Muzana ramakore rechi 21, kugadzikana kwezvamatongerwe enyika kwamarudzi kunosiana zvikuru zvichitsamira pachimiro chawo chehurumende. Miitiro miviri ine simba guru `mamonarcher nerepabhuriki(jerizimu) inopa gadziriro dzinopesana nokuda kwokutonga, imwe neimwe ine mitoo yakasiana yokuchengeta nhevedzano, pamutemo, uye kupfuurira. Kunzwisisa misiyano yayo, simba, uye kupesana kunokosha kunokosha mukunzvera kuti nyika dzinoshandisa sei vhiringidziko dzemari, kuchinja kwemagariro ezvenyika, uye kusabvumirana neiridziridzi. Nyaya ino inogovera kunzvera kune mwero kwedzikano yezvamatongerwe enyika mumibatanidzwa yezvamatongerwe enyika mumibatanidzwa namaRepublicractic, maromages, marongerwe enhau, uye fundo dzenguva inopa murangariro wakasiana pamubvunzo wezvamatongerwe enyika unoramba zvichivapo.

Kurondedzera Hurumende NemaRepublic

Zvigaro zvoumambo: Tsika Nedzidziso

Hurumende irudzi rwehurumende umo munhu mumwe chete anobatira somusoro wehurumende nokuda kwoupenyu kana kuti kusvikira kudzorwa. Mitemo inokamurwazve kuva marudzi maviri. Mu utongi hwehurumende, mambo anoshandisa simba risingadzoreki, rinoruramiswa kazhinji kazhinji nekodzero dzoumwari kana kuti nhaka. Zviidzo zvinobatanidza Saudia, Oman, uye United Arabhu Emitrates, umo mambo anochengeta chiremera, judiary, uye mabasa echiremera. Mu [[FLT:] chigaro choumambo [FLT] [FLT]], chinopiwa simba namadzimambo [FOLD], chinoitwa negadziriro yemitemo inodzo. [FLD], masimba eMona ehurumende anoganhurnwa anoganhurirwa negadziriro yebumbiro remitemo, navakuru vakuru vakuru vehurumende vanoshandiswa naMadokeromani, United States, Denmark, uye Hurumende inodzo inodzorwa nehurumende zvakatanhamara.

MaRepublic: Uchangamire Hwakakurumbira uye Kumiririra

MaRepublic igadziriro umo mukuru mukuru wehurumende anosarudzwa, zvimwe zvakananga kana kuti nenzira isina kunanga, nehurumende inogara muvanhu, uye kuva pamutemo kwehurumende kunotorwa mumirairo yevvhota uye kunamatira kugadziriro dzebumbiro remitemo. Republics dzinosiana zvikuru mugadziriro: gadziriro dzapurezidhendi (um., United States, Brazil) inonangidzira ngwariro kusimba rapamusoro mupurezidhendi akasarudzwa; marivherati reparamende (m., Germany) anosarudza mushumiri mukuru kubva kudio uye kazhinji kazhinji ane masangano echibvumirano; uye mapresidenterities masangano (um., France, Russia) anobatanidza zvakananga purezidhendi mukuru mukuru mukuru ane mutoro mukuru nemu reparamendio. Nepo marivhenga zhinji dziri panzvimbo inosarudzwa, dzimwe nyika dzine hurumende yehurumende yehurumende inosarudzwa, dzimwe nyika dzakashata kana kuti nzanga mugari wehurumende yenjika pasi penjika ye-njika ye-njika ye-njika yeMadeunicurea.

Kubatana Kwezvamatongerwe Enyika Mumadzimambo

Vatongi Vebumbiro Remitemo: Magamuchidzanwa Anotsiga

Miganhu yemitemo yeBumbiro remitemo nguva dzose inomira pakati penyika dzakatsiga zvikurusa. Basa remonarch rezvamatongerwe enyika nechinzwano chokufananidzira zvinogona kugovera pfungwa yokupfuurira kworudzi izvo zvinokurira kukamukana. MuUnited Kingdom, madzimambo anoramba ari sangano rinoremekedzwa zvikuru rinovimbisa chinjo dzinonaka mukati menyongano yezvamatongerwe enyika .Ndokuti seziviso yokukurumidza youtongi mutsva pashure porufu rwaMambokadzi Elizabeth II muna 2022. Nenzira yakafanana, mhuri youmambo yeJapan yakashanda sechiratidzo chinobatanidza chifo chapashure pekungedzero yomutemo wezvamatongerwe enyika yakaganhurira basa rayo rehurumende, kuchibetsera nyika kuchengeta dzikatemwarano yederero yehurumende pasinei zvapo nokushata kwemari nengwavaira dzomusikirwo.

Simba rehurumende dzinotonga dzebumbiro remitemo rinowanzobatanidza mitemo yakatevedzana. Kusafanana namarepabhuriki, umo chinjo dzesimba dzinogona kunyandura rwisano kana kuti kuraira kusarudzwa, mamonarch anogovera nhevedzano inongoerekana yavapo, achideredza kusava nechokwadi kunogona kuvhiringidza marepublic maduku. Uku kupfuurira nhaka kunogonawo kuvaka chivimbo chenguva refu mumasangano enyika, sezvo vagari vemo vanoziva kuti mutungamiriri wokufananidzira haasati achizochinja namadenderedzwa ose okusarudza. Nyika dzakafanana neSweden, Norway, uye Denmark dzakafarikanya kusadzorwa kwedemocracy udzo hwehurumende inodzorwa kwechidoma duku kwezana ramakore, nehurumende inobatira sechitsigiro.

Zvigaro Zvemadzimambo Zvizere: Kudzora Kwapakati Neganhuriro Dzazvo

Miganhu yemonarchy yakakwanukira seSaudi Arabia inochengeta dzikamo kupfurikidza nechiremera chakanangidzirwa, kazhinji kazhinji ichitsigirwa nemidziyo mikuru yechengeteko nepfuma yeoiri. Saudi nyika yakakunda nokubudirira kusabvumirana, vakuru vakuru vorudzidziso vorudzidziso vakatenderwa, uye vakachinja upfumi hwayo nepo vachichengeta udzori hwezvamatongerwe enyika. Zvisinei, kudzikamiswa kwakadaro kunovapo pandyiko yezvamatongerwe enyika uye kune ngozi. muSaudi Arabia, kuiswa kwa2016 kwesimba muCride Prince Mohamman kwakaparira kupesana kwomukati mukati memhuri yamambo uye kutsoropodza kwamarudzi ose pamusoro pokushatiswa kwamaruramiro avanhu. Njooman muOman akatarisanawo nezvinetso pashure porufu rwaSultans muna 2020, kunyange zvazvo chinjo inodzorotedzamatedzano kudisisa muGene wake akadzivisa kuderera.

Miganhu yemonarchy yakaganhurirwa yakaiswawo padzvinyiriro dzokunze nokuda kwokuchinja. Kumukira kweArab Spring kwa2011 kwakaedza maminister muMiddle East; nepo marepabhuriki akafanana neEgipita neTunisia akaona chinjo dzehurumende, madzimambo muJordan, Morocco, uye Gulf akapukunyuka zvikurukuru kupfurikidza nokupa ganhuriro dzakaganhurirwa nokushandisa pamutemo kwavo. Zvisinei, uku kusimba kungava kwechinguvana kana kushaikwa kwemari kana kuti kukura kwechiverengero chavagari vemo kukundikana kuparadzira manyuko. Mitezo inokundikana kudzora kuva nohungwe yorumano avo, ingagona kutungamirira kukuchinja kana kuti kuchinja kunomanikidzirwa kwemitemo, sezvinoonekwa muNepal (2008) uye Iran (1999).

Kusagadzikana Kwezvamatongerwe Enyika MumaRepublic

Democratic Republics: Institution Resilieve

Democratic relivration(_apo sarudzo dzapachena, kuzviisa pasi kwomutemo, uye kuparadzana kwamasimba kunoremekedzwa (8) kufarikanya dzikamo huru mukati menhambo refu. Nyika dzakafanana neGermany, Canada, neSouth Korea dzakakunda njodzi dzemari, chinjo dzoutungamiriri, uye kusagadzikana kwenzanga pasina kuderera musimba. Nyika dzose dzakavakwa nemitemo yehurumende dzinogovera mibato yerwisano ine rugare yejerenje dzinovakirwa: Makwikwi okuvhotera epamutsinga munhando dzisiri dzine masimba masimba masimba, masangano emitemo, uye majeridhikicha anozvimirira anotsigira pamutemo. Mukuwirirana neEconomist Intelligency Unity’s Democratic Indement Index, nyika dzose dzinoiswa mu “Redemocraticism” inyika dzose dziri marpocrate nedzikano yakasimba rakapararira mukuita zvaparomate mukuita kwavose.

Zvisinei, marepublic ehurumende yedemocracy haana kudzivirirwa kukusagadzikana. Masangano ezvamatongerwe enyika, sezvinoonekwa muUnited States pashure pesarudzo 2020, anogona kubvisa chivimbo mugadziriro dzinosarudzwa nokumutsa marwadzo ebumbiro remitemo. Kuputika kweCapitol muna January 2021 kwakaratidza kuti mapoka makuru ezvikamu anogona sei kutyisidzira tsika dzedemokrati. Kunyange zvakadaro, masangano anozvimirira akadai semasangano ejaji nehurumende anosarudzoro, achitsigira kuva noumhizha hwesaru, zvichiratidzira kuti simba resangano rinogona kudzora njodzi dzevagari vemo vapasi, madhipati, mapepanhau akasununguka, uye kudzora kwakajeka kazhinji kazhinji anodzosera panjodzi dzinoshayikwa.

MaRepublic Ane Simba: Kutsiga Kusingachinji

Masangano ehurumende yakasarudzwa haasati ari ose ari ehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu. Munyika dzakawanda, Venezuela, yakambova hurumende inosarudzwa navanhu yakaterama, akapinda mukuputsika kwemari nokudzvinyirirwa kwezvamatongerwe enyika pasi pehurumende yehurumende yaautocracy. Masangano ehurumende akabviswa naaichimbova Purezidhendi Hugo Chávez nomutsivi wake, achisiya dare rinodzorwa nebato rinotonga uye dare rehurumende rinobvisa utongi kuzvitonga. Muuyo injodzi yomutsa nokuzvidzora, nokutsigisa bedzi kupfurikidza nokumanikidza uye ruvimbiko rwehondo. Nenzira yakafanana, Belarussing Hugo Chambercel akaona kutsutsumwara kukuru uye kurwisana namasimba masimba, nehurumende inopukunyuka bedzi nokutsamira pamasimba anochengeteka netsigiro.

Nyika dzinopa mirayiridzo dzapamutemo dzinowanzotarisana nengozi dzakakwirira dzokusagadzikana nemhaka yokuti dzinoshaiwa mikoto yapamutemo yokuratidzira kwezvamatongerwe enyika. Apo kusagutsikana kwavanhu kunowedzera, hurumende dzinofanira kusarudza pakati poudzvinyiriri, uhwo hunoipa zvikuru zvichemo zvirefu zvenhambo, kana kuti bvumirano dzingapa zvimwe zvinodikanwa. Arabhu Spring yakaratidzira kuti mari yehurumende yehurumende yehurumende yehurumende yechiOrthodox yakakomba yakaita seyakatsiga. Yakadai sehurumende yeMubarak yeEgipita (jekada) inogona kuputsika mumavhiki apo yakatarisana nokuramba kunopfuurira. Mukupesana, mamonarchy mudumhiko anogara nguva refu nemhaka yokuti vatongi vavo vane chiremera chegamuchidzanwa uye vaigona kuita chinjo yakaganhurirwa pasina kuoneka.

Kuongorora Kunoenzaniswa: Zvikonzero Zvikuru Zvinokanganisa Kutya

Kutendeseka uye Tsigiro Yakakurumbira

Kubatana kunotsamira pakupedzisira pakuti hurumende inorangarirwa seyapamutemo navanhu vayo. Mamonarch anowana kuva apamutemo kubva mugamuchidzanwa, kugarwa nhaka, uye chinzwano chorudzi icho chinogona kuramba chakasimba kunyange apo hurumende dzisingafarirwi. Mumamonarch ebumbiro remitemo, mambo kazhinji kazhinji anobatira sengwariro nokuda kwokutsigira nyika yakaparadzana namatongerwe enyika, kuderedza ngozi yokuti kundikano dzehurumende dzichabvisa hurumende imene. Hurumende, nokupesana, kutora zvisarudzo kubva mumiitiro yedemokrame; kana kusarudzo ichionekwa seyakaipa kana kuti masangano akashata, tsigiro yakakurumbira inoputsa, kuwedzera bviro yokuramba, kumukira hurumende, kana kuti kurwisana kwavagari vemo. [[FLT] [FLD:]] Freedom House Housessionces ders dertections syst (g. Hungary, kana kuti Hurumende Turkey zvezvamatongerwe enyika zvinodzorwa.) zvinovamba.

Kubudirira uye Kuchinja Kwevatungamiriri

Kujeka, kutevedzana kunodeya kujekesera kuvandudza kuterama. madzimambo ane mitemo yakajeka yakarongwa nejeka kana kuti vagari venhaka vakasarudzwa. Nhaka dzinotarisana nokuchinja simba kusingadzokororwi. MuUnited States, kuchinja kwapurezidhendi kunobatanidza kukwikwidzana kwemwedzi ine 88695 kungagona kukwikwidzwa, somuna 2000 na2020. Munyika dzakawanda, ganhuriro dzenhambo kana kuti kuronga nhevedzano hazvisi nyore, zvichitungamirira kunjodzi dzezvamatongerwe enyika. Somuenzaniso, kuvhotera kwa202020 muBolivia kwakashatiswa nechisimba pashure petsoropo, uye 201920 yokuramba kudzokororwa kwehurumende inopesana muGeorgia (nyika inokanwa). Mami ehurumende anowanzo anodzivisa hondo dzakadaro, kunyange zvazvo kusati kuri nguva dzose: njodzi inoteverwa muRodori rehondo muna 2014, kuti kunyange mitemo yehurumende inodzokororongedzwa.

Simba Rokuronga Rinorwisana Nokutonga Kwomunhu Oga

Ruvara rwemasangano ehurumende , kutonga kwomutemo, majaji akazvimirira, basa rehurumende , chiratidziro chakasimba zvikuru cheteramo kupfuura chimiro chehurumende. Nepo mamonarchy akawanda ebumbiro remitemo akasimba masangano, mamwe marepabhubhuriki anoashaiwa. World World World Goverdance Progastics[[[FLD:1]] nguva dzose] inoratidza kuti nyika dzine gadziriro dzakasimba dzakasimba zvikuru (jekasarira) dzinoratidza kuti mamiriro ezvinhu akasimba adzorwa nehurumende yehurumende. Masangano ehurumende akasarudzwa sehurumende dzechiSaudia (Saucial Arabia (chiruste), ose ari maviri Venezuela (reving rekorveriti) dzinoderera pamusoro pomutemo uye pamusoro pengozi huru yezvamatongerwe enyika. Chinjo yacho haisi chinyorwa chokuvakisikashatsai kudzika kwehurumende.

Kubatana Mune Zvemari

Kudzikama kwezvemari nokuenzana zvinoda kutsigisa kuteramo mune zvamatongerwe enyika. Masangano eOiri (Oiriprodualmenty Gulf) anogona kutenga rugare rwenzanga kupfurikidza negadziriro dzegarikano yorupo, kudzivisa dzvinyiriro yokuchinja kwezvamatongerwe enyika kusvikira munguva ichangobva kupfuura iyi. Zvisinei, sezvo mitengo yeoiri inochinja-chinja uye vanhu vachikura, aya mamonarch anotarisana nedenho dzinowedzera. Njodzi dzinoshatsa mari yemari yemari yemari yemari yemari yemari yemari yemari yebhizimisi yakadai seBelgium (Imbangova neZimbabwe) zvinoramba zviri rutivi rwakadzikama nemhaka yokuti madzimambo anoshanda semitengo inobatanidza madzinza. [[FLD]

Kuongorora Zvirwere Zvakadzama

Thailand: Chinzvimbo Chine Zvinetso

Thailand ihurumende inodzorwa nemitemo inodzorwa nemitemo ine mambo anoremekedzwa zvikuru, asi nyika yakawana kubvumwa kukuru kupfuura imwe ipi neipi munguva yazvino uno . inopfuura gumi navaviri. Pesvedzero yamatom yezvamatongerwe enyika yakarongwa inowanzorwisana nehurumende dzakasarudzwa, kuchitungamirira kukupindira kwehondo kuzhinji. Kudzora kwa2014 kwakakurira hurumende yakasarudzwa ine batano dzinonzi dzinobatanidzwa namambo. Thailand inoratidzira kuti kunyange madzimambo emitemo yemitemo anogona kutambura nokusagadzikana kusingaperi kana mambo akashandisa simba kupindira mumasangano anotonga nyika. Rumbidziko rwa2017 runobatanidzazve kudzorwa kwemauto ehondo nehurumende yehondo, asi kuteramanyuko kunoramba kuri kuderera nemhaka yezvikamu zvikuru zvezvamatongerwe enyika uye kusava nenhevedzano youmambo.

Spain: Kuchinja uye Ugandanga

Kuchinja kweSpain kubva muudzvinyiriri hwaFranco (umambo hwakava muchimiro muruvara) kuenda kuumambo hwakazara hwebumbiro remitemo kwakanga kuri chiitiko chinokosha. Mambo Juan Carlos I akaita basa rinokosha mukubvisa hurumende yekare nokudzivirira hurumende inosarudzwa navanhu mukati mokuedza kworukudzo rwa 1981. Zvisinei, zvikanganiso zveuori zvakatevera nechinetso chokuzvimirira cha 2017 chakaedza kuva pamutemo kwehurumende. Muna 2014, Juan Carlos akarega kufarira Felipe VI, uyo akaedza kuzviparadzanisa nezvinonyadzisa. Spain inoratidza kuti nepo madzimambo anogona kumisa kutsiga kwamatomupiki yedemokramende mukati mokuedza kushandura nyika, kunoramba kuri kukanganisa kuvose kana mhuri youmambo ichionekwa seyapamutemo.

United States: Kudzokera kuRepublican pasi Pekuvhiringidzwa

United States, republic yenyika inoshanda inopfuurira, yakawana funganyo inobva mukuchinja nyika, kusarudza, uye kunyange kumukira kwamasimba masimba muna 2021. Bva masangano ayo “‘ Electoral College classing, hwirudzuro dzedare, universityism, kuputsika kwakakwana. Idi rokuti kusarudzwa kwa 2020 kwakaparira kuchinjwa kune rugare kwesimba (pashure petyisidziro dzokukuivhiringidza) rinoratidzira kuti midziro mikuru yesangano inogona kutora katyamadzo. Zvisinei, kuvadziko yokuvimbwa navanhu vose murusarudzo neDare Gurusamende rinorevesarudzo pamusoro pezviratidzo. Chino cheAmerica chinosimbisa kuti mari inodikamuraniswa nguva dzose yemiteo yemitemo yehurumende uye kutora rutivi rwavanhu kuti irambe yakatsigadzika.

Miitiro Yakapararira Muzana Ramakore rechi 21

Zana ramakore rechi21 harina kuona kubatanidzwa kwakajeka kwehurumende inotonga kana kuti republic kumuenzaniso mumwe. Panzvimbo pezvo, masangano ose ari maviri anotarisana nedenho nhatu dzinozivikanwa. Chokutanga, kubatana kwepasi pose uye kubatana kwezvemari[ kumanikidza hurumende kuti dzipedze kunjodzi dzenyika yose, zvirwere, kuchinja kwemamiriro okunze, kuedzwa kwenzvimbo pasinei zvapo nechimiro. [[FLT:] yechipiri, [FLT] zvinobudisa mashoko uye hondo zvinobvisa chivimbo nokuwedzera nyika, kudzorwa kwemitemo uye nhevedzano yemitengo, kudzokororosa mamiriro emitemo muhurumende apo inotyisidzira nokungwarira mufananidzo wemasangano ehurumende. [FLT]

Nenzira inofadza, dzimwe nyika dzinobatanidza zvinhu zvehurumende dzinotonga kuti dzivandudze kuterama. Somuenzaniso, Purezidhendi worumano muRussia neBelarus anotevedzera kutevedzana kwemadinari emadzimambo kupfurikidza nokudzokororwa nokusanodzorwa kwemibato yemonarch, kunyange zvazvo pasina mitemo yenhaka. Nhaka, mamwe mamonarchial ari kufambira mberi kuzvimiro zvakawanda zvehurumende yehurumende: 2021 yokugadziridza kubumbiro remitemo raJordan yakaganhurira masimba amambo, uye bumbiro remitemo raMarocco ra2011 rakasimbisa basa romufundisi mukuru. Mitsetse yacho inonangidzo inonangidzira, asi mipimo yetsika imwe neimwe ichiri inoumba tsika yezvamatongerwe enyika.

mhedziso

Kuenzanisa dzikamo yezvamatongerwe enyika mumaruwa emonarchy nerepabhuriki kunozivisa kuti chimiro chehurumende chinongova chimwe chinhu chimwe bedzi pakati pavazhinji. Mamonarch eConstitution, nechinzwano chawo chetsika nenhevedzano yakadeya kuoneka, anowanzoparira dzikamo yenhambo refu, zvikurukuru munzanga dzedzinza kana kuti dzemitauro yakakamukana. Mamonarchy anogona kuchengeta nhevedzano yakakwirira mukutonga asi anotarisana nenjodzi dzakakura muzana ramakore retevedzero uye kusaterama kwemari. Democratic Republics inopas inopa pamutemo nokutora rutivi rwakakurumbira, asi kutsigadzika kwadzoka, kumira kwawo kunotsamira pamasangano akasimba, kusarukira, uye kuvimba namasangano ehurumende. Zvitendero zvamambo zvinoyera munzanga zvinobudirira zvikuru, kazhinji kazhinji zvinova zvisingadzoreki pasi pezvivako zvavo zvokuzvirongwa. Muzana rechi21 muzana ramakore, kudzorwa kwehurumende, kuperera upfumi, uye mano okugona kusangana nero yezvamatongerwe enyika zvichaita basa rehurumende.