Sumo: Chibvumirano Chamafandesheni Pakati Pehurumende Nevagari

Apo nhume dzakaungana muPhiladelphia muna 1787, dzakatarisana nebasa guru: kugadzira gadziriro itsva yokutonga iyo yaizoruramisa utera hweMitemo yeConference apo dzaiwana chivimbo chavanhu vanongwarira. Chinyorwa icho vakabudisa hachina kuzarurwa nemvumo yapamutemo asi nechiziviso chinonyandura: " Isu vanhu veUnited States... [ mashoko iwayo anosimbisa pfungwa yokuchinja yokuti uchangamire hunogara mumiroori kana kuti muvagari vedzimba dzenhaka asi muvagari vemoworuzhinji. Kutanga kuU. Kutsigira Hurumende kunopfuura zvikuru kupfuudzira kukura kwechiito chikuru; kutaura kunopfuurira kukarira kumitezobva kuhurumende yavo. Kupfurikidza nokuumba mifungo mitanhatu, kusimbisa Ruramisiro yemitemo yehurumende, kugovera kugovera kutsigira kupfurikidza nokupfuudzira Hurumende yehurumende.

Mashoko Okutanga: Nhoroondo Nezvinoreva Bhaibheri

Mashoko ose emavambo anorava, kuti:

" Isu vanhu veUnited States, muMurayiro kuumba Ungano yakakwana zvikuru, kutanga Ruramisiro, vimbisa dziviriro dzomumba, inogovera dziviriro dzavose, inotsigira Nhaka, uye yakachengeta Zvikomborero zveRusununguko kwatiri timene nePendeko redu, tinogadza ndokugadza iyi Bumbiro remitemo nokuda kweUnited States yeAmerica.

Uyu mutsetse wa5 52dor wakabuda muCommittee of Screen, wakaiswa panzvimbo neGouverneur Morris, uyo akapa sumo yokusayeukwa kwayo nesimba. Madrafti apakuvamba akanga aronga nyika imwe neimwe, asi Morris akatsiva kutaura kunobatanidza kwekuti "Isu Vanhu," achiratidzira kuti Bumbiro remitemo rakawana chiremera charo zvakananga kuvagari vemo panzvimbo pezvigaro zvehurumende. Chinjo yakanga yakakura: rakaramba pfungwa yokuti hurumende yorudzi yakanga inongovawo zvayo chinhu chikuru pakati pehurumende dzapamutemo uye panzvimbo pezvo kuisa hurumende itsva muuchangamire hwakakurumbira.

Sumo haisati iri manyuko ekodzero dzakaderera, dzinomanikidzirwa, -- Dare Rapamusorosa renguva dzose rakati harigoni kushandiswa kuputsa mitemo kana kuti kuita kutaura kwomunhu oga. Bva simba raro rokusada kupindura rakabvumikisa kuva guru. Mutongi mukuru John Marshall akanongedzera mavambo mu Mcloch v. Maryland [1819] kupikisa kuti Bumbiro reMitemo raifanira kutsungirira kwamakore akawanda uye kuchinjirwa kuzvinetso zvakasiana-petwa nenhau dzakasiana- siyana. Mutongi Joseph Story, mu [[FLT:]] [FLT]], , akadana Pregrogateatray kuzivisa revo revo remite yemitemo. Kupfuutsa madonzo ehurumende, uye zvinangwa zvavagari vehurumende.

Nheyo Dzemitemo uye Kuumba Kwadzinoita Kariro Dzakanaka

Zvikamu zvitanhatu zvemashoko okutanga haisi ndaza yakangorongwa; zvinomirira kurongeka kwamaune kwezvinhu zvinokosha zvorudzi. chimwe nechimwe chinowana kariro dzakananga pamusoro pebasa rehurumende nemitoro yavagari vemo.Pazasi tinonzvera nheyo imwe neimwe, tichiratidza kuti inoshandura sei kariro dzakasimba dzehurumende.

Uchangamire Hwakakurumbira: "Isu Vanhu"

Kuzarura mashoko matatu ndiwo anotsiva zvikurusa. Kupfurikidza nokuzivisa kuti Bumbiro reMitemo rinogadzwa ndokutangwa navanhu, Sunday inonyandura nheyo yokuti hurumende iripo bedzi pakubvumira kwevadzorwi. Iyi kariro yakanga iri kubviswa kukuru kubva kuEurope kwemiganhu yehurumende uye inoramba iri mavambo etsika yezvamatongerwe enyika yeAmerica. Vagari vomunyika vanotarisira kuti vakuru vakuru vakuru vehurumende vachapindura, kuti sarudzo ichave yakasununguka uye inosarudzwa, uye kuti chinjo huru dzinoda kukurukurirana kwavose netenderwa. Apo hurumende inoratidzika kuva inoita chiito mukurwisana nezvido zvakakurumbira nechakakurumbira, sokusarudzoro pamusoro pezvirevori zvedare guru, kana kuti kushatiswa kwedare kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji papfungwa yokuti "Vanhu" yakaputswa.

Tanga Ruramisiro

"Ruramisiro" idonzo rechipiri rinorongwa, rinoratidzira kuti ruramisiro nemitemo ndezvehwaro. Ichi chitsama chinoparira kariro dzokuti gadziriro yapamutemo ichava isina rusaruro, kuti mitemo ichashandiswa zvakaenzana, uye kuti vanhu vachawana mhinduro apo kodzero dzavo dzinotyorwa. Kuvambira pamazuva okutanga eregion, kurondwa kweruramisiro kwakamanikidzira kuraira kwekodzero dzavagari vemo dzavanhu, uye kukura kwapashoma napashoma kwekodzero dzavagari vemo. Kariro yeruramisiro haisati ichingodzoreka; inochinja senzwisiso yetsika dzavose yokururamisira inodzikamiswa. Muzana ramakore rechi 19, inonyandura nharo dzokurwisana nouranda; murevo, murechi20, yakabatanidza kodzero dzavagari vemo vemo nekodzero dzokuvhotera; inoita kuti pave nenharo pamusoro pekugadzirirwa kwemitemo, uye kugadziridza kutongwa kwedare.

Kunetsa Mudzimba

"Inisai chisimba chemhuri, kusateerera mutemo" inokurukura utera hukuru hweZvikamu zveConfederation: kusakwanisa kwehurumende kudzvinyirira mamiriro ezvinhu omukati. Kariro ino ndeyokuti hurumende ichachengeta rugare mukati memiganhu yayo, ichidzivisa masimba masimba, kupesana, uye kusateerera mutemo. Iyi ndima yakatsigira kuumbwa kwamasangano emitemo, vaNational Guard, uye chiremera chokupindura kupandukira kwakadai sechiShays Reuting, pashure pacho chinenge chaiswa muboka. Vagari vemo vanokarira hurumende yavo kuvadzivirira pazvose zviri zviviri tyisidziro dzokunze, uye kuputsika kwomukati kwenhevedzano yenhevedzano yezvo-mitemo yamasimba masimba, ugandanga uto wemudzimba dzavanhu, kana kuti njodzi dzomusikirwo idzo dzinogona kutungamirira kunyonganiso. Bva chitsauko chinoparirawo kuzviisa pasi pasi pavagari vemo chavagari vemo. Pazvo chitsarira denho mukuita denho. Pakupesana kwemitengogaro pakati pezviito pakati pezvinodikanwa chavose, kudzodzodzodzodzodzodzo dzomugariro wavose, kupfumidzo inokarakadza . Chiredzodzodzo

Govera Kuzvidzwa Kunoitwa Vose

"Tsvaka donzo reRefecence" rinozivikanwa kuti chengeteko yorudzi ibasa rehurumende guru. Vagari vanotarisira hurumende yehurumende kumutsa nokutsigira mauto, kuvaka ngarava, kuchengeta kuvapo kwakasimba kwehondo kune imwe nyika, uye kudzivirira nyika yokumusha padenho. Chivako cheConstitutions congress chine simba rokuzivisa hondo naPresidenti ane basa reMutungamiriri muProvice muProfesa, asi mutauro wePregeargearty unokudza museroserosero: dziviriro: “yavose,” zvinoreva kuti rudzi rwose runogoverana ndyiko nebetsero. Iyi kariro yakabvisa chinhu chiri chose mukuumbwa kweBato reNhevero kuhondo, kubva kuProgirati yePatrioti Act. Munguva dzazvino unokarirwawo, kudzivirira, kutenderera, uye kubatana kwevengwa kwakavakirwa pakudzora rudzi rwarwo.

Kusimudzira Kubudirira Kworuzhinji

Zvichida chitsama chemashoko chakakwikwidzana zvikurusa musumo, "Kupa maruramiro eTreety" chakashandiswa zvose zviri zviviri kururamisa gadziriro huru dzenzanga uye kupikisana nokuda kwehurumende yakaganhurirwa. Kusafanana ne "general Welfare" chitsama cheChikamu I, Chikamu 8, icho chinopa Dare simba kumuraudzo nokuripa, shanduro yePregatori yefashoni ndeyefariro. Kunyange zvakadaro, vagari vemo vakatora kariro yokuti hurumende inofanira kushanda nesimba kuvandudza kuvandutsa kugarisana navanhu vose nehurumende, kwete kungova vashomanene bedzi vakaropafadzwa. Iyi kariro inoparira kutsigirwa kwakakurumbira kwedzidzo yavose, chengeteko, chengeteko yenzanga, chengeteko, chengeteko yemhoteredzo, uye chengeteko yemari. Apo njodzi kana kuti njodzi dzemari dzinoitika, ruzhinji runotaririra Washington nokuda kwokunamurandukuna. Chiriro chavose chinorairawo kuti vanhu vadzorerwe zvikuru. Munei chiono chehurumende chiono chinozivikanwa chavose chinofadza choupenyu chavose chinopiwa kuti chiveri chiveri chipfuro chezvo. Chi

Chengetedza Zvikomborero Zvorusununguko

Donzo rokupedzisira, "kudzivirira Zvikomborero zveNdekudzo kwatiri timene nePresa redu," mashoko ose ari maviri edonzo nechipikirwa muzvizvarwa zvose. Rusununguko munguva yokuvamba rwakanzwisiswa zvikurukuru sorusununguko mukudzorwa nehurumende inodzvinyirira, asi Sutugaro inoisa mundangariro rusununguko sechikomborero chinoshingaira, hurumende inofanira kudzivirira, kwete kungorega kuputsa. Iyi tarisiro yakaumba Bill of Rights, Reconstivementations, uye rusununguko rwevagari vemo rwehurumende dzisingaverengeki. Vagari vemo vanokarira kuti rusununguko rwavo rwokutaura, rudzidziso, gungano, uye chikumbiro zvichadzivirirwa, uye kuti hurumende ichadzivisa muedzo wokubvisa rusununguko muzita rechengeteko kana kuti rorunako. Kuisa mubatanidzwa kwe "Posterration" kunoisawo muganhu worudzo pakati pevagarika vagarika vagarikanwa. Vagariki vanotarisira kupfurikidza nokurangarira rusununguko rwavana vavo zvino nokuda kwevana, uye kuchengetwa kwemitemo ino.

Kutapura Kariro Dzechibvumirano: Kubva Pakusava Nekodzero Kusvika Pakuzvidavirira

Nheyo nhanhatu dzePregedge dzinoshanda pamwe chete kuumba gadziriro yakakwana yeizvo vagari vemo vanogona kuraira kuhurumende yavo.

Kuva Mutongi Wechiremera cheHurumende

Nemhaka yokuti mavambo eChinyorwa cheBumbiro remitemo muuchangamire hwakakurumbira, kuva pamutemo kwehurumende kunobatanidzwa zvakananga nokubvuma kudzorwa. Apo vagari vemo, chaizvoizvo vanomutsidzirazve kubatana kwePreggey. Apo hurumende inoita zvinhu pasina tsigiro yakakurumbira (kana kuti munzira dzinoratidzika kuva dzinoratidzira madonzo ePregails.) Iyi ndiyo chikonzero nei vaPresidenti vachitanga nokutaura kunowanzodavidza Pregnation, chikonzero nei zvisarudzo zveDare Rapamusoro zvichidudza nheyo dzayo mukupesana nemirangariro, uye chikonzero nei njodzi dzapamutemo (zvakadai sechishamiso cheWatergate kana kuti denho dza 202020) dzichinyandura itiro huru yavose yakadaro. Chizvarwa chakavamba kuti hurumende pasina kutaura kwakajeka kwakajeka kungaoka sokuzvidzwa; kutaura kwacho kunopfuurira kubatira samanyuko etsika.

Kubatanidzwa Sebasa

Mashoko okutanga ePregagery anoyeuchidza vagari vemo kuti ndivo vanyori vakuru veBumbiro reMitemo. Ikoku kunoparira kariro yokubatanidzwa kwokushingaira mumuitiro wezvamatongerwe enyika. Kana hurumende iripo kuti ibatire vanhu, ipapo vanhu vanofanira kutora rutivi mukuiumba / zvino kupfurikidza nokuvhota, kumhanya nokuda kwebasa, kubatira padare, kukumbira vamiririri, uye kutora rutivi muhurukuro yavose. Vatambi havarayiri zvakananga, asi pfungwa dzavo dzinoreva kuti mugari wemo anenge asingadi kushandira hurumende inorasikirwa nokuona vavariro dzake. Nhasi, vavhotera vakaderera vanofanira kushora, kushora zivo yehurumende, uye kudzokorodza kazhinji kazhinji sekukundikana kurarama kukuona chiono chavose. Mitezo yedzidzo yavose inova purodzi, kuvhota, uye kubatanidzwa kwepwere dzose dzinodavirwa vagari vehurumende.

Kuzvidavirira Kwavakuru vakuru Vakagadzwa

Kana madonzo matanhatu achimirira izvo hurumende inofanirwa kuita, ipapo vagari vemo nenzira yomuzvarirwo vanokarira vakuru vakuru kuzvidavirira nokuda kwokukundikana kufambisira mberi madonzo iwayo. Sumo inopa vagari vemo chishandiso chokuyera basa: vanogona kubvunza kana muitiro “uchiumba Dare rakakwana zvikuru,”“ unobvumira ruramisiro yemhuri,” uye zvichingodaro. Iyi mirangariro inova netariro yokuhwirudzura kwakakurumbira kupfurikidza nesarudzo, pamwe chete nemitoo yokusarudzo yokurangarira nayo. Dare Rapamusoro rimene, muzvinoitika zvakafanana [[FLT:] M.[FLT] VFLC] [FFF:1] [10] [8] [3]), inotsamira pamitengo, pamigaro yePregiontionswo kurwisana neganhuriro yesimba rimwe nerimwe. Mabhishopureji, mabhishopu anotonga, mabhiri anotonga anotonga ose anotonga, mabhishopu anotonga mabhishopu inotonga ose.

Miganhu Pasimba reHurumende

Zvichida nenzira inopesana, Sumo inoumbawo kariro pamusoro peidzo hurumende inofanira kurwisana: kana hurumende ichironda zvinangwa zvitanhatu, inoreva kuti hurumende iripo nokuda kwemiganhu iyoyo uye kwete. Nepo Simba rinoronga masimba anonatsazve muganhu uyu, muenzaniso weAfretable Carence Act Act: kana hurumende ichironda zvinangwa zvine chokuita nezvinangwa zvitanhatu, inopfuura chirevo chayo. Iyi kariro inoreva kuti munharo pamusoro penhau dzehurumende, nzvimbo yeChost Clausleus, uye dzidziso yemasimba masimba anonyorwa. Nokuti, vashongi veAfternable Carence Varect vanopfuudza mutemo kuti vapfuure nokuda kwechinangwa chayo.

Kuzvionera Mumato: Kutanga Muupenyu Hwechipameso Hwa 21stǒ

Anopfuura mazana maviri amakore pashure pokuumbwa kwayo, Pregeg inopfuurira kuumba mataurire eAmerica pamusoro pehurumende. Vana vechikoro vachiri kuyeuka mashoko avo. Mapurezidhendi anonokora mashoko mukero dzokutanga neHurumende dzehurukuro dzeSangano reSangano reSangano. Masangano enzanga anoraira mutauro wawo kutaura kuti hurumende yakundikana kurarama maererano nezvipikirwa zvayo zvakatangwa. Black Lives Confective Confect, somuenzaniso, akaraira kuti rudzi “Chiratimedzo” munzira idzo dzinotaura negadziriro yetsika; vatsigiriri vezve vatsigiri kuti“ chinzwa nechiremera chehurumende kunobatanidza kukudzwa kwevagari vose; uye kurukurirano pamusoro pokushandisa chiverengero chehurumende mukati meCHOVAD.

Sumo inoitawo basa mukududzira kwedare. Nepo isiri manyuko ekodzero dzakazvimirira, Dare Rapamusorosoro rakakunongedzera kutsigira kuravirwa kwakafara kwemasimba enyika ehurumende. Somuenzaniso, mu United States v. Curtists =Wright" Transport Corp.[[FL:1] [1936], yakadudza kusuma seufakazi hwehurumende yenyika yedzimwe nyika. Nhevedzo yePregnomes inopikisa kuti nongedzero ye “Tslation" inotsigira kutsanangura kwechibvumirano chinorwisana neBumbiro remitemo munzira remisiano refu, seyapamhomwe nzanga huru kana kuti mhoteredzo inoshatsa. Mumatare akaderera akabatanidza kukwirira kumativi ose nokuda kwedzidzo yechinhu chose, kunyange zvazvo isati iri ichiri yokubudirira.

Uyezve, mashoko okutanga anoshanda serugwaro runobatanidza munguva yemapoka akadzika ezvematongerwe enyika. Mutauro waro mupfupi, wokushuvira ndiwo chimwe chinhu chinodiwa nevagari veAmerica vakawanda, pasinei zvapo nechikwata, chinogona kusimbisa.

Kupedzisa: Sungano Mhenyu Pakati Pezvizvarwa

Sumo kuBumbiro reMitemo inopfuura zvikuru kunyora nhau dzenhau; isungano mhenyu. Mashoko ayo anopfuurira kuumba kariro dzevagari vemo kupfurikidza nokurondedzera kuti hurumende ndeyei uye kuti vagari vemo vanofanira kurairai. Kubva pakutaura kwakapfava asi kwakakomba kwe “Isu vanhu kuzvinangwa zvitanhatu zvinotevera, Kutanga gadziriro yetsika neyakanaka yakatungamirira rudzi muhondo, kuora mwoyo, kuchinja kwenzanga, uye kuchinja kweruzivo rwezvinhu. Kuyeuchidza vagari vemo kuti hurumende haisi simba renyika asi chisikwa chemaoko avo, chinopomerwa nokuronda, nyaradzoro, chengeteko, uye rusununguko nokuda kwezvose. Mukudzoka, inokumbira kuti varambe vakanyoreswa, kuti vapiwe, uye kuti vapfuure zvikomborero zvavo. Sezvinopfuurira Hurumende inotsungirira zvinotaura kupfuudzira kurukurirano yakakomba pamusoro pehurumende.

Nokuda kwokuravazve, bvunza [[FLT: 0] Tsamba yeMari yeNyika yeBumbiro reMitemo, [[FLT]] Constitution Center yeIndation yeIndaneti yeTchako yeIndaneti yeTsitsi yeNyika [, uye [[FLT]Cornell Legal Information Institute yemvumo ye[ yerecum] yerecule rerecurecure.