Kudzora Dare reHurumende: Nhungamiro Inoshanda Nokuda Kwavagari Vapasi

Apo unopinda mudare rehurumende (kubvira pakuputswa kwemitongo, gakava remhuri, kutaura kwokukuvara kwomunhu oga, kana kuti pomero youtsotsi (8) mitemo nemiitiro zvinogona kunzwa zvisingazivikanwi uye zvichityisa. matare ehurumende anobata mativi mazhinji apamutemo muUnited States, kubva pamashoko maduku kusvikira kumhosva dzakakomba. Kunzwisisa mepu kubva pakuisa chisarudzo chokupedzisira kunokubatsira kuita zvisarudzo uchiziva, kudzivisa zvikanganiso zvinodhura, uye kuderedza funganyo. Iyi nhungamiro inoputsa nhano dzinoteverwa nedare rehurumende, inotsanangura mabasa avakuru vatoripo, uye inopa zano rinoshanda nokuda kwomunhu upi noupi anobatanidzwa mudariro.

Kunzwisisa Dare reHurumende Kupomerwa Negadziriro

Zvisati zvapinda munhano, zvinobetsera kunzwisisa apo mhaka inokwana mugadziriro yokutonga yehurumende yako.

Matare Okutonga (Matare Okupomera Kwokutanga)

Nyaya zhinjisa dzinovamba mudare rokutonga. Iwaya matare umo ufakazi hunopiwa, zvapupu, uye mutongi kana kuti vatongi vanosarudza maidi. matare eTrial anouya muzvimiro zvakasiana- siyana:

  • matare ehurumende akaganhurirwa: anobata nhau chaidzo dzakadai sematikiti emotokari, kutaura kuduku (kazhinji muchitsama chakati chedhora), kana kuti kakavadzano dzamuridzi wenzvimbo.
  • matare anodzora anogara achingoitwa: anonziwo matare makuru, matare ematunhu, kana kuti matare oruwa] anonzwa dzimwe mhaka dzose dzehurumende nedzeutsotsi, kubatanidza matsotsi, kutemwa kukuru kwehurumende, mutemo wemhuri, uye mapurotini.
  • matare akarongwa: matare emirimo, matare outano hwendangariro, uye matare agara nebasa anopa zvirongwa zvokurapa zvokutsiva zvavapa mhosva vakati.

Matare Anoda Kutongwa

Kana paine mubatanidzwa wakarasikirwa pakutongwa ndokudavira kuti chikanganiso chapamutemo chakaitika, vanogona kukwirira kudare rakakwirira. Mitemo mizhinjisa ine dare reparamediate applisete (kazhinji kazhinji inonzi Dare rezvikumbiro) uye dare rapamusorosoro [[[FLT]] [chiremera chakakwirira zvikurusa muhurumende pamutemo wenyika). Kukwirira hakupiwirirazve; vanonangidzira ngwariro pa kana dare rinotonga richishandisa zvakarurama mutemo.

Federal v. Dare reHurumende

Kunokoshawo kuziva kana mhaka yako iri mudare rehurumende kana kuti rehurumende. matare eFederal achibata mhaka dzinobatanidza mitemo yehurumende, mibvunzo yebumbiro remitemo, gakava pakati pavagari vemo venyika dzakasiana - siana (pamusoro pechitsama chakati), uye nhau dzakati dzokushata kana kuti kubhuroka. Zvikamu zvizhinjisa zvezuva riri rose. (magakava emotokari, tsaona dzemotokari, chatanuro, muridzi weimba, uye mhaka dzoutsotsi zhinjisa hwuzhinji) dzinotongwa mudare rehurumende.

Nokuda kwezvakawanda pamusiyano pakati poudzori hwehurumende nohwehurumende, ona U.S. Dare rejekiseni remubatanidzwa. matare ehurumende.

Chitayera 1: Kufema uye Kutungamirira

Mhaka imwe neimwe inotanga nechinyorwa chinonzi complufict (munhau dzechimumurenga) kana kuti information/dict (mumhosva). Munhu anotanga kupara mhosva ndiye [[FLT:]] fractntiff [[FL:5]] (chivil]) kana [ kukwidza ; rimwe boka ndironge

Chinyunyuto Kana Kuti Chikumbiro

Chinyunyuto chinotaura hwaro hwapamutemo hwenhau yacho ($acho chakaitika, mutemo wakaputswa, uye mushongai unotsvaka (mari, murayiro wokuita kana kuti kurega kuita chimwe chinhu, kana kuti, mumhaka dzoutsotsi, chirango). Muputi anofanirawo kuisa mubatanidzwa wemamon [, izvo zvinoratidzira mukwiridziridziri kuti vari kukwidzwa ndokupa nhambo yokupindura.

Basa Rokugadzirira

Mukwiridzwi anofanira kuziviswa pamutemo. Ikoku kunonzi basa romuitiro. Mutongi, mushandiri wetsamba akanyoreswa, kana kuti basa retsamba rinotenderwa rinobudisa nyunyuto namadai. Kana basa risati raitwa zvakarurama, dare ringasava nechiremera chavanhu pa [[[FLT:] pamukwiridziri, uye mhaka ingadzingwa.

Zvaakaita Mudziviriri

Mukwirirwi anofanira kunyora mhinduro [ mukati mechiverengero chakatemwa chamazuva (mufananidzo 20-30 mazuva). Mhinduro inobvuma kana kuti kuramba tsoropodzo imwe neimwe uye inogona kusimudza dziviriro. Kana kuti, mukwiridzirwi anogona kunyora mhedziso yokudzinga (anonziwo muderegi mune dzimwe nyika), achitaura kuti kunyange kana chinhu chiri chose chinotaura kuti ndechechokwadi, mutemo haupi nyaradzo, nokuti mutemo unopa muenzaniso.

Zvikamu zveChikepe uye Zvinotaurwa Nechitatu

Muzvinoitika zvakaoma, vakwirirwi vangataura kuti vanorwisana namamwe mapoka: surbunt-calaim mukurwisana neco-dendendintent, kana kuti frast [patatu] frast [ mukurwisana nomumwe munhu asati ava muchinoitika uyo angava ane mutoro wezvisarudzo zvepetu.

Nokuda kwokupinda kwakadzama zvikuru mumitemo yomuitiro wehurumende inodzora kukumbira, shanyira [[FLT: 0] Cornell Legal Information Institute yepfupiso yeFederal Rules of Civil Procedure (mirau mizhinji yenyika inotevera mitoo yakafanana).

Chinoyera 2: Kugadzirwa Kusati Kwaitika — Kuwanikwa uye Kufamba

Kana kukumbira kwapera, nyaya yacho inopinda panhambo isati yatongwa. Iyi inowanzova nhano refu zvikurusa neinodhura zvikurusa, asi ndipowo rutivi rumwe norumwe runodzidza simba noutera hwechinoitika chomushori.

Kuwana

Miitiro yokutsinhana mashoko noufakazi. Rutivi rumwe norumwe rune maruramiro okuwana zvinhu zvinowirirana, zvisingashaiwi kune rumwe rutivi. Maturusi okuwana anozivikanwa navose anobatanidza:

  • [[[FRATO: 0] Mibvunzo yakanyorwa inofanira kupindurwa pasi pemhiko.
  • Kukumbira nokuda kwokubudiswa: Kudikanwa kwezvinyorwa, maemail, mapikicha, kana kuti humwe ufakazi chaihwoihwo.
  • [[[FOL:0] wirirano: In-person, chipupuriro chakapika chinopiwa pamberi pokutongwa, chinowanzoshandiswa kuchengeta chipupuriro kana kuti kuunganidza maidi.
  • Kukumbira nokuda kwokubvuma: Tsime idzo rumwe rutivi runofanira kubvuma kana kuti kuramba, kupfupikisa nhau.

Kuwana kunogonawo kubatanidza zvikumbiro zvenzvero dzezvokurapa (muzvinoitika zvokukuvara kwomunhu oga) kana kuti kunzverwa kwezvinhu. Kukundikana kuwirirana nezviwanwa kunogona kuguma nezvibvumikiso, kubatanidza kurambwa kwezvirevo kana kuti dziviriro.

Kufamba Kusati Kwaitika

Pamberi pokutongwa, mumwe nomumwe anogona kunyora zvinhu kuti apedze nhau dzepamutemo kana kuti kuganhurira zvinogona kupiwa pakutongwa. Kutonga kunowanzoitwa kunosanganisira:

  • [[FT:0] Kutonga kwokupfupikisa: Ague kuti hakuna maidi anokakavadzana uye kuti mutemo unofarira nenzira yakajeka rutivi rumwe. Kana zvikabvumirwa, nhau inoguma pasina muedzo.
  • Motion mu limine: inokumbira mutongi kubvisa ufakazi hwakati (mutoo., chipupuriro chinofungira mano akaipa kana kuti runyerekupe) muedzo usati wavamba.
  • [[FT:0] . . . . kumanikidza:[[FLT: 1] Anotsvaka dare murairo unomanikidzira rumwe rutivi kuita maererano nezvikumbiro zvokuwana.

Misangano Yokutarisira Mhaka Nekurukurirano Dzokugara

Vatongi vazhinji vanova nemusangano wavakuru vakuru pakuvamba mumuitiro wokugadza misi inosvika nokukurukura kugadzikiswa. Matare anowanzokurudzira kana kuti kukumbira kupesana nenhau (ADR) kuda kudzorwa kana kuti kudzorwa pamberi pokutongwa. Mediation inobatanidza boka rechitatu rinobetsera mapato kukurukura mugari wemo; kudzorwa kunobatanidza munhu anonzwa ufakazi uye anopa chinyorwa kana kuti chisiri chibvumirano. ADR inogona kuponesa nguva nemari, uye zvinoitika zvakawanda pachikamu chino.

Chiratidzo 3: Kutongwa

Kana nhamburiko dzokugadzikisa dzikakundikana uye kudzorwa kwedare kusati kwagumisa nhau yacho, nhau yacho inoguma nokutongwa. Miedzo inogona kupiwa pamberi pomutongi ( kutonga kwebhendi ) kana kuti vatongi. Mapati ane maruramiro ebumbiro remitemo kukutonga mumhaka dzoutsotsi zhinjisa uye mumhaka dzavagari vemo dzinobatanidza chitsama chakati chemari (kazhinji $20 000 kana kupfuura, kutsamira pahurumende).

Kusarudzwa Kwajury

Ufakazi husati hwavamba, vatongi vanogona kusarudzwa kupfurikidza nomuitiro unonzi wakaipa. Mutongi namagweta vanopanikira vatongi vanobvira kuti vawane tsvuro kana kuti kusakwanisa kuva asingasaruri. Rutivi rumwe norumwe runogona kurova chiverengero chakaganhurirwa chavatongi nokuda kwe “mhinduro” (mr., revo dzinobvumwa) kana kuti pasina kupa chikonzero ([[FLT: 2]] denho ).

Kutaura Kwokuzarura

Rudzi rumwe norumwe runotaura mashoko mapfupi okuzarura anoratidza zvicharatidzwa nouchapupu.Izvi hazvisi nharo, (8) ipuratifomu redare rinobetsera vatongi.

Kuratidzwa Ufakazi

Mubato unouya nenhau ( inopa uchapupu hwetsika, state/kutambudza muutsotsi) unopa mhaka yake nechapupu kutanga. Vanodana zvapupu, kusuma magwaro, uye ufakazi hunopa. Pashure pouchapupu humwe nohumwe, boka rinorwisana rine maruramiro ku [[[[FLT: 4.] comporate-matramine[.

Kuedza Kururamisirwa Kana Kuti Kutongwa Kwokurevererwa

Pashure penhau yomutengi, uye pashure poufakazi hwose, dziviriro ingaenda nokuda kworutongeso rwakananga (chivhiri) kana kuti kutongwa kwekusarura [ (rimariro), ichitaura kuti ufakazi hahuna kukwana zvokuti hakuna dare rinonzwisisa ringawana nokuda kwerumwe rutivi. Uku kutora zvinhu hakuwanzobvumirwa kana mutongi akagovera ufakazi hupi nohupi hunofadza.

Kutaura Kunopfiga

Gweta rimwe nerimwe rinopfupikisa ufakazi ndokutaura chikonzero nei vatongi vachifanira kusarudza vachitsigira.

Mirayiridzo Nekushandisa Bvumbiro

Mutongi anoraidza vatongi pamusoro pomutemo unoshanda kunhau yacho. Vatongi ipapo vanorega basa kuti vave vakavanzika. Vanofanira kusvika chisarudzo chimwe chete mumhaka dzoutsotsi (dzomuruwa rwakawanda) uye mumhaka zhinji dzevagari vemo (dzimwe nyika dzinobvumira mhedziso shoma mumhaka dzevagari vemo). Kana dzisingagoni kubvumirana, mutongi angazivisa mistruction, uye nhau yacho ingava inodzoserwa.

Kutonga uye Kutonga

Vatongi vanodzorera chisarudzo. Mumhaka yevagari vemo, mutongo unotaura kuti mubato upi unokunda uye, kana mupurisa akakunda, chitsama chekuvadziko. Mumhaka yetsotsi, chisarudzo ndechokuti “mutongo” kana kuti“ haana mhaka.” Mutongi ipapo anopinda [ mutongo pachisarudzo. Mukutonga kwebhenji, mutongi anonyora chisarudzo chakanyorwa nezvinowanikwa nechisarudzo nemhedziso zvomutemo.

Chinoratidzwa 4: Kufamba Kwomunguva yePurem - Try Apr - Torder

Pashure porutongeso uye pamberi pekukumbira, varasikirwi vanogona kunyora misikanzwa yepashure pomutongo. Izvozvi zvinobatanidza:

  • [[[FT:0] Dare idzva: Kutonga uko zvikanganiso zvapamutemo kana kuti kusazvibata kwakadzivisa kutongwa kwakarurama.
  • Kusarudza pasinei zvapo nomutongo (JNOV): kukumbira mutongi kukurira chisarudzo chedare rinobetsera vatongi sechisina mufungo.
  • [ Motion kuchinja kana kuti kupedza rutongeso: Zvikumbiro zvinochinja kuuwandu hwechisarudzo kana kuti mamwe mashoko.

Kana uku kutora zvinhu kwangopedzwa (kana kuti kupfuudzwa kwenguva), rutongeso runova rwokupedzisira. Munyaya dzoutsotsi, kutendera kungatevera chisarudzo. Kutonga kurangarira zvinhu zvakadai soukombi hwemhosva, chinyorwa choutsotsi chomupomerwi, uye tsinhiro dzemhosho. Kubhadharwa kunogona kubatanidza faindi, kudzorwa, basa renzanga, kana kuti kuiswa mutorongo.

Chiteshi 5: Kukwirira

Hachisi chinhu chiri chose chinogona kukwidzwa. Zvikumbiro zvinoganhurirwa kuzvikanganiso zvapamutemo izvo sezvingabvira zvakatapura muuyo. Chiwiti chinofadza i appant; mukwikwidzani i appelle.

Muitiro Wokuda Kuwana Chimuko

Dare rokutonga rinogadzirira [[FLT:] rugwaro rwechikumbiro [[FLT:] mukati menhambo pfupi (kazhinji 30 mazuva kubva kurutongeso rwokupedzisira). Dare rokutonga rinogadzirira pakukwirira [] .______rekodhiyo, zviratidziro, uye zvikumbiro. Mapati ose ari maviri anozviisa pasi [ mabhirief anoramba chikonzero nei chisarudzo chedare richifanira kuchinjwa, kusimbiswa, kana kuti kuchinjwa.

Mumatare mazhinjisa apakati, nhau inonzwika neboka ravatongi vatatu. Rutivi rumwe norumwe runowana nguva yakaganhurirwa (kazhinji [15-30 k]) nokuda kwe [[FLT: 0]] gakava. Vatongi vanobvunza mibvunzo uye ipapo namaune. dare reAppellate rinogona:

  • Chisarudzo chedare rakaderera.
  • [[FT:0] Tsvaka chisarudzo ndokuita rutongeso nokuda kwechisarudzo.
  • [[[FT:0] Remand nhau yacho kudzokera kudare rokutonga nokuda kwokutongwa kutsva kana kuti kumwe kutongwa.
  • [ deredza rutongeso (semuenzaniso, kuderedza mubayiro).

Zvisinei, matare makuru aya anobvuma chikamu chiduku bedzi chenyaya, kazhinji kacho dzinosanganisira mibvunzo inokosha yepamutemo kana kuti zvisarudzo zvinorwisana zvinobva kumatare epamusoro.

Nokuda kwetsananguro ine udzame yemashandire anoita matare ehurumende, ona National Center for State Courts yefundo yomuitiro weappelta.

Mazano Anoshanda Kuvagari Vacho Vari Kuitwa Nedare

Kuchengeta Mutezo Wemitemo Paunenge Uchigona

Nepo dzimwe nhau duku kana kuti dzakapfava dzomumugwagwa dzinogona kubatwa pro se (pachako), nhau zhinji dzinobetserwa negweta rinoziva mitemo yomunzvimbomo, vatongi, uye miitiro. Kana usingagoni kuva negweta, tsvaka [[FLT:] yamuro yemagarire [ mibato yemitemo, makiriniki echikoro, kana kuti mudziviriri wehurumende

Rambai Muchinyora Zvakakwana

Ita chinhu chiri chose: misi, nguva, kurukurirano, marizi, uye nyorerana. Chengeta makopi ezvinyorwa zvose zvedare nemirairo. Faira yasanorongwa inobetsera gweta rako uye inokuvimbisa kusapotsa miganhu.

Ruremekedzo Mudare Rakafa

Kurasa nguva kunogona kureva kurasikirwa namaruramiro okupindura kana kuti kunyange kuita kuti mhaka yako ibviswe.

Nzwisisa Zvinodiwa

Kupa mhosva kunogona kudhura. Kuwedzera kumibhadharo yegweta, ungabhadhara mari yokubhadharisa mari, mari yokuchengeta mari, mari yokupupurira yenyanzvi, uye mari inobhadharwa nedare rinobetsera vatongi. Nyika dzakawanda dzinobvumira vabhadhari pamapati anobhadharwa mari shoma. Bvunza mabharani edare pamusoro pezvirongwa zviripo.

Ramba Wakadzikama uye Wakadzidza Mudare

Mutongi anofanira kupfeka zvakanaka achiti “Kuremekedza kwako,” usavhiringidza vamwe, uye tevedzera tsika dzedare. Kupopota kana kuti utsinye zvinogona kukukuvadza.

Rangarira Kugara Namatambudziko Panhambo Iri Yose

Kunyange kana une chivimbo mumhaka yako, kugadzirisa kunogona kuchengetedza nguva, mari, uye dzvinyiriro yemirangariro. Mirairo inowanzoguma nemhinduro dzokugadzira idzo dare risingagoni kurayira. Taura negweta rako pamusoro pokugadzikiswa kwenzvimbo dzinopa miuyo nengozi dzekutongwa.

Kurangarirwa Chaiko: Mhaka dzeHurumende

Nepo nhanowo zvadzo dzakafanana, mhaka dzoutsotsi nedzevagari vemo dzine misiano inokosha.

Mhaka Dzeutsotsi

  • [[FORN:0] Chibvumikiso: “Kuwedzera kupanikira kune mufungo” (kumusoro zvikuru).
  • kumuedzo wokukurumidza: yakapikirwa neBumbiro reMitemo; Hurumende dzakananga dzinogadza ganhuriro dzenguva.
  • [[FT:0] Kuramba wakanyarara: Haungamanikidzwi kuzvipupurira umene.
  • [[FOL:0] Kurudyi kugweta: Kana usingagoni kuripa, dare richagadza murwiri wavose nokuda kwemhaka dzinotakura nguva yomujeri.
  • [ Miuyo isinganzwisisiki: Kudzima, kusunungura, kupwiswa, kukumbira. Kudzorwa kunobatanidza faindi, kuchengetwa, kana kuti kusungwa.

Mhaka Dzavagari Vemo

  • Bhibheri yechibvumikiso: “Kurangarira ufakazi” (zvingabvira zvikuru kupfuura) muzvinoitika zvizhinjisa;“ jeka uye rinopwisa” mudzimwe (imo, kunyengera, kubviswa kwamaruramiro avabereki).
  • Partition:[ Vanhu vamwe navamwe, mabhizimisi, kana kuti masangano ehurumende anopopokana.
  • Mirango:[ Mirayiro (mirairo yokuita kana kuti yokurega kuita chimwe chinhu), rutongeso rwokubvisa (kodzero), kana kuti mubato wakati (kumanikidza pati kuita chibvumirano).
  • Hapana kodzero kugweta: magate echivori chenyika anofanira kupinza gweta rayo imene kana kuti kuoneka pro se.

mhedziso

Gadziriro yedare rehurumende, nepo yakaoma, inotevera nhevedzano ine mufungo yakagadzirirwa kuva nechokwadi nemuitiro wakafanira. Kuvambira pakuteterera kwokutanga kusvikira kukukwirira kungabvira, chikuva chimwe chinobatira donzo: kuziva nhau, kuunganidza ufakazi, kuedza rondedzero dzapamutemo, uye pakupedzisira kupedza nharo. kupfurikidza nokunzwisisa iyi mepu yemugwagwa, vagari vemo vanogona kudzora zvakanaka tsika, kukurukura nenzira inobudirira namagweta avo, uye kuita zvisarudzo zvine mufungo pamusoro penguva yokurwa uye nguva yokugara. Ungave uri mupomendi, mupupuri, kana kuti mutongi, anoziva chokukarira kusava nechokwadi uye kukupa simba rokutora rutivi nenzira ine revo.

Nokuda kwezviwanikwa zvokuwedzera pamaitiro edare muhurumende yako, vamba newebsite yako yedare rehurumende yehurumende , iyo inogovera zvirongwa, mitemo, uye nzvimbo dzinobatsira. American Bar Association’s “Maitirwe Ebasa" nhevedzano inopawo tsananguro dzakadzika dzezvose zviri zviviri hurumende nehurumende.