Gadziriro yokumwe yeAustralia kuSoutheast Asia yakawana chinjo huru muzana ramakore rapfuura, kubva pafariro iri kure yeboka ravarwi vehurumende inotongwa navarwi kusvikira kunzvimbo yapakati yegadziriro dzemibatanidzwa yeCanberra yezvoupfumi. Nharaunda yacho, musha kuvanhu vanopfuura mamirioni 650 uye dzimwe dzemari dzinokura nokukurumidza zvikuru munyika yose. Iye zvino iri madikanwa kuAustralia kukubudirira nokuchengeteka. Vadzidzi navanzveri vemibatanidzwa yemibatanidzwa yenyika yose, kutevera iyi mhindumupindu inozivisa sei simba rapakati rinoumba nharaunda yakaumbwa namakwikwi makuru, decolon, kubatana kwoupfumi, uye kugovera zvinetso. Nyaya ino inonzvera nhevedzano yenhau, matepindudziko, magariro makuru, uye mabasa amazuva anorondedzera kubatana kweAustralia neSoutheastrian Asia.

Ukama Hwapakuvamba Nepesvedzero Yavagari Vemo

Kufambidzana kweAustralia naSoutheast Asia kwakasvitswa nerens yoUmambo hweBritain. Muzana ramakore rechi 19 napakuvamba kwerechi20, maAustralia akachengeta kutengeserana neSingapore, Batavia (zvino Jakarta), uye Manila, zvikurukuru kupfurikidza nemibatanidzwa yeBritain yokufambisa nokutengesa. Kuwanikwa kwendarama muVictoria muma1850 kwakakweva vagari veChina uye gare gare vamwe vanobva kuSoutheast Asia, vachiumba nzanga duku asi dzine revo mumaguta echiteshi. Zvisinei, pfungwa huru yakanga iri imwe yefunganyo pamusoro pe "Asian kuchamhembe"", akapararira mukutya kuvhozvuzvukirira nokuchinja kwemitengwa kwakapararira kwakaguma muWhite Australia Polition pashure peFotition muna 1901.

Mukati menhambo iyi, Australia yakanga isina mumiriri anozvimirira wemibatanidzwa yehurumende muSoutheast Asia. zviremera zveBritain zvakadzora ukama hwenharaunda kubva kuWhitehall, uye vaiti vemiitiro yeAustralia vaisawanzodenha zvinhu zvokutanga. Kuvapo kweRoyal Navy muSingapore kwairangarirwa somutsetse wokutanga weAustralia wedziviriro. Uku kubatira nyika kwakareva kuti kubatanidzwa kweAustralia neSoutheast Asia kwakanga kuri kusingashandiswi uye kwakavanzwa zvikuru nefungidziro yedzinza uye gadziriro youmambo kupfuura nechiono cheruwa.

Kunyengedzwa Nokugadziriswa Kwenharaunda

Muuyo weHondo yeNyika II wakaratidzira kuderera. Kuwa kweSingapore muna 1942 kwakaputsa ngano yokusazvidzora kweBritain ndokumanikidza Australia kutarisana neidi rayo renyika. Sezvo Indonesia yakazivisa kuzvimirira muna 1945 uye mamwe marudzi eAsia yokuMaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva kwakatevera, Australia yakatarisana nenharaunda yakatarisana nokupinda. Kurwisa kweIndonesia nokuda kwokuzvimirira mukurwisana neDutch kwakamutsa muedzo wapakuvamba: Australia, kupfurikidza naMutungamiriri weBalthortaric Wenyika Dzamarudzi H.V. Evatt, akatsigira zvishuvo zveIndonesia zvenyika dzourudzi muUnited Nations, kuchiratidzira kudisa kukuru kukwira muEurope yehurumende.

Ma 1950 na 1960 akaona Australia ichirwisana necherokuparadza kwapachivande kwakasiiwa neBritain. Malayan Emergency (1948-1960) yakakwevera mauto eAustralia mumabasa okutsiva murutivi rwamauto eBritain neMalay, ichitanga muenzaniso webatira pamwe yehondo nenyika dzeSoutheast Asia. Munguva ino, kuumbwa kwaASCEAN muna 1967 pakutanga kwakagamuchira ngwariro yokungwarira kubva kuCanberra. Australia haina kukokwa kukumbanira, asi nheyo dzamavambo dzesangano dzokusawirirana nedzoro yeruwa dzinodzorwa nezvishuvo zveAustralia nezvishuvo zvenzanga zvakadzorongedzero dzeAustralia nokuda kwenzvimbo yakatera yakasununguka muudzori kunze kwenzvimbo yokunze.

Kuparadza kwakaunzawo denho yebhizimisi reIndonesia’s Bridensition (Konstrasi) mukurwisana neMalaysia (1963 2966). Australia yakaisa mauto kudzivirira Malaysia, ichiratidza kuti Canberra yaizoita chiito chehondo kuchengetedza dzikamo yenharaunda mukurwisana nedenho dzinorangarirwa. Iyi nhambo yakava mavambo omutemo wokumwe wakazvimirira zvikuru weAustralia, kunyange zvazvo mumwe wakanga uchingowirirana zvikuru nefariro dzezvokuMadokero.

Pashure peHondo Yenyika II Shift

Hondo yaMasimba masimba yakadzoserazve nzira yeAustralia kuMaodzanyemba eAsia. Nhlangano weANZUS (1951) neUnited States neNew Zealand yakagovera Australia vimbiso yechengeteko, asi yakapinzawo Canberra mumakwikwi okurangarira mukurwisana nekomunisiti. Southeast Asia yakava nzvimbo huru yehondo, Australia ichitarira nharaunda yacho nerens yerondedzero yedomino .

Vietnam Hondo yakanga iri ratidziro inoratidzira iyi pfungwa. Australia yakaraira mauto muna 1965, pakupedzisira akatuma vashandi vanopfuura 60 000. Chisarudzo chakasundwa nokubatana neUnited States uye pwindi yokuti kukura kwechikomonizimu yeAsia kwakatyisidzira Australia zvakananga. Hondo yakakamuranisa zvikuru nzanga yeAustralia uye yakanyandura kurangarirwazve kwemifungo yedzimwe nyika. Kuvamba kwama 1970, hurumende yeWhitam yakadzikira mauto eAustralia ndokutanga kuziva kuti People’s Republic of China, kuratidzira nzwisiso yakajeka zvikuru yemifungo yemiitiro yeruwa.

Rimwe chinja rapashure pehondo rakanga riri chinjo yeAustralia pahurumende inodzorwa nehurumende. Hurumende yeWhitlam (1972-1975) yakakurumidzisa kuzvimirira kwePapua New Guinea ndokugamuchira chimiro chakakomba zvikuru kuudzori hwePortugal muTimor-Leste. Iyi nhambo yakaonawo Australia ichiita kuti wirirano yetsika neChina muna 1972 uye ichiita nokushingaira zvikuru naACEAN, iyo panguva iyeyo yakanga yava kutanga seboka renhau renhau.

Kuderera Kwemari Nokuchinja Kwezvokutengeserana

Kuguma kweHondo Yemashoko kwakavhura mikana mitsva yokubatanidza zvoupfumi. Kukurumidza kweMaodzanyemba eAsia kupfuvura Singapore, ipapo muMalaysia, Thailand, Indonesia, uye gare gare Vietnam. Kwakaparira kukweviwa kune simba kwezvemari kuAustralia. Kukwira kweASENEA senzvimbo yebhizimisi yakasununguka uye kuvakwa kwezvemari kwakafara kweAsia-Packadro kwakagovera gadziriro dzebatano dzezvokutengeserana dzakadzika zvikuru.

Kubatanidzwa kwezvemari kweAustralia kwakawedzera muma1990 pasi pehurumende dzeHawke neKagat, idzo dzakatsigira Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation forum. APEC, yakatanga muna 1989 nemuuyo wakasimba weAustralia, yakava motokari yokuita kuti kutengeserana kuve kwakasununguka munharaunda yacho. Australia yakaona nguva yayo yemberi seyakabatanidzwa nokukura kweAsia, uye Southeast Asia iri ratidzirwo inosvikika zvikurusa yeiyi banza.

ASEAN-Australia Free Trade nharaunda yeAANZFTA, yakatanga kushanda muna 2010, ibwe rekona rezvivako zveAustralia nenharaunda yacho. Inobvisa kunyorwa kwe 96 muzana yezvinhu zveAustralia zvinotumirwa kuASTEAN upfumi uye yakasimudzira kutengeserana kudarika mabhiriyoni 10,000 eAU $. Australia yakarondawo biladal FTAS ine mitezo mimwe neASEAN(SSAPORE, Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia, uye Vietnam.--inowedzera bhizimisi rakawanda rezvokutengeserana.

Kushambadza kwemasangano kwakawedzera nokukurumidza zvikuru. Dzidzo yeAustralia inotumirwa kuSoutheast Asia inopfuura AU $10 mabhiriyoni gore negore, nevadzidzi vanopfuura 150 000 vanodzidza muAustralia muna 2023. Kushanyira shanyo, mabasa ezvemari, uye kubvunza kwounyanzvi zvakakurawo, zvichiita kuti nzvimbo yechipiri yezvokutengeserana yeSoutheast Australia ive nzvimbo hurusa yezvokutengeserana pashure peChina.

Kugadzira Chengeteko uye Kushandira Pamwe Kwedziviriro

Parutivi pekubatana kwezvemari, Australia yavakawo chivako chikuru chekotsekano nevezvokuMaodzanyemba kwakadziva kuMaodzanyemba kwakadziva kuMaodzanyemba kweAsia. Gadziriro dzeGuta Guru reGumbi reMadokero neMalaysia, Singapore, New Zealand, uye United Kingdom) dzinoramba dziri kushanda, kubatanidza kurovedza kwenguva dzose kwehondo neAnterted Arence Defence System. Australia inotorawo rutivi muATEANS Ministerier’s ActiveConcoption (ADM-Plus), chiwirimu chokuzvidzivirira chinobatanidza mitezo yose yeASIAAS ne8 yekurukurirano.

Kushandira pamwe kwemagandanga kwakakura pashure pokunge 2002 Bali yabhomba, yakauraya vanhu 202 kusanganisira vanhu vokuAustralia 88.Australia yakabatsira chaizvo kuti irwise ugandanga hweIndonesia uye yakatanga nzira dzokuchengetedza nadzo pfungwa dzomunharaunda. Jakarta Centre for Law Entorcement Cooperation, yakatanga muna 2004, yakadzidzisa zviuru zvevakuru vakuru vakuru veSoutheast Asia kurwisa ugandanga uye kuongorora utsotsi munyika yose.

Chengeteko yenguva inova chinhu chikuru, chakasundwa nerwisano dzeSouth China Gungwa nokukwikwidza kwamasimba makuru. Australia inoitisa vachengeti vakabatana nokuvaka nzvimbo neIndonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Vietnam, neBrunei. Pacific Maritime Security Program, kunyange zvazvo yakanangidzirwa paPacific Islands, ine nhano dzinowirirana muSoutheast Asia. Australia inotsigirawo ASEAN Outlook on Indo-Pacie, iyo inosimbisa mutsinhirano nokuwirirana nomutemo wamarudzi ose.

Tsika Dzinokosha Nezvitauro

Kuedza kunoverengeka kwepanguva iyoyo kunoratidza kuvimbisana kwakadzama kweAustralia:

  • Chikamu chekubetsera kunayazve: chakatangwa muna 2020 naASEAN, ichi chiito chakaparira AU $470 000 000 kutsigira kunaya kwepfuti, chengeteko youtano, uye kugadziridzwa kwezvemari muSoutheast Asia mose.
  • Southern Asia Economic Strategy to 2040: Yakabudiswa muna 2023, iyi nzira inozivisa nzvimbo dzokutanga dzemari(masangano emari, simba regirini, remanyuko, rezvokurima) nokuda kwezvokutengeserana nokuwedzera mutengo, nechipfuva chokuwedzera kaviri kwemibato yenzira panosvika 2040.
  • Aus4AS EPRICAIN SCHER: Purogiramu mamirioni 35 yokuwedzera dzidzo yebasa nefambiro mberi younyanzvi muASAN, kukurukura mikaha yebasa uye kusimudzira kufamba.
  • ASANIA-Australia Digital Trade Direfective Initive: Nhamburiko inobatira pamwe yokutsinhiranisa mitemo yemichina yokutengesa, kudzora mashoko, uye gadziriro dzeichorseji, zvichivavarira kuderedza miganhu yemafemu ezvoruzivo rwemichina yeAustralia munharaunda yacho.
  • Chirongwa chebatira pamwe yeSangano: Australia inogovera mamirioni AU $100 gore negore mudziviriro kushamwari dzokuMaodzanyemba eAsia, kubatanidza kuziva nzvimbo dzegungwa, rovedzo yokuchengeta rugare, uye tsigiro inodzivisa ugandanga.

Vanhu - vanhu Vanosonganirana uye Simba Risinganyanyi

Kupfuura ukama hwehurumende nehurumende, Australia yakapinza mari yakawanda muukama hwavanhu navanhu. Colombo Plan, yakatanga muna 1951, yakaunza zviuru zvavadzidzi veSoutheast Asia kuyunivhesiti dzeAustralia, ichitanga zvisungo zvisingaperi negadziriro dzemibatanidzwa yealmni. Mutsivi wayo wazvino uno, New Colombo Plan, yakatumira vapfumi vaAusria vanopfuura 80 000 kuti vadzidze uye kuzoita zvikepe kugura nharaunda yacho kubvira muna 2014, kubatanidza Indonesia, Thailand, Vietnam, Singapore, uye Malaysia.

Kutama kwakavakawo nzvimbo dzakadzika. Kusvikira muna 2023, vagari veAustralia vanopfuura mamiriyoni 1,2 vakazvarwa munyika dzeSoutheast Asia, uye nzanga dzeVietnam, Philippine, uye Indonesia dziri pakati pemapoka eAustralia anokura nokukurumidza zvikuru. Nzanga idzi dzinobatsira mune zvemari uye tsika, dzichibatira semabhuroko asina kurongwa pakati penzanga dzeAustralia neSoutheast Asia.

Kukurukurirana kwetsika, nepo kuchisimbiswa zvishoma, kwakakura kupfurikidza namasangano akadai seASEAN-Australia Centre, akatanga muna 2020, iyo inosimudzira unyanzvi, dzidzo, uye tsinhano yetsika. Australia-Indonesia Institute, yakatanga muna 1989, zvirongwa zvemari zvinobatira pamwe muzvinobudisa nhau, unyanzvi, uye nzanga. Maturusi amasimba masimba akapfava anobetsera kuvaka chivimbo nokunzwisisana izvo zvinoumba ukama hwetsika dzekurukurirano.

Matambudziko Nenhungamiro Dzomunguva Yemberi

Pasinei zvapo nokuwedzera kwebatano, Australia inotarisana nedenho huru mumuitiro wayo weSoutheast Asia. Gakava reSouth China Sea rinoramba riri manyuko enyanduko. Australia yakada nguva dzose chisarudzo chorugare mutsinhirano nomutemo wamarudzi, kubatanidza kutonga kwapa 2016 arbitral, asi inofanira kudzikamisa iyi nzvimbo muukama hwemari neChina .Nhevedzo yemubiyasi wezvokutengeserana mukurusa weSouthern Asia uye mutenzi murwisani. Kudzora iyi simba retsana kunoda kuwirirana kwokungwarira.

Njodzi yeMyanmar, pashure pokubvuta kwa 2021 kwehondo, yakaedza batira pamwe yaATEAN nemhinduro yeAustralia. Australia yakaisa zvirango zvanyajambwa pavatungamiriri vehondo veMyanmar uye yakagovera yamuro yomutsa, asi yakaganhurirwa kupesvedzera zvinoitika. Kutadza kwaATEAN kushandisa chiNgezi chayo cheshanu chePoint Consensus kwakakanganisira Canberra, uko kunorangarira kuva kukudzwa kwaASCEAN sezvinokosha kunhevedzano yenharaunda.

Kuchinja kwemamiriro okunze kunomutsa zvinetso zvinoda kuti vanhu vakwire pamwe chete. Southeast Asia iri mungozi huru yokukwira kwemakungwa, mamiriro okunze akanyanyisa, uye zvokudya zvisina kunaka. Australia yakavimbisa AU $1,2 bhiriyoni kuti iite basa remamiriro okunze muSoutheast Asia ichishandisa nzira yayo yeSayenzi reNyika Dzepasi Pose, kubatanidza kutsigira kuchinja kwemagetsi kunomutsidzirwa uye kurimwa kwemamiriro okunze. Zvisinei, mafuta anobudiswa muAustralia anokonzera kupesana nenyika dzeSoutheast Asia anotsvaka kuderedza upfumi hwadzokorodza upfumi hwavo.

Kuchengeteka kwemichina nekombiyuta kunomiririra muganhu uri kukura. Australia neASEAA dzakazvipira kukudza kubatira pamwe pakuvaka simba reikombiyuta, kubvisa mashoko, uye kudzivirira zvinhu zvinoda kugadziriswa. ASTEAN-Australia Cyber Cooperation Initive inotanga muna 2021, gadziriro dzokurovedza mari uye miitiro inotyisidzira. Sezvo kutengeserana kwemichina kuchakura, kuvimbisa nzvimbo yeIndaneti yakachengeteka uye inoshanda pamwe chete ichava chinhu chokutanga.

Makwikwi makuru esimba pakati peUnited States neChina anonetsa rutivi rwuri rwose rwomuitiro weruwa rweAustralia. Nyika dzeSoutheast Asia dzinowanzotsvaka kudzivisa kumanikidzirwa kusarudza mativi, nzvimbo inoremekedza Australia asi dzinorwisa kutsigira. Kugamuchira AUKUS kweAustralia nechimiro chayo chakasimudzirwa muU.S. kuchamhembe kweAustralia kwakamutsa funganyo mudzimwe dzimbahwe reAustralia reSoutheast ainyandura Bheijing. Canberra inofanira kuvimbisa kuti kubatana kwayo kunosimudzira dzikamo yeruwa panzvimbo pokukuideredza.

Kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweAsia Mumurangariro Wakarurama weAustralia

2023 Defence Strategic Review yakazivisa kuti Southeast Asia i "mhoteredzo inowirirana zvikurusa neyokukurumidza," ichiisa nharaunda yacho pachikuva chikuru chokuronga kudzivirira. Kuhwirudzura kwakasimbisa kudikanwa kwokunzverwa kwengarava, batira pamwe yezvokushandira pamwe, uye kurovedzwa pamwe chete neshamwari dzeSoutheast Asia. Uku kuzivisa kunoratidzira kombano yenhambo refu: Southeast Asia haisati ichiri itiro hanya yenhau yepasi asi nzvimbo yenharo yeAustralia.

Unotarira mberi, muitiro wokumwe weAustralia kuSoutheast Asia sezvingabvira uchanangidzira ngwariro pambiru nhatu: kukudza kudyidzana kwemari kupfurikidza nokuchinja kwemitemo negirini; kusimbisa batano dzechengeteko dzinoremekedza nzvimbo dzapakati; uye kuisa mari mudzimbahwe romunhu kupfurikidza nedzidzo neunyanzvi. ASTEAN-Australia Comprehensive Tragitive Statical Pricenishipshineship, yakatangwa muna 2021, inogovera gadziriro inonyanyovakwa nokuda kweidziridzo.

Australia inofanirawo kuchinjira kunharaunda yakakwikwidzwa zvikuru. Pesvedzero inokura yeChina muSoutheast Asia / kupfurikidza nokuiswa kwepfuma, kudzora kwokutengeserana, uye kudzorwa kwemibatanidzwa yezvokutengeserana (zvinomirira zvose zviri zviviri mikana nedenho. Australia haigoni kuwirirana nouremu hwemari yeChina asi inogona kupa zvimwe zvinotsiva zvakakwirira: mari inovakwa nepfuma, zvirongwa zvezvokutengeserana zvinosimudzirwa pahurumende zvinobatanidza uchangamire hweshamwari. Denho yavanogadzira mitemo yeAustralia ndeyokuramba ichitendwa uye iri yakafanira munharaunda umo pasina simba rimwe.

Nokuda kwavadzidzi veukama hwamarudzi ose, chinoitika cheAustralia chinopa zvidzidzo zvinokosha pamusoro pekukurukurirana kwesimba rapakati napakati. Australia yakabva pakutsamira pakubatanidzwa kwehurumende ndokutanga kubatanidzwa kwechibvumirano chenharaunda chakavakirwa mufariro dzakabatana nebetsero imwe. Rwendo rwacho haruna kukwana, uye nyanduko dzinopfuurira, asi nhungamiro yakajeka: Nguva yemberi yeAustralia yakabatana nokuterama kweSoutheast Asia, budiriro, uye kubatana.