Simba reveto chishandiso chinokosha chinoitwa nebazu guru (* kana purezidhendi, gavhuna, kana kuti mukuru wenyika) chinovabvumira kuramba mutemo unopfuudzirwa nedare. Chinopfuura “aiwa,” iri chiremera rinoumba dzikamo yesimba mugadziriro dzehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu, kumanikidza kubvumira kubvumirana pane zvisina kufanira, kudzivirira mitemo yokukurumidzira kana kuti inokuvadza, uye kuva nechokwadi chokuti chiono chomukuru mukuru nokuda kwokutonga chinoremekedzwa. Kunzwisisa simba rinoda kunzvera nheyo dzaro dzapamutemo, shanduka - shanduka kwenhau, vagadziri vemichina yemitemo yehurumende yehurumende yehurumende, uye magakava anobatanidzwa nokushanda kwayo.

Chii Chiri Simba reVeto?

Pamavambo paro, simba riri maruramiro ebumbiro remitemo omukuru mukuru okuramba kubvumirwa kwmutemo unopfuudzwa nebazu rewigiogratimendi, nokudaro kuchidzivisa kuva mutemo kutoti kana mutezo wehurumende uchiita mavhoti okukurira vhiyi. Shoko rinobva muchiLatin [[FLT: 0]] to, rinoreva kuti “Ndisingatenderi,” uye rave riri rutivi rwokutonga kwemiremire. Muhurumende dzazvino uno, vaveto isimba remichina yechekero nerevo, yakagadzirirwa kudzivisa chibvumirano chemitemo uye kudzora nokupa mukuru mukuru wehurumende basa rakananga mukuita mutemo.

Veto simba harina kuganhurirwa. Mabumbiro emitemo mazhinjisa anobvumira mutezo wemitemo kukunda chiwiso chikuru chaimo. Nhaka mbiri netutatu twenzvimbo imwe neimwe(*thus inosimbisa kuti mukuru mukuru haagoni kuva nemitemo yakafara, bipartisan tsigiro. Mitemo yakananga inodzora simba reveto inosiana nenyika uye, mukati memitemo, nehurumende. MuUnited States, chiremera chapurezidhendi hachina kudzika miganhu inorongwa inoiswa mu [[FLT: 0]] Article I, Chikamu 7 cheBumbiro reMitemo remitemo, iro rinorondedzerawo muitiro wekudzora uye “pet , nerocket .

Marudzi Emavhatoe

Kunzwisisa iyi misiyano kunokosha nokuda kwokunzvera kuti mavhairasi anotapura sei mutemo.

Veto yenguva dzose

Chimiro chinozivikanwa zvikurusa, dare renguva dzose, chinoitika apo mukuru mukuru anodzorera nenzira yapamutemo mutemi wedare netsinhiro yokuramba. Mutongo haugoni kuva mutemo kutoti kana mutengi womutemo avhota kupfurikidza netendero inodikanwa. MuU.S., purezidhendi ane chaizvoizvo mazuva gumi (anopfuura maSvondo) kusaina kana kuti kupfuudza gwaro; kana iye asina kuita chiito uye Congress ichiri murusando, mutemo unova pasina kuisa chiratidzo chake chinozivikanwa se “pureti" munzvero.

Pocket Veto

Chiteshi chehomwe chinoitwa apo mukuru mukuru asingasaitiki munhambo yakatarwa uye rusando rwemitemo rwaguma. Nemhaka yokuti pamutemo haudzorerwi nenzira yepamutemo kuimba yomutemo, hapana kudzorwa kunobvira; mutezo unongopera hawo. Ikoku kunopa mukuru mukuru chishandiso chine simba chokuuraya mutemo mukati mamazuva okupedzisira erusando rwomutemo, zvinobudirira kufuratira mitoo yehurumende. Pocketvetoes akashandiswa neU.S.

Veto yakaiswa mulayini

Mutsetse wezvinhu zvinobvumira mukuru mukuru kuramba gadziriro chaidzo. Nhaka inopedza zvinhu (mupepa) achitendera zvasara. Rudzi urwu rweveto runoshandiswa muhurumende dzakawanda dzeU.S. uye mune dzimwe nyika dzinoverengeka (g. Brazil, dzimwe nyika dzeEurope) kudzora kupedza nokubvisa zviteshi zvemari. Zvisinei, Dare repamusoro reU.S. rakatonga mu Clinton v. Guta reNew York[5][9][1998] kuti muganhu wemutsetse weplace-toto seratiod projectal mendium ya19969 Claus yeMitemo yeMitemo, nemhaka yokuti yakabvumira purezidhendi weU.

Kunzwa

Vamwe vakuru vane simba rokudzorera mari inokarakadzwa, panzvimbo pokuramba chose chose. Ipapo mugadzi wemitemo angagamuchira, kuramba, kana kuti gadziridzo idzodzo. Ichi chimiro chinonziwo “chirongwa chemari ” kana kuti“ chinhu vheto nerumbidzo” chinoshandiswa munyika dzinoverengeka, kubatanidza Italy nePoland, uye munyika dzakawanda dzeU.S. (g., New York, Illinois). Chinokurudzira kupfurikidza nokubvumira mutemo wechimiro chehurumende kupfurikidza nokuidzikamisa zvizere.

Nhevedzo Yakanangana Nejeri

Mumiitiro yeparamende yakati, mukuru wehurumende (akadai samambo kana kuti purezidhendi) angava neveto yetsika isingawanzoshandiswa. Somuenzaniso, mambo weBritain anochengeta simba rokudzivisa kubvumira mambo kupfuudzwa neparamende, asi hakuna mambo akaita kudaro kubvira muna 1708. Mumiitiro yehurumende isati yambova yavapo, purezidhendi anogona kunongedzera mutemo kudare rebumbiro remitemo nokuda kwokuhwirudzura pamberi pekupfuudzira kwemitemo (jeri rechikamu chenyika) rakananga kutsananguro yedare rinotsamira pakududzira dare panzvimbo pechiito chemitemo.

Kugadzirwa Kwevhato Mutsara

Nzira inobva pakuendesa kwegweta mudare ichienda kuveto inobvira inobatanidza matanho anoverengeka akasiyana, rimwe nerimwe rine mitemo yakananga uye kurangarira kwakafanira.

Kupfuura Kwomutemo Nokupiwa Kune Chiremera

Kana dzimba dzose dziri mbiri dzedare rehurumende yeBharameral dzangobvumira zvimiro zvakafanana zvebhiri racho, rino “petwa” ndokupiwa kumukuru mukuru. MuU.S., mutengi unotumirwa kuWhite House, uko muitiro wokuhwirudzura unotanga. Vashandi vapurezidhendi (8) Office of Management and Dbagement, adviser, uye nyanzvi dzesangano rezvomutemo (* mukuwirirana nemitemo, pamutemo, pamutemo, uye mubatanidzwa wemari.)

Kuhwirudzura Kwakananga Nechisarudzo

Mukuru mukuru ane hwindo rakaganhurirwa rokuita chiito. Mugadziriro yomubatanidzwa weU.S., purezidhendi ane mazuva gumi (anopfuura maSvondo) okusaina mutengi, kuurega uchiva mutemo pasina kusaina kana Congress ikaramba iri murusando. Kana purezidhendi akabudisa mutengi, vanofanira kubudisa “shoko rinotsanangura zvikonzero zvokuramba. Iri shoko rinodzorerwa mukamuri umo mutenzi unovambira uye rinopindwa muchinyorwa chemitemo.

◯ Kudyisa kuedza

Pakugamuchira shoko reveto, mutungamiriri wehurumende angaedza kukurira vheto. Ikoku kunoda vhoti mbiri-chitatu mumakamuri ose ari maviri. Kana matatu maviri evhoti imwe neimwe yekamuri rokuvhotera kuti apfuure rugwaro rwokuramba kwapurezidhendi, anova mutemo pasina sigini yomukuru mukuru. Kana kudzora kwacho kukundikana muimba imwe, mutemo unofa. Kubvira pakuvambwa kweU.S., pasi pe 10% yapurezidhendi wevetoes vave vasingadzorwi, kuratidzira chinetso chokubatanidza kuwanda kwakadaro.

Nguva Yakaoma Nezvikamu Chaizvo

Mitemo yakawanda inoisa miganhu yenguva yakatsiga pazvose zviri zviviri nguva yehwirudzuro yemukuru mukuru uye mano edare remitemo okuita chimwe chinhu. Mune dzimwe nyika, musangano remitemo ringazvidana kuti riite musangano chaiwo kuti rinyatsofunga nezvechinenge chato. Kana gavhuna akasaidzira mutemo pashure pokunge purogiramu yenguva dzose yapera, vhoti yokuvhota ingaitika mukati mepurogiramu inotevera, asi dzimwe hurumende dzinoda vhoti yapakarepo.

Kushanduka - shanduka Kwesimba Reveto

Murangariro wechiremera usati watanga kare kare nguva yazvino uno yebumbiro remitemo. Mavambo awo anogona kurondwa kusvikira kuRoma yakare, umo bhituminiti dzeplebs dzakava nesimba rokuita mabasa eDare rimwe nerimwe navamwe vatongi kuti vadzivirire fariro dzavanhuwose. Gare gare gare, madzimambo eBritain akaita chiwitiso chakakwana: Huru yaigona kuramba kubvumira mambo kupfuudzwa noParamende. Zvisinei, pakasvika zana ramakore rechi 18, iri simba rakanga rawira mukusashanda; simba rokupedzisira ramambo muBritain rakashandiswa naMambokadzi Anne muna 1708.8

Apo Bumbiro reMitemo reU.S. rakanyorwa muna 1787, vagadziri vakamutsa nharo pamusoro pesimba guru rakafanira. Zvikarakadzo zvapakuvamba zvaibatanidza vhato yakakwana, yakafanana neiyo yamambo weBritain, asi vamiriri vakadai saJames Madison vakataura nokuda kweveto yaikwaniriswa ingagona kukanganiswa nemukurumbira mukuru. Kubvumirana pane zvisina kufanira(a ^a triasssss padroadh", kwakabatanidzwa muChikamu I, Chikamu 7. Iyi chirongwa chakaumbwa chive chakareve chakareverwa kugadziridzwa (h.5) kazhinji kacho nezvinogadziridzwa zveDhiocracys munyika yose.

Simba reVeto muUnited States

Vatungamiriri veU.S. vakashandisa vheto mumaredhiyo akasiyana - siyana. George Washington akaisa mabhiri maviri bedzi, nepo Franklin D. Roosevelt akabata chinyorwa ne635vetes (kubatanidza 263 bhegi). Munguva yazvino uno, vavhuro vava chishandiso chinova chiteshi chikuru. Vatungamiriri vanowanzoshandisa tyisidziro kuti vadzore mutemo usati wasvika padhesiki ravo, muitiro unozivikanwa se “chiratidzo chemashoko” kana kuti“ kutyisidzira.

Kusiyana - siyana Kwamarudzi Ose

Kumwe, masimba anosiana zvikuru. MuFrance, purezidhendi anogona kuraira kuraviwa kwechipiri kwomutemo upi noupi, achinonotsa nenzira inobudirira kugadzwa kwawo. MuGermany, purezidhendi wehurumende anogona kuramba kusaina chibvumirano kana chikaputsa bumbiro remitemo, asi mavhito akadaro haawanzoitwi uye kazhinji kazhinji anodzokororwa nedare. Munyika zhinji dzeLatin America, mukuru mukuru ane mutsetse wechinhu chakagadzirwa semutezo wokudzora nawo muitiro wemari.

Zvinoreva Simba Renyuto Mukudzora

Simba reVeto rinoita mabasa akawanda anopfuura kungoramba mutemo.

Makeja Nedzikamo

Donzo guru reveto nderokudzivisa mutezo wemitemo kuisa mitemo iyo mukuru mukuru anorangarira kuva isina murairo, isina kuchenjera, kana kuti inopesana nefariro yavanhu. iyi nzvero inovimbisa kuti hakuna bazu rimwe rehurumende rinogona kudzora muitiro wokuita mitemo. Inosundawo musangano wemitemo kurangarira murangariro womukuru ndokuvaka tsigiro yakafara nokuda kwezvikarakadzo zvaro.

Veto Sechishandiso Chokudziyisa

Vakuru vakuru vazvino uno kazhinji kazhinji vanoshandisa tyisidziro sechishandiso chinoshanda kubvisa bvumirano kubva kuimba yomutemo. Kupfurikidza nokuzivisa kuti vachaisa kugwejesa kutoti kana gadziriro dzakati dzikachinjwa, purezidhendi vanogona kuumba mutemo seri kwezviono. Iri simba risina kurongwa rinogona kuva rine simba zvikuru kupfuura rimene, nemhaka yokuti rinopesvedzera zviri muzvikwereti vasati vambosvika chibhariro chemukuru. Kutyisidzira kwakanaka kugona kumanikidza vagadziri vemitemo kuti vakurumidze kukurukurirana kana kuti varangarire ngozi yeridzo.

Kupomerwa Nokuzvidavirira

Somuenzaniso, purezidhendi angapawo bhiri racho mari inopfuura yevanoda mari, achiratidza kuronga mari.

Kupokanidza Nokutsoropodza

Pasinei zvapo noukoshi hwaro, simba harina kupokanidzwa.vatsoropodzi vanotaura kuti rinogona kushandiswa zvisina kufanira nokuda kwemhindu inodzorwa, kuti rinobetsera kuronga mitemo, uye kuti zvimiro zvakati zvechuta zvinopunza kuparadzaniswa kwenheyo dzamasimba.

Kushandiswa Zvisina Kufanira Kwesimba reVeto

Apo mukuru mukuru anoshandisa chubhu kuti avhare mutemo wakakurumbira nokuda kwezvikonzero zvezvamatongerwe enyika chete, kana kuti kumanikidza kubvumira kupesana nomutemo wacho(w) kunogona kuderedza kuzvidavirira kwehurumende yedemocracy. Mune zvimwe zviitiko zvenhau, vakuru vakuru vakashandisa zvikwereti zvehomwe kuuraya zvikwereti pasina tsananguro yakarongwa, kunzvenga muitiro wokuzvidzora chose chose. Vatsoropodziwo vanocherekedza kuti tyisidziro yeveto inogona kusundira dare remitemo kuderedza chinjo dziri madikanwa, kuchitungamirira kukuderera kwemitemo yakaderera.

Kuvharwa Kwemvura Nokuparadzwa

Mumhoteredzo dzakasiana zvikuru, vakuru vakuru vangabvisa inenge mari yose huru inobva kudare rinotonga rinodzora nebato rinopikisa. Uyu muitiro unogona kutungamirira kukuoma kwemitemo, umo mitemo mishomanene inokosha inogadzwa. neU.S. yakawana girafu dzakadaro mukati mezvishandiso zvaBill Clinton (pashure peminhevedzo ya 1994) uye Barack Obama (pashure pamanhambo apakati echi2000), apo vose vari vaviri vakatarisana netyisidziro dzakadzivisa nhano huru. Nepo veroto iri chishandiso chapamutemo, kushandisa kwayo kwakanyanyisa kunogona kushatisa chivimbo chavose musimba rehurumende rokushanda.

Nharo Yakarongedzwa Mutsetse

Mutsetse-mapepa unoramba uri mumwe wezvimiro zvesimba ravakuru vakuru rinomutsa nharo. Vatsigiri vanotaura kuti unobvumira vakuru vakuru kucheka tsvina ndokubvisa “mudhiramu wepepurk” unoshandisa pasina kuramba mabhiri ose. Vashori vanodzivisa kuti unopa mukuru simba rakawanda zvikuru pamusoro pebhajeti, kuvagonesa kuranga kana kuti kutusa vaiti vemitemo kupfurikidza nezvirongwa zvinokatyamadza. Clinton v. City of New York chisarudzo chakagumisa nenzira inobudirira mutsetse womubatanidzwa weitem - tangeto, asi kutaura kwakawanda kunopfuurira kuushandisa, kazhinji kazhinji neganhuriro dzokudzivisa kubata zvisina kufanira.

Kuhwirudzurwa Kwokutonga Kwezvipembenene

Mune dzimwe nharaunda, matare akakumbirwa kuhwirudzura kumira kwebumbiro remitemo rezviito. Somuenzaniso, matare ehurumende akatonga kana magavhuna akapfuura chiremera chawo kupfurikidza nokushandisa mativi echikamu kuti abvise mutauro mumabhiriti munzira idzo dzakachinja vavariro dzemitemo. Izvi zvisarudzo zvedare zvinonatsazve miganhu yesimba reveto, zvichiivimbisa kuti inoramba ichiwirirana nenheyo dzebumbiro remitemo.

Kuongorora Simba reVeto Kunoitwa

Kuongorora kwakaitika simba raishandiswa kunoratidza kuti pane zvarinonyatsoita pamutemo uye zvematongerwo enyika.

George W. Bush naFiscal Tride

Purezidhendi George W. Bush akashandisa translated panguva yake yokutanga asi akava anonyanyisa zvikuru pashure pokunge vaRepublican varasikirwa nokudzora kweCongress muna 2006. Iye akabvisa zvikwereti zvine chokuita nokunzvera masero, hondo yeIraq nemari yemabharani, uye kukura kweinishuwarenzi youtano yavana (SCIP). Shoko rake rakasimbisa mutoro wemari nokushora izvo akaona sezvisingabviri kukura. Kukura kweSCHIP kwairwisana zvikuru, sezvo kwakavharira nhamburiko yokufukidza vana vasingapindwi.

Barack Obama uye Muitiro Wokutarisira Usingadhuri

Purezidhendi Barack Obama akashandisa vhato kudzivirira chiratidzo cheChiteshi cheNhanho yeMari yeMagazini Affordble Care Act [ACA]) kubva munhamburiko dzakawanda dzinodzorwa neRepublican Congress. Akabudisa majee muna 2015 na2016 nokuda kwemitero yaizodai yakaputsa zvirongwa zveACA, kubatanidza migove yemari nemurairo womunhu mumwe nomumwe. Izvo zviwi zvakasimbisa basa remukuru mukuchengetedza purogiramu huru inorwisana nechishongo cheRepagement.

Donald Trump neNational Security Vetoes

Purezidhendi Donald Trump akabudisa magweta panhau dzinoverengeka, kubatanidza chengeteko yomuganhu wemuganhu, migariro yekurumidziro yenyika, uye kutengeswa kwezvombo.

Mienzaniso Yeikomuti reHurumende: “Fradenstein Veto” yaWisconsin

Pamwero wenyika, magavhuna pane dzimwe nguva anoshandisa mativi akafara zvikuru. MuWisconsin, gavhuna anogona kubvisa mabhii mamwe namamwe, madhigiti, uye mashoko akabva kumashoko kuti atange mitsetse mitsva chose chose(a muitiro unozivikanwa se “Fradenstein vhato.” Iri simba rakashandiswa naGavhuna Tommy Thompson kurongazve gadziriro dzemari munzira nenzira dzisina kutongodairwa. Nepo ichiita nharo, inoenzanisira kunyanyisa kwechiremera chevaratisitisiti uye yatungamirira kukumbira chinjo.

mhedziso

Simba reVito rinoramba riri chimwe chezvishandiso zvikurusa zvinovapo mudura rezvokugadzira zvinhu, richishanda sedziviriro yose iri miviri pakukunda kwemitemo uye munondo wekufambira mberi kwetsika. Kushanduka kwaro kwenhau(kubva kuRoma kuhurumende dzinodzorwa nehurumende dzamatongerwe enyika yazvino uno) inopfuudzira denho inogara yokudzikamisa simba pakati pamapazu ehurumende. Nepo makakatanwa pamusoro pokushandiswa kwesimba, kudzorwa kwemitsetse, uye simba remutsetse zvinopfuurira, basa rehwaro rechikamu chemitemo secherekedzoso sechereso kuutano hwegadziriro yehurumende yehurumende yegutsaruzhinji. Sezvino mamiriro ezvamatongerwe enyika anova anova anova anodzika miganhuro, kushandiswa kwakafanira kwesimba kuchapfuurira kuumba mutemo, kudzora, uye kurukurirano yavose. Kunzwisisa mawirirano, kuchinja, uye mashoko enhau ndezvakadhende yenhau kunokosha nokuda kwomunhu anotsvaka kunzwisisa ukama hwetsika hwehurumende.