipirani pamene mukutumikira.

  • Yamikirani bwana wanu mwamsanga mutalandira maina.
  • Ngati muli ndi ntchito zanuzanu kapena ndinu womanga, linganizani ndalama zotaikazo ndi kulinganiza moyenerera.
  • Makhoti ena amachedwetsa utumiki wochepetsa mavuto; mungapemphe kuchedwetsa ngati kuli kofunika.

Zikhulupiriro Zofala Zonena za Kutaya Zinthu kwa Jury Zinazimiririka

Mfundo zolakwika zokhudza ntchito yaujuli ndi zofala kwambiri.

  • [[FLT: 0] Yam: Mukhoza kukhululukidwa pa ntchito yaujuli kaamba ka chifukwa chirichonse. Choonadi nchakuti makhoti amapereka kokha zifukwa za mavuto akutiakuti, monga ngati kufunikira kwa mankhwala, ntchito zosamalira, kapena mtolo wa zandalama wopambanitsa. "Sindikufuna kutumikira" sindiye chodzikhululukira chotsimikizirika.
  • Thupi: Ndi anthu okha okhala ndi masinthidwe alamulo amene ali oyenerera monga oweruza. Choonadi nchakuti oweruza amasankhidwa kwenikweni chifukwa chakuti ali nzika wamba zopanda maphunziro apadera alamulo. Oyang'anira amafuna gulu la malingaliro osiyanasiyana, osati chipinda chodzaza ndi maloya. Kwenikweni, maloya kaŵirikaŵiri amachotsedwa pa milandu ina.
  • [[FLT: 0] Ndimfundo: Munganyalanyaze mavomerezedwe a ajuli popanda zotulukapo. Kunyalanyaza maitani a foni kumatsogolera ku faindi, benchi zilolezo, ndi kunyozedwa kothekera kwa khoti. Makhoti amayankha motsatira njira, ndi kulephera kuwonekera kumaonedwa mwamphamvu.
  • [[FLT: 0] Mphindi: Ntchito ya Jury nthaŵi zonse imatulukapo kusankhidwa kukatumikira. Anthu ambiri amene aitanidwa adzachotsedwa panthaŵi ina mkati mwa ntchito yosankha. Kuitanidwa ku ntchito yaujuli sikumatsimikizira kuti mudzakhala pamlandu.
  • : Mayeso m'milandu yaupandu ayenera kugwirizana. M'makhoti a boma ndi m'maboma ambiri, inde, koma maiko ena amalola zigamulo zosagwirizana m'nkhani zina zachiŵeniŵeni. Milandu ya upandu, U.S. Khoti Lalikulu lafuna kusamvana m'makhoti onse aŵiri a boma ndi a boma kuyambira [FLT:] Ramos v. Louisiana . [20]

Kupeŵa Chinyengo Chogwirizana ndi Jury Duty

Mwatsoka, mbala zina onyenga amayerekezera nduna za khoti ndi kupempha malipiro a "kulephera kuonekera" kaamba ka ntchito yaujuli. Palibe khoti lalamulo limene lidzakuitanani ndi kupempha malipiro a mwamsanga kupyolera mwa khadi la mphatso, kutumiza mawaya, kapena kubisa. Ngati mulandira chiitano chotero, chiperekeni ndi kusimba ku khoti lanu. Nthaŵi zonse gwiritsirani ntchito chidziŵitso cha mameseji a boma, osati nambala ya kubwerera kwa woitanayo.

Dzitetezeni:

  • Makhoti nthaŵi zambiri amayamba atumiza makalata.
  • Iwo sadzapempha manambala a makhadi a ngongole kapena nambala za Social Security pa telefoni.
  • Ngati mukuganiza kuti pali chinyengo, lankhulani ndi woimira bungwe laupotimenti la boma lanu kapena ofesi ya bwanamkubwa.

Kulemba Malamulo: Zimene Zimachitika Pambuyo pa Chilango

Pamene oweruza afika pa chigamulo, mkulu wa khotilo akulengeza m’khoti lapoyera. M’nkhani ya upandu, "wopanda liwongo" chigamulo chimatanthauza woimbidwa mlandu wamasulidwa. Chigamulo cha "kulakwa" chimatanthauza kuti woweruza adzalinganiza chiweruzo pa tsiku lina. Mlandu wa boma, ajuli angagamulenso chiwombolo.

Pambuyo pa chigamulo, woweruza amathokoza ajuli chifukwa cha ntchito yawo. M'mayiko ena, oweruza amakhala omasuka kukambirana za zimene akuganiza mlanduwo utatha. Mungakambirane ndi aliyense, kuphatikizapo atolankhani, ngati musankha.

Malangizo Othandiza pa Ntchito Yabwino

Kuti mupindule ndi utumiki wanu wa oweruza, kumbukirani uphungu wotsatirawu:

  • Ukhale wosunga nthaŵi. Malamulo a khoti amayendera ndandanda. Kuchedwa kungachedwetse nkhani ndipo kungakutsutseni.
  • [[NT.0] Pangani chakudya chamasana kapena chakudya chodyera. Maphukusi osiyanasiyana. Nyumba zina zamilandu zili ndi makhefi, pamene zina zili ndi makina ogulitsa.
  • Bwerani kanthu kena kokaŵerenga. Nobels, magazini, kapena ma puzzle ogwiritsa ntchito mawu omasulira mawu angapite pa nthaŵi yodikira.
  • [[FT: 0] Zima kapena kutseka zipangizo zonse zamagetsi [[FT:1] mukaloŵa m'khoti kapena m'chipinda chokambirana. Ngakhale foni yolira inganyozetse.
  • Khalanibe otseguka maganizo. Oweruza abwino kwambiri ndi awo amene amamvetsera mosamalitsa, kulingalira maumboni onse, ndi kuloŵa m’kukambitsirana ndi kufunitsitsa kukambitsirana.
  • Tsalani manotsi ngati aloledwa. Oweruza ena amalola kutenga mawu mkati mwa umboni. Ngati mukufuna, funsani wawawa kapena kalaliki.
  • Funsani mafunso. Ngati simukumvetsetsa mawu alamulo kapena malangizo, mungalembe kalata kwa woweruza. Musafunse wina kuti akufotokozereni mlanduwo.

Kumaliza

Ntchito ya Jury si thayo chabe; ndi mwaŵi umene umasunga dongosolo lathu la chilungamo. Mwakuyankha chiitanocho, mumatsimikizira kuti opanga zigamulo m'khoti ndi anthu a tsiku ndi tsiku amene abweretsa nzeru ndi chilungamo ku projekitiyo. Chokumana nachocho chingakhale chophunzitsa, chotokosa, ndi chosonkhezera. Pamene mufika, kuvomereza monga thayo. Kumvetsetsa njirayo, kukonzekera, ndi kutumikira ndi lingaliro lomvekera bwino la chifuno. Utumiki wanu umathandiza dongosolo lalamulo kukwaniritsa lonjezo lake la chilungamo chosakondera kwa onse.

Kuti muŵerenge, fufuzaninso U.S. tsamba la utumiki wa oweruza [[FLT :1] kaamba ka malamulo a boma ndi webusaiti yanu ya khomo ya chigawo [[FLT :2] kaamba ka njira za kumaloko. Kuwona kusweka kwatsatanetsatane kwa ziyeneretso za jur ndi boma, [[FLT:] American Bar Association imaperekanso chitsogozo chothandiza.