Kutanga Kudare Rehurumende

Gadziriro yedare ravagari vemo inheyo yegakava munhau dzisiri dzoutsotsi. Inogovera nzvimbo yakarongeka umo vanhu vamwe navamwe, mabhizimisi, uye masangano ehurumende vanogona kupedza rwisano dzinovambira pabvumirano dzakaputsika kusvikira kukuvadziko yomunhu oga. Kusafanana namatare amatare amatare anobetsera pakuranga mhaka muhurumende, matare avagari vemo anovavarira kupedza gakava ndokugovera mishonga yemari kana kuti kuita chimwe chinhu. Kunzwisisa iyi tsika inokosha nokuda kwomunhu upi noupi anobatanidzwa mugakavaradziro yapamutemo, pamwe chete nokuda kwavadzidzisi navadzidzisi vanotsvaka kunzwisisa kushanda kwapamutemo kwenzira iyo ruramisiro inoshanda nayo kunze kwenhandare youtsotsi.

Chii Chiri Muitiro Wedare Ravagari Vemo?

Papfundo rayo, gadziriro yedare ravagari vemo inopedza kusawirirana pakati pamapati avanhu. Mhaka inovamba apo mumwe mubato (mupokate) anoisa nyunyuto pamumwe (mukwirirwi) anorevera mhaka yapamutemo. Nharidzano haisati iri yokutumira mumwe munhu kujeri asi kururamisa chikanganiso chinozivikanwa, kumanikidzira chikwereti, kana kuti kudzivisa kuvadziko yenguva yemberi. mutemo wehurumende unofukidza ruwara rwakawanda rwemibato yavanhu: kubva pagakava remuridzi wenzvimbo yechengeteko inoiswa kudare rinorwisana nemari yamarudzi akawanda anorwisana namasangano anotonga.

Dare ravagari vemo rinoshanda pasi pomutumbi womutemo unozivikanwa semuitiro wavagari vemo, unoratidzira mitemo yokurongedza, kuronga, uye nhau dzinofadza. Iyi mitemo inosiana nehurumende asi inogoverana nheyo dzinozivikanwa navose, zvakadai sechinodikanwa chokuti mupurisa anofanira kubvumikisa mhaka yake kupfurikidza ne shiviriro youfakazi.

Kuvakwa Kwedare Rehurumende

Sangano rematare evagari vemo rinotsamira pakuti nyaya yacho inotongwa nedare rehurumende kana kuti rehurumende. Gadziriro imwe neimwe ine dare rayo rinodzora, asi zvose zviri zviviri kazhinji kazhinji zvinobatanidza matare okutonga, matare apakati, uye dare renzvimbo dzokupedzisira.

Dare Rokutonga (Chidzidzo Chokutanga)

Dare redare ndimo umo nhau dzevagari vemo dzinovamba. Dzinowanzonzi matare makuru, matare oruwa, kana kuti matare ematunhu, zvichitsamira pahurumende. Mudare rehurumende, matare anotonga iUnited States District Courts. Pamwero uyu, mutongi kana kuti dare rinosarudza anoona ufakazi, anoongorora zvapupu, uye anosarudza maidi. Mitongo mizhinji yavagari vemo inoenda kunotongwa inoita saizvozvo pamberi pedare rinobetsera dare redare, kunyange zvazvo boka rimwe nerimwe richigona kutora mhaka yedare mutongo webhenji apo mutongi oga anosarudza.

Matare Anoedza Kuongorora (Kuongorora Kwepakati)

Kana mutezo uchifunga kuti dare rokutonga rakaita mhosho yapamutemo (somuenzaniso, kubvumira ufakazi husingabvumikiki kana kuti kushandisa mutemo zvisina kururama(*) zvinogona kukwirira kudare rapamusoro. Mugadziriro yomubatanidzwa, iyi iUnited States Courts of Appeals, yakakamuraniswa kuva matunhu 13. matare eAppellate haasati achipokanidza maidi; anogona kuhwirudzura chinyorwa nokuda kwezvikanganiso zvomutemo. Anogona kusimbisa, kuchinja, kana kuti kudzoserazve mhaka kudare rokutonga nokuda kwokumwezve.

Dare Rapamusoro Zvikurusa (Kukwirira Kwezviito)

Dare rapamusoro zvikurusa munyika rinowanzonzi dare gurusa rehurumende (kusvikira kuNew York rinodana dare raro rokutonga kuti Dare Rapamusoro-soro (inhau inozivikanwa navose yenyongano). Mugadziriro yehurumende, Dare Gurusa reU. idare rokupedzisira. Rinonzwa chikamu chiduku bedzi chenhau dzakapiwa, richisarudza idzo dzinosimudzira mibvunzo inokosha yebumbiro remitemo kana kuti yomutemo. Zvisarudzo zveDare Rapamusorosoro zvinobatira pamatare ose akaderera ari mukati maro.

Nokuda kwokupinda kwakadzama zvikuru mugadziriro yedare rehurumende, shanyira U.S. Dare rehurumende nzvimbo.

Muitiro Wedare Ravagari Vemo Muudzame

Kunzwisisa nhanho imwe neimwe kunobatsira vagari vemo uye vanoona kuti chii chinotevera.

Kunyunyuta

Muitiro unovamba apo madhindiropu apamutemo uye nyora dare rakafanira. Chinyunyuto chinofanira kutaura zvakajeka hwaro hwapamutemo hwekutaura kwacho (mutoo, kuputswa kwebvumirano, kuregeredza) ndokududza nyaradzo inodikanwa (yakadai sechishavo chemari kana kuti murairo. Mitengo yeFiritiff inoshanda, uye mutongi anofanira kusarudza kana achifanira kukumbira kutonga dare.

Basa Rokugadzirira

Pashure pokunyora, mukwiridziri anofanira kuzivisa nenzira yapamutemo mukwiridziri. Ikoku kunoitwa kupfurikidza nebasa romuitiro, uko kunobatanidza zvikurukuru kuendesa kopi yenyunyuto nembiriso dzinoda mukwirirwi kuti apindure. Mitemo yebasa rakafanira ndeyorumano; basa risina kufanira rinogona kutungamirira kukudzingwa. Kazhinji kazhinji mushandisi wenyanzvi kana kuti mutauriri anoita iri basa.

Zvaakaita Mudziviriri

Mukwirirwi ane nguva yakaganhurirwa (kazhinji kazhinji mazuva 21-30) okunyora mhinduro. Mhinduro inobvuma kana kuti kuramba pomero imwe neimwe uye ingamutsa dziviriro dzinoshanda (kwakadai somutemo weganhuriro kana kuti kuzvikwidziridza). Mukwirirwi anogonawo kunyora chiito chokudzinga (dzimwe nguva inonzi mudemur) achiramba kuti kunyange kana chinhu chiri chose chinotaura kuti ichokwadi, hapana kutaura kwapamutemo.

Kuwana

Kuongorora kunowanzoita kuti vanhu vapedzisire vava kutoita zvokuudzana mashoko uye uchapupu.

  • [[[FRATO: 0] Mibvunzo yakanyorwa inofanira kupindurwa pasi pemhiko.
  • [[[FT:0] Chipupuriro cheMiromo: Chipupuriro chaMashoko chinopiwa pamberi pokutongwa, kazhinji kazhinji chakanyorwa.
  • [ Kukumbira Kubudiswa: Kuda kwezvinyorwa, maemail, kana kuti mamwe marekodhi.
  • Kukumbira nokuda kwokubvumira: Tsime idzo rumwe rutivi runofanira kubvuma kana kuti kuramba.

Matare anokurudzira vanhu kuti vashandire pamwe chete panenge pawanikwa zvinhu izvi, uye vatongi vanogona kupa mitongo yokubatwa zvisina kufanira.

Kutanga Kufamba Nemisangano

Rumwe rutivi rusati rwatongwa, rumwe rutivi rungabatanidza kupfupikisa nhau yacho chose chose. Kufamba nokuda kwechisarudzo chokupfupikisa kunotaura kuti hakuna gakava rechokwadi pamusoro pamaidi enhau, naizvozvo mutongi anofanira kutonga senhau yomutemo pasina kutongwa. Matarewo ane misangano inoitwa pamberi pedare kuti akurukure rudungwe, kugadzikiswa kwenhau, uye ufakazi husingachinjiki.

Kutongwa

Kana nyaya yacho isati yapera kana kuti yadzingwa, nyaya yacho inosanganisira mashoko okuzarura, kuongorora zvakananga uye kuongorora zvapupu, kutanga kuratidzwa, uye nharo dzokupfiga. Pashure pedare rinobetsera vatongi (kana kuti mutongi) vamaune, mutongo unopiwa. Mukutonga kwebhenji, mutongi anotaura zvakawanikwa zveidi nemhedziso dzomutemo.

Rutongeso Nenhamburiko Dzapashure

Pashure pechisarudzo, dare rinopinda muchisarudzo. vara racho vangaronga mibato yapashure pokutonga, zvakadai sokufamba nokuda kwekutonga kutsva kana kuti chiito chokutonga pasinei zvapo nechisarudzo (JNOV), vachitaura kuti hapana mutongi ane mufungo aigona kuve akasvika mhedziso iyoyo.

Kumbira

Kana kudzorwa kwedare kwapashure pedare kukakundikana, mubato unorashikirwa unogona kukwirira kudare rapamusoro. Kukwirira kunonangidzira ngwariro pazvikanganiso zvapamutemo, kwete kusabvumirana kwechokwadi. Dare rinoongorora chinyorwa chokutonga uye manyoro akanyorwa, uye rinogona kunzwa zvibvumikiso zvokutaura. Inogona kusimbisa, kuchinja, kana kuti kudzokorora nhau yacho.

Nokuda kwenhungamiro yehurumende nehurumende kumitemo yetsika dzavagari vemo, Legal Information Institute paCornell inopa chivako chakaisvonaka.

Marudzi Emhosva Dzevagari Vemo

Zviitiko zvevanhuwo zvavo zvakasiyana - siyana chaizvo.

Gakava Rinorwisana

Vatsigiri zvipikirwa zvinochengetwa pamutemo. Apo mumwe anokundikana kuita jeko(achiti kudimburwa) — mumwe angakwirira nokuda kwekuvadziko kana kuti kuita chaiko. Mienzaniso inobatanidza gakava pamusoro pezvibvumirano zvebhizimisi, zvibvumirano zvebasa, uye kutenga nzvimbo.

Kukuvara Kwomunhu Oga Nezvironda

Zviitiko zvemunhu pachake zvinotozokanganiswa nemutemo, kusanganisira tsaona dzemotokari, kutadza kushanda zvakanaka kwezvokurapa, chikwereti chezvinhu zvinogadzirwa, uye chikwereti chezvinhu.

Kusawirirana Nezvinhu

Zvibvumirano zvezvinhu zvinosanganisira kuva nenzvimbo, miganhu, kuderedza mamiriro ezvinhu, uye kunyoresa zvibvumirano.

Mutemo Wemhuri

Matare emhuri anobata kurambana, kodzero yokuchengeta vana, kutsigira vana, kurera vana, kurera vana, uye kurwisana mudzimba kunodzora mitemo.

Makakatanwa Ebasa

Kukwidziridzwa kwebasa kunobatanidza kuparadzwa kusina kururama, rusaruro rwakavakirwa padzinza kana kuti chirume, mubhadharo nokuputswa kwemibairo, uye kuputswa kwezvibvumirano zvisina kurongeka. Nhau dzakawanda dzakadaro dzinochengetwa mumitemo yehurumende kana kuti yehurumende inorwisana nehurumende.

Zviito Zvematai

Muchiito chekirasi, mumwe kana kuti vapari vemhosva vakawanda vakatambura kuvadziko yakafanana.Mienzaniso inobatanidza kubiridzira kusachengetedzwa kwemari, zvinhu zvakashatiswa, uye kubiridzira vanhu vazhinji.

Mhaka Dzekodzero Dzevanhu

Vanhu vamwe navamwe vangapomera masangano ehurumende kana kuti vakuru vakuru nokuda kwokuputswa kwekodzero dzawo dzebumbiro remitemo, zvakadai sokutsvaka kusiri kwapamutemo nokubvuta, simba rakanyanyisa, kana kuti rusaruro mumashoko anodzivirira akaenzana.

Mifungo Mikuru Mumutemo Wavagari Vemo

Kudzora gadziriro yedare ravagari vemo kunoda kurovedzana nenheyo dzapamutemo dzinoverengeka.

Mitoro Nemipimo Zvinobvumikisa

Mubati anotakura mutoro wechibvumikiso. Muzvinoitika zvavagari vemo, mupimo i kurangarira ufakazi, kureva kuti mubati anofanira kupwisa idi-bvumwa kuti shanduro yavo sezvingabvira zvikuru ndeyechokwadi kupfuura isati. Iyi idanda rakaderera kupfuura mupimo woutsotsi wokusapanikira kune mufungo.

Kuparadza Kwakasiyana - siyana

Mibayiro yematare yokutsiva mupurisa nokuda kwokurasikirwa kunoparirwa nomufambiro womukwirirwi.

  • [[FLT: 0] Kukuvadza: fukidza kurasikirwa chaikoiko kufanana nechikwereti chokurapa, mari yakarasika, uye kuvadziko yezvinhu.
  • [ Kukuvadza kunopinza: kwakagadzirirwa kuranga zvikurukuru mufambiro unonyengera ndokudzivisa chakaipa chomunguva yemberi. Hachiwanzoitwi uye chinowanzodzorwa nomutemo wehurumende.
  • [[FT:0] Kukuvara kwechimumuna: Chitsama chiduku chakapiwa apo mupurisa anobvumikisa kuputswa kwapamutemo asi haana kurasikirwa zvikuru.
  • Migadzikiso isingawirirani:[[FT:1] Panzvimbo pemari, dare ringaraira chiito chaicho (mutoo., kumanikidza mumwe munhu kupedza chibvumirano), mirairo (kumisa mubato unokuvadza), kana kuti kudzorera.

Kuziva Zvausingakwanisi

Mhaka dzose dzehurumende dzinofanira kuchengetwa mukati mewindo chairo renguva yakagadzwa nomutemo, unonzi mutemo weganhuriro. Nguva inosiana kupfurikidza nechimiro nehurumende. Somuenzaniso, kuvadziko yomunhu oga ingava nemuganhu wegore rimwe kusvikira kumatatu, nepo chibvumirano chinowanzobvumira makore matatu kusvikira kumatanhatu. Kana mupurisa akapotsa musi wakagadzwa, mhaka inorambidzwa nokusingaperi, uye pasina maruramiro ayo.

Kumira Kuna Sue

Mutongi anofanira kuva akamira, kureva kuti akatambura kuvadziko chaiyo iyo dare rinogona kurapa.

Kugadzikisa uye Kupesana Kusingagari (ADR)

Huzhinjisa hwenhau dzavagari vemo dzinopera pamberi pekutongwa. Kutaurirana kwokugara kunogona kuitika padanho ripi neripi, uye matare akawanda anoda kuti vanhu vaedze kutora kana kuti kudzosa pari kuvamba. Kubatanidza mumiririri asina divi raanotsigira anobatsira vanhu kusvika pabvumirano yokuzvidira. Kutora mutemo muitiro unosungisa kana kuti usingasungi kuti munhu wechitatu apedzisi chisarudzo. ADR anochengetedza nguva, mari, uye anodzvinyirira pfungwa.

Dare Remhosva: Misiyano Inokosha

Kunobetsera kusiana matare avagari vemo nevavakidzani vavo voutsotsi. Mudare routsotsi, hurumende inotonga munhu nokuda kwokuputsa mutemo. Mapango irusununguko / jeri, faindi, kutongwa. Mudare ravagari vemo, mupoteri mubato woga anotsvaka mhindu kana kuti kuzviisa pasi. Chiito chimwe chetecho chinogona kutungamirira kuzvose zviri zviviri pomero youtsotsi nemhosva yavagari vemo. Somuenzaniso, mutyairi akadhakwa anoparira tsaona angatarisana nokurovererwa kwemhaka yeutsotsi nokuda kweDui nesumo yavagari vemo nokuda kwendyiko yokurapwa kwavana vacho.

Mumwe musiano: vakwirirwi veutsotsi vane maruramiro kumudziviriri wavose kana vasingagoni kupa zano, asi vamiririri vehurumende kazhinji kazhinji vanofanira kupinza gweta ravo vamene. Hakuna maruramiro ebumbiro remitemo okusunungura mirau yapamutemo munhau dzehurumende, kunyange zvazvo mamwe matare achipa zviwiro zvebetsero. American Bar Association inogovera matura nezvishandiso zvokuwana betsero yapamutemo inobhadharika.

Nzira Yokugadzirira Nayo Kupiwa Mhaka Kwehurumende

Kana uri murevi kana kuti mupomerwi, kuva akagadzirira kunogona kutapura nomutoo unoshamisa muuyo. Hedzino nhano dzinoshanda dzokutora:

  • [[FOLT:0] Chengeta zvibvumirano zvose zvinokosha, maemail, mariti, mapikicha, uye nyorerana. Itai musimboti wezvinoitika.
  • Consult Attorney: Nhau zhinjisa dzehurumende dzakaoma zvakakwana zvokuti kumirira nyanzvi kunorumbidzwa. Magweta mazhinji anopa kubvunza kwokutanga kwapachena.
  • Pasi pe Ndyiko:[[FT:1] Rigigo rinogona kuva rinodhura. Mitengo yeAttorney, ndyiko dzedare, mari inopupurirwa nendyiko dzokuwana dzinowedzera. Rangarira kana kudzokororwa kana kuti kugadziriswa kuri nzira iri nani.
  • [[[FT:0] Ziva Nheyo dzakafa: Cherekedza nguva dzose dzokuronga nokudzikamisa ganhuriro. Kushaiwa nguva kunogona kuva kunouraya kunhau yako.
  • Gara wakarongwa: Shandisa faira yenhau kana kuti fakitari yemichina kuronda zvikumbiro, mhinduro dzekuwana, uye zvirairo zvedare. Chengeta karenda yekunzwa neganhuriro.

mhedziso

Gadziriro yedare ravagari vemo mutoo unokosha wokupedza nawo gakava pasina masimba masimba kana kuti ungwaru. Inodzikamisa maruramiro avanhu mukurwisana nechinodikanwa cherwisano ine nhevedzano kupfurikidza nemiitiro yakasimbiswa. Kupfurikidza nokunzwisisa chimiro chomutongo nematare edare, nhano nenhano kubva pakunyunyuta kuti ikwidze, marudzi enhau dzinozadza dare redare, uye mirangariro yapamutemo inodzora kurongwa kwechikwata, unozvisimbisa umene kushandisa gadziriro ino nenzira ine chivimbo zvikuru. Kana uri kufunda mutemo, kudzidzisa vamwe, kana kuti kugadzirira mhaka yako umene, iyi zivo yenheyo inochinja pamutemo kuva nzvimbo inotemwa nagiro inoita kuti igotengwe nenzira inobudirira.

Nokuda kwokuraviwazve pamusoro pomuitiro wavagari vemo nezviwanikwa zvedare, nzvera National Center for State Courts, iyo inopa mashoko nenhungamiro pamabasa edare rehurumende muUnited States mose.