Kumvetsa Malo Osamalira Zaumoyo a M’deralo: Maziko a Anthu Okhala Bwino

Kufikira kwa anthu a zaumoyo kwa kumaloko kuli kukhoza kwa anthu kupeza mautumiki a panthaŵi yake, okhoza kukwera, ndi oyenerera m'mudzi wawo. Sikukhala kokha kukhala ndi chipatala kapena chipatala; ndiko lingaliro lamitundu yosiyanasiyana limene limasankha ngati nzikazo zingalandiredi chisamaliro pamene zikufunikira. Bungwe la Zaumoyo la World Health limalongosola kukhala “kupeza njira yopezera chithandizo cha thanzi m’mikhalidwe yoyenerera ya kusoŵa,” imene imadalira pamiyeso isanu ya maziko: kuthekera, kupezeka, kuthekera, kuthekera, kukhoza, ndi kulandiridwa ndi kutchedwa ndi kupezeka kwa“ 5 kwa kukhoza kwa zaumoyo. .

Miyezo Isanu ya Kupeza Thanzi

Kupezeka: Zopereka Zokwanira

Kupezeka kwa mankhwala kumatanthauza ngati pali zipangizo zokwanira zothandizira odwala m’dera lina. Zimenezi zimaphatikizapo zipatala, zipatala zoyambirira, maofesi, malo osamalira odwala mwamsanga, zipatala za matenda a maganizo, ndi njira za mano zoyendera anthu a ku United States. Zipatala zokwanira zokhala ndi odwala matenda a zachipatala (HRSA) zimatchula anthu opitirira 100 miliyoni omwe ali ndi mphamvu yochepa yowasamalira kuti ayende ulendo wautali kapena kuti azikhala ndi anthu osoŵa. Mwachitsanzo, anthu oposa 7,000 HPSA amadziwika ku United States, ndipo anthu ocheperapo ndi anthu osoŵa kuti ayendere kutali kapena kuti apeze chithandizo chapamwamba.

Kupezeka: Zenizeni za Malo Ozungulira ndi Zamayendedwe

Kupezekako kumaposa kupezeka kwa malo; kumatsimikizira ngati anthu angafikire ku mautumiki amenewo. Zopinga za zoyendera zili zina za zopinga zotchulidwa kwambiri zofunikira kusamalira, makamaka m'madera akumidzi kumene kudutsa anthu kuli kutali. 2022 kafukufuku wa Nationalal Institutes of Health [ anapeza kuti pafupifupi 5.8 miliyoni ya Amereka amachedwetsa chisamaliro cha mankhwala chaka chilichonse chifukwa chakuti alibe zoyendera zodalirika. Kupezeka kumaphatikizaponso kuyenda, mikhalidwe ya misewu, kupezeka kwa magalimoto, ndi mautumiki ku sukulu, ntchito, ndi malo ogonako.

Kugona: Mmene Mautumiki Amathandizira Wodwala

Kukonza malo ogona kumasonyeza mmene mautumiki a zaumoyo amalinganizidwira bwino kuti akwaniritse ndandanda ndi ziyembekezo za odwala. Zimenezi zimaphatikizapo maola akiliniki (m’chitsanzo, madzulo ndi kumapeto a mlungu), kuyembekezera nthaŵi, njira zoyendera, mautumiki omasulira zinenero, ndi kuzindikira kwa anthu a pa ntchito. Pamene zipatala zikugwira ntchito kokha m’maola a mabizinesi, achikulire ogwira ntchito angavutike kupezeka pa mayeso popanda kupuma. Mofananamo, odwala amene satha kulankhula Chingelezi kaŵirikaŵiri amayang'anizana ndi nthaŵi yaitali kapena kukumana ndi mautumiki omasulira ngati sapezeka.

Kuchepa Koyenera: Mtengo ndi Kuwonongedwa kwa Inshuwalansi

Kulephera kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama ndi vuto limene limakhala lodziŵika kwambiri. Ngakhale pamene mautumiki alipo pafupi, ndalama zambiri zowonongera ndalama, ndalama zolipirira, ndalama zolipirira, ndi kusoŵa kwa inshuwalansi zingaletse anthu kufunafuna chisamaliro. Bungwe la Census Bureaution la United States kaŵirikaŵiri likuonetsa kuti pafupifupi anthu 27.5 miliyoni analibe inshuwalansi ya thanzi mu 2021, ndipo mamiliyoni ena anasungidwa. Kusinthaku kumaphatikizaponso ndalama zosadziŵika monga malipiro otayika panthaŵi ya maulendo a zamankhwala ndi ndalama zoyendera.

Kuvomereza: Kukhulupirira ndi Kutsatira Chikhalidwe

Kuvomerezedwa kumasonyeza ngati mautumiki a zaumoyo ali olemekeza ndi ovomereza zikhulupiriro zoleza mtima, zokonda, ndi chikhalidwe. Odwala ali othekera kwambiri kutsatira uphungu wa zamankhwala ndi kusunga chisamaliro chanthaŵi zonse pamene osamalira akusonyeza kuzoloŵera kwa chikhalidwe. Tsankho, tsankho, kapena mbiri ya kuchitiridwa nkhanza (monga ngati Tuskegee cokosorling ) angawononge chidaliro, makamaka pakati pa anthu a mafuko ndi mafuko ochepa. Kuthekera kwa Umoyo ndi Chilungamo. [[FL: 0] Kufuna kusamala za Umoyo Lipoti lopitirizabe kusoŵako m’maonekedwe a anthu a Black, Hispanishing, ndi Irison, osonkhezeredwa ndi mbali ya kuvomerezedwa ndi mautumiki apamwamba.

Kufunika kwa Kudziŵa Zaumoyo M’deralo: Chifukwa Chake N’zofunika kwa Aliyense Ndiponso M’midzi

Pamene anthu apeza chisamaliro chosavuta, chiŵerengero cha imfa chimatsika, amayang’anira bwino matenda osatha, ndipo kuchepetsa chisamaliro cha thanzi kumawononga nthaŵi yaitali.

Kuteteza Matenda ndi Kutulukira Mwamsanga

Kufikira kwanthaŵi zonse ku chisamaliro chachikulu kumatheketsa mautumiki otetezera monga ngati kutsekereza, kupima kansa, kupima BP, ndi kupima cholesterol. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) kuyerekezera kuti 60% ya anthu achikulire a ku America ali ndi matenda aakulu amodzi, ndipo ambiri a mikhalidwe imeneyi angapeŵedwe kapena kuchedwetsedwa ndi kupendedwa kwanthaŵi zonse. Mwachitsanzo, chiŵerengero cha kansa ya mumbala yopima cha pafupifupi 20% m’madera okhala ndi mphamvu yoyambirira yosamalira poyerekezera ndi madera osungidwa. Kufufuza koyambirira sikumapulumutsa moyo wokha komanso kumachepetsa vuto la ndalama la kuchiritsa kwapamwamba kwa steo.

Kusamalira Mikhalidwe Yosachiritsika

Matenda osatha monga matenda a shuga, asma, ndi mtima amafunikira kuyang'anira nthaŵi zonse, kumamatira mankhwala, ndi kutsata nthaŵi zonse. Kupezeka kwa akatswiri, maprogramu osamalira matenda, ndi maphunziro ochiritsa kumathandiza anthu kukhala ndi mavuto. American Diabetes Association ikusimba kuti odwala odwala matenda a shuga amene amadwala matenda oopsa sadwala matenda oopsa monga kulephera kugwiritsa ntchito impso kapena kutsekeka. Popanda osamalira odwala, nthaŵi zambiri amadalira pa zipinda zangozi kuti apeze mavuto aakulu, omwe ali odula ndiponso osathandiza kwenikweni kuposa chisamaliro chachikulu.

Chisamaliro Chadzidzidzi ndi Kulabadira Kovuta

Zinthu zoopsa monga matenda a mtima, sitroko, kuvulala kwambiri, ndi kusamvana ndi matenda zimafuna chithandizo cha mwamsanga. Kuthandiza dipatimenti ya zangozi kapena malo othandizira anthu ovutika maganizo ndi chinthu chofunika kwambiri kuti apulumuke. Odwala Stroko amene amafika pa “ola lagolide" (maminitsi 60) ali ndi zotsatirapo zabwinopo, koma anthu akumidzi nthaŵi zambiri amayang'anizana ndi kukwera kwa mphindi 60 chifukwa cha kutsekedwa kwa malo. Kutsekedwa kwa zipatala za m’midzi ku United States kwawonjezeka m’zaka khumi zapitazo, ndi zipatala zoposa 140 zotsekera kumbuyo kwa madera akumidzi kuyambira 2010, zomwe zikuwononga kwambiri chisamaliro chamwayi.

Thanzi Lamaganizo ndi Kugwiritsira Ntchito Zomwe Amafunikira

Kufikira kwa odwala a maganizo kwa kumaloko kuli kofunika mofanana. National Institute of Mental Health kumasonyeza kuti pafupifupi mmodzi mwa achikulire asanu a ku United States amakhala ndi matenda a maganizo, komabe oposa theka samalandira chithandizo chamwamsanga chifukwa chakuti palibe njira yothandizira. Kugwiritsira ntchito mankhwala osokoneza maganizo, kumafunikira chithandizo cha mankhwala, uphungu, ndi chichirikizo cha anthu. Anthu okhala ndi moyo wochepa amawona kudzipha kowonjezereka, maulendo angozi a matenda a maganizo, ndi kusowa pokhala kokulirapo. Telehealth adatulukira monga chothetsera cha chigawo, koma odwala ambiri akusoŵabe mankhwala opha, uphungu, ndi mayanjano a anthu.

Chiyambukiro pa Anthu Osoŵa Thanzi

Magulu osoŵa chithandizo . Kuphatikizapo okalamba, mabanja olandira ndalama zochepa, anthu olumala, osamukira ku madera ena, ndi a mafuko ochepa kwambiri . Anthu ameneŵa kaŵirikaŵiri amayang'anizana ndi mavuto aakulu a kusasamala zaumoyo. Kulimbana ndi mavuto monga kusiyana kwa zachuma, zinenero, kusaphunzira bwino za thanzi, ndi tsankho. Mwachitsanzo, Medicare a m'madera akumidzi ndi 60% amene angaiwale chisamaliro chofunika kwambiri kuposa anthu a m’madera a m’tauni. Kulankhula ndi anthu ameneŵa si nkhani ya chilungamo chabe; kuwongolera thanzi la anthu onse. Bungwe la zaumoyo la World Health Organization lanena kwanthaŵi yaitali kuti “ndiyeye wa anthu oyenera kupezeka ndikuti kuyenerera kwa anthu kuli thayo lalikulu la maboma ndi madongosolo a zaumoyo.

Mavuto Ofunika pa Zaumoyo Wakumene Tikukhala

Ngakhale kuti anthu ambiri amavutika kwambiri chifukwa cha kufunika kwake, kuderali kuli zinthu zoopsa zimene zimalepheretsa anthu kupeza njira zosamalira thanzi.

Kupereŵera kwa Ntchito

United States akuyang'anizana ndi kupereŵera kwa madokotala okwanira 124,000 pa 2034, okhala ndi chisamaliro chachikulu ndi madera akumidzi oyambukiridwa kwambiri. Manesi, adokotala, ndi akatswiri a zaumoyo alinso opereŵera. Bungwe la Association of American Medical Colleges lanena kuti pafupifupi 60% ya HPS As kumadera akumidzi kapena chigawo chakumidzi. Kupereŵera kwa ntchito kumatsogolera ku ku kuyembekezera nthaŵi yaitali, kuchepetsa kupitirizabe kwa chisamaliro, ndi kupsa ndi kupsa ndi ntchito pakati pa otsala. M'ziwerengero zina, nzika ziyenera kuyembekezera miyezi isanu ndi umodzi kufikira ku ku kuyang'anira kwa wodwala wamkulu.

Kusiyana Malo: Kumadera akumidzi ndi ku Ulendo wa ku Urban

Midzi ya kumidzi ikukumana ndi mavuto aakulu kuposa kuchuluka kwa anthu a m’tauni. Ofesi ya Boma la United States ikusimba kuti anthu akumidzi ali ndi zipatala zochepa, akatswiri, ndi mautumiki a zamwadzidzidzi. Chiyambire 2010, zipatala zakumidzi zoposa 150 zatseka kapena kusinthidwa kukhala malo othandizira ocheperapo, kusiya madera aakulu opanda chisamaliro chakuchipatala. Mautumiki a Obstetric akutha pamlingo wowopsa; oposa 50% ya anthu akumidzi alibe malo oberekera odalira pachipatala, zotsatira zake za “zisumbu zosungirako anthu osoŵa chithandizo cha ana a ana a amayi . Kuwonjezera ngozi ya imfa za ana.

Malipilo a Inshuwalansi

Ngakhale ndi Affordal Care Act, mamiliyoni adakali osasungidwa kapena osasungidwa. Maboma amene sanakulitse Medicaid ali ndi ziŵerengero zokulirapo zosasungidwa kwa achikulire opeza ndalama zochepa. Popanda inshuwalansi, anthu amachedwetsa kufikira mikhalidwe itakhala yoipa, kuchititsa kukwera mtengo ndi zotsatirapo zoipa. Odwala odwalawo amayang'anizana ndi ndalama zambiri zopereŵera ndi malipiro amene amawalepheretsa kudzaza ndi kutsata madokota kapena kutsatira akatswiri. Bungwe la Commoverfety Fund limayerekezera kuti munthu mmodzi mwa anayi achikulire ogwira ntchito amavutika, kutanthauza kuti amawononga ndalama zawo zaumoyo pa ndalama 10%.

Kudziwa Kuwerenga ndi Kuphunzira Kudziwa Kuyenda Pandege

Kudziŵa zaumoyo . Kukhoza kupeza, kukonza, ndi kumvetsa chidziŵitso cha thanzi, ndi chinthu chofunika kwambiri komanso chonyalanyazidwa. Madokotala a National Assess of Adult Literacy anapeza kuti 12 peresenti yokha ya achikulire a ku United States ndi amene ali ndi luso la kutha kuphunzira za thanzi. Odwala ambiri amavutika kumvetsa malamulo a inshuwalansi, malangizo a mankhwala, kapena mmene angakonzere kulinganiza. Makompyuta oyendera zinthu, asanapereke chilolezo, ndi mabuku a zaumoyo odulidwa movutikira. Odwala omwe sadziŵa bwino ntchito ya zaumoyo amalephera kuletsa ntchito, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala, ndiponso amapita kuchipatala chifukwa cha kuopa kusoŵa kwa zinthu.

Zopinga za Lamulo ndi Kukhazikitsa Malamulo

Malamulo apamwamba a boma angaletse kuzoloŵera kwa osamalira anamwino, adokotala, ndi ogulitsa mankhwala, kuchepetsa kukhoza kwawo kupereka chisamaliro m'malo osungidwa. Malamulo a pepala a osoŵa m'maiko ena amafuna chilolezo cha lamulo asanapange malo atsopano kapena mautumiki owonjezereka, amene angaletse kusintha. Kuwonjezera apo, zilehealth zoletsa kuyendera munthu wa abere asanakane ndi odwala amene amadalira chisamaliro chakutali. Masinthidwe a malamulo amene amachepetsa ziletso zimenezi asonyezedwa kuwongolera njira zoyendera popanda kulolera molakwa.

Zochita Zothandiza Kusamalira Thanzi Lanu

Kuti tigonjetse vutoli, tiyenera kugwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana zothandizira anthu odwala, mabungwe a m’dera lathu, ndiponso zipangizo zamakono. Njira zotsatirazi zathandiza kwambiri kuti anthu afike kumaloko.

Ntchito Yofutukula Telehehealth

Telehealth inaphulika mkati mwa mliri wa Chovid-19 ndipo yakhala yosatha. Imachepetsa nthaŵi ya ulendo, imalola akatswiri kufika kumadera akumidzi, ndi kuchirikiza kuyang'anira matenda osatha kuchokera kunyumba. Dipatimenti ya Health ndi Human Service inasimba kuti maulendo a patelehealth anawonjezeka ndi 63 m'chaka choyamba cha mliriwu. Kuchirikiza zipambano, malamulo ayenera kukhazikitsa kulowa kwa Banbac, kubwezera telemedicine , ndi kuthandizira anthu odwala ndi kuchepetsako kwa mathangalansi.

Maprogramu a Antchito Aumoyo a M’chitaganya

Antchito zaumoyo wa anthu (CHWs) odalirika kwambiri amene amagwirizanitsa anthu a m'dzikolo kuti apite ku mautumiki, amapereka maphunziro a zaumoyo, ndi kupereka chithandizo cha anthu. Ma CHW ali ogwira ntchito kwambiri m'midzi yaing'ono yosagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anthu osamukira ku . 2021 kupenda laibulale ya Medicine inapeza kuti kuloŵerera kwa kansa kumawonjezera kwambiri kupima, kuwongolera kuyendetsa kwa magazi, ndi kuchepetsa kutsalira kwa chipatala. Kupereka Mpikisano wa CHW ndi mapikitala othandizira anthu opereka chithandizo kungakhoze ku mipata pakati pa chithandizo ndi anthu ofunikira.

Machipatala Oyenda Pamanja ndi Malo Osamalira Thanzi a ku Sukulu

Zipatala zapamanja zimapereka chisamaliro chachikulu, machiritso a mano, ndi makompyuta otetezera mwachindunji ku madera opanda zipatala. Bungwe la Mobile Healthcare Association limayerekezera kuti pali magulu athanzi oposa 2,000 mu U.S., iliyonse ikugwira ntchito mazana kufikira ku zikwi zambiri za odwala. Mofananamo, malo a zaumoyo a sukulu amapereka chisamaliro chabwino kwa ana ndi achichepere, kusamalira chilichonse kuchokera ku katemera wa matenda a maganizo mpaka ku uphungu wa za za za matenda. Maseŵero ameneŵa amachotsa zopinga zoyendera ndipo angaperekedwe ku madera owonongeka ndi masoka achilengedwe kapena mankhwala oletsa matenda.

Kupita Patsogolo ndi Kusunga Ntchito

Kupereŵera kwa antchito kumafuna maprogramu ofunsira ndi osunga zinthu. Maprogramu a kubwezera, monga ngati National Health Service Corps, operekera chithandizo kuti agwire ntchito ku HPS Monga mwa kubwezera ngongole za ophunzira posinthana ndi ntchito. Kufutukula maprogramu a paipi amene amaphunzitsa midzi ndi ophunzira ochepa angapange ntchito zosiyanasiyana ndi za malo osiyanasiyana. Maprogramu osamalira monga Project ECHO amalola osamalira malo osungidwa kuti akumane ndi akatswiri a zachipatala, kuwonjezereka kwa maprogramumboni a chigawo chakumayang'anira mikhalidwe yovuta.

Kuphunzira ndi Kuyenda Pandege Moleza Mtima

Kuwongolera kuwerenga ndi kulemba kwa zamankhwala kupatsa odwala mphamvu kuti apange zosankha ndi kugwiritsa ntchito bwino njira. Njira zosavuta monga zipangizo za zinenero zosavuta, kuphunzitsa njira zobwerera kumbuyo, ndi ntchito zoyendera zotha ntchito (kumene anthu ophunzitsidwa bwino amatsogolera odwala kudzera pa malo, mafomu a inshuwalansi, ndi ma acherecrate) zakhala zothandiza. Odwalawa akupereka umboni wosonyeza kuti oyendetsa ndege ali ndi thanzi labwino. Madongosolo a zaumoyo angagwiritsitse ntchito zolembera za zaumoyo, kugwiritsa ntchito machekerera a anthu kuti agwiritse ntchito chinenero chosavuta kapena kugaŵira chithandizo cha maso.

Kusintha Zinthu pa Nkhani ya Malamulo ndi Inshuwalansi

Kuphunzira kwa Medicaid kufutukuka kwa Medicaid, zitsanzo zoperekedwa, ndi kuchotsedwa kwa malamulo oletsa ochitidwa kukhoza kuwongolera kwambiri kupezeka. Maboma amene anafutukuka Medicaid adawona kutsika kwakukulu m'zithandizo zosasamala ndi kuchedwa kochepera. Zoyesayesa za malamulo ziyeneranso kusumika maganizo pa kukhazikitsa zipatala za m’midzi kupyolera mwa kubwezeredwa ndalama ndi zitsanzo zina zobwezera mphotho zimene zimafupa thanzi la anthu mmalo mwa unyinji wa. Malo a zaumoyo (Malikulu Oyenerera a Thanzi) amadalira pa zopereka zothandizira za boma ndi kulandira ndalama zowonjezereka kuti apitirizebe kutumikira nzika zisanu za kumidzi.

Kumaliza

Kufikira kwaumoyo kwa kumaloko sikuli kuchepetsa kwabwino koma kukhazikika kwakukulu kwa thanzi la anthu, kukhazikika kwa chuma, ndi kulingana kwa anthu. Pamene anthu akuyang'anizana ndi zopinga zosatha za ntchito . Kusoŵa kwa ntchito, kusoŵa malo akutali, malo odzipatula, malo ovuta a inshuwalansi, ndi mavuto a zaumoyo . Nkofunika kukhazikitsa njira zothetsera mavuto asanu opezeka. Kukula kwa thanzi la anthu, antchito, kupita patsogolo kwa ntchito, ndi kusintha kwa malamulo onse amapatsa njira za njira zimene aliyense angapezere nthaŵi yake, zoyenerera, ndi zosamalira mwaulemu. Mwakuika ndalama za kumaloko lerolino, timayala maziko a thanzi, owonjezereka kwa mibadwo yambiri kuti afike.