Chivako chehurumende yeUnited States chinomirira budiriro huru muinjiniya yezvamatongerwe enyika. Yakaberekwa mukundikano dzeMitemo yeConfederation yeConfederation ye1787 uye yakaitwa muKushanda kweBumbiro reMitemo reNyika, gadziriro yamasimba akaparadzaniswa yakagadzirwa zvakajeka kudzivisa kumuka kwesimba. Framers, yakapesvedzerwa zvikuru nenyanzvi dzeNzvero dzakafanana naMontesquieu, inoparadzira chiremera mumapazu matatu akasiana-jikana, mukuru mukuru, uye anotonga. Bazu rimwe nerimwe rinoshanda kanopfuura kaviri muruvazhekesi nomwe. Kunzwisisa mabasa akananga uye simba romukati akadai samapazu aya hakukoshi nokuda kwavadzidzi vehurumende chete, asi nokuda kwomumwe mugari wehurumende, kuparira mutemo, uye kupesana kwemagakavanwa muzana ramakore 21.

Bazu Romutemo: Chikamu I uye Kutonga kweDare

Nemhaka yefungidziro huru dzavaFramers dzesimba guru, haisi tsaona kuti Chikamu I cheBumbiro reMitemo(chinogadza bazu rewiscratimendi(ndiro yapamberi pemitemo) nderokupedzisira uye rine udzame hukurusa. Bazu remitemo, kana kuti Congress, rakarongedzerwa kuva bazi guru nerinesimba gurusa rehurumende. Basa raro kuita mitemo, asi rinewo simba rechikwama, chiremera chokuzivisa hondo, uye mano okutarisira mamwe mapazu.

Kudavira Kuregeredza: Kubvumirana Pane Zvisina Kufanira Kukuru

Chivako cheCongress muuyo wakananga weKubvumirana Kukuru, uko kwakapedza gakava rakakasharara pakati pehurumende huru ne duku. Uku kubvumirana kwakaparira chigaro chemabhiya: kamuri rapamusoro (Dare) uko hurumende dzinomirirwa zvakaenzana, uye kamuri rakaderera (Imba yeVamiririri) umo mufananidzo wakavakirwa pachiverengero chavagari vemo. Ichi chirongwa chiviri chinovimbisa kuti mutemo unofanira kupukunyuka mhoteredzo mbiri dzezvamatongerwe enyika usati wava mutemo, uchiita secherekedzo yomukati pasimba remitemo. Rugwaro rwapamutemo rweMitemo, runondarira namasimba eDare reHurumende, runochengetwa na .

Imba Yevamiririri: Inzwi Ravanhu Rakakodzera

Imba inowanzonzi Imba yavanhu nemhaka yokusanangurwa kwayo zvakananga navanhu namashoko ayo mapfupi, makore maviri. Ichi chivako chinoita kuti vamiriri vabvume zvikuru mirangariro inochinja yavagari vavo.

  • [ Kuisa nokutsiva: Imba inoumbwa nemitezo inovhota 435, inogoverwa pakati penyika dzakavakirwa pakuverengwa kwavanhu kwegore negore. Hurumende imwe neimwe inovimbiswa kana kuti chigaro chimwe. Dare rokuvhotera re 1929 rinogadza nhamba pa 435.
  • Masimba makuru: Zvikwereti zvose zvokuridzira mari (mapepa omutero) zvinofanira kuvamba muImba. Imba inewo simba rimwe rokusateerera, ichishanda sedare guru rinobetsera kuunza pomero pavakuru vakuru vehurumende, kubatanidza Purezidhendi naMuvi.
  • .Leadership neGroume: Imba inoshanda pasi pegadziriro yakakomba zvikuru yetsika inotungamirirwa neSpeaker yeImba, uyo ari wechipiri mumutsetse wenhevedzano yapurezidhendi. Dare rine simba rinoraira mipimo yekurukurirano nokuda kwemirau mizhinjisa, kudzora kugadziriswa kwemiganhu yenguva.

Dare: Chikamu Chapamusoro Chine Ushingi

Mitemo yayo mirefu nemitemo yakasiyana yaitsigira mutoo wakayerwa zvikuru wokuita mitemo.

  • [[FOM:0] Kuisa mashoko neMazita: Nyika imwe neimwe ye50 inotumira maSator maviri kuWashington, kuchiguma nemitezo 100. Mashena anobatira mashoko anofamba makore matanhatu, ayo anovadzivirira kubva kumiitiro yezvamatongerwe enyika inokurumidza kutapura Imba.
  • . Dare rine simba guru pamapazu avakuru vakuru namatare. Inosimbisa kugadzwa kwapurezidhendi(kubatanidza mitezo yeCabinet, vatongi vehurumende, uye nhume) kupfurikidza nevhoti duku. Inobatanidza zvibvumirano kupfurikidza ne 360.
  • .Chisakiso chinorondedzera cheDare razvino uno imonicbuster, mutoo wemiitiro unobvumira Simba kunonotsa kana kuti kuvhara vhoti. Kugumisa muficibster, Dare rinofanira kudana kuvhura, kunoda kuvhota kukuru kwe60. Uyu mutemo wakaumba zvikuru nzvimbo yemitemo, unomanikidzira kubvumirana pane zvisina kufanira kana kuti kuvhara dare.

Muitiro Womutemo: Rwendo Rwebhiri

Muitiro wokuchinja pfungwa kuva mutemo unoda kudzorwa. Mutezo unotangwa nenhengo yeDare reCongress uye unonongedzerwa kudare(* matare ebasa egadziriro yewional). Mabhii anoshanda (akadai saJidhiary, Mari, kana kuti Mabasa) anova nokutongwa, kukurukurirana, uye zvimwe kuuraya mutongo wacho kana kuti kuuendesa kunzvimbo yakazara. Rwendo urwu rwakambopfuudzwa muimba neDare, kusawirirana kupi nokupi kunofanira kuyananiswa, kazhinji kazhinji kupfurikidza nedare redare redare. Mutezo wokupedzisira unotumirwa kuPuntridhente, uyo anogona kusaina mutemo kana kuti kuuita. Dare rinogona kuubvisa nechivhoti mbiri muzvikamu zviviri mumaparo. Rwendo urwu runoda kubvumiranwa kwakafara, kuoma kuita kuti mutemo mukuru mukuru mukuru wezvamatongerwe enyika.

Bazu Rakatungamirira: Chikamu II Nokumanikidzwa kwoMutemo

Chikamu II chinoisa "simba rokuuraya" muMutungamiriri weUnited States. Nepo rugwaro rweChikamu II rwakajeka zvikuru uye rusina udzame zvikuru kupfuura Chikamu I, bazu guru rakura nenzira inoshamisa mumazana amakore. Nhasi, rinoshandisa dare guru rehurumende rinoshandisa mamirioni avanhu uye rinoshandisa pesvedzero huru pamuitiro weimba nevokumwe nyika.

Purezidhendi: Mutungamiriri Wehurumende, Hurumende, uye Mutungamiriri Mukuru

Purezidhendi anopfeka ngowani dzakawanda, achishanda somusoro wehurumende wokufananidzira, achitungamirira hurumende, uye ari mukuru mukuru wemauto anotora zvinzvimbo muhondo.

  • Masimba anotsiva: Mutungamiriri wehurumende ndiye ane mutoro we "kuuraya kwokutendeka" kwemitemo. Ikoku kunobatanidza kupa mirairo yavakuru vakuru kutungamirira masangano ehurumende, kupa kanganwiro nokuda kwemhosva dzomubatanidzwa, uye kupfuudzira mutemo unopfuudzwa neCongress.
  • Mutevedzeri weMutemo neSimba reMituriri: Mutungamiriri anobatira soMutungamiriri Mukuru wamauto, anotaurirana zvibvumirano (zvinozviisa kuDare kutsvene), uye zvinogadza nhume. Chisarudzo cheHondo cha 1973 chakaedza kuganhurira mano aPurezidhendi kurwisa mauto asina bvumirano yehurumende, asi gakava pamusoro pedzikamo yamasimba ehondo rinoramba riri nhau yebumbiro remitemo.
  • Hofisi yeChirevo chaMapiona yePuerrent: Kutarisira ukuru hwehupi nohupi ukuru hwehupi navatungamiriri vazvino uno, Hofisi inotungamirirwa naPurezidhendi ye(EOP) yakaumbwa. Inobatanidza masangano anotsoropodza akadai seNational Security Council (NSC), Office of Management and DBrants (OMB), uye Council of Economic Adviers, kugovera Purezidenti netsigiro yavashandi vano unyanzvi.

Mutungamiriri Mukuru Mukuru Nebudiriro

Vice Purezidhendi ane mabasa maviri makuru ebumbiro remitemo: kutungamirira paDare (kuisa vhoti dzinoparadza) uye kutora sachigaro kana Purezidhendi akafa, achirega basa, kana kuti achibviswa panzvimbo. Amendment yechi 25, yasimbiswa muna 1967, yakajekesa mutoo wokutevedzana, ichijekesa kuti Mutungamiriri weHurumende anova sei Mutongi anobatira kana Purezidhendi akaremara uye kuti nzvimbo muMutongi inozadzwa sei.

Kabhineti uye Guru Rehurumende Rinodzora

Dare idare regamuchidzanwa (kwete rakarondedzerwa zvakajeka muBumbiro reMitemo) rinoumbwa naMutungamiriri weSanihesi navakuru vemadhipatimendi 15 makuru, zvakadai seMasareji eHurumende, Defense, uye Treasur. Idzi nzvimbo dzapachivako dzinogadzwa naPrezidhendi ndokusimbiswa neDare. Pasi peiyi mwero mukuru pane hurumende huru yehurumende, iyo inobatanidza masangano akazvimirira (se Federal Reserve) uye masangano anotonga (se SESESEC). Masangano aya ane mutoro nokuda kwezuva nezuva rokutungamirira mutemo, ari kubudisa miraudzo inotakura simba romutemo. Iyi hurumende yazova nzvimbo huru yenhau yezvamatongerwe enyika neyapamutemo, seinopikisa kumirira kupesana kwemibatanidzwa kwesimba remitemo.

Bazu Rokutonga: Chikamu III uye Kududzirwa kwoMutemo

Chikamu III chinosimbisa judiary yehurumende, neDare Rapamusorosoro pamugumo wayo. Vagadziri varo vakagadzira bazu rokutonga kuva rakaneta zvikurusa(iro rinodzora kwete bakatwa kana kuti chikwama) asi rinoshandisa simba guru kupfurikidza nehwirudzuro yedare. Kuvimbisa kuzvimirira, vatongi vehurumende vanobatira kugadzwa kwenduramo ye "kuratidzira Mufambiro wakanaka."

Dare Rapamusoro Zvikurusa: Dare Rokupedzisira

Basa rayo guru nderokupedza makakatanwa anomuka pasi pomutemo wehurumende uye kududzira Bumbiro Remitemo.

Matare Echibharo

Congress yakatanga matare epasi pevhu.

  • Dare rePricial: Iwaya matare okutonga egadziriro yehurumende. Kune matare eruwa 94 munyika yose, umo mhaka dzomubatanidzwa dzinotongwa, majaji anogara pasi, uye mitongo inoshandurwa.
  • Kokoroti dzeZvikumbiro: Kune Matare Ematunhu 13 eZvikumbiro. Aya matare haatongi asi anohwirudzura zvisarudzo zvemitemo zvematare oruwa pasi pawo. Boka ravatongi (kazhinji katatu) rinosarudza kana mutemo wakashandiswa zvakarurama. Ipapo Dare Rapamusoro rinohwirudzura zvisarudzo zveDare Rokukwirira.

Gadziriro Yokugadza Nefilosofi Yokutonga

Muitiro wokuisa zita mudare uye kusimbisa wava mumwe wemibato yezvamatongerwe enyika zvikuru muWashington. Purezidhendi anosarudza vamine, avo ipapo vanonzverwa neDare reDare reDare reVatongi ndokusimbiswa nevhoti yakazara. Nemhaka yokuti vatongi vanobatira nokuda kwoupenyu, kugadza kwavo kune miuyo inopfuura zvikuru purezidhendi mumwe.

Uzivi hwedare hunoita basa guru muidzi nharo. [FLT:] A [FLT] anotsvaka kududzira Bumbiro remitemo rakavakirwa parevo yaro yapakuvamba yavanhu vose panguva yoruzivo. anochinja kuti revo yeBumbiro remitemo ipedzise kuti igogadzisa kutarisana nedenho itsva dzechikaro. Uhu uzivi hunotonga pachinhu chiri chose kubva pakodzero dzayo dzepfuti kusvika kusimba guru. Zviwanikwa zvedzidzo zvakadai se [[FLT:] ANCENICE CD-M] Kirasition inopa rondedzero dzakaisvonaka mutsana idzi dzidziso dzinopesana.

Gadziriro Yemakeja Nedzikamo

Kuparadzaniswa kwamasimba ihafu bedzi yenhau. Nyanzvi yeBumbiro reMitemo reU.S. iri mugadziriro inobatana yechekeso nedzikamo, umo bazu rimwe nerimwe rine mutoo webumbiro remitemo kudzivisa kupindira kwamamwe. Seizvo James Madison akanyora mu Fédalist No.[5] , "Kuda kunofanira kuitwa kuti kukurira chinzvimbo kunofanira kuitwa."

Kunzvera Kwomutemo Padare Nemajeri

  • [ Kunyoresa nokubvisa: Imba inogona kupfuudza (bhora) Purezidhendi kana kuti mutongi wehurumende, uye Dare rinoita kuti kutonga kubviswe.
  • O kushata kweVito: Dare rinogona kuputsa purezidhendi nenzvimbo huru yetatu mbiri mumakamuri ose ari maviri.
  • [[FLT: 0] Kubvuma neRevo: Dare rinosimbisa kugadzwa kwevakuru vakuru nokutonga.
  • Simba rePurse:[[FLT: 1] Congress inodzora ndyiko dzose dzehurumende, ichiipa simba gurusa kupfuura zvinhu zvokutanga zvavakuru vakuru namabasa esangano.
  • [[FLT: 0] Kuvaka:[[FLT: 1] Dare rinosarudza ukuru hweDare Rapamusorosoro ndokuita kana kuti kubvisa matare ehurumende akaderera.

Mukuru Mukuru Anoongorora Mutemo uye Muzinda Wacho

  • Simba: Purezidhendi anogona kuramba mutemo unopfuudzwa neDare.
  • Simba rokugadza: Mutungamiriri wenyika anonatsa vatongi vose vomubatanidzwa, achiumba kuumbwa kwedare rejaji kwamakumi amakore.
  • [[FOL:0] Simba rePradente: Purezidhendi anogona kunzvera dare kupfurikidza nokukanganwira vanhu vane mhaka dzemhosva dzomubatanidzwa.
  • Mirairo Inoshanda: Mutungamiriri wehurumende anogona kutungamirira kushanda kwebazu rapamusoro, kududzira mitemo inopfuudzwa neCongress.

Kutonga Kunonzvera Mutemo Noukuru

  • [[FUT]JUDICIAL Review: Dare Gurusa rinogona kuzivisa mitemo inopfuudzwa neDare kana kuti zviito zvakatorwa naPurezidhendi pasina kuwirirana.
  • [[FT:0] Nguva yoUpenyu: Tsvakaro inobatira nokuda kwoupenyu, ichivadzivirira pakutsiva namamwe matavi nokuda kwezvisarudzo zvavo.

Mugumisiro: Nhevedzo Inotsungirira yeBumbiro reMitemo

Chimiro chemitemo mitatu yehurumende yeU.S. hachisi gadziriro inowirirana asi itsika inoshanda uye inokwikwidza nguva dzose. Kuvambira pakukura kwesimba rokutungamirira mukati memigariro yengozi yenyika kusvikira kuhondo dzinoparadzana pamusoro pekusimbisa kwedare uye kurwisana pamusoro pemirayiro, dzikamo yesimba iri kuramba ichichinja. Kunzwisisa mabasa akasiyana uye magadzirirwo emitemo, mukuru mukuru wehurumende, uye mapazu okutonga ndiwo mavambo evagari vemo vanozivikanwa. Nokuziva kuti masangano aya anoshanda sei uye kuti anonzvera sei mumwe nomumwe, vagari vemo vakashongedzerwa zviri nani kuti vabatane muitiro wezvamatongerwe enyika, kuyera zviito zvavamiririri vavo, uye kudzivirira nhevedzano yemitemo yakatungamirira rudzi kwemazana maviri amakore. Mashoko epamutemo pagadziriro yazvinovapo nazvinogadziriswa zvinogona kuwanwa pa [FLT:]