Gadziriro yemari yehurumende muUnited States yachinja zvikuru chifo chokuvambwa kwenyika. Inoratidzira zvinhu zvokutanga zvinochinja zvehurumende nenheyo dzebumbiro remitemo zvinotungamirira kushanda kwayo. Kunzwisisa iyi mhindumupindu kunobetsera vadzidzi kunzwisisa kuti muitiro wetsika yemapuraneti unoumbwa sei uye unoitwa mutsika yeU.S.N. Nhasi, iyo inobatanidza zvose zviri zviviri Congress naPresidenti munhevedzano yakarongwa yezvinoitika, zvinova negadziriro dzakanyorwa anopfuura mazana maviri amakore akapfuura uye zvakaumbwa nomutemo unotevera, zvinetso zvemari, uye rwisano yezvamatongerwe enyika.

Masangano Ebumbiro Remitemo Regadziriro Yebhajeti

Bumbiro reMitemo reU.S. rinogovera gadziriro yomuitiro webhajeti rehurumende, zvikurukuru kupfurikidza nokugoverwa kwaro kwamasimba pakati peCongress naPurezidhendi. Chikamu I, Chikamu 7, chinopa Congress "simba rechikwama," kuchipa chiremera kuvamba mabhiri emari uye kubvumira kutsarukana. Munguva ino, Purezidhendi ane basa rokuita bhajeti, sezvakarongwa muChikamu II. Uku kwakanga kuri chisarudzo chamaune naFramers, uyo aitya kudzorwa kwomukuru mukuru wemari aigona kutungamirira kuudzvinyiriri. Kupfurikidza nokugara mutero nokushandisa simba muImba yavamiriri veSangano vavanhu.

Simba reCongress: Chikamu I neMavambo aClaus

Chikamu I, Chikamu 8 chinodudza masimba eCongress, kubatanidza simba rokuisa nokuunganidza mitero, mitero, mapost, uye vabudisi, kubhadhara zvikwereti ndokugovera nokuda kwedziviriro dzose negarikano. Chikamu 9 chinoganhurirwazve pakushandiswa: "Hapana mari ichatorwa kubva kuHofisi yeMari, asi muConverse of Approprition inoitwa noMutemo. Iyi ndima ibwe rekona rokudzora kubatanidzwa pane zvinobhadharwa. Origiation Claus (In, Chikamu 7) inoraira kuti zvikwereti zvose zvokukwidziridza mari zvinofanira kuvamba muImba yeVamiririri, kunyange zvazvo Dare ringakarakadza kana kuti kubvumirana nomutemo wehurumende. Iyi gadziriro yakagadzirirwa kusimbisa kuzvidavirira kwemitero yemitero.

Dare Rapamusorosa harina kuwanzova nenhambo yokududzira iyi mitsetse muudzame, asi tapuro yayo inoshanda yakajeka: Congress inobvumira mari yose inopedzwa nehurumende yehurumende, yakaganhurirwa zvikuru. Nokuda kweyakawanda zvikurusa yenhau yeAmerica, kupedza kwakatenderwa kupfurikidza namabhiri okubatanidza mamwe namamwe amadhipatimendi namadonzo. Muzana ramakore rechimakumi maviri bedzi ndimo umo Dare rakavamba kushandisa muitiro webhajeti wakabatana, wakajeka.

Basa raPurezidhendi: Chikamu II Nebhajeti Yakarongwa

Chikamu II cheBumbiro reMitemo chinogadza Purezidhendi basa ku "Tarisisai kuti Mitemo iitwe nokutendeka," inobatanidza kuita kutengwa kweChibvumirano chakabvumirwa. Purezidhendi anewo simba rokurumbidza zvirongwa zveCongress, kubatanidza zvikarakadzo zvemari yakarongwa. Zvisinei, Bumbiro reMitemo haridireri Purezidhendi kuti Purezidhendi ape mari imwe, yakaro rimwe. Chinodikanwa ichocho chakabuda kubva ku [[FL:] Britt neAccounting Act Act of Constendition of Confects [[FL:1], izvo zvakatanga mutoo yemari yemari yetsika yazvino unoumba mari yazvino uno. Pamberingana na1921, masangano mamwe namamwe aipo aidzorosaidzorosa kurongedzero yehurumende. Pamberi padare rePrejistatimendi aro yehurumende panze.

Gadziriro Huru Yebumbiro reMitemo Mukupfupikisa

  • [[FOLT:0] Simba reChibvumirano: Imba inovamba mabhiri emari yemari; Congress inotendera maapuresa ose (Mazita I, Chikamu 7-9).
  • Nhevedzo: Purezidhendi anopa rumbidzo dzebhajeti nezviratidzo kana kuti kudzosa mapepa okuranga (Mazita II, Chikamu 3).
  • Dzidziro yakabatana: Bhautari neAccouncing Act ya1921 yakavamba basa raPurezidhendi mukupa bhajeti yakabatana ndokusika OMB.

Kufambira Mberi Munhau: Kubva Pakuongorora Hod Kuenda Kubhajeti Yakarongwa

Mhindumupindu yegadziriro yemari yehurumende yehurumende inowirirana. Murejitoro yapakuvamba, hurumende yehurumende yakanga iri duku, uye nhevedzano yehurumende yakanga iri yakapfava, yakarongwa. Dare rakapfuudza zviito zvakati kuti zvitsigire mabasa akananga — kazhinji kazhinji kwegore rimwe panguva. Purezidhendi Thomas Jefferson akatsvaka nenzira yakakurumbira kuganhurira mari yehurumende kusvikira kuganhuriro isina kuganhurirwa, achipa nharo kuti hurumende yemari yakanga iri madikanwa kurusununguko. Iyi nzira yakapfuurira kusvikira kuzhinjisasa dzezana ramakore rechigumi namapfumbamwe, namabopoka apanhambo nenhambo nenguva mukati mehondo.

Republic yapakuvamba: Laissez-Faire ne "Tabernala Vimbiso"

Kubvira muna 1789 kusvikira kuHondo yevagari vemo, Congress yakashanda pasina gwaro remari rakarongwa. Munyori weVhizinesi aizogovera zvikarakadzo zvemari nendyiko, asi kwakanga kusina chinodikanwa chokuti Purezidhendi ape gadziriro huru. Panzvimbo pezvo, Congress akarangarira zvikwereti zvokuronga mari sezvinodikanwa. Kuedza kwokutanga kwakarongwa kwakasvika nemishumo yehurumende saMabharani weMari, asi kunyange panguva iyeyo, muitiro wacho wakasara wakaputsika. Pakasvika makore 1850, kuoma kukura kwemipiro yenyika, midyandiro, uye kuwedzera kwehondo . (kuwedzera kwemipando yemari)

Nguva Inofambira Mberi Nechiito Chebhajeti cha1921

Nguva yokuchinja yakauya mukutanga kwezana ramakore rechimakumi maviri. Mitoro yehurumende yaikura, kukwirira kwomutero wemari yaibhadharwa (pashure pokurongwa kweChikamu chimwe cheMitemo yeChitanhatu), uye ndyiko huru dzeHondo Yenyika I zvakasundira ganhuriro dzayo. Purezidhendi William Howard Taft, mutsigiri wezvokubudirira kwehurumende, akagadza Commission on Economy and Exable muna 1910, iyo yakarumbidza bhajeti yemari yehurumende. Zvisinei, Congress yakadzivisa kuisa maruramiro ayo. Yakatora mhirizhesano yemari yehondo yehondo (8) apo masangano aidzosa, zvikumbiro zvinodzorwa zvakadzorwa, zvikadzorwa.

Muna 1921, Mutungamiriri weHurumende Warren G. Harding akasaina Branjency and Accounting Act, iyo yakatanga Bureauer of the Bacten (BB) mukati meBato reTreasury (yakazosundwa kuHofisi yePresitive yoMutungamiriri wePresidente) uye General Accounting Office (GAO, zvino Office yeHurumende yeBhospital autho Accoun auncipment) sesangano ramagariro yakazvimirira. Kwenguva yokutanga, Purezidhendi ai aidikanwa kuisa mari imwe kuDare reHurumende. Chiito chakarambidzawo vakuru vakuru vesangano kubva pakukwidza zvakananga kuDare remari, pamutemo rehurumende yehurumende yePrejita yePrejita yePreta yePrent House. Iri rakaronga reProsando rePromendeywo Youve yazvino uno Musangano rePrejiritikidzo rePrenti Yavanhu uye ramagenya kwemakore makumi Amakumi Ashanu.

Muitiro Wemabhajeti Wazvino Uno: Congregational Baccorte Act ya 1974

Pakasvika kupera kwama1960, kusawirirana pakati pamapazu avakuru vakuru nemitemo pamusoro pokushandisa mari nokudzora mari kwakanga kwawedzera. Purezidhendi Richard Nixon kazhinji kazhinji akanyima kupedza $(majekiseni ayo Congress akanga aita kuti Congress ive yakakodzera, ichiita kuti Congress itangezve chiremera chayo chebumbiro remitemo. Mugumisiro wakanga uri Kuronga mari uye Imporament Control Act ya 1974, izvo zvakakanganisa chose chose chose chose muitiro webhajeti. Chiito chacho chakasimbisa Horo neDare Rokubhauriro reBanga reBhaundi yeBanga reBanga reBanga reBanga reBabylon (CO) kuti zvigove nokugovera kunzvera kusingachinjika. Yakawo mashandiro aPrezidenti yemari yemari yemari yemari yemari yezvibvumirano

Chisarudzo Chebhajeti Nokuyananiswa

Pakati pechiito cha 1974 inhau ye chisarudzo chejecha .

Chiito cha 1974 chakaparirawo gadziriro ye yekurukurirano. Iyi nzira yave ichishandiswa nokuda kwechinjo huru dzemiitiro, kubatanidza TEACT neSCM yeChitemo cha2017 neAfford Care Act. Zvisinei, kuyanana kunoganhurirwa kuzvinhu zvinotapura zvakananga kubhadharwa kana kuti mibhadharo, uye zvinonzi "Kutonga" zvakaganhurirwa.

Basa Rehofisi Yemabhajeti Yemisangano

CBO inogovera kunzvera kwazvimirira, kusina ganhuriro kwemari nenhau dzemari. Inofungidzira mitengo yemitemo, inogadzirira nhevedzano yemari yapanguva refu, uye inoyera bhajeti yaPurezidhendi. Mishumo yeCBO inotsoropodza mukurukurirano dzemari, sezvo inopa mirau yedonzo pamusoro pechinjo idzo dzinokarakadza chinjo dzemari dzinogona kuyerwa. Mutungamiriri weCBO akagadzwa naPresidente weImba uye Purezidhendi anonai anonatsa Dare reSangano, uye hofisi yaita mukurumbira nokuda kworuramiso nekusasarura. Somuenzaniso, CBO inopa mutengo wezvitsauko zvemari yezvoutano muna 2009 201010 akaita basa guru mukugadziridza Afford Carence Arence.

Kumanikidzirwa Kushandisa Michina: PYGO uye Kushandiswa

Chiito cha 1974 pakuvamba chakanga chisina maturusi okusimbisa, uye nhove dzakakura nokukurumidza muma 1980. Chibvumirano chakapindura nomutemo wokuwedzera: Banced Balting Bated Balte and Emergency Deficit Control Act ya 1985 (GRAM-RM-RFM) [[FFM-Homman)] na [[FFGOM-gom] , uye [[FFFF] , zvinorayira kuti kupedza kana kuti kucheka kwakaenzana, (BEA). BEA yakasumwasimudzirwa [[FLT:] PON] yaidzo yaidzorwawo mutengo wakawanda [[FFFFF] kana kuti migove yapazati yapaza.[3] Nyuso dzinoshandiswa muyangara: [Nnyu-gose]

Zvinetso Zvenguva Ino Nefunganyo Yebumbiro Remitemo

Pasinei zvapo namakumi amakore echinjo, gadziriro yemari inopfuurira kutarisana nedenho huru. Chikwereti chemari sechikamu cheGDP chakakwira zvikuru, zvikurukuru pashure penjodzi yemari nedenda reCHOVAD ne19. Kupararira kwezvamatongerwe enyika kunowanzotungamirira kumari dzinopfupika zvechigarire, kuvharwa kwehurumende, uye kurukurirano dzemawere. Kukakavadzana kwebumbiro remitemo pakati pesimba reChuarter rechikwama nechiremera chaPresident kunoramba kuri musoro mukuru.

Chiremera Chomutemo: Kudzora uye Unitary Gurukuro

Chiito cha 1974 chakaganhurira kuganhurirwa kwapurezidhendi, asi mapurezidhendi akapfuurira kuedza ganhuriro dzawo. Mumakumi amakore achangobva kupfuura aya, vadzori vakashandisa chinjo dzapamutemo, kunonoka kwehurumende, uye kuzvidavirira kwokugadzira kuti zvidzore. Mhaka yeDare Gurusa redare kudzorwa ne . Guta reNew York[[FLT:]] [197] [15] rakasimbisa kuti Mutungamiriri wePrezidhendi arege kupedza mari yakakodzera kutotenderwa zvakananga neDare. Zvisinei, pfuurira pamusoro pokuti Purezidenti ane chiremera chapamutemo chokuramba kupedza rutivi rwe "tarisiro". Hofisi yeSangano yemitemo pasi paDonald Crusorald Crump] yakatsigira kuona kusadzoka kwakawanda, nepo vatsoropotetete Dare remitemo mumiteko.

Mabhangi Nemutoro Wemari

Vatarisana nemhinganidzo dzinodzorwa nemhinganidzo dzezvamatongerwe enyika, vagadziri vemitemo vakakudziridza chishandiso chemari inobhadharwa. Izvozvi zvinobatanidza kushandisa "mazita okurega kupedza makepisi, kufambisa nhevedzano, kuchinja ndyiko kumakore anotevera, uye kushandisa misiano pakati pemvumo nemiraudzo. Vaiti vemari yeGO nguva dzose vanopa mishumo yemiitiro yakadaro, asi inoramba yakapararira. Chikwereti chehurumende zvino chinopfuudza mari inodarika $30 000 000 000, uye Office yeBhitubhiriyo yeBhinji yeCongration kuti pasi pomutemo wazvino uno, chikwereti chichapfuurira kukura nokukurumidza kupfuura mari. Iyi rondedzero inosimudzira mibvunzo pamusoro pomuitiro wemari kana kuti mutezo mukuru wemitemo yemitemo.

Rimwe basa riri kuwedzera rokushandisa mari inotarisirwa kugadzirwa nemotokari. Nhengo dzinoita seSocial Security, Medicare, uye Medicaid . Dzinokura gore negore pasina kutaurirana kwegore negore. Zvirongwa izvi zvinotsanangura kuti zvinenge zvikamu zviviri muzvitatu zvemari inoshandiswa nemotokari inoshanda, zvichiita kuti zviome kudzora kupfurikidza negadziriro yemari yegore negore. Mari yokuzvidzivirira, dzidzo, mashoo, uye sayenzi, zvave zvichingowedzera kupesana pakati pezvinhu zvinokosha. Zvisarudzo zvemari dzinobudirira zvakavimba nokupfuudzira kukuyanana zvinhu zvinokosha, kubvisa mudzimu wemari uyo unoita 1974.

Mugumisiro: Basa Rinotsungirira reBumbiro reMitemo

Mhindumupindu yomuitiro wemari yehurumende kubva paad hoc appropriation kugadziriro yakaoma, yomutemo yakaita kuti iratidzire kukura kwenyika nebasa rinokura rehurumende yehurumende. Zvikonzero zvebumbiro remitemo (Chonnerfer) zvesimba rechikwama neromutengi weProfesisswo yeProfesichuration yeBregin yedanga re 1974. Mitemo yokudzika mitemo yakatanga miitiro yokudzora mishato, asi mutemo wakatevera wazadza muudzame. Bhaundi yeBhaundi neAclicting yemaring yemari yemari yemari yemari inobhajeka ya1921 yemari yemari yemari yeBrect, neposeidzo yeBrosa reReserve reconfigtive reconst Act yeCC.

Kunzwisisa iyi nhau kunokosha nokuda kwavadzidzi vemiitiro yavose nehurumende. Gadziriro yemari yehurumende haisati iri bedzi muitiro wemiitiro yebasa asi inzvimbo ine simba umo nheyo dzebumbiro-mitemo, simba rezvamatongerwe enyika, uye zvinhu chaizvoizvo zvemari zvinosangana. Sezvo United States inotarisana nedenho dzinokura dzemari nechikwereti chemari, chiverengero chavagari vemo chetemberi, chinjo yemhoteredzo, uye makwikwikwi apasi pose (*) kudikanwa kwokuva nourefu, kucherekedzerwa kwemari inoshanda zviri kutonyanya kutonyanya. Zvikarakadzo zvechinjo dzinobvira kubhajeka kumari inoteverwa pamari inotengwa nokukurumidza. Chinjo ipi neipi inobudirira ichafanira kuremekedza kuparadza kutsika yapamutemo apo inochinjika nokuda kwezvinodikanwa zvemari yazvino uno uno uno uno. Gadzirira kupfuurirwa muna 1789, uye kunatswa kwamazana maviri amakore, zvinopfuurira kugovera kutsinhirano nokuda kwekurukurirano nokuda kwekurukurirano iyoyo.

Kuravazve, ona [[FLT: 0] [FORTIONAL CONTIONALY] Nhoroondo yeHofisi yeBajeti yeMario yeBronga , Office yeUrambidzo yeProfiti yeProfiti yeProfiti yeProjection , uye [[FLT] Office yeDzidzo nebhajeti inogovera mapepa ebhajeti netabheti yenhau yazvino. Nokuda kwokunyudza kukuru muzviito, ona [[FLT:]