Kumvetsetsa Kuipitsa Zinthu Monga Chiŵiya Chandale

Kufufuza ndi njira yotsutsana ndi anthu ofufuza imene imagwira ntchito makamaka pa nthawi ya ndale pokopa ovota powagwiritsa ntchito. Mosiyana ndi kafukufuku wa anthu amwambo, amene amafuna kupima maganizo awo popanda kukondera, amakakamiza anthu kugwiritsa ntchito dala, kusokeretsa, kapena kufunsa mafunso ochititsa chidwi kuti apange kaonedwe ka anthu ofuna kubatizidwa kapena nkhani. Kachitidweka kamasokoneza kwambiri mfundo za pakati pa kufufuza ndi kukopa, kuyambitsa mafunso aakulu okhudza kuonekera bwino kwa munthu, makhalidwe, ndi thanzi la nkhani za demokrase. Ngakhale kuti malamulo ambiri a boma alephera kumasulira zinthu, magulu achitatu a anthu a m'mayiko amalola kuti akaundulawo ayambe ndi kuyankha ndi kulephera kuyankha kopanda pake.

Mawu akuti “kufufuza kwa polisi” kumamvedwa molakwika. Kufufuza kwenikweni sikuli kufufuza kowona; ndiko mtundu wa kusatsa malonda konyenga kobisika monga kufufuza. Nthaŵi zambiri kumachitika pa foni, kudzera m'mapulatifomu, kapena kudzera pa Intaneti, zimenezi“ zoipitsa” zimafunsa mafunso onga, “Kodi mungakhale ndi mpata wosankha X ngati mukudziŵa kuti anaimbidwa mlandu wa khalidwe lopanda pake? Mafunso ameneŵa saa cholinga chosonkhanitsa chidziŵitso koma kukhazikitsa mayanjano oipa a wovoti. [[FLT:] . .NAF:] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Mkangano wokhudza kuchititsa kufufuzako umakhudza kwambiri chinyengo. Ofufuza sauzidwa kaŵirikaŵiri kuti kuitanirako sikuli kusanthula kwenikweni, ndipo mafunsowo amakonzedwa kuti apeze mayankho a malingaliro mmalo mwa malingaliro enieni. Kusintha kumeneku kumafooketsa chivomerezo chamwambo chakuti njira zofufuzira za makhalidwe abwino zimafuna ndipo kungasokoneze chidziŵitso cha anthu cha mafalishoni. Kampeni ndi mabungwe oulutsa nkhani zimachita mowonekera bwino ponena za ntchito zimenezi m’njira zosiyanasiyana, iriyonse yokhala ndi ziyambukiro zazikulu kaamba ka kudalira kwa wosankha.

Mmene Mkupiti Umakhudzira Kuipitsa Zinthu

Kampeni zikuyang'anizana ndi vuto lalikulu polingalira za kukakamiza kusanthula. Pambali imodzi, njirayo ingakhale yogwira ntchito kwambiri posonkhezera osankha otsutsa osadziŵa bwino kapena kulimbikitsa malingaliro oipa a wopikisana. Komanso, kugwidwa mwa kugwiritsira ntchito njira zonyenga kukhoza kuwononga mbiri ya mkupiti, kuitanira kuyang'anitsiridwa kwa wailesi, ndi kuyambitsa kutseguka kwa ovota ndi magulu olonda. Monga chotulukapo chake, kachitidwe ka kuwonekera kowonekera bwino kamasiyanasiyana.

Kugwiritsa Ntchito Malo Osungira Zinthu Zokwanira

Ndende zina zimasankha kukhala zongopeka pa ntchito zawo zofufuza. Zingavumbule kuti zikuchititsa “kufufuza kwa ndale” ndi kuzindikira gulu lochirikiza kapena woloŵa. Komabe, ngakhale m’nkhani zimenezi, mtundu wa mafunso sulongosoledwa kaŵirikaŵiri. Kaŵirikaŵiri, ndawala zimagwira ntchito mobisa. Kufufuza kochitidwa kaŵirikaŵiri kumalekezedwa kwa alangizi andale zadziko odziimira okha kapena magulu achitatu amene amagwira ntchito pansi pa maina otchuka onga “Kupanga Mayeso Abwino a Mtsogolo. Kubisa magwero enieni. Voters sadziŵa njira yodziŵira kuti kuyendera kogwirizana ndi ndawala ina, kupangitsa kukhala kosatheka kupenda kudalirika kwa chidziŵitso choperekedwa.

Malo Opangira Mafule ndi Mabowo a Malamulo

Ku United States, kukakamiza kufufuza kumaikidwa pa mlingo wa boma, ndipo malamulo amasiyana kwambiri. Maboma ambiri amafuna kuti anthu oimba telefoni aulule chizindikiritso cha gulu lolipiridwa pa kufufuzako, koma lamulo la kuletsa kaŵirikaŵiri nlopeputsa. Federal Communications Commissions (FCC) lili ndi malamulo onena za malo ofufuzira, koma sakhazikitsa mwachindunji maderesi ofunsira monga ntchito yosiyana. Lipoti lochokera ku [FLT: 0] National Conference of State Legislatures [1] lanena kuti ochepera pa theka la maboma ali ndi malamulo ofunikira kutembenuza poyera. Ntchito imeneyi ya malamulo yotsendereza. Mwachitsanzo, ntchito yogwirizana ndi malamulo okhwima ingamatsendereze m'dzikolo, mwa kutumiza malamulo ovuta kwambiri.

Kalculus Waluso

Mamanejala a ndawala a mpikisano amayesa mapindu achidule a kufufuzira ndi mtengo wautali. Miseche ina tsopano imatsatira malamulo a m’kati mwa dziko amene amaletsa njirayo, kuiona ngati chidemokrase. Ena amatsutsa kugwiritsa ntchito kwake mwa kunena kuti otsutsawo ayamba kale kupanga njira zofanana, kuyambitsa mpikisano wa mfundo zolakwika. Kusoŵa kwa makhalidwe abwino ofanana pa indasitale kumatanthauza kuti kuwala kaŵirikaŵiri kumawonongeka ndi kupikisana. Voters, posachedwa, kumasiyidwa kuti ayendere malo kumene sangasiyane mosavuta ndi kusanthula kovomerezeka kovomerezeka ndi kukopa, kuchititsa kukayikirana m'kufufuza kogwirizana.

Mbali ya Oulutsa Nkhani m’Kuvumbula ndi Kusintha

Mabungwe a nyuzi amafufuza mosamala kwambiri pofufuza, koma kuti azitha kuonetsa zinthu, kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi, ndiponso kubisa zinthu.

Kufufuza Nkhani ya Kuwononga Ntchito

Manyuzipepala aakulu ndi malo ofufuzira afukula nthaŵi zina apeza makampani ofunsira ndi kuwachititsa kuonekera kwa anthu. Mwachitsanzo, mkati mwa chisankho cha pulezidenti wa United States, atolankhani anatulukira kukakamiza ofufuza ofufuza m'maiko angapo ndi mawu onama onena za malo a oyembekezera. Nkhani zimenezi kaŵirikaŵiri zimadalira pa malangizo a osankha amene alandira mafoni okayikira kapena oimba malikhweretsa m'makampani ofunsira. Komabe, windo la mwaŵi nlofupika: machita kafukufuku angakhale masiku oŵerengeka okha, ndipo pofika nthaŵi imene nkhani inafalitsidwa, ziyambukiro zake zingakhale zitamvedwa kale.

Kusaka ndi Kuphunzitsa Zopangapanga

Mabungwe a nyuzi amachitanso mbali m'kufufuza kopekera. Pamene kufufuza kokakamiza kukhudza chinenezo chonama, ofufuza mfundo angachichotse ndi kuthandiza ovota kumvetsa choonadi. Mwachitsanzo, FacctC. org lafalitsa zitsogozo zodziŵira kukakamiza kusanthula ndi kumasulira kuti si zolondola. Malamulo ena amapita patsogolo mwa kufotokoza kusiyana pakati pa kufunsira kokakamiza ndi malingaliro enieni, monga aja ochitidwa ndi Pew Research Center kapena Gallup, amene amatsatira njira zopimira. Mwa kukweza, oulutsa mawu angapereketse mafoni osayenerera, monga ngati mabodza osalembedwa mochenjera.

Mavuto Amene Amakhalapo Poulutsa Nkhani

Ngakhale kuti pali zoyesayesa zimenezi, kufalitsa nkhani zokopa anthu kaŵirikaŵiri n’kosakwanira. Chifukwa chakuti kufunsira kokakamiza kumachitidwa mwamseri, atolankhani angavutike kupeza tsatanetsatane wa zimene akuwachitira, kuchuluka kwa mafoni amene apangidwa, ndi mawu enieni a mafunso. Mkupiti wotsutsa kugaŵira chidziŵitso chimenecho, ndipo magulu achitatu safunikira kugawana. Kuwonjezera apo, kuchuluka kwa kulankhulana kwa mkupiti kumachititsa kuti kukhale kovuta kwa munthu aliyense kuyang'anitsitsa machita onse achinyengo. Monga chotulukapo chake, kupotoza mapepala otsa malonda osatsa malonda, ndipo Revota sazindikirabe zoyesayesa za kuyendetsa malingaliro awo.

Mavuto Oti Ndiziyang’anira Malo Oyera

Mabungwe angapo ndi makhalidwe amapanga kuwonekera kwa kukakamiza kupenda kukhala kovuta kwambiri kukwaniritsa, ngakhale pamene ponse paŵiri mkupiti ndi manyuzipepala zikufuna kukhala zotseguka kwambiri.

Kulephera Mwadala Chifukwa cha Mkupiti

Kampeni zimachita zambiri kubisa cholinga cha kufufuza. Iwo angagwiritsire ntchito manambala a telefoni, mawebusaiti otayika, ndi zilembo zosatchula dzina la wofunsira. Zina zofufuzira zimalembedwa mkati mwa nthaŵi yaitali, zooneka kukhala zosatenga mbali kuti ziwone cholinga chawo. Cholinga nchakuti pakhale kulephera kuoneka bwino: ngati atafunsidwa, mkupitiwo unganene kuti unali wofufuza walamulo, osati kusanthula. M'zolemba zachinsinsi ndi chimodzi mwa zopinga zazikulu kwambiri zounikira, monga momwe zimaletsera Rovita, atolankhani, ndipo ngakhalenso kuchititsa matupikitsa kuti atsimikizire mkhalidwe weniweni wa kulirako.

Kulephera Kudziŵa Zinthu Zochepa

Ngakhale pamene atolankhani apeza kuti pali kufunsira kokakamiza, kupezeka kwa zinthu zotsatizana n’kosatheka. Mosiyana ndi mapendedwe ovomerezeka, amene nthaŵi zambiri amatsagana ndi manotsi a njira zogwirira ntchito ndipo nthaŵi zina ndi chidziŵitso chosakonzedwa bwino, kukakamiza kufufuza kutulutsa umboni wapoyera. Zotsatirapozo n’zolembedwa . Ngati zina zalembedwa mwapadera zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyesa kugwiritsa ntchito kulembera mawu kapena kutumiza maganizo olakwika. Popanda kutumiza mawu olembedwa, anthu ogwirizana, kapena kuchuluka kwa kufunsa mafunso, malipoti afunikira kudalira pa umboni wa a ecdotal ndi kulengeza kwa mwini yekha. Zimenezi zimachepetsa kuchuluka kwa kufufuza kwa kaundula ndi kuonetsa kugwiritsa ntchito kopasa.

Kuzindikira Zovala ndi Kukayikira

Ovota ambiri alibe chidziŵitso chakudziŵikitsa kufunsira kokakamiza pamene akumana ndi mmodzi. Iwo sangamvetsetse kusiyana kwa kufufuza kochitidwa ndi sayansi ndi kuitanira . Ngakhale pamene alingalira kuti kanthu kena kali kopeka, kaŵirikaŵiri amapasa osasimba kwa olamulira alionse kapena kuulutsa nkhani. Magulu amaphunziro onga [[FLT:] Pew Research Center [1] Ayesa kukulitsa kuwerenga ndi kulemba, koma zoyesayesa zimenezi zimachitidwa mwachidule ndi kutsata kutsata. Malinga ngati Focioda akhalabe zigoli, mikupi ipitiriza kugwiritsira ntchito njira ya .

Kutsekereza ndi Kukakamiza

Monga momwe kwatchulidwira poyamba, malamulo a boma ngosasintha, ndipo uyang'aniro wa boma ngwaufupi. Ngakhale kumene kuvumbula kumafunikiridwa, kusungidwa kwa lamulo kwa ndalama sikumachitidwa nthaŵi zina. Malamulo a kampeni akugwira ntchito ngati kukakamiza kusanthulako kumalingaliridwa kukhala mtundu wa kulankhulana, koma mafotokozedwe ngosamveka. Federal Ecount Commission (FAC) yakhala ikukakamizidwa kusanthula monga koletsedwa pa zofunika zina zodziŵikitsidwa, ikumati ndi mtundu wa kusanthula mmalo mwa kusonyeza kusanthula. Malo ofufuzidwawo akunja ameneŵa amatuluka chitseko cha nkhanza. Popanda malamulo omveka bwino ndi chilango, kuonekera bwino kudzakhalabe chosankha chaufulu osati lamulo lalamulo.

Mmene Njinga Zingadziŵire ndi Kulabadira Kusonkhezera Zoipa

Kupatsa mphamvu anthu ovota ndi mbali yofunika kwambiri ya njira iliyonse yoonera. Ngati anthu azindikira kuti anthu akukakamiza kufunsirako ndi kuchita zinthu moyenerera, njirayi imatha mphamvu yake. Zisonyezero zotsatirazi zingathandize otola kusiyanitsa kukakamiza anthu kusanthula kovomerezeka ndi kufufuza kovomerezeka:

  • Momvetsa chisoni mafunso ovuta : Zofufuza zenizeni zimalankhula chilankhulo chosaloŵerera. Kufufuza kokakamiza kaŵirikaŵiri kumafunsa mafunso amene angafune chidziŵitso choipa ponena za wofunsira.
  • Lack of appony : Wofufuza wovomerezeka adzadziŵikitsa gulu lochirikiza ndi kulongosola kuti chiitanocho chiri kaamba ka zifuno za kufufuza. Kufufuza kokakamiza kaŵirikaŵiri kumapeŵa kuvumbula koteroko.
  • Kufufuza kwachidule kwambiri: Kufufuza kochuluka kuli ndi mafunso amodzi kapena aŵiri ofufuzidwa, pamene kuli kwakuti mavoti enieni ali ndi mafunso 12 kapena kuposapo okhudza nkhani zambiri.
  • Palibe mafunso a anthu kapena zotsatira: Kufufuza kolunjika kosonkhanitsa chidziŵitso cha anthu olingana ndi kulemera. Kufufuza kokakamiza kumanyalanyaza sitepe limeneli chifukwa chakuti sakufuna kupima malingaliro a anthu.
  • foni zolembedwa kapena zolembedwa pasadakhale [[FL:1] : Pamene kuli kwakuti mavoti ena enieni amagwiritsira ntchito madongosolo oyendera, kufunsira kochuluka kumachitidwa mwa kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zotsika.

Ngati wovota akayikira kuti walandira kufunsira kokakamiza, ayenera kuimika ndi kusimba chiŵerengero kwa akuluakulu a chisankho kapena Federal Trade Commission . Iwo angagawananso chidziŵitso chawo ndi oulutsa nkhani za kumaloko, kupereka thamza lanthaŵi ndi, ngati nkotheka, kujambula kwa chiitano (chogonjera ku malamulo a chivomerezo). Mwa kuwonjezereka kwa kuwonekera kwa anthu kwa machitachita ameneŵa, ovotawo angathandize kuchititsa mkupiti wa machitachita.

Makhalidwe Abwino Kwambiri a Mkupiti ndi Zoulutsira Nkhani Akupitirizabe

Kuwongolera kuwonekera kwa kukakamiza kufunsira kudzafunikira masinthidwe ogwirizana m’kachitidwe ka ndawala, nkhani zoulutsidwa, ndi lamulo la anthu.

Miyezo ya Kusonyezana Mofunitsitsa ya Mkupiti

Kampeni zimene zikufuna kugwiritsa ntchito malamulo omveka bwino: Musagwiritsire ntchito mawu otsogolera kapena onama monga mbali ya kufufuza kulikonse; nthaŵi zonse tchulani gulu lochirikiza; ndipo apereke njira kwa ofunsidwa kuchotsa mafoni amtsogolo. Aphungu andale angasonyezenso umphumphu mwa kusaina malamulo a makhalidwe abwino ofanana ndi AAPOR. Ngakhale kuti kulolera kodzifunira kungasiyanitse ndawala m’munda wa anthu ambiri ndi kukulitsa kudalirana ndi ovota.

Kuyamba Kuyendera Zoulutsira Nkhani

Manyuzipepala angalinganize kuyang'anira kwawo kofufuza mwa kufunsira pamodzi ndi ofufuza amaphunziro kapena madoko olondera ngati ANNtenberg Public Policy Center . Kujambula kodzipereka kapena stem ya pa web kumene ovota anganene kuti anganene kuti akukayikira kuyambitsa ndandanda imene atolankhani ndi ofufuza angafufuze. Manyuzipepala a Media angayendenso ndi “kufufuza kwapadera [1] zigawo m'nyengo za masankhoti, zopereka zitsanzo ndi ndemanga za akatswiri. Kufika kwa pa malo oimbawa kukhoza kuonetsa zochitika zambiri ndi kudziŵitsa anthu nthaŵi yeniyeni.

Kusintha Mfundo za M’chikhalidwe ndi Malangizo

Olamulira pa zonse ziŵiri m'miyezo ya boma ndi ya boma ayenera kutsekereza zitseko zomwe zilipo. Zofunika zamphamvu . Zofunika monga kuvomereza kuti maulendo onse andale amaphatikizapo dzina la ndawala yochirikiza kapena PC . Kungachititse kuchititsa kukakamiza kufunsira kwa oseŵera. Masinthidwe, kuphatikizapo faindi ya kusatsa malonda, ziyenera kulimbitsidwa. FEC ikhoza kulamulira kuti machitachita ena ofufuza apange zopereka m'magulu, kuyambitsa ntchito yopereka malipilo. Pamene kuli kwakuti masinthidwe otero angayang'anizane ndi mavuto a lamulo ozikidwa pa kulankhula kwaufulu, amalephera mkupitikiti ya za ndawala yovomerezeka.

Kumaliza: Njira Yopezera Mlandu Wokulirapo

Kuwonana bwino ponena za kukakamiza kusanthula ndi kusathetsedwa kwa ponse paŵiri m'mabwalo a nyuzi ndi m'manyuzipepala. Kachitidweko kakupitirizabe chifukwa kamagwira ntchito: kangasonkhezere osankha osafufuza, kulimbikitsa malingaliro olakwika, ndi kugwira ntchito pansi pa radar ya kuyang'anira. Komabe, mtengo wake wautali ndi chisankho chosasintha kwambiri ndi chosasinthika. Pamene osankha akukhala ofufuza ndi mabungwe oulutsira nkhani oikamo ndalama zawo pa kufufuza, mapindu a kukakamiza kusanthula, angachepetsedwe. Njira ya kutsogolo imafunikira mipikisano yoyang'anira miyezo ya makhalidwe abwino, manyuzipepala akugwira ntchito monga malonda osalekeza, ndi opanga malamulo otsekera kutsekera mipata yapo. Potsirizira pake, mabungwe oonetsa malo otchuka amalimbitsa chidaliro, kutsimikizira kuti masankhoti apeza mfundo ndi malingaliro onyenga.