Kunzwisisa Dare: Mushonga Wokudzora

Dare isangano guru mubazu romutemo wehurumende dzinosarudzwa navanhu rakakurumbira zvikurusa renyika. Kusafanana nedzimba huru, dzakaderera zvikuru, dzinoda kupesana, Dare rakarongedzerwa kugovera tsiyerero, kumirira fariro dzomunharaunda, uye mutemo wenhau wokungwarira, namaune. Kuvagari vemo, kunzwisisa Dare kunokosha nokuda kwokunzwisisa kuti mitemo inoitwa sei, kuti simba rehurumende rinodzorwa sei, uye kuti fariro dzavo dzomunzvimbomo dzinomiririrwa sei pamwero wenyika. Iyi nhungamiro inogovera kuputsika huru kwamavambo eDare, chirongwa, masimba akananga, uye basa raro rinoshanda mukudzora kwazvino uno.

Mavambo Enhau eDare

Murangariro wesenate hausi mugadzirirwo wazvino uno. Shoko iro rimene rinobva muchiLatin senex, kureva kuti "womwoyo mukuru," unotaura kuDare reRoma rapakuvamba sedare ravakuru. Dare iri pakutanga rakaumbwa nemhuri dzechipriniki uye rakabatira muukuru hwechibvumirano kuvhozhotera. Nokufamba kwenguva, Dare reRoma rakawana udzori pamari, muitiro wokumwe, uye tarisiro yorudzidziso, richiva sangano rinogara zvikurusa reRiphabliki yeRoma.

Mufananidzo weimba yapamusoro yaibviswa musimba wakamutsidzirwa ndokugadziridzwa muEurope, zvikurukuru muImba yaMadoda yeBritain. Zvisinei, Dare razvino uno rinopesvedzera zvikurusa rakabuda muUnited States Convention yeConstitution muna 1787. Kuumbwa kweDare reU.S. wakanga uri mugumisiro wakananga we * * * mexmeticut Tontion**, chibvumirano chakakomba chakapedza rwisano pakati penyika huru, iyo yaida kumirira chose chose chose pavagari vemo, uye nyika duku, idzo dzaitya kukundwa. Dare rinobvumirana pane zvisina kufanira panzvimbo yadzorwa: Imba yavamiririri yakavakirwa pavagari vemo, uye Dare rinobudisa mufananidzo wakaenzana nokuda kwehurumende imwe neimwe.

Iyi gadziriro huru yakaitirwa kudzivirira uchangamire hwehurumende apo yaiumba hurumende yakasimba yehurumende. Pakutanga, vaSenator havana kusarudzwa zvakananga navanhu asi nevanogadza mitemo. Ikoku kwakachinja nokupfuudzwa kweKimidzi ye17, iyo yakaraira sarudza rakananga raSators kupfurikidza nevhoti yakakurumbira. Uku kuchinja Dare kwakashandura mutumbi unomirira hurumende kumunhu anozvidavirira zvakananga kuvhota, zvikurukuru kugadziridza dzikamo yesimba muAmerican utongi.

Mabasa eCore uye Simba reBumbiro reMitemo

Masimba aya akagadzirirwa kugovera nzvero yakasimba pazvose zviri zviviri bazu guru uye zvishuvo zvikuru zveHouse of Declarations.

Kuhwirudzurwa Kwomutemo uye Kugadziridzwa Kwemitemo

Kufanana neimba yakaderera, Dare rine simba rokusuma, kurukurirano, uye mirau yegweta. Mutemo unofanira kupfuura makamuri ose ari maviri muchimiro chakafanana usati wagona kutumirwa kumukuru mukuru nokuda kwokusayina. Dare kazhinji kazhinji rinoshanda se "mutoo wokusimbisa," kuhwirudzura mutemo unopfuudzwa neImba uye kugadziridza. Nemhaka yokuti Dare iduku zvikuru uye rine mitemo mishomanene inoganhura, rinogona kuyera, murangariro murefu wetsika.

Zano Nebvumirano

Chimwe chezvishandiso zvine simba zvikurusa i "chitendero nebvumirano". MuChikamu II cheBumbiro reMitemo reU.S., Purezidhendi haagoni kugumisa zvibvumirano kana kuti kugadza vakuru vakuru pasina mvumo yeDare.

  • Kusimbiswa kweMasarudzo:[[FLT: 1] Mutungamiriri wehurumende anotora mitezo yeCabit, vatongi vehurumende, vatongi veDare Gurusa, uye nhume. Dare reDare reDare reMutongi (pamiteve) kana kuti dare rakafanira rinoita kuti vadavire ava vanoda kubhapatidzwa. Dare rakazara ipapo rinovhota. Kurambwa hakuwanzo asi kunowirirana zvikuru; kurambwa kweDare gurusa redare muna 1987 muenzaniso wetsika wokushandisa simba iri kuumba Dare redare redare kwamakumi amakore.
  • Zvibvumirano zvamarudzi ose zvinotaurirwa nebazu guru zvinoda vhoti yematatu maviri muDare nokuda kwokunatsa. Ikoku kunopa vashomanene veSanisi simba rokudzivisa zvibvumirano zvikuru zvamarudzi ose, kuchimanikidzira Purezidhendi kukurukura zvikuru nenhungamiro yeDare pamuitiro wokumwe.

Kuedza Miedzo

Dare rine simba rimwe chete rokuedza kuvhota. Nepo Imba yavamiririri ichivhota kuunza pomero (mutezo) mukuru mukuru wehurumende, Dare rinoshanda savatongi. Voti yamativi matatu maviri inodikanwa kuti ipedze ndokubvisa mukuru mukuru pahofisi. Uyu muitiro wakashandiswa mukurwisana naMapurezidhendi Andrew Johnson, Bill Clinton, uye Donald Trump, pamwe chete navatongi venyika vakawanda.

Kuongorora

Matare eDare ane chiremera chikuru chokunzvera bazu guru. Uku kunzvera kunogona kufumura tsvina, unyengeri, uye kubatwa zvisina kufanira, uye zvinobatira senzvimbo yavose nokuda kwokunzvera mabasa ehurumende. Nzvero dzapamusoro, dzakadai senzwiro dzeDare reChechi pamusoro pokushandiswa zvisina kufanira kwouchenjeri kana kuti teero dzeWatergate, dzakatungamirira kukuchinja kukuru kwemitemo ndokuchinja murangariro wavanhu.

Kuvakwa, Kuiswa Kwenzvimbo, uye Kutungamirira

Misiyano yokuvaka pakati peDare neimba yakaderera haisati ichingova youtongi; inoumbwa kuti ive tsika yakasiana yokutonga.

Mifananidzo Yakaenzana Nefariro Dzehurumende

MuDare reUnited States, nyika iri yose, pasinei zvapo nechiverengero chavagari vemo, vanosarudza chaizvoizvo vaviri vaSanica. Uku kumirira kwakaenzana ichinhu chinorondedzera zvikurusa cheDare. Inopa nyika duku simba gurusa. Somuenzaniso, Mutungamiriri weWyoming anomirira vanhu 580 000, nepo Mutengi weCalifornia anomirira anoda kusvika mamiriyoni 20. Uku kupesana kunovimbisa kuti zvinodikanwa zvehurumende dzisina kuwanda zvikuru hazvifuratirwi nehurumende yorudzi inonangidzirwa panzvimbo dzomumaguta chete.

Mashoko Akanyanyisa uye Kungwarira

Vagadziri vanobatira nokuda kwamashoko amakore matanhatu, anozunguzirwa zvokuti chikamu chimwe bedzi chezvigaro zvinomiswa nokuda kwesarudzo makore maviri ari ose. Ichi chivako chinogovera kupfuurira nokutsiga. Chinodzivirira Dare pakuchinjana kwakamwe kamwe mumurangariro wavose kunogona kutsvaira Imba. Mutenzi anoita chisarudzo chinomutsa nharo ane makore okuchitsanangura kuvakwa kwavakuru vakuru vehurumende, sezvinotaurwa achibvumira nokuda kwehurumende dzakawanda uye kutsigira kushoma kwenguva dzose.

Mabasa Outungamiriri

Gadziriro youtungamiriri muDare yakakomba nokuda kwokugadza purogiramu yemitemo:

  • Mutungamiriri weDare: Iri basa rinoitwa naMutungamiriri weHurumende yeUnited States. Basa ravo guru nderokutungamirira Dare ndokuvhota bedzi muchinoitika cheketi.
  • President Pro Tempore: A basa retsika zvikurukuru, rinoitwa namagamuchidzanwa naMutungamiriri mukurusa webato roruzhinji.
  • Mutungamiriri weMajeri: Nzvimbo ine simba zvikurusa muDare. Mutungamiriri anodzora karenda yemitemo, anosarudza kuti zvikwereti zvipi zvinouya pauriri nokuda kwokuvhota, uye anotarisira kurukurirano youriri.
  • [[[FLT: 0] [“Chipo] [ Chinobetsera Mutungamiriri Mukuru kupfurikidza nokuverenga vhoti, kusimbisa chirango chebato, uye kuvimbisa kuti mitezo yebato iripo nokuda kwamavhoti makuru.

Imba Yevamiririri

Kunzwisisa misiyano iri pakati peDare neImba kunokosha kunzwisiswa chikonzero nei Dare richiita nenzira yarinoita nayo.

  • [[FT:0] Ukuru:[[FLT 1] Dare rine mitezo 100; Imba ine 435. Uku kukura kuduku kunoita Dare rive munhu oga zvikuru uye risingavimbe zvikuru nemirau yakaoma.
  • : Imba inoshanda mumitemo inodzorwa nekurukurirano. Dare rinoshanda pabvumirano yavose nekurukurirano yakazaruka, richibvumira vasatamisi kutaura chero bedzi vachida kuti kurumanwe.
  • Uzivi:[[FT:1] Mutezo weImba unomirira ruwa rwakati rwemasangano. Mumiriri anomirira nyika yose. Ikoku kunopa varavi murangariro wakafara panhau dzakadai sekurima, simba, uye kutengeserana kwenyika.
  • Prastige: Nemhaka yamashoko avo marefu, mibatanidzwa yehurumende yose, uye masimba echienzi, vasarudzi kazhinji kazhinji vane pesvedzero huru yomunhu oga uye unooneka kworudzi kupfuura mitezo yeImba.

Gadziriro yeDare reDare reDare

Zhinjisa yebasa chairo redare remitemo inoitika mumatare. aya mapoka akarovedzeka anobvumira Sanicas kuvamba unyanzvi hukuru munharaunda dzakati dzemiitiro.

Kune marudzi anoverengeka ematare:

  • Matare akamira: nzvimbo dzenguva dzose dzinobata chikamu chikuru chomutemo. Mienzaniso mikuru inobatanidza Dare reAppropries (kudzora kushandiswa kwemari yomubatanidzwa), Dare reMari (mitero, kutengeserana, Security) Dare reJ, notimenditions Komiti yeMaruwa (kukurukurirana, kukurukurirana).
  • Kusarudza kana kuti Matare chaiwo: Matare echinguvana akaumbwa nokuda kwedonzo rakati, rakadai seDare raSarudza pamusoro peUchenjeri.
  • Matare Ane Mibatanidzwa: Akanyorwa nemitezo inobva muzvose zviri zviviri Imba neDare, aya matare anotsinhirana nechiito panhau dzakati kana kuti kutarisira masangano akadai seRaibhurari yeCongress.

Chigaro chedare chine pesvedzero huru. Vanosarudza kuti zvikweretii zvinowana kutongwa, vanotarisira muitiro wokupa mari (uko mabhiri anogadziridzwa ndokuvhoterwa), uye vanoshuma zvikwereti kuDare rakazara.

Mitemo Mikuru: Filibuster Nechibvumirano

Hapana kurukurirano yeDare yakakwana pasina kutaura kumoniabuster, unyanzvi hwekurukurirano hunorondedzera Dare razvino uno. Chinoumba mwana hachinyorwi muBumbiro reMitemo asi chakashanduka kubva mugamuchidzanwa reDare rekurukurirano isina kuganhurirwa.

Filibuster anobvumira Senator (kana kuti boka raSavata) kunonotsa kana kuti kuvhara mutemo kupfurikidza nokutaura nguva dzose. Nzira bedzi yokumisa napaneribhubhurosi kukumbira [ chigaro [, inoda kuvhota kukurusa. Ikoku kwakaparira zvokwadi umo zvikwereti zvikuru zvinoda mavhota 60 kuti zvipfuure, kunyange kana voruzhinji vakapfava vangava vakakwana.

Kushandiswa kwenhamba yavanamuchinda kwakatanga mumakumi amakore achangobva kupfuura aya. Kwakashandiswa munhau kazhinji kazhinji nokuda kwenhau dzenheyo yakakwirira, asi kwazova chishandiso chenguva dzose chebato duku kuvhara purogiramu yoruzhinji. Ikoku kwakatungamirira kurumano rwemitemo. Vatsoropodzi vanotaura kuti Chinoumba chinoparadza Dare ndokuputsa nheyo yomutemo wavazhinji. Vadziviriri vanoidzivisa maruramiro namasimba akarongwa.

Kudavidza kubatwa zvisina kufanira kwechikwata chevana kana kuti kunyorwa kwemashoko, Dare rakashandisa "NUCLEAT" muna 2013 uye 2017 kuderedza chikumbaridzo chekudimbura vhudzi nokuda kwevakawanda vakaderera. Izvi zvakachinja kusimbisa kwacho zvinoshamisa, zvichibvumira boka revoruzhinji kusimbisa vatongi nevakuru vakuru vekabhinabha pasina tsigiro ipi neipi.

Dare Richirovedza: Rinonzvera, Rinodzikamisa, uye Rinotsoropodza

Kunzvera Simba Rine Simba Rinodzora

Simba reDare rezano nokubvuma rinokuita nzvero yomuzvarirwo pabazu rinotonga. Dare rinodzorwa nebato rakasiana kupfuura zvinogona kupa simba gurusa, richidzivisa kugadzwa kwedare nokuraira kufeyafeya. Uku kuparadzana kwamasimba inheyo huru yetsika yemitemo yeAmerica.

Kutsoropodza Kwazvino Uno uye Kurayira Chinjo

Gadziriro yeDare yazova mukutsoropodzwa kunowedzera muzana ramakore rechi 21. Kutsoropodza kukuru kunonangidzira ngwariro pamufananidzo nokubudirira.

  • Kupa muranduko: Kumirira kwakaenzana kwehurumende kunoreva kuti vavhoti munyika duku vane simba guru zvikuru muDare kupfuura vavhoti munyika huru. Mutengi anomirira vanhu 600 000 ane vhoti imwe cheteyo neSenator inomirira mamirioni 40. Ikoku kunoderedza simba rokuvhota ravagari vemo munyika huru, dzakasiyana- siyana dzakadai seTexas, New York, uye Florida.
  • [ Gridrock yeIdrick: Mubatanidzwa wenhokwe (60-pakati) uye kubatana kukuru kwakaita kuti zviome zvikuru kuti Dare ripedze mutemo mukuru. Izvi zvakakangaidza vavhoti vanoona hurumende sevasingakwanisi kupedza zvinetso.
  • Chisarudzo cheNyukireya: Kukukurwa kwechinobereka nokuda kwokupfuudza kwakawedzera mativi ezvibvumikiso zvokutonga, kuchishandura muitiro kuva nzvimbo yehondo inorwisana zvikuru. Kwaderedza mukurumbira weDare se "muto unodya zvokudya."

Nzira Iyo Vagari Vanogona Kubatanidzwa Nayo neDare

Dare ringaratidzika kuva riri kure, asi rinogamuchira zvikuru zvinobatanidzwa nevagari vemo.

  • Sarudzo muDare: Sarudzo dzeDare dzinoitika makore maviri ari ose, kunyange zvazvo nyika imwe neimwe ichiita bedzi makore matanhatu ari ose. Sarudzo dzeMidters kazhinji kazhinji dzinoona kudzorwa kwakaderera asi dzinoraira kusarudza kudzora Dare.
  • Kuonana nefoni dzako: foni, maemail, uye mabhii zvinoteverwa nevashandi. Nepo email imwe ingasachinja vhoti, voruzhinji yeonano panhau yakananga vanowana ngwariro yeSante.
  • [[FOL:0] Horo dzeTown:[ Vatarisi vanoita misangano yavose kuti vanzwe kubva kuvatsigiri. Iyi mikana yakaisvonaka yokubvunza mibvunzo yakananga ndokuratidzira mirangariro yako.
  • Mapereti neMajeresa:[[FT:1] Mawebsite akafanana ne Conrev.gov inokubvumira kutsvaka zvikwereti, ona kuti Senator wako avhota sei, uye tevera purogiramu dzedare. Kunzwisisa chinyorwa cheSanitor yako ndiyo fandesheni yokuzvidavirira.
  • Komiti Yokuteerera Kunzwa: Kunzwa kwapaDare kwakawanda zvikurusa kunodzokororwa kuripo paIndaneti. Kutarira kunzwa inzira yakanakisisa yokuona nayo muitiro wemitemo unoshanda ndokunzwisisa mibvunzo yemiitiro iri kukurukurwa.

Kuchinja Kwenyika Yose Kwedare

Dare reUnited States rinongova bedzi muenzaniso mumwe, dzimwe nyika dzine dzimba dzapamusoro dzine zvivako namasimba zvakasiana.

  • Dare reAustralia: Vamiririri vanosarudzwa kupfurikidza nomufananidzo unowirirana. Ikoku kunobvumira mapoka maduku kuwina zvigaro, kuchiita Dare reAustralia "imba yokuhwirudzura" iro risingawanzova nehurumende zhinji. Masimba anobvumirana pane zvisina kufanira uye kutaurirana pamusoro pemitemo.
  • Dare reCanadia: Vamiririri vanogadzwa noMutungamiriri weHurumende, kwete kusarudzwa. Vanobatira kusvikira pazera ramakore 75 uye vanomirira nharaunda. Uyu muenzaniso wakatsoropodzwa samanyuko esangano, asi unopa nzvero isiri yebato paImba yakasarudzwa yeCommons.
  • ChiGerman Bundesrat: Iyi haisati iri dare rakasarudzwa zvakananga. Inoumbwa nenhume dzinobva kuhurumende dzehurumende dzehurumende ( Länder[). Nhume dzokuvhota dzinobva kuhurumende imwe neimwe dzinofanira kuvhota seboka. Boundesrat inomirira fariro dzehurumende mumitemo yehurumende, zvikurukuru panhau dzinotapura dzidzo nemapurisa.

Mumwe nomumwe wemienzaniso iyi unoratidza chinhu chakagadzirwa nehurumende chakasiyana nezvimwe uye unopindura mubvunzo wokumiririra nzvimbo zvakasiyana.

Mugumisiro: Kukudzwa Kusingaperi kweDare

Dare rinoramba riri sangano rine simba uye rinowanzomutsa nharo. Rakarongedzerwa kuva rinononoka, ramaune, uye rinodzivirira refariro dzechiduku — zvose zviri zviviri fariro dzezvamatongerwe enyika shomanene uye zviverengero zvehurumende zviduku. Nepo rinotarisana netsoropodzo dzinoshanda nokuda kwokuwedzera kusaenzana mumireza uye kuparira kurongwa kwemitemo, basa raro guru rokumanikidza kurangarira kworudzi panhau huru idziviriro yakakomba pakunyanyisa kwoutongi hukuru.

Nokuda kwavagari vemo, kunzwisisa Dare harisi basa refungidziro. Kuumbwa kweDare kunosarudza nhungamiro yedare rehurumende, ganhuriro dzesimba rehurumende, uye mugumo wezvirongwa zvikuru zvemiitiro. Kubatana neDare, kuchiita kuti vatongi vazvidavirire kupfurikidza nebhokisi rebhorati, uye kutsigira miuyo chaiyo yemitemo zviito zvinokosha zvokuva mugari wemo muhurumende inomirira hurumende inosarudzwa navanhu. Simba reDare rinotorwa muBumbiro reMitemo, asi kuva rapamutemo kwaro kunotsamira pabvumiro inoziviswa yehurumende.