Kushanduka Kwezvirongwa Zvoruzhinji Mukurwisana Nougandanga

Mumakore gumi apfuura, kubatana kwemakambani eruzivo rwokugadzira zvinhu uye masangano ehurumende akawedzera zvikuru. Kubatana kwakambova kwokushanda nesimba, pashure pokurwisa kwakatanga kuva kufambidzana kwemasangano ezvemari, mahofisi nekombiyuta kunofambidzana kunenge kwakati shandei, kugutsikana, uye kuva nouchenjeri. Uku kuchinja kunodzorwa nenhevedzo huru yekurukurirano dzemakombiyuta uye kuumbwa kwemapoka emagandanga anoshandisa mikoto isina kunyorwa, masangano enzanga okunyoresa, uye masangano ezvemari paIndaneti. Nhasi, hapana sangano rimwe chete (jeri renyika) kana kuti rakavanzika (jeri) rinoita kuti risave kutyisidzira vanhu. Hurumende dzinovimba nenzvimbo dzemitengo dzemapamhene yematemu akafanana neMeta, Yoube, Telegram, naX (zvinonyanyoshandiswa) kuti azive uye kuvhiringidza magandanga, nepoka anobva mumasangano ehurumende kuti adzivirire vawake.

Nyaya ino inoongorora kushanda, kubudirira, uye makakatanwa euku kubatana, nengwariro yokugoverana mashoko, hondo dzokunyora mashoko okunyora mashoko akavanzika, gadziriro dzemitemo, uye nzira iri mberi. Inowana mienzaniso yenyika chaiyo yakadai seGlobal Internet Forum to Counter Terrorism (GIFCT), kushandiswa kwemapepa okunyorerana mashoko, uye zvishandiso zvemitemo zvakaita seUK Online Safety Act neUS CLOUD Act.

Nzvimbo Dzine Mamiriro Ezvinhu Okugadzirwa Kwezvirongwa Zvounyanzvi

Kugoverana Ungwaru Nemishumo Yebasa Inovimbisa

Makambani ezvoruzivo rwokugadzira zvinhu anoshandisa mashoko makuru ezvinhu zvipenyu nezvinochengetedzwa neemail kupfupfuudza zvinoiswa mumasangano enzanga zvinoda kuiswa pachena. Hurumende dzakawanda dzakaronga nzira idzo makambani aya anozivisa nadzo nokuzvidira kana kuti zviri pamutemo zviratidzo zvokutyisidzira. Somuenzaniso, US Department of Homeland Security’s “Open Into, Say Thint” purogiramu yeruzivo rwokugadzira zvinhu ine purogiramu yesangano rinokurudzira makambani kuti apedzise zviri muIndaneti inochinja zvinhu. Mishumo yakadaro inowanzotangwa nemakombiyuta anoongorora mashoko emagandanga, mirayiridzo inozivikanwa, kana kuti mutauro wokupinza mabhomba.

Masangano enyika dzakawanda se Office yeChibatanwa chaMarudzi yeTerrorism yakatangawo gadziriro dzemashoko okugoverana miganhu inoremekedza miganhu yenyika. Nhano inocherekedzwa i [[FLT:] TEC Against Terrorism[ basa, iro rinogovera zvikuva zviduku noungwaru nemidziyo yetyisidziro nemwero, kuvhara mukaha pakati pemakambani makuru nehurumende. [[FLT: 4.] UNI-UNI - ROSism Office yeUN Office inochengeta nzvimbo yemiitiro yakanakisisa iyo makambani akawanda anogamuchira.

Kudzikamisa Zvinhu Nehashi

Imwe yemibato inobudirira zvikurusa kugoverana kweminwe yeminunda neyamagandanga. Internet yeGlobal Forum to Counter Terrorism (GIFCT), yakatangwa naFacebook, Microsoft, uye YouTube, inochengeta shopu inogoverwa yehash. Apo nhengo imwe inozivisa vhidhiyo yegandanga kana kuti mufananidzo, hash inowedzera kunyuro, uye mimwe mitezo inopa mipiro inongoerekana yavapo. Hurumende inopa mari inobva mumanyuko ouchenjeri, inotora mavhidiyo pamberi pokunyora mavhidhiyo. [FLT:][FFFFT]

Nenzira inotambudza, iyi batira pamwe inopfuura kubviswa kukuzivikanwa kwokushanda: Michina yokudzidzira mashoko yakarovedzwa nehurumende inogona kudzora misiano mitsva yeparadziro, kunyange kana pasina musiyano. Ikoku kunoderedza kuvimba navanhu, avo vangatarisana nekuvadziko yendangariro inobva mukuratidzirwa kuzvinhu zvamasimba masimba.

Kunyora Nhema Nenharo Yokuwana

Dambudziko rokunyora mashoko okunyora pabonde rinongova nzvimbo inokakavadzana zvikuru yokushandira pamwe. Hurumende dzinotaura kuti kunyorwa kwemashoko enhema kunoguma panzvimbo dzechikuva dzakadai seASApp, Signal, uye Telegram kunogadzira “nzvimbo dzakakotsekana” kuti magandanga ataure asingaonekwi. Vanorayira kuti vasvikirwe zviri pamutemo (kazhinji kazhinji kupfurikidza nenzvimbo dzinoshandiswa nemunhu. Makambani oruzivo rwesayenzi, zvisinei, anodzivisa kuti kunyorwa kwemashoko kunokanganisa kuchengeteka kwevashandisi vose, kubatanidza vatori venhau uye vanorwira kodzero dzevanhu, uye anogona kubatwa zvisina kufanira nehurumende.

Iyi kurukurirano yakabudisa kumira kwakakwirira kunoverengeka. Mukunzvera kwapaUNIO 2016 San Bernardo, Apple yakaramba kuzarura iPHONE yeFBI, kududza chivimbo chomushandisi. misi ichangobva kupfuura iyi, “Chat Control” chikarakadzo cheEU chakabudisa moto kubva kuvareveri vezvakavanzika. Masangano akafanana [[FLT:]] pakanga paine mashoko akajekanwa pamberi pokuteveya kwomufananidzo weProtempso inoshumwa. [FFFFF:]

Nzvimbo yapakati i “kuzivisa kwapakarepo” kunoshandiswa muUK Online Safety Act, inoda zvikuva kuzivisa nokubvisa zviri mukati mamagandanga anoshandisa zvishandiso zvinoshandiswa, asi hakumanikidzi kunyorwa kwechisaririra. Uku kugadzirwa kwounyanzvi kumakambani, kuchitungamirira kumigumisiro yakasiana - siana.

Mabhuku Apamutemo Anodzora Kubatana

Mitemo yeHurumende uye Kumwe Kusvika

Mitemo inodzora kugoverana nokunzvera inosiana zvikuru, ichiparira kusawirirana munhevedzano yenyika yose. US CLOUD Act (Kushandisa Mutemo Pamusoro peSangano Rokudzora) inobvumira kuchengetwa kwomutemo kuraira mashoko kubva kumakambani akavakirwa paUS pasinei zvapo nokuti akachengetwa kupi, chero kubvumira kuti hurumende yokumwe iwirirane nemigariro yakati yekodzero dzavanhu. Ikoku kwakagonesa batira pamwe chaiyo nenguva navatsigiri biyake seUK neAustralia, asi vatso vanoipikisa kuisa pasi penhau youchangamire hwemitengo yomunzvimbomo. Department yeCLUD yeCLD yeC]

European Union inoda zvibvumikiso zvedare nokuyera. Makambani ezvoruzivo rwemitengo anoshanda mhiri kweAtlantic anofanira kunzvera tribing requement Regation (GDPR) anoisa ganhuriro dzakasimba pakushandiswa kwematepi okuisa mutemo, achida zvibvumikiso zvedare nokuyera. Makambani ezvoruzivo rwemitengo anoshanda muAtlantic anofanira kufambisa triki yemicro, kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji kutsauranisa hurumende yemitemo yetsika kuti idzivise zviratiso. Ikoku kunogona kunonotsa kana kuti kudzosa kugoverana kwemifungo yemiitiro yetsika yemitemo yemitemo yemitemo inoshambadza jatiki.

Kushandira Pamwe Kwevazvipiri

Mimwe mibatanidzwa inozvipira(mubatanidzwa weindasitiri yokuzvibatanidza umene) nepo mimwe ichirairwa nomutemo. German Network Enforcement Act (NetzDG), somuenzaniso, masimba okubvisa zvinobatanidzwa zvinooneka zvisingabvumiki mumutemo (kubatanidza zvinhu zvemagandanga) mukati memaawa 24 kana kuti kutarisana nefashoni inorema. Makambani akagamuchira nokuisa mari muzvikwata zvine mwero uye kugamuchira zvikumbiro zvakawanda zvehurumende. Mukusafanana neIndia, nyika hadzina murairo asi dzinotsamira pazvikumbiro zvemasanga, izvo zvinogona kutungamirira kufashoni inoremadzwa kana kuti kudzorwa.

Ngozi ye kupinza mumugwagwa ichokwadi: kana chikuva chikangovaka mano okudzivisa ugandanga, hurumende dzingavamanikidza kushandisa maturusi iwayo kutarira kusawirirana kwezvematongerwe enyika. Kushuma kwokuona kuti uri kugona kuiswa pachena nokuzvimirira zvinokosha kuti vadzivirire izvi. Masangano akafanana ne [[FLT:] Accase Avei zvino [ uye [[FLT]] Kodzero dzavanhu Watch nguva dzose]

Kushandira Pamwe Munyika Yose uye Vanotanga Kudzidza Zvinhu Zvakawanda

Indaneti Yenyika Yose Inorwisa Ugandanga (GIFCT) Muudzanga

GIFCT zvichida isangano ravanhu vose rakarongwa zvikurusa munzvimbo ino. Rakavambwa muna 2017 pashure pekudenha kukuru kwakafuridzirwa kweISSIS muEurope, zvino rinobatanidza makambani ane mitezo gumi namaviri uye chirongwa chokudzora. Nheyo dzeGIFCT dzinobatanidza: kugadzira zvigadzikiso zvemichina zvakafanana nerokushandiswa kwemapepa kwapamhene; kutsigira mari pakushandiswa kwamagandanga; uye miraundidzo yenjodzi yokuputsa zviitiko zvenhau zvinoparira kuwedzera kwezviri mukati.

Hurumende dzinogara paboka remifungo, uye dare rinobatira pamwe ne Europol Internet Referral Referral Unit (EU IRU) kumisa mhesano dzomunamugodhi. nepo GIFCT yakarumbidzwa nokuda kwokuderedza uwandu hwezvisakiso zvemagandanga, vatsoropodzi vanocherekedza kuti haisi murairo unosungisa uye vave vachinonoka kutaura nezvealgoric kujeric kujekeswa kwezvinhu zvine ngozi. GIFT'S mishumo yokujeka yemie. inoratidza zviuru zvezvikamu zvamagandanga zvagara zvichisiiwa mwedzi nomwedzi, asi kusavapo kwezvibhakazvidzo zvinoramba zviri funganyo zvinoramba zviri itiro hanya.

Europol Mubatanidzwa WeInternet Nemibato Yakabatanidzwa

EU IRU inoshanda zvakananga nezvikuva kubvisa zviri mukati meEuropean Union. Ine zvibvumirano zvetsika neMeta, Google, uye dzimwe, uye rovedzo nokuda kwemapoka emapurisa enyika. Rubudiriro rweboka racho runoyerwa nemwero inodzikama zvikuru-petwa ne 90% mumaawa(*) asi iyi meta yoga haisati iri rondedzero yezvinenge zviri mukati mezvikamu zvinoiswa pasi pezviwirira zvakasiana.

Mibato yakabatana se Operation Triton (kutanhamisa Hurumende yechiIslam neAl-Qaeda mudzimwe nyika 14) yakabatanidza kugoverana chaikoiko kwenguva kwakabva mumashoko echikuva. Uku kushanda kunoratidzira bviro yokubatanidza kukuru pakati pomutemo namakambani ezvoruzivo rwemari, kunyange zvazvo kuchimutsa mibvunzo yakavanzika pamusoro pekuunganidzwa kwamashoko akawanda.

Zvinetso Mukugoverana Uchenjeri Hwokufamba Netsoka

Zvibvumirano zvapamutemo zvakasiana----phara, mitemo yekodzero yomunzvimbomo, uye kusawirirana kwezvamatongerwe enyika zvinogona kuvhara batira pamwe yakakodzera. Somuenzaniso, apo denho yamagandanga ikaitika mune imwe nyika, tsoka dzemifungo inonyumwirwa ingagara pavashandi mune imwe, ichida zvibvumirano zvebetsero yapamutemo (MLAT) zvinogona kutora mwedzi. Brudapust Convention on Cybercrime yave yasimbiswa nenyika dzinopfuura 60, ichigovera gadziriro yezvikumbiro zvekudzimapindurirwa, asi mabhii mazhinji achiri kutarisana nokunonoka kwechikwa.

Dzimwe hurumende dzakaita zviito zvisiri zvehurumende, zvakadai sokubata vashandi kana kuti kuvhara zvikuva zvose (munzira idi, kurambidza kwechinguvana Telegram kwePakistan pashure pokupomerwa nougandanga).

Zvinetso Zvikuru uye Kudzivirirwa Pakuva Woga

Kupera Kwemvura Kunopenya

Chishandiso chipi nechipi chinotsiva ugandanga chinogona kugadzirirwa kuongororwa kukuru. Gadziriro yechikwereti chenzanga yeChina nokushandiswa kwekuzivikanwa kwechiso nechiMuslim mifanikiso yenyevero yokuti kusvika kwehurumende kumitengo yekomupiyuta kunogona kushandiswa zvisina kufanira sei. Mumasangano edemokratiki, zvinodzivirira zvibvumikiso zvokutonga, kunyura kwezuva pamitengo, uye mapurati edare anotarisira vanhu. US [FL:] INTERNCEING Surveillance Court (FISC)[FFFY:1] zvinokumbiro zvehurumende zveMitemporo yemime, kunyange zvazvo mamiriro azvo okunze akaitwa. ZVITAU zvamapepa anonzvera pa peji[FFFFFOct3]

Makambani oruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu anowanzozviwana ava kubatwa pakati pemirayiro miviri: kudzivirira kuvandika kwomunhu ari kushandisa uye kushanda pamwe nemitemo. Kuvimba navanhu vose kunopera apo zvikuva zvinorangarirwa sezvinonyanyowirirana (mutoo, kupa mashoko pasina mutoo wapamutemo wakasimba) kana kuti kusada kunyanyosimba (g., kubvumira magandanga kushanda zvakasununguka). “chisipidi chomubatanidzwa wechipiri necheteshi”[ hachingatongogona kupedzwa nemhinduro imwe yemanyuko ose apamutemo; mabumbiro echikamu emufambiro angagovera nzira mberi.

Mirayiro Yemitemo Nezvakanakira Zvenhema

Gadziriro dzinorongwa nokuda kwokuwana zviri mukati memagandanga dzinorovedzwa pamaminuro angapfuura mitauro yakati, matunhu, kana kuti mirangariro yezvamatongerwe enyika. Ikoku kunogona kutungamirira kuderera kwezviri mukati menzanga dzakaderedzwa, zvakadai seKurdish kana kuti Palestine vane kutaura kwakaipa kunonyorwa sechinokanganisa. Kuhwirudzura kwomunhu kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji hakupiwi purofiti inoparirwa, inoguma nenhau dzenhema kana kuti dare retsono. Santa Clara Clare Prisons [ danidzo yokuoneka mudzikamo, kubatanidza kuti tsvengei realgoritialts dzinokugadzirwa nokuedzwa. Companed shonge Youltbet , yakavamba kubudisa [FLT] mishumo yenhauro yenhau [FFF:]

Kusava nemhosva uku kunoitwa nehurumende, kunyanya kana zvinhu zvenhema zvichitungamirira kukusungwa kana kuti kuramba mabasa asina kururama.

Nhungamiro Dzomunguva Yemberi Nezvikarakadzo Zvemitemo

Kutarisira Kwokuzvimirira Kunosimbisa

Kubatira pamwe kwezvougandanga kunoshanda zvinorwisa zvisaririra. Sangano reUN Special Rapporteur on Counter-Trorrism rakarumbidza kuti chibvumirano chipi nechipi chemijereso pakati pamakambani ezvoruzivo nehurumende chive chokudzokororwa kwapanhambo nenhambo neboka ramasangano akawanda kubatanidza vamiririri venzanga. Mabhodhi akadaro anofanira kuva nesimba rokubvisa kusvika kwakasiyana kana kusabatwa zvakanaka kukawanwa. Nyika dzakafanana neCanada dzakatanga Sangano reNational Security Transficity Office Office [ nemitezo yemasekete yapato youdzokororosaidzora miitiro yezve yenjerevouchenjeri.

Kutsinhiranisa Mipimo Yemitemo Nemiganhu

Kuderedza rwisano, zvibvumirano zvamarudzi ose zvakafanana ne CLOUD Act Biladal Pacts zvinofanira kukudzwa apo inobatanidza zvitsama zvekodzero dzavanhu zvakasimba. EU iri kunzvera “chizvarwa chechipiri” shanduro yeBudapest Convention ingawedzera mipimo yekodzero dzavanhu nokuda kwokuwana mashoko. Makambani ezvoruzivo rwemitengo anogonawo kutora mipimo miduku yepasi pose yaanoshanda pa(* kupfurikidza nokushandisa UN Guiding Princing Constigence on Business and Human Rights.

Kupinza “Privigary-Placy” Technalogies

Zvigadzikiso zvitsva zvounyanzvi zvingagona kuderedza kubviswa kwekuchengeteka nokuvandika. Zvinyorwa zvakadai se homomorphic popyr (kubvumira kuverengwa kwemashoko akakoshwa), ] zuro rezivo [, uye [[FLT]] kudzidzwa kwedzidzo kugonesa hurumende kunzvera mitoo yemazita asina kuona zviri mukati. Somuenzaniso, sangano rinopesana ringabvunza mazarukirwo emiitiro yekurukurirano yenhau dzechienzi pasina kumbonyora mashoko asingazivikanwi. Zverekedzo idzi ruzivo rwamanyuko ruchiri kuronge ruchingori kudzika mirayiridzo.

Imwe nzira ndi “pakunyora-sainwa” kugovera ungwaru , apo metadata bedzi (g., nguva, vhoriyamu, zvitema zvenyika) zvinogoveranwa pakutanga, uye zvirimo zvizere zvinowanwa nebvumiro bedzi. Messenger Transparency Act[ inokarakadzwa muUnited States Congress kuraira kusvikwa kwakadaro kwemitero yose inorwisana namauto.

Kuvhara Mukaha Wezviumbwa Zviduku Nezviduku

Chakawanda chengwariro yave iri pachikuva chikurusa, asi magandanga anogona kutamira kumabasa maduku, asina kudzorwa. Zvitatiso zvakafanana ne Tchech Against Terrorism’s “Platform Succe . Purogiramu yeProgram inogovera zvishandiso zvapachena uye uchenjeri hunotyisidzira makambani ane zviteshi zvakaganhurirwa. Hurumende dzinogona kukurumidzisa ikoku kupfurikidza nokupinza mari “mubatanidzwa wemari weAPI” uyo chikuva cheruwa chipi nechipi chinogona kubatanidza. Dare reEurope reMitemo yeMitemo yePURC [[FLT:]] DALT] Inobatanidza gadziriro dzemiitiro yengozi yemipimo iyo ingagona kugoverana miitiro yakanakisisa yebasa navezera duku zvikuru.

mhedziso

Kubatira pamwe pakati pamakambani eruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu nehurumende pakurwisa ugandanga hakudiwi. Nhamba inotangira pakuchinja kwemakombiyuta kwerwisano yemazuva ano. Kana ikaitwa zvakanaka, inoponesa upenyu nokuvhiringidza kurwisa kusati kwaitika, kubvisa mashoko echisimba pamwero mukuru, uye kudzongonyedza masangano ezvemari. Kana zvikaitwa zvisina kunaka, zvinobvisa rusununguko rwevanhu, tsveyamisa maarusaiti panzanga dzechiduku, uye zvinoderedza chivimbo muzvose zviri zviviri masangano edemocracyism uye maindasitiki.

Kufambira mberi, chinhu chikuru hachisi kusarudza pakati pechengeteko nokuva woga, asi kugadzira zvirongwa zvinooneka, zvakasungirwa zviri pamutemo, uye zvinodzorwa nokuzvidzora. Gadziriro dzinorongwa munyaya ino(chisharo-sangano, kurukurirano dzemashoko akanyorwa, zvikuva zvakasiana---pharal, zvakadai seGIFCT, uye kutanga kugadzira zvinhu zvokuvandika (kumirira zvishandiso zvinotenderera). Hapana yakakwana, asi pamwe chete inoumba nheyo yenyika yakachengeteka zvakanaka. Vagadziri vemichina, vazivi vemichina, uye vanhu vanofanira kuramba vachizvibatanidza, nguva dzose vachiyeuka kuti kurwisana nougandanga. Zvitendero zvamagandanga zvisingafaniri kuuraya magandanga achitsvaka kuparadzwa.