Kutanga: Chinoita Kuti Zvirongwa Zvehurumende Zvive Nezvazvinoita Paupenyu Hwako Hwezuva Nezuva

Hurumende yeUnited States inovakirwa pagadziriro yakasanorongwa yamapazu matatu akasiana: Legislative, Hurukuro, uye Juji. Uku kuparadzana kwamasimba hakusati kuri pfungwawo zvayo inobva mubhuku rehurumende (icho chinopesvedzera zvakananga kodzero dzako, chikwama chako, uye rusununguko rwako zuva rimwe nerimwe. Kubva pamitero yaunobhadhara kumhepo yaunofema, pakotsekano yezvokudya zvaunodya kusvikira kurusarudzo rwebasa rako, bazi riri rose rinoita basa. Kunzwisisa kuti aya mapazu anoshanda sei kunokupa simba kutungamirira kutsika, kuchengeta vakuru vakuru vachizvidavirira, uye kuita zvisarudzo zvokuziva pabhokisi rebhoroti.

Muiyi nhungamiro yakakudzwa, tinopfuura zvinhu zvinokosha kuti tinzvere mabasa omukati ebazu rimwe nerimwe, cheki nedzikamo zvinovachengeta vari mumutsara, uye simba renyika chairoiro razvinaro pauri. Ungave uri mudzidzi, muvhoti, kana kuti mugari wemo ane gwinyiro, kuziva michina yehurumende kunokubetsera kuva mutori wetanhiko inobudirira zvikuru muhurumende inosarudzwa navanhu.

Bazu Romutemo: Kuita Mitemo Inoumba Nyika Yako

Greislative Branch, inozivikanwa seCongress, ruoko rwokugadzira mutemo rwehurumende yehurumende yehurumende. Iro ibhiatamal, kureva kuti rine makamuri maviri: Imba yavamiriri neDare. Pamwe chete, vanoita mitemo inodzora chinhu chiri chose kubva kuzvoutano nedzidzo kusvikira kuchengeteko yenyika nemhoteredzo. Asi iri bazu rinoita sei chaizvoizvo, uye nei uchifanira kuva nehanya namabasa aro ezuva nezuva kusvikira kuzuva rimwe?

Imba Yavamiriri: Pedyo Nevanhu

Imba yavamiriri ine mitezo 435 yokuvhota, imwe neimwe inomirira ruwa rwedare mukati mehurumende. Nhamba yamaruwa pahurumende imwe yakavakirwa pachiverengero chavagari vemo, nehurumende dzine vanhu vakawanda zvikuru dzakadai seCalifornia (52) neTexas (36) dzine vamiririri vazhinji, nepo nyika duku dzakadai seVermont neWyoming dzine imwe chete. Vamiririri vanobatira mashoko amakore maviri, ayo anovamanikidza kutarisana nenzirongedzero kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji (a yairehwa kuvachengeta vachigamuchira zvinodikanwa zvapakarepo zvavana vavo.

Mafungu eImba anobatanidza:

  • [[[DHP:0] Kutora mari nechikwereti chemari:
  • [ Chikamu: Imba ine simba rimwe chete rokupa vakuru vakuru vehurumende, kubatanidza Purezidhendi.
  • Kupiwa: Mitezo inokarirwa kuratidzira fariro dzakasiana - siana dzechiverengero chavagari voruwa rwavo.

Imba inoshandawo mugadziriro yamatare(8) seDare reMitero neFract Office (miitiro yemitero) neDare reMitemo yeMitemo yeHondo) (nhau dzehondo) uko basa rakawanda rine udzame pamitemo rinoitwa. Gadziriro iyi yedare inobvumira kudzorwa nokusanoongororwa, asi inogonawo kudzosera nhevedzano.

Dare: Dare Rapamusoro Rokuzvisunungura

Dare rinoumbwa navamiriri vane 100, vaviri vanobva munyika imwe neimwe, vanobatira mashoko anozunguzirwa amakore matanhatu. Iri shoko refu nebvumirano yenyika yose rinopa vamiririri murangariro wakafara zvikuru uye kupfuudzira kukuru kubva pamurangariro wavanhu unochinja. Masimba eDare echienzi anobatanidza kusimbisa kugadzwa kwapurezidhendi (mitezo yecabinet, vatongi vehurumende, vamiririri), zvibvumirano zvokubatanidza, uye kuisa matare.

[ Mativi anopesvedzera eDare:

  • : Unyanzvi hunobvumira mutevedzeri kunonotsa kana kuti kuvhara vhoti kupfurikidza nokutaura nguva dzose, kunowanzoshandiswa neboka duku. Inogona kuvhurwa nevhoti yegundamuko, inoda vatenzi 60.
  • [[FLT: 0] Kubvuma nebvumirano: Dare rinofanira kusimbisa vakuru vakuru vazhinji navatongi, richipa nzvero ine simba paBazu roMutungamiriri.
  • shoo yemapinduriro: Hurumende imwe neimwe ine kutaura kwakaenzana muDare, pasinei zvapo navanhu vaigaramo(a kubvumiraniswa kunenge kwasvikwa mukati meKokorodzano yeBumbiro reMitemo.

Kuchinja Kunoita Bhiroma Mutemo: Rwendo Rwakarurama Rwakapiwa Mutemo

Kunzwisisa nzira yegweta kubva papfungwa kuenda kuratidzira kunokubatsira kuona apo inzwi rako rinogona kuita musiano.

  1. Introduction: Mutezo weCongress unopa mari, iyo inogoverwa nhamba (umh., H.R. 1 kana S. 1).
  2. hwirudzuro: Mutengo unotumirwa kudare rakafanira, uko ungakurukurwa, kugadziridzwa, kana kuti kuurawa.
  3. Chiito cheFoor: Kana dare rikabvumira, chikwereti chinoenda kunzvimbo yakazara nokuda kwekurukurirano uye vhoti.
  4. dare reConference: Misiyano pakati peshanduro dzeImba neDare rinodzoserwa mudare remusangano.
  5. Chiito cheProfesi:[[FT:1] Mutongo wokupedzisira unoenda kuPurezidhendi, uyo anogona kusaina mumutemo, kuuita, kana kuti kuurega uve mutemo usina siginicha pashure pamazuva 10.

Vanhu vanoonana nevamiririri vavo kana kuti vanopa hurukuro dzavo mudare vanogona kuita basa guru pakuumba mitemo.

Chikonzero Nei Bazu Rine Mitemo Riri Namakuru Kwauri

Mutemo uri wose wehurumende unotapura upenyu hwako(kuvambira paAffordal Care Act (Inishuwarenzi inochengetedza) kusvikira kuChiteshi chemo cheDeaser (kunaka kwepfungwa) @ yakabva muCongress. Mumiriri wenyu navakuru vakuru vanosarudza panhau dzinosarudza mwero wemitero yenyu, mano enyu okubhadhara koreji, miraudzo yekotsekano inokudzivirira pabasa, uye kunyange mari yemubereko pachikwereti chako. Ggislative Back ndiyo umo munotaura nhau dzako zvakananga zvikurusa kupfurikidza nezvivhoti, tsamba, runhare, uye chipupuriro chapachena.

Dzidza zvakawanda pamusoro pavamiriri vako uye ronda mutemo pa .gov.

Bazu Rine Simba: Kuraira Mitemo Nokutungamirira Rudzi

Bazu raVatungamiriri rine mutoro wokusimbisa mitemo inopiwa neCongress. Rinotungamirirwa naPrezidhendi, rinotsigirwa neVice Prezidhendi, Kabhineti, uye sangano guru remasangano ehurumende nemadhipatimendi.Bazu iri rinoshandura chinangwa chokudzika mitemo kuti ishande, rinodzora mitemo yokumwe, uye rinoita chimwe chinhu kunjodzi dzenyika.

Purezidhendi: Mukuru Mukuru-Mutevedzeri uye Mukuru Mukuru

Mutungamiriri wehurumende ndiye mukuru wehurumende uye mukuru wehurumende anenge asarudza makore mana oga oga (nomuganhu wenguva mbiri wakatangwa nePendement yechi22), Purezidhendi anoshandisa simba guru, asi anoongororwawo neCongress nematare.

Masimba apurezidhendi anobatanidza:

  • Kuisa mutemo womubatanidzwa: Kupfurikidza neBato reRuramisiro namamwe masangano, Purezidhendi anovimbisa kuti mitemo yomubatanidzwa inoitwa.
  • [ Muitiro wokutama nokukurukurirana: Purezidhendi anotaurirana zvibvumirano (zvinozviisa kudare) uye anosangana navatungamiriri venyika.
  • [ Mutongi-mutsigiri: Mutungamiriri anodzora mauto, kunyange zvazvo Dare bedzi richigona kuzivisa hondo.
  • Mirairo inowirirana: Tracy dzinotarisira kushanda kwehurumende yomubatanidzwa, nesimba romutemo kutoti yaputswa neCongress kana kuti matare.
  • [[[FRAT:0] Tsinga nemhedziso: Mutungamiriri wehurumende anogona kupa kanganwiro nokuda kwemhaka dzehurumende (kunze kwokusatendera).

Kabhineti Negadziriro Dzehurumende

Dare rinoumbwa nomutevedzeri wapurezidhendi uye vatungamiriri vemadhipatimendi 15 anotungamirira (zvakadai seHurumende, Treasurence, Defense, Justice, Education, uye Health and Human Services).

[ Mitemo yesimba resangano:

  • Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) inoisa mhepo nezvinoshatisa mvura.
  • Food and Drug Administration (FDA) inobvumira uye inodzora mishonga nezvokudya zvakakotsekana.
  • Sangano reSocial Security Administration rinobatsira vanhu kuti vasarega basa uye varemara.

Aya masangano anonyora mirau ine simba romutemo, ndokusaka mutoo weBazu Rinodzora uchinetsa. Vanhu vanogona kutsinhira pamusoro pemirau inokarakadzwa kupfurikidza ne Register[[FLT]]]

Kunzvera uye Kudzikama Pachiremera

VanaBaba Vaivapo vaitya simba guru, naizvozvo vakaita zvokuongorora zvakawanda:

  • [GORE rinogona kukunda purezidhendi nenhamba mbiri dzezvitatu mumakamuri ose ari maviri.
  • Dare [ rinosimbisa kugadzwa kwapurezidhendi kwakawanda.
  • Dare Rapamusorosoro rinogona kuzivisa zviito zvokutungamirira zvisiri pamutemo.
  • Cornor ine simba rokuzvidza ndokubvisa Purezidhendi nokuda kwe “mhosva huru namabhinya."

Kunzwisisa zvinhu izvi zvinobatsira vagari vomunzvimbo yacho kuona kana Purezidhendi ari kuita zvinhu maererano nemitemo yepamutemo.

Chikonzero Nei Bazu Rine Vatungamiriri Richikosha Kwauri

Zuva riri rose, Bazu Rinodzora rinoita zvisarudzo zvinotapura chengeteko yako, utano hwako, uye garikano yako yezvemari. Kuganhurirwa kwechimbichimbi pamigwagwa yako, mipimo yekotsekano yemotokari yako, mwero yemhindu yakagadzwa neFederal Reserve (sangano rinozvimirira), uye mitemo inodzora basa rako inoderera pasi pechiremera chehurumende. Chimiro chaPrezidhendi pamusoro pezvibvumirano zvebhizimisi chinogona kuchinja mutengo wezvinhu pachitoro, nepo muitiro wokubuda munyika unogona kutapura uwandu hwenzanga yenyu.

Gara wakaziviswa pamusoro pezviito zvevakuru vakuru kupfurikidza nenzvimbo yepaIndaneti yeWhite House[[FLT: 1].

Bazu Rokutonga: Kududzira Mitemo uye Kudzivirira Kodzero Dzako

Bazu Rokutonga ndiro muchengeti weBumbiro reMitemo. Basa raro guru nderokududzira mitemo inopfuudzwa neDare uye zviito zvinoitwa neBazu Rine Simba, uye kuva nechokwadi chokuti zvinowirirana negwaro revhu renyika. Gadziriro yokutonga inoumbwa neDare Rapamusorosoro, matare edare rehurumende (matare edare redare), uye matare chaiwo akasiyana - siyana (sematare okuwandisa chikwereti).

Dare Rapamusoro Zvikurusa: Dare Rokupedzisira

Dare Rapamusoro zvikurusa rine vatongi vapfumbamwe (8 Dare rimwe chete) neVatongi Vakabatana vasere vanosarudzwa naPurezidhendi uye vanosimbiswa neDare. Vanobatira kugadzwa kwoupenyu hwose, uko kunovadzivirira padzvinyiriro yezvamatongerwe enyika. Uku kuzvimirira kunovabvumira kuita zvisarudzo zvisingafarirwi asi zvakanaka mubumbiro remitemo.

Mafungu eMibato yeDare rapamusoro-soro:

  • Kuhwirudzura: Simba rokuzivisa mitemo nezviito zvehurumende (zvakagadzwa mu Marbury v. Madison, 1803).
  • pamutemo womubatanidzwa: Dare rinosarudza rwisano apo matare maduku haabvumirani parevo yomutemo.
  • inogadza muenzaniso: [ rutongeso rweDare rapamusoro runova chiremera chinosunga mumatare ose akaderera.

Matare Echibharo

Nhau zhinjisa dzehurumende dzinovamba muimwe yamatare 94 oruwa, umo kutonga kunoitirwa uye vatongi vamaune. Zvikwiro zvinobva kumatare oruwa zvinoenda kune rimwe ramatare 13 ezvikumbiro, iro rinohwirudzura chinyorwa chokutonga nokuda kwezvikanganiso zvapamutemo. Chikamu chiduku bedzi chemhaka ndicho chinokwidzwazve kuDare Rapamusorosoro, iro rinosarudza kuti imhakai dzokunzwa (sezvingabvira 70 ne80 pagore kunze kwezviuru zvezvikumbiro).

Chiratidzo Chenhau Dzapamusasa Dzakachinja America

Kunzwisisa mitemo mishomanene yehurumende kunoratidzira simba guru reBazu Rokutonga kuumba nzanga.

  • [FLT]BN v. Board of Education (1954): yaizivisa dzinza muzvikoro zvavose zvisati zviri zviteshi zvehurumende, kushandura dzidziso ye “kamwe yakaenzana” inobva ku PNY] v. Ferguson [1896]]
  • Mira v. Arizona (1966) yakaziviswa kuti vanonyumwira vanofanira kuziviswa nezvekodzero yavo yokuramba vakanyarara uye kuva negweta (*) maruramiro e “Miranda” aunonzwa paTV.
  • . [[FLT] [2] yakazivikanwa maruramiro ebumbiro remitemo kukubvisa pamuviri, ayo gare gare akashandurwa ne [ Dobs v. Jackson Vakadzi’s Health Organization [2022], achidzorera nhau yacho kuzvinhu.
  • bergefell v. Hodges (2015): roorano youtere yakaitwa yapamutemo munyika yose muPramende ye14.
  • [FEC/ [2010]) yakatonga kuti mari yebhizimisi yemitemo yezvamatongerwe enyika yakazvimirira haigoni kuganhurirwa, inotapura zvikuru mari yenhimbe.

Bhazi Revaiji reBazi reAmerica harisi muturikiri chete; rinorondedzera kodzero uye rinoganhurira simba rehurumende.

Macheki Pajeri

Nepo Dare Rapamusoro Zvikuru richishandisa chiremera chikuru, harina kudzorwa:

  • [[[FOL:0] Carer inogona kubvisa vatongi vomubatanidzwa (kunyange izvi zvisingawanzowaniki).
  • Corret inogona kupfuudza mitemo mitsva kuputsa dudziro dzokutonga (somuenzaniso, pashure pechisarudzo cheDare, Congress inogona kuchinja mutemo kujekesa donzo rayo).
  • [ Purezidhendi [[FLT: 1] anogadza vatongi uye anogona kupesvedzera nhungamiro yadare kupfurikidza nokudzokororwa.
  • Dare rinotsamira paBazu Rinodzora kuti riite kuti mitemo yaro iteererwe (kana Purezidhendi akaramba kuwirirana, Dare harina uto rokumanikidza chiito (kunzvera kwakaitika munhau mukati merwisano dzoruwa).

Chikonzero Nei Bazu Rokutonga Richikosha Kwauri

Bazu Rinotonga rinodzivirira maruramiro ako akasiana zvikuru kupfuura zvichida rimwe bazi ripi neripi. Kana mutemo ukaputsa rusununguko rwako rwokutaura, maruramiro ako okutakura zvombo, kana kuti matare ebasa rakafanira, anogona kuurova. Kana ukapomerwa mhaka nemhosva, matare anovimbisa kuti uchatongwa zvakanaka. Mitemo yeNyika ine zvikoro zvakaregwa, roorano inobvumirwa nomutemo wetsika, uye pamutemo kodzero yokudzivisa kubereka. Paunosaina chibvumirano, matare anodudzira mashoko acho. Paunovhota, matare anodzivirira kupinda kwako kubhokisi rebhoti.

Tsvaka chiteshi chazvino chedare reDare Gurusa uye zvisarudzo panzvimbo ye [[FLT: 0] yedare reDare Rapamusorosoro[[FLT: 1].

Chikonzero Nei Kuparadzana Kwesimba Kuchikosha Nokuda Kwoupenyu Hwako Hwezuva Nezuva

Zvino zvawanzwisisa bazi rimwe nerimwe, zvinokosha kuona kuti rinobata sei nemunhu wacho (uye nei kukurukurirana ikoko kuchidzivirira rusununguko rwako.

Kuongorora uye Dzikamo Zvinoshanda

Gadziriro yecheki nedzikamo yakarongedzerwa kudzivisa bazu ripi neripi kudzora. Somuenzaniso:

  • Musangano weSangano reHurumende unosiya mutemo unorambidza kuva nepfuti.Mutungamiriri wehurumende anosaina kuti boka rekodzero dzepfuti ripiwe mhosva, uye Dare Rapamusoro Zvikuru rinotonga mutemo unoputsa Pessioner Amendment yechipiri. Pano, Judia rinonzvera zvose zviri zviviri Masimba neMutungamiriri.
  • Purezidhendi anopa murayiro mukuru pamusoro pokupinda munyika.Congress haibvumirani uye inopa mutemo unocheka mari nokuda kwokuitwa. Purezidhendi anogona kuisa mutemo iwoyo, asi Congress ingakurira nokusashanda zvakanaka. Kana kukunda kwacho kukabudirira, nhevedzano yaPurezidhendi inova isina mano.
  • Dare rinoramba kusimbisa Dare Rapamusoro Zvikurusa, richidzivisa donzo raPurezidhendi.

Izvi zvinoreva kuti kuchinja kwemitemo kunowanzoda kuti pave nemapazi anenge akamira - mira, uye kuti vagari vemo vanofanira kubatanidzwa nenhatu dzose, kwete nedzinooneka zvikuru.

Kubatsira Kwaungaita Bazi Rimwe Nerimwe

Kuva mugari wemo kunoreva kubatanidzwa namapazu ose matatu, kwete chete kuvhota kwaPurezidhendi kana kuti Congress.

Mienzaniso Yezuva Nezuva Yezvakanakira Bazu

[ :[[FT: 1] Bhafu reMitemo rinonyora bumbiro remitero. Bhafu reSangano reBazi reBazi reBazi reBasa rinopa mitero uye rinomanikidza kuzviisa pasi. Bazi reRecuault rinodudzira nharo pamusoro pemitero.

Kupasa:[[FLT: 1] Congress yakapfuudza Affordal Care Act. Purezidhendi (kupfurikidza neHHS) anogadza tsinhano dzeinishuwarenzi nemiraudzo yenhau. Matare akatonga pamusoro pedenho kuACA, achitapura mamirioni kubhadharwa.

[[NHAU]] :[[FLT: 1] Congress inopfuudza Creat Air Act. EPA (Bazu reBazu) rinokakavadza mipimo yokubudisa. Mapoka anogona kukwidza mudare rehurumende kuti atsigire mipimo iyoyo kana kuti kudenha vanyengeri.

Ruramisiro yomutemo:[ Hurumende inogadza mitemo youtsotsi mizhinji, asi mhaka dzomubatanidzwa (sekutengesa mirimo) dzinorondedzerwa neCongress. Breaudise triciptionssssss kupfurikidza neBato reRuramisiro. Bhestara reReauciption rinovimbisa kutongwa kwakarurama nemirairo.

Mienzaniso iyi inoratidza kuti mapazi matatu haaoneki nechaanoreva, asi haasiri iwo anozoshandiswa pakusarudza zvokuita.

Mugumisiro: Vagari vomunharaunda vane ruzivo vanodzivirira Utongi Hwose

Mapazu eMitemo, Enoungira, uye Reapplication Branch ndiro mashongwe ehurumende yeUnited States, rimwe nerimwe rine mabasa namasimba zvakasiyana zvakagadzirirwa kunzvera mamwe. Kunzwisisa kuti aya mapazu anoshanda sei ((uye kuti anotapura sei mitero yako), kodzero dzako, kotsekano yako, uye nguva yako yemberi (jekakoshi nokuda kwokutora rutivi kune revo muhurumende inosarudzwa navanhu. Vagari vemo vanoziviswa ndivo dziviriro yakanakisisa mukurwisana noudzvinyiriri uye injini yakanakisisa nokuda kwefambiro mberi.

Tanga nhasi: tarira vamiriri vako vomusangano, rava murangariro weDare Rapamusorosoro pamusoro wenhau yaunoitira hanya, kana kuti tevera muitiro wokutungamirira kubva pachikarakadzo kusvikira kumutemo wokupedzisira. Kana uchiziva zvikuru, inzwi rako rinova rinobudirira zvikuru. Democracy haisi mutambo wevaoni, (H.B.) Bazu riri rose rinoda kuti upe ngwariro, utaure, uye vhota.

[ nokuda kwokunyudza zvikuru muBumbiro reMitemo namasimba ebazu rimwe nerimwe, shanyira USA.gov’s inhungamiro kumapazu ehurumende.[