Simba Romutemo Rinogoverana

Gadziriro yehurumende yeAmerica yakavakirwa papanikiro huru yechiremera chakanangidzirwa. VaFathers, vachitora pauzivi hwezvamatongerwe enyika hweMontesquieu nechinoitika chavo vamene nehurumende yeBritain, vakavaka noune gadziriro umo simba rinoparadzaniswa uye rinogoverana. Ikoku kuri pachena zvikurusa muukama pakati paPrezidhendi neCongress, umo bazu rimwe nerimwe risati riri bedzi rine masimba aro amene akasiana asiwo mutoo wokudzivisa nawo nomumwe. Muuyo idzvinyiriro ine simba yakaumba Hurumende yeAmerica kwamazana amakore maviri.

Zvikamu I ne II zveBumbiro reMitemo zvinotanga ichi chirongwa. Chikamu I chinoisa masimba ose emitemo muCongress, nepo Chikamu II chinoisa simba gurusa muna Purezidenti. Bva kuparadzana kwacho kusinotongorina chose chose. Purezidhendi anogona kuisa mutemo, uye Congress anogona kukurira izvozvo. Purezidhendi anogadza vatongi navakuru, asi Dare rinofanira kuzvisimbisa. Dare rinozivisa hondo, asi Purezidhendi anoraira mauto. Idzidzi dzinowirirana dzinoita izvo James Madison anorondedzerwa muFederation No. 51 segadziriro umo "chigamuko rinofanira kuitwa kuti ritsigire simba rehondo."

Iyi purogiramu haisi chitsotsi mugadziriro yebumbiro remitemo asi rutivi rwayo rukuru. Kunzvera nedzikamo pakati paPurezidhendi neCongress zvinovimbisa kuti chinjo huru dzemiitiro dzinoda bvumirano huru, kuchideredza chiito chehurumende kudzivisa zvisarudzo zvechimbichimbi kana kuti zvine masimba masimba. Panguva imwe cheteyo, ichi chirongwa chinogona kutungamirira kuruvara apo mapazu anodzorwa nemapoka anoshora, kumutsa gakava rinopfuurira pamusoro pokuti tsika inoshanda seinodokwarirwa kana kuti inoda kugadziriswa kwazvino uno.

Kunzwisisa Mativi Akasiyana Ebazu Roga Roga

Kuti anzwisise zvizere kuti nzvero nedzikamo zvinoshanda sei, munhu anofanira kutanga kunzwisisa mabasa ebumbiro remitemo akagoverwa kuna Purezidhendi neCongress.

Purezidhendi: Mutungamiriri Wehurumende

Purezidhendi anobatira vose vari vaviri somusoro wehurumende uye mukuru wehurumende yehurumende. Iri basa ramativi maviri rinobatanidza mabasa etsika nechiremera chavakuru vakuru. Purezidhendi ane mutoro wokuita kuti mitemo yehurumende ive yakatendeka, achitungamirira mabasa ezuva nezuva ebazu guru, uye achimirira United States munhau dzokumwe. Somutungamiriri wemauto ane zvombo, Purezidhendi ane chiremera chakakwana pamabasa ehondo, kunyange zvazvo Dare bedzi richigona kuzivisa hondo ndokutsigira hondo.

Purezidhendi anorongawo gadziriro yetsika yenyika kupfurikidza neState of the Union, anokarakadza bhajeti yehurumende, uye anopa miraidzo yavakuru vakuru inotungamirira mashandisirwe emitemo iripo. aya maturusi anopa Purezidhendi pesvedzero huru pamusoro penhungamiro yenyika, kunyange pasina mutemo mutsva.

Congress: Bazu Romutemo

Congress chirongwa chebhimeyaral chinoumbwa neDare neImba yaVamiririri, chimwe nechimwe chine masimba akasiana asi anowirirana. Imba, nezvigaro zvinogoverwa navagari vemo, inomirira fariro dzakananga dzavanhu uye ine simba rapoga rokutanga zvikwereti zvemari uye vakuru vakuru vehurumende. Dare, nemitezo miviri pahurumende imwe, rinomirira fariro dzenyika uye rinoita simba rokusimbisa kugadzwa kwapurezidhendi, raiferen, uye kuedza kugadza.

Nyaya I inodudza masimba chaiwo eCongress, kubatanidza simba remitero, kukwereta mari, kudzora kutengeserana kwenyika, mari, kutanga mahofisi epositi, kuzivisa hondo, kusimudza nokutsigira, uye kuita kuti mitemo yose iri madikanwa neyakafanira yokuita masimba aya. Dare rainzi Rinofanira uye Id Claus anenge, zvikurukuru, rakadudzirwa kwenguva yakati, richibvumira kuti Dare ripedze nhau dzavavambi vaisagona kukarira, kubva pamitemo yemhoteredzo kusvikira kukusachengeteka.

Chivako ichi chebimeral pachacho chinoshanda secherekedzo yomukati pasimba remitemo.

Masimba Makuru aPurezidhendi Nehwaro Hwawo Hwebumbiro reMitemo

Masimba aPurezidhendi anodudzwa muChikamu II cheBumbiro reMitemo, kunyange zvazvo mutauro wacho usina udzame hunopfuura uhwo hunorondedzera chiremera cheCongress. Ikoku kwakatungamirira kukurukurirano inopfuurira pamusoro penzvimbo yesimba rechiremera, zvikurukuru munguva dzenjodzi.

Simba Reveto

Vheto zvichida ichenjero yakananga zvikurusa yaPurezidhendi paCongress. Pasi peChikamu I, Chikamu 7, mutengo uri wose unopfuudzwa neCongress unofanira kupiwa kuMutungamiriri weHurumende nokuda kwetendero. Purezidhendi ane zvisarudzo zvitatu: kusaina mutengi mumutemo, idzokere kuCongress nerambidzo, kana kuti kuubvumira kuva mutemo pasina siginicha pashure pamazuva gumi. Kana Congress Congress ichiita munhambo iyoyo yezuva gumi, chikwama chinovapo, uye mutengo wacho unofa pasina kuita chiito chipi nechipi.

Vhiti isimba rakaipa rinobvumira Purezidhendi kuvhara mutemo asi kwete kuuita. Congress inogona kukunda chivako nevoruzhinji vari mudzimba mbiri, danda rakakwirira risingawanzosvikwa. Munhau dzakapfuura, purezidhendi akashandisa mutemo kuti varambe, asingashandisi, kana kuti asingashandisi fariro yenyika. Purezidhendi Franklin D. Roosevelt anochengeta chinyorwa chacho ne635vetes, nepo vamwe vapurezidhendi, kubatanidza John Adams naThos Jefferson, havana kumboshandisa mutemo wacho pazvose.

Mirairidzo Yavane Chinzvimbo Chikuru Nenhungamiro Dzapurezidhendi

Mirairo inotungamirira inhungamiro dzinopiwa naPurezidhendi kuti atarisire kushanda kwehurumende yehurumende yehurumende. Nepo Bumbiro reMitemo risingadudzi zvakajeka mirairo yavakuru vakuru, ivo vanowana mubato waPurezidhendi II ku "chengeta kuti mitemo ipedzwe nokutendeka". Zvinorayira zvine chiremera chine chiremera nokuda kwamasangano ehurumende asi zvinofanira kuiswa muchiremera chinenge chiripo kana kuti simba rebumbiro remitemo.

Mapurezidhendi akashandisa zvirairidzo zvavatungamiriri kuti vasvike zvinangwa zvemiitiro pasina kumirira chiito chesangano. Mienzaniso inocherechedzwa inobatanidza murayiro waPrezidenti Truman webukuru wekubvisa mauto, Purezidhendi Eisenhower anoraira kubatira chikoro muLittle Rock, Arkansas, uye Purezidhendi Obama's Defered Action for Childhoopals program. Zvisinei, mirairo yevakuru vakuru vanogona kuchinjwa neCongress kupfurikidza nomutemo, kubviswa nematare kana vakapfuura chiremera chebumbiro remitemo, kana kuti kudzorwa napurezidhendi anotevera.

Simba Rokugadza uye Kusimbiswa Kwedare

Purezidhendi anogadza vatongi vehurumende, kubatanidza vatongi veDare repamusorosoro, nhume, mitezo yeCabinet, uye vakuru vemasangano anozvimirira. Uku kugadza kunobvumira Purezidhendi kuumba mutongi wedare uye bazu guru kwamakore kana kuti kunyange makumi amakore kupfuura nhambo imwe.

Muitiro wetendero weDare wazova weganopesana zvikuru mumakumi amakore achangobva kupfuura aya. Vanasarudzi vanganonoka kana kuti vangadzivisa kubatira pamwe napanzvimbo, vanambuya, kana kuti kurambwa chose chose. Mapurezidhendi kazhinji kazhinji anofanira kutaurirana navatsigiri kuti vawane tsigiro, zvikurukuru apo boka rinoshora rinodzora Dare.Iyi inovimbisa kuti kugadza kunoratidzira mwero wakati webvumirano yebipartis, kunyange zvazvo ichigonawo kutungamirira kukuva nenzvimbo dzakarebesa.

Ropafadzo Yakananga uye Chidzidzo Chesangano

Mapurezidhendi akataurawo simba reropafadzo yechiremera, maruramiro okunyima mashoko kuDare reHurumende nematare kudzivirira kuvanza mativi ebazu romukati. Iyi ropafadzo haisati ichitaurwa zvakajeka muBumbiro reMitemo asi yakazivikanwa neDare Rapamusorosa seromusikirwo muparadzano yamasimba. Mu United States v. Nixon [7974]), Dare rakarangarira kuti ropafadzo yeboka iripo asi harifaniri kuparira zvinodikanwa zvetsika yeruramisiro.

Rondedzero yavakuru vakuru vakagadzwa, iyo inotaura kuti Purezidhendi ane udzori hwakakwana pabazu ravakuru vakuru, yakakumbirwa napurezidhendi vazvino uno kururamisa kushandiswa kwoudzvinyiriri kwesimba ravakuru vakuru. Vatsigiri vanotaura kuti inovimbisa kuzvidavirira kupfurikidza nokuisa mutoro mumukuru mukuru mumwe akasarudzwa.Vatsoropodzi vanotaura kuti inosekesa gadziriro yechekero nedzikano kupfurikidza nokupa ngwariro zvikuru chiremera muWhite House.

Masimba Makuru eDare Nehwaro Hwaro Hwebumbiro remitemo

Dare rine masimba akawanda anoongorora pabazi rinotungamirira, akawanda acho akaverengwa muChikamu I, Chikamu 8. Masimba aya anobvumira kuti Dare rimanikidzire, rinyatsonanga, uye kuti riongorore zvinoitwa napurezidhendi.

Simba Rokuva Mutezo

Simba guru reCongress isimba rokuita mitemo. Muitiro wemitemo unoda kuti makamuri ose ari maviri apfuure zvikwereti zvakafanana, zvinozopiwa kuPurezidhendi. Simba iri rinobvumira kuti Congress itange mitemo inosunga bazu guru. Kana Purezidhendi asingabvumirani nomutemo, bazu guru rinofanira kuramba richiushandisa kutoti kana kuti kusvikira mutemo wabviswa kana kuti wawanikwa usingawi.

Muitiro wokuita mutemo unononozeka noune uye unorerusa. Mabhiri anofanira kupfuura nomumatare, makoma, uye kurukurirano dzouriri mumakamuri ose ari maviri asati asvika padhesiki raPurezidhendi. Uku kuoma kunoti mutemo unorangarirwa zvakakwana, asi kunorevawo kuti Dare rinoparapatika kuti rikurumidze kupindura njodzi. Apo Purezidhendi achaita pasina kutsiva kupfurikidza nemirairo yavakuru vakuru, Congress angapindura kupfurikidza nokupfuudza mutemo unobatanidza zvisarudzo zvaro zvaro zvaPustrent, kuputsa chiito choukuru.

Simba Rechidyiro

Chikamu I, Chikamu 9 chinogovera kuti "Hapana mari ichatorwa kubva kuVhingi, asi muConpae of Approptions inoitwa noMutemo". Iri simba rechikwama rinopa Congress pesvedzero yechienzi parutivi rwuri rwose rwehurumende. Dare rinosarudza kuti imarii iyo sangano rimwe nerimwe rinogamuchira, icho chinogona kushandiswa pairi, uye mumigariroi. Ikoku kunobvumira Dare kutsigira kana kuti kuronga nhano dzapurezidhendi, tuso kana kuti masangano anoranga, uye rinogadza murairo pasina kupfupikisa mutemo wehurumende.

Gadziriro yokurangana yazova chibvumirano chikuru chehondo pakati paPurezidhendi neCongress. Mapurezidhendi anokarakadza bhajeti, asi Congress haidikanwi kuzvigamuchira. Apo Purezidhendi neCongress vanopesana pakushandisa zvinhu zvinokosha, muuyo unogona kuva kuvharwa nehurumende, zvisarudzo zvinopfuurira, kana kuti kubhadharwa kupedza mari inokwana mari inowirirana. Simba rechikwama rinogonesawo kuti Hurumende iise migariro pakushandisa mari, zvakadai sokuda kuti masangano apedzire mibato yawo kana kuti arege kushandisa mari nokuda kwezvinangwa zvakati.

Kuvavarira Nokuparadzana

Simba reCongress rokusatendera ndirimwe retsoropodzo yaro rinotyisa zvikurusa pachiremera chapurezidhendi. Chikamu II, Chikamu 4 chinogovera kuti Purezidhendi, Mutungamiriri weSanihedhendi, uye vakuru vakuru vose vavagari vemo veUnited States vangabviswa pahofisi pakusaidzirwa kwedare, uye kupwiswa kwe, kupandukira, chiokomuhomwe, kana kuti mamwe matsotsi. Imba yavamiriri ine simba rimwe rokusa, ichida vhotisiwo huru. Dare ipapo ringatonga kutonga uye ringapiwa mhosva nevoruzhinji vaviri, zvichiguma nokubviswa kwehofisi.

Kutsvaka ikomupiyuta huru mutoo wezvamatongerwe enyika, kwete wetsotsi. Revo ye "utsotsi hukuru navanopara mhaka" yakakurukurwa munhau yose yeAmerica, nokumwe kutaura kuti inofukidza bedzi mufambiro woutsotsi wakakomba uye vamwe vanorwisana kuti unobatanidza kushandiswa zvisina kufanira kwesimba kunotyisidzira nhevedzano yebumbiro remitemo. Mapurezidhendi matatu akapinzwa pasi paImba: Andrew Johnson muna 1868, Bill Clinton muna 1998, uye Donald Trump muna 2019 na 2021. Hapana chakava nemhosva yakawanwa naDare, kunyange zvazvo Purezidhendi Nixon akakwanisa kuvhotera panhau dzekudzosaenda kweImba.

Kutarisira Nokuongorora Kwemasangano

Simba rokunzvera harina kududzwa zvakajeka muBumbiro reMitemo asi rakazivikanwa neDare rapamusorosoro serinokosha kumubato wemitemo weCongress. Kupfurikidza nokunzwa, zviputu, uye mishumo, Congress inogona kunzvera kuti bazu guru riri kushandisa sei mitemo, kufukura tsvina nokushatisa, uye kuita kuti vakuru vakuru vakuru vazvidavirire. Gadziriro yedare rinobvumira Congress kuvamba unyanzvi munharaunda dzakananga uye kutungamirira zvinotarisirwa namasangano namapurogiramu zvinopfuurira.

Nzvero dzeCongress dzakafumura mhosho huru, kubatanidza kushatisa kukuru kweTeapot Dome kwama 1920, Watergate put-in, nhau yeIran-Contra, uye kudenha kweBenghazi. Kunzvera uku kwakatungamirira kukurega, kupfura, chinjo dzemitemo, uye muzvimwe zviitiko, kupomera mhaka. Zvisinei, kubudirira kwekutarisira kunotsamira pachido chezvamatongerwe enyika cheCongress uye kudisa kwako kudenha bazu guru, iro rinogona kuganhurirwa apo boka rimwe chetero rinodzora mapazu ose ari maviri.

Chibvumirano Chokuderedza Kusimba uye Mutemo Wokumwe

Apo Purezidhendi anenge achiitisa zvibvumirano zvokunze uye anotaurirana zvibvumirano, Dare rinofanira kunyoresa nezvibvumirano kupfurikidza nevoruzhinji vaviri nezvitatu vasati vaita. Ikoku kunopa Dare inzwi rine simba mukuumba misengwa yamarudzi ose yeAmerica. Dare rinogona kukarakadza kugadziridza zvibvumirano, kuisa migariro pakubatanidza, kana kuti kuramba kurangarira chibvumirano chose chose. Iyi nzvero inovimbisa kuti Purezidhendi haagoni kubatanidza United States nokukurumidza kubvumirano dzamarudzi ose dzisina tsigiro huru.

Mapurezidhendi pane dzimwe nguva akanzvenga muitiro webvumirano kupfurikidza nokushandisa zvibvumirano zvedare ravakuru vakuru, izvo zvisingadi tendero. Zvibvumirano zvine chiremera chavakuru vakuru zvinosungirwa pasi pomutemo wamarudzi ose asi hazvina mugariro mumwe chetewo wemumba sezvibvumirano. Dare rakadzivisa muitiro uyu, nemimwe mitezo ichiramba kuti unosekesa basa rebumbiro remitemo reDare. Dare Rapamusoro rakatsigira kushandiswa kwezvibvumirano zvehurumende, chero bedzi zvichiwirirana nechiremera chemitemo chiripo.

Kushandiswa Kwokupesana

Kuongorora uye kudzikamisa kuri pakati paPurezidhendi neCongress kunoshanda nenhevedzano yemiitiro yakati inobvumira bazi rimwe nerimwe kudzivisa kunyengera kwerimwe.

Purezidhendi Anoongorora Dare

Kupfuura pawirirano, Purezidhendi ane zvishandiso zvinoverengeka zvokunzvera simba resangano. Purezidhendi anogona kudana Congress kuti ive rusando chairwo, urwo runobvumira mukuru mukuru kugadza purogiramu yemitemo. Purezidhendi anewo simba rokutsiva kana makamuri maviri asingagoni kubvumirana pazuva rekuvimbisana, kunyange zvazvo simba iri risati ramboshandiswa. Simba rekanganwiro, rinobvumira Purezidhendi kubvumira kuti Reprieaivés nekanganwiro nokuda kwemhosva dzomubatanidzwa, harina kutenderwa uye rinoshanda secherekedzo pabazu redare uye, nenzira isina kunangamira, nesimba reDare rokurondedzera mhaka.

Purezidhendi anopesvedzerawo Congress kupfurikidza nechikuva chekudheerera, achishandisa hurukuro dzavose nezvinobudisa nhau kuti avakire tsigiro yakakurumbira nokuda kwezvirongwa zvokutarisira. Purezidhendi ane mirau inotenderwa zvikuru anogona kumanikidza Congress kubudisa mutemo, nepo purezidhendi ane chiverengero chakaderera angakuwana kwakaoma kufambisira mberi nhano ipi neipi. Iri simba risina kurongwa harina kunyorwa muBumbiro reMitemo asi razova chishandiso chinokosha choutungamiriri hwapurezidhendi munhambo yenhau yazvino uno.

Kuongorora Mutungamiriri Wechechi

Dare rine nzira dzakawanda dzokuongorora simba rapurezidhendi kupfuura dzatokurukurwa. Zano reDare uye simba rokubvuma zvinotambanudzwa nezvibvumirano nezvirongwa, nepo simba reImba racho chairo rokubudisa zvikwereti zvemari rinoripa basa guru mumitemo yemari. Gadziriro ye25th Amendment inobvumira kuti Paramende itore rutivi muzvisarudzo pamusoro pourema hwapurezidhendi uye kutevedzana, ichivimbisa kuti bazu revakuru vakuru rirambe richishanda kunyange apo Purezidhendi anenge asisina simba.

Chiratidzo chaLegislative Reorgantation Act ya 1946 yakatanga muitiro wemari yokuronga masangano, ichipa Congress gadziriro yakarongwa yokugadza mutemo wemari. Congregational Bal neImpoundment Control Act ya1974 yakasimbisazve simba reCongress yechikwama kupfurikidza nokuganhurira mano aPuerces okuisa mari iyo Dare rakada. Uyu mutemo wakanga uri mhinduro yakananga kushandisirwa kwaPrezidaridhendi Nixon kudzosa kudzosa kudzoserwa kwokushandiswa kwokudzosa kudzorwa kwemari papurogiramu aishora.

Nhungamiro Dzinozvimirira Nehurumende Inotungamirirwa

Kukura kwehurumende yokutonga kwakavhiringidza nzvero dzamagamuchidzanwa nedzikamo pakati paPurezidhendi neCongress. Masangano eependent akadai seFederal Reserve, Securence and Exchange Commission, uye Federal Ecomficition Commission rutivi rwebazu ravakuru asi akarongedzerwa kuvharwa kudzorwa kwapamberi poutungamiriri. Vatungamiriri vavo vanobatira mirairo yakagadzwa uye vanogona kubviswa bedzi nokuda kwechisakiso, vachiganhuridza mano aPurezi kugona kutungamirira zviito zvavo.

Dare rakagadzira aya masangano kuti apedze nhau dzourongwa hwakaoma dzinoda unyanzvi hwezvigaro zvamatongerwe enyika. Zvisinei, kuzvimirira kwamasangano aya kwakadenhwa napurezidhendi avo vanotaura kuti vanoputsa rondedzero yedare guru. Dare Gurusa rakataura pamusoro penhau idzi se Humproy's . United States[FLT] [35] na Free Enterpurise Fund v. Public Company Accounting OverSight Board [[[FLT:]]] (20), kazhinji kazhinji rinotsigira pamutemo yamasangano anozvimiriro anozvimirira apo aidzikanisa.

Mienzaniso Yenhau Yokuongorora uye Yedzikamo Inoshanda

Ukama huri pakati paPurezidhendi neCongress hwakaedzwa kakawanda munhau yose yeAmerica.Mienzaniso iyi inoratidza kuti nzira yokuongorora uye yokudzikamisa zvinhu inoshanda sei.

Kuzvidavirira KwaPurezidhendi weWatergate

Chinonyadzisa cheWatergate chema1970 chinoramba chiri muenzaniso unoshamisa zvikurusa weCongress inonzvera simba rapurezidhendi. Pashure pokupunzika padzimbahwe reDemocratic National Committee, Congress akatanga nzvero dzakakura idzo dzakazivisa mutoo wokushandisa zvisina kufanira simba kwaPurezidhendi Nixon nehurumende yake. Dare reCamperate Watergate rakabata nzeve dzakabata ngwariro yorudzi, nepo Dare reHouse Judicia raidzoro rakatendera nyaya dzekudzorwa kweruramisiro, kushandiswa zvisina kufanira kwesimba, uye kuzvidza Dare reHurumende.

Kurega kwaNixon muna August 1974, Imba isati yagona kuvhota pamusoro pokusabvumirana, kwakaratidzira kushanda kwoutarisiri hwehurumende apo yakabatanidzwa nedzvinyiriro yavose nechiito chokutonga. Mhaka inonyadzisa yakatungamirira kuchinjo huru, kubatanidza Ethics in Government Act, kuumbwa kwezano rakasununguka, uye mirau yezvemari yakawedzerwa. Chinoitika chacho chakavambawo muenzaniso wokuti mapurezidhendi anogona kunzi anozvidavirira nokuda kwokushandiswa zvisina kufanira kwesimba, kunyange apo kubatwa zvisina kufanira ikoko kusati kuri mhaka dzoutsotsi.

Kuedza Kwesimba reCongress Neganhuriro Dzesimba Ramasangano

Kusateerera kwaPurezidhendi Clinton muna 1998 kwakaedza miganhu yesimba reCongress. Imba yakashora kupomera mhaka uye kudzongonyedzwa kweruramisiro zvine chokuita noukama hwake neWhite House. Mhaka yakamutsa mibvunzo inokosha pamusoro pechinoumba "mhosva huru netsotsi" uye kana kusatendeseka kunofanira kuchengeterwa kubatwa zvisina kufanira kwesimba rehurumende panzvimbo pomufambiro usina kufanira womunhu oga.

Dare rakasunungura Clinton pashure pokutonga kwamavhiki mashanu, nenyaya yokusatendera kugamuchira vhoti huru. Muuyo wacho wakakarakadza kuti Congress yaizochengeta kurambwa nokuda kwomufambiro unotyisidzira zvakananga murairo webumbiro remitemo, mukupesana nokundikano dzomunhu oga. Chiitiko chacho chakasimbisawo mugariro wezvamatongerwe enyika womuitiro wokusatendiswa, namavhoti anotevera zvikurukuru mitsetse yebato.

Murayiro Wokutarisira Unodhura Nemiganhu Yesimba Romutemo

Kupfuudzwa kweAffordble Care Act muna 2010 kwakaratidzira simba reCongress rokuita chinjo huru dzemiitiro, kunyange mukutarisana nechishoro chapurezidhendi. Purezidhendi Obama akaita kuti kutarisira utano kugadziridze nzvimbo yokutanga huru yeutarisiri hwake, kushanda neCongress kumutemo wegadziriro yamabasa aizowedzera kufukidzwa nokudzorwa kwemisika yeinishuwarenzi. Mutemo wakapiwa bedzi namavhoti eDdemocratic pashure pekurukurirano yegakava yakagara rinopfuura gore rimwe.

Zviitiko zvakatevera zvakaenzanisira cheki idzo purezidhendi anogona kushandisa pamutemo uripo. Purezidhendi Trump, uyo akashora ACA, akashandisa mirairo yavakuru vakuru nechinjo dzokudzikamisa kuti zvinetese mutemo, kubatanidza kuderedza mari yokushandisa nokuda kwokuwana nokunyoresa, kuwedzera gadziriro dzeinishuwarenzi dzenguva pfupi dzisingawirirani nemitemo yeACA, uye kutsigira denho dzedare kumutemo. Zviito izvi zvakaratidza kuti nepo Congressmending ichigona kuita mitemo, Purezidhendi ane simba rinokosha rokuumba mashandirwe adzo adzo.

Masimba Ehondo Emasangano Nechiito Chehondo

War Powers Resolution ya 1973, yakapfuudzirwa paPurezidhendi Nixon's, inomirira kumwe kuedza kukurusa kweCongress kunzvera chiremera chapurezidhendi mumutemo wokumwe. Mutemo unoda kuti Purezidhendi abvunze Dare asati aita mauto ane zvombo kuti arwise uye kuti adzore mauto pakati pamazuva 60 ne90 kutoti kana Congress ichibvumira chiito. Chisarudzo chacho chakanga chiri mhinduro yakananga kuHondo yeVietnam, iyo vakawanda muDare raidavira kuti yakanga yaitwa pasina mvumo womutemo wapamutemo.

Masimba eWar Resolment ave achimutsa nharo chifo chokugadzwa kwawo. Mapurezidhendi akataura kuti inodzongonyedza chiremera chavo chebumbiro remitemo savatungamiriri vehurumende uye kazhinji kazhinji yakakundikana kuwirirana nezvinodikanwa zvavo zvokubvunza. Dare harina kuwanzoita kuti chisarudzo chiitwe, zvikurukuru nemhaka yokuti mitezo inozengurira kutora mutoro wezvisarudzo zvehondo pakati perwisano. Kukakavadzana pakati pamasimba ehondo apurezidhendi nechiremera chourongwa kunoramba kusina kupedzwa, nerwisano imwe neimwe inotevedzana inomutsa mibvunzo mitsva pamusoro pedzikano yakafanira.

Dzikamo Inopfuurira Yesimba Munhambo Yazvino Uno

Kuongorora uye kudzikama kuri pakati paPurezidhendi neCongress kwakachinja zvinoshamisa muzana remakore rapfuura, zvichikonzerwa nokuchinja kweruzivo rwokugadzira zvinhu, zvematongerwo enyika, uye ukuru hwehurumende.

Kutanga Kwehurumende Yokutarisira

Hurumende yehurumende yaikura mukati menhambo dzeNew Deal neGreat Society dzakachinja simba rinokosha kubva paCongress kuenda kubazu guru.Congress yakagadzira masangano akawanda ndokupa chiremera chakafara kwavari, vachikarira kuti vatarisiri vane unyanzvi vaizoshandisa mirau yakaoma zvikuru kupfuura yaigona kuitwa navanogadza mitemo. Nhume idzi dzakapa pesvedzero huru panzvimbo dzemitemo idzo dzaichimbova nzvimbo yakaganhurirwa yeCongress.

Dare rakaedza kubvisa chimwe chechiremera ichi kupfurikidza nemitoo yakadai seCongressonal Review Act, inobvumira kuti Congress iputse mitemo yesangano nechisarudzo chenhengo imwe chete.

Kuchinja Boka Nerwisano Yesangano

Kuparadzana kwebato kunowedzera kwakawedzera rwisano pakati paPurezidhendi naCongress. Apo purezidhendi neCongress zvinodzorwa namapoka akasiyana, rwisano yakarongwa inogona kuva hondo inotsiva, nerutivi rumwe norumwe ruchishandisa masimba ayo ebumbiro remitemo kudzivisa purogiramu dzeimwe. Ikoku kwakatungamirira kudzimwe nzvimbo, vanambuya vakawanda, kunzvera kukuru, uye nhamburiko dzakawanda kudzivisa muitiro wemitemo wenguva dzose kupfurikidza nemirairo yavakuru vakuru vakuru namamwe mabasa asingazivikanwi.

Dzimwe nyanzvi dzinotaura kuti kuparadzana kwakaita kuti pave nokusashanda zvakanaka kwezvibvumirano, kuchidzivisa hurumende kugadzirisa zvinetso zvinonetsa zvakadai sechikwereti chorudzi, kuchinja kwokutama, uye kuchinja kwemamiriro okunze.

Ruzivo Rwokugadzira Zvinhu Nokuchinja Kwokutarisira

Ruzivo rwezvokugadzira zvinhu rwachinja mashandisiro anoita Purezidhendi neCongress.Nzanga dzinobvumira mapurezidhendi kukurukura zvakananga nevanhu, kudarika zvinobudisa nhau zvemagamuchidzanwa, uye, kusvika pamwero wakati, Congress, zvishandiso zvemichina zvakaita kuti kutarisira musangano kubudirire zvikuru, matare achikwanisa kuwana mashoko akawanda uye zvinyorwa zvekurukurirano pakuongorora.

Zera remichina rakamutsawo mibvunzo mitsva pamusoro peropafadzo yavakuru vakuru nokuwana mashoko. White House yakadzivisa zvikumbiro zvekurukurirano dzomukati, ichitaura kuti yakadzivirirwa neropafadzo yechiremera neropafadzo yebasa rinoderedza. Dare rakagamuchira kupfurikidza namapulena uye, muzvimwe zviitiko, mashoko okuzvidza, anotungamirira kuhondo dzapamutemo idzo dzisina kupedzwa nguva dzose zvakajeka.

Mugumisiro: Kuchinja Kusingaperi Kwemakero Nedzikamo

Kuongorora nokudzikama pakati paPrezidhendi neCongress kunoramba kuchikosha kukushanda kwehurumende yeAmerica. Gadziriro ino, yakagadzirwa naMadzibaba Akavambwa kuti vadzivise kuiswa simba, yakabvumikisa kuva yakasimba nenzira inoshamisa muanopfuura mazana maviri amakore emigariro inochinja. Yakapukunyuka hondo, njodzi dzemari, misikanzwa yezvamatongerwe enyika, uye chinjo huru muchimiro chehurumende.

Vagari vemo vanonzwisisa kuti Purezidhendi neCongress vanoshanda sei pamwe chete vanokwanisa kuongorora nharo dzezvematongerwe enyika, voita kuti vamiririri vavo vazvidavirire, uye voitawo chimwe chinhu muhurumende yegutsaruzhinji.

Sezvo United States inotarisana nedenho itsva kubva pakuchinja kweruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu kuenda kumakwikwi ezvematongerwe enyika, kunzvera nokudzikamiswa pakati paPurezidhendi neCongress kuchapfuurira kushanduka. Ruzivo rutsva, tyisidziro itsva, uye kurongeka kutsva kwezvamatongerwe enyika zvichaedza gadziriro yebumbiro remitemo munzira idzo Vavambi vasingagoni kukarira. Asi nheyo huru inoramba yakafanana: hapana bazu rimwe rehurumende rinofanira kuva nesimba risingadzorwi. Kubatana kunopfuurira pakati paPrezidheni naCongress, nenhamo dzaro nerwisano dzaro, hazvisati zviri chiratidzo chokukundikana asi chiratidzo chokusimba rinogara kwegadziriro yemitemo yeAmerica.

Nokuda kwokuravazve, nzvera rugwaro rwakazara rweBumbiro reMitemo paNational Archives, hwirudzura [[FT:2] Mapepa eFederation paCongress.gov, uye nzvera [[FLT:] kufungwa kwenzvimbo yebazu renzvimbo yebasa .