Kutanga: Kuumbwa Kwesimba Rinodzora reAmerica

United States inoshanda mugadziriro yehurumende inoparadzira chiremera pakati pehurumende yenyika nehurumende makumi mashanu. Pamugumo wehurumende imwe neimwe inogara mukuru mukuru mumwe: Purezidhendi weUnited States pamwero wehurumende, uye Gavhuna pamwero wenyika. Nepo nzvimbo dzose dziri mbiri dzine chiremera choukuru, masimba adzo anorondedzerwa nemitemo yakasiana, anoteerera kucherekedzo dzakasiana, uye anoshandisa kumiganhu yakasiana yehurumende. Kunzwisisa iyi misiyano inokosha nokuda kwomunhu upi noupi anofunda hurumende yeAmerica, miganhu, kana kuti sayenzi yezvamatongerwe enyika. Nyaya inowe inowedzera misiyano huru pakati pamasimba makuru aPurezidhente naavo voMutongi, kugovera mashoko akapoteredza, mienzaniso yakananga, uye magadzirirwo anodzora.

Masimba Apurezidhendi: Chiremera Chikuru Chorudzi

Masimba aPurezidhendi anodudzwa muChikamu II cheBumbiro reMitemo reU.S., awedzerwa nemirau, zvirevo zvokutonga, uye muenzaniso wenhau. Kusafanana naGavhuna, Purezidhendi anoshanda mose muri muviri somusoro wehurumende nomusoro wehurumende, basa ramativi maviri rinoita mitoro yechienzi munhau dzokumwe, dziviriro yorudzi, uye utarisiri hwehurumende.

Mirayiro Yavatungamiriri Nehurumende Yavatongi

Purezidhendi anogona kupa zvirairidzo zvevakuru vakuru kuti zvitungamirire kushanda kwebazu rehurumende. Nepo iyi mirairo isingadi tendero yedare, inofanira kupiwa muchiremera chebumbiro remitemo kana kuti chomutemo chiripo. Somuenzaniso, Purezidhendi Franklin D. Roosevelt’s Education Order 9066 yejected yeJapann internactment yakatenderwa mukati meHondo yeNyika II, kushandiswa kwesimba kwakakakavadzana gare gare gare kunotsotsoropodzwa navanyori venhau. Mapurezidhendi azvino uno anoshandisa mirairo yavakuru vakuru kuti vashandise muitiro wokupinda munyika, mutevedzero, mutevedzero wemhoteredzo, uye kutarisirwa kwoutano. Zvisinei, mirairo yavakuru vehurumende inogona kudzorwa nomutemo kana kuti Purezidhendi wenhau anofambira.

Simba Revha uye Kutengesa Mitemo

Purezidhendi ane simba rokuita mutongo upi noupi unopiwa neCongress. Aveto anogona bedzi kusarurwa nevhoti mbiri-chitatu muzvose zviri zviviri Imba neDare, achiiita chishandiso chinotyisa. Mapurezidhendi anowanzoshandisa tyisidziro yeveto kuumba mutemo mukati megadziriro yekurukurirano. Somuenzaniso, Purezidhendi George H.W. Bush. Bush. rakaita mutemo wokuwedzera betsero dzoro dzourovharo muna 1991, kumanikidzira Courts kuhwirust. Simba ichekero huru paChiteshi cheChiwitichi, asi inodzikamiswa nokubvira kweProfesidente yePrente yezvokubhajenti rimwe nerimwe (mutsetse wemavhingatotototo yatoodhatwa nedare gurusase mu [FFFCUT]]][0]]

Mutungamiriri wemauto Nechiremera Chehondo

Bumbiro reMitemo rinogadza Purezidhendi seMutungamiriri weGuta reHondo, Navy, uye varwi vehurumende apo vanodanwa kupinda mubasa rehurumende. Ikoku kunopa Purezidhendi chiremera chakafara kutungamirira mabasa ehondo, kuendesa mauto, uye kurova. Zvisinei, Simba reHondo reHondo ra1973 rinoda kuti Purezidhendi azivise Congress mukati memaawa 48 okuita mauto akashopurwa nezvombo uye kuganhurira kuhondo mazuva 60 pasina mvumo yedare rehurumende. Somuenzaniso, Purezidhendi Barack Obama akavimba negadziriro iyi yehondo ya201111 yeRibhia. Mutungamiriri weHurumende anewo chiremera pamusoro pemitemo yokuendesa mauto enyukireya, simba rine mutoro mukuru.

Nhau Dzokumwe uye Tsigint Tsvene

Purezidhendi ndiye muvaki mukuru wemiitiro yokumwe yeU.S. kupfurikidza neBato reHurumende negadziriro dzamasangano amarudzi, Purezidhendi anotaurirana zvibvumirano, izvo zvinoda vhoti yeSamende yezvitatu zviviri kuti itsikwe. Mukuwedzera, Purezidhendi anogona kupinda muzvibvumirano zvehurumende namamwe marudzi pasina mvumo yeDare, sepane ne Paris Climate Agreement (iyo Purezidhendi Trump akabva kubva uye Purezidhendi Biden anowirirana). Purezidhendi anogamuchirawo nhume, anoziva hurumende dzokumwe nyika, uye anoraira zvishandiso zvokukurukurirana.

Simba Rokugadza Nepesvedzero Yokutonga

Purezidhendi anogadza vatongi vehurumende, kubatanidza vatongi veDare repamusorosoro, pamwe chete navanyori veDare reKabhini, nhume, uye zviuru zvavamwe vakuru vakuru. Kugadzwa kwakawanda kunoda kusimbiswa kweDare, muitiro wazova unodzorwa nenzira inowedzera. Somuenzaniso, Purezidhendi Trump akagadza vatongi vatatu veDare Gurusa mukati menhambo yake, achichinja dzikamo yePunt yeDare kwamakumi amakore. Iri simba rinobvumira Purezidhendi kuumba dare reSabata nehurumende pashure pokunge abva pahofisi.

Simba Rokutonga: Chiremera Chechiremera Chehurumende

Masimba avo anorondedzerwa nebumbiro remitemo rehurumende uye anosiyana - siyana. Zvisinei, nyaya dzinozivikanwa dzinosanganisira kudzora masangano ehurumende, mari yakarongwa, uye National Guard (isina kuiswa mutemo).

Mirayiridzo Yavatungamiriri Neutungamiriri Hwehurumende

Kufanana naPurezidhendi, Gavhuna vanogona kupa mirayiridzo yavakuru vakuru kuti vatarisire masangano ehurumende uye vaite chimwe chinhu kumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma. Mukati medenda reCOVID-19, vanaGavhuna vakawanda vakashandisa zvirango zvehurumende kuisa zvigadziko, zvinenge zvichinzi zvishandiswe, uye kugovera zvinhu. Somuenzaniso, Gavhuna weNew York Andrew Cuomo anorayira kuti vadzore misha inotarisirwa kurapa varwere veCHOVAD ne19. Kurongwa kwevatungamiriri vehurumende kudzorwa kunoganhurirwa nomutemo wehurumende uye kunogona kudenhwa mumatare ehurumende kana kuti kudzorwa nehurumende mune dzimwe nyika.

Masimba eVeto: Akazara, Asarura, uye Mutsetse Wakaiswa Mumubatanidzwa

Gavhuna vazhinjisa vane simba pamusoro pemitemo yenyika, asi simba resimba iroro rinosiyana. Mu43 enyika, Gavhuna ane mutsetse wechinhu vhato, achibvumira mukuru mukuru kurova zvitsama zvakati kubva mugweta pasina kudzosa chiyero chose .A simba Purezidhendi rinoshaiwa pamwero wehurumende. Kuwedzera, dzimwe nyika dzinoda chibvumirano chemitemo chembiri, nepo dzimwe dzichida voruzhinjiwo. Somuenzaniso, Gavhuna weNorth Carolina anogona kudzosa mari yakarongwa yemari yaainoshandiswa kuvhota, achipa chiwirirano chinokosha mukukurukurirana.

Kutarisira Nhamo Kwenyika Yose

Gavhuna vanobatira savakuru vakuru veNational Guard yavo yehurumende, kutoti kana Purezidhendi akaisa Varindi venjodzi dzenyika. Ikoku kunopa Gavhuna mano okutumira mauto aVarindi nokuda kwengwavaira dzomusikirwo, kusagadzikana kwavagari vemo, uye njodzi dzoutano. Somuenzaniso, Gavhuna Ron Desantis weFlorida akanyandura National Guard nokuda kwemhinduro yedutu. Zvisinei, Purezidhendi anogona kudzora mapoka aVarindi nokuda kwemidyandigere yenze kana kuti mishoni yomudzimba dzomumakunze, sezvinoonwa muWashington, D.C. 202020.

Chiremera Chemari Neutariri Hwemari

Mabumbiro enyika mazhinjisa anopa Gavhuna simba rokukarakadza bhajeti yehurumende, kazhinji kazhinji pamwe chete nomutungamiriri webhajeti. dare rehurumende ipapo rinoita nharo uye rinotendera bhajeti yokupedzisira. Gavhuna kazhinji kazhinji vane chiremera chemutsetse chezvikamu zvinoiswa panzvimbo, vachipa pesvedzero yakasimba. Mudzimwe nyika, Gavhuna anofanira kusaina bhajeti yakadzikama(a chinodikanwa chisina kuiswa pahurumende yehurumende yehurumende. Iri mauto ndero kuita zvisarudzo zvakaoma pakati pokushandisa zvinhu zvinokosha nemari, kazhinji kazhinji kacho kutungamirira kuhondo dzezvamatongerwe enyika pamusoro pomutero namabasa ehurumende.

Kugadzwa Nechisarudzo Chokutonga Chehurumende

Gavhuna vanogadza vakuru vemadhipatimendi ehurumende (muchib., Department of Transportation, Department of Education), mitezo yamapuranga namasangano, uye, munyika dzakawanda, vatongi vehurumende. Miitiro yokusimbisa inosiana zvikuru: dzimwe nyika dzinoda tendero yeDare (nokuda kwehurumende nemitemo yezvibvumirano zvebhimeralgineri), nepo dzimwe dzichida kusimbiswa nedare kana kuti kusatongobvumidzwa. Kugadzwa kwedare redare redare reRevolution rehurumende nemitemo, uko kunogona kuva netapuro yesimba gurukuna rakakomba panhau dzakadai nokubvisa pamuviri, kodzero dzokuvhotera, uye ruramisiro youtsotsi.

Kuongorora Kunoenzanisa: Kusiyana Kukuru Muzvikamu uye Pasi

Zvikamu zviduku zvinotevera zvinosimbisa kusiyana kukuru kuripo pakati pesimba raPurezidhendi neraGavhuna, kuisa pfungwa pasimba rehurumende, kupindirana kwemitemo, kutungamirira zvehondo, nyaya dzokune dzimwe nyika, kugadzwa kwedare, kupiwa basa, uye masimba engozi.

Nzvimbo Yechiremera: National vs.

Chiremera chaPurezidhendi chinobatanidza nyika dzose 50, ndima dzeU.S., uye nzvimbo dzehurumende. Purezidhendi anogona kuita kuti mitemo yehurumende iteererwe, kudzora kutengeserana kwenyika, uye kugadza muitiro wenyika yokumwe. Chiremera chaGavhuna chinoganhurirwa chose chose kumiganhu yenyika yavo. Ikoku kunoreva kuti Gavhuna haagoni kupesvedzera mutemo wemitero yehurumende, kupinda mubvumirano, kana kuti kuraira Masimba eUnited States Anorwa. Tenth Amendment Arective Res coderences arective masimba ose asingapiwi kuhurumende yehurumende yehurumende kana kuti vanhu, nokudaro achirondedzera nzvimbo yakaganhurirwa yaGavhuna.

Kupindira Kwomutemo Nesimba

Purezidhendi anoshanda neBangaral Congress .Nyau mbiri dzine simba rakaenzana remitemo (kunze kwekusimbisa kwakakwana kweDare namasimba ebvumirano). Mutambo wacho wakaoma uye unowanzorongedzerwa. Mukupesana, masangano emitemo ehurumende angava akazara nguva kana kuti nguva imwe, uye maruwa 49 (pancent Nebras) ane gadziriro dzemiitiro yemitemo yadzo inodzorwa nebato rakasiyana, zvichitungamirira kumiitiro, kana kuti hurumende yakabatana inofamba ichidzorwa negadziriro dzezvirongwa zvezvinzvimbo. Somuenzaniso, Gavhuna weMinnesota Tim Walz anodzora nemitemo yakakamukana, zvichiguma nekurukurirano yemari inodzorwa nguva dzose pamusoro pemari.

Murairo wemauto: Mazasi akazara eshoo. Hurumende

Purezidhendi anoraira mauto ose eU.S.(Army, Navy, Air Force, Marine Corps, Space Force, uye Gutu reCoast (munguva yorugare). Purezidhendi anogona kuronga pasina nguva kuvamba kurwisa kwehondo uye mauto anotumidzwa munyika yose. Gavhuna anoraira bedzi hurumende yeNational Guard, uye chiremera ichocho chinogona kutsiviwa kana Purezidhendi akadzora Varidhendi. Mukati meHondo yeKorea, Purezidhendi Truman akaronga mapoka ose eNational Guards area renguva yerwisano. Uku kusiyana kunokosha: Vatongi havagoni kupinda muhondo kana kuti kuita mabasa ehondo azvigaro.

Ukama Hwemamwe Marudzi Nepesvedzero Yamarudzi Ose

Purezidhendi ane basa rakananga, rebumbiro remitemo mumiitiro yokumwe, kubatanidza kuita chibvumirano, kurukurirano dzezvokutengeserana, uye kukurukurirana. Gavhuna vane pesvedzero yakaderera zvikuru yamarudzi ose, kunyange zvazvo vangapinda mumishoni yebudiriro yemari kune dzimwe nyika kana kuti kusangana navatungamiriri vokumwe kukurukura kutengeserana. Somuenzaniso, Gavana Gavana Gavin Newsom weCalifornia akaenda kuChina muna 2023 kundokurukura chinjo yemamiriro okunze, asi nzendo dzakadaro ndedzokufananidzira uye hadzina kubatanidzwa. Muitiro wokumwe mugariro wenyika unoda kubvisa zviito zvehurumende zvinorwisana nomutemo wehurumende.

Kuranga Kutonga: Dare Rehurumende Rinotonga Rinotonga Nguva Dzoupenyu

Purezidhendi anogadza vatongi vehurumende nokuda kwoupenyu, vachipiwa rumbidzo yeDare. Ikoku kunobatanidza vatongi veDare repamusorosoro, vatongi vedare redunhu, uye vatongi voruwa. Upenyu hunovadzivirira padzvinyiriro yezvamatongerwe enyika. Gavhuna vanogadza vatongi vehurumende, asi mashoko avo anosiana: vamwe vanobatira mirau yakagadzwa, vamwe vanotarisana nesarudzo, uye vamwe vanosarudzwa. Muitiro wokugadzwa wavatongi kazhinji kazhinji unobatanidza masangano okutonga, ayo anochenesa. Uku kunoreva nhaka yaPrezidhendi inogona kugara kwenguva refu, nepo muuyo waGavhuna pamatare ehurumende ungava wechinguvana zvikuru.

Kuvavarira Nokuparadzana

Purezidhendi anogona kufurirwa neHouse of Scrimes ndokubviswa panzvimbo nedare ramatatu maviri eDare nokuda kwe “pfungwa, chiokomuhomwe, kana kuti mamwe utsotsi hwakakwirira uye mabhinya.” Mapurezidhendi matatu bedzi eU.Andrew Johnson akapikiswa (Andrew, Bill Clinton, Donald Trump/tice), uye hapana akawanirwa mhaka. Gavhuna vanotarisana nomuitiro wakafanana muhurumende yavo, nechigadziko chehurumende chine simba rokusabata uye Dare rehurumende rokuvata. Zvisinei, Gavhuna vazhinji vakamani vakamanikidzirwa kurega kupara mhosva pamberi povhoti, saGavhuna Rod Blagojech weIllinoland muna 2009. Makurukota akatarisana nehurumende anosimuko anosimusiyano anosiana nehurumende.

Masimba Ekurumidziro: Kutariswa Kunoenzaniswa

Mukati menjodzi, vose vari vaviri Purezidhendi naGavhuna vanogona kuzivisa migariro yekurumidziro nemasimba chaiwo. Purezidhendi anogona kuzivisa njodzi yenyika pasi peNational Emertitution Act (1997), achiwana chiremera chechinguvana chokudzosa mari, kumisa mirau, uye kuunganidza zvishandiso zvehurumende. Gavhuna vanogona kuzivisa hurumende dzekurumidziro pasi pomutemo wehurumende, vachigonesa kuvagonesa kuita kuti National Guard Guard, kuisa nguva dzokusvika pamba, uye kudzora kufamba kwezvinhu. CHOVIID-19 yakaratidzira kuoma pakati pamasimba ehurumende nehurumende ekurumidziro: Mutungamiriri wehurumende akazivisa mamiriro ezvinhu ekurumidziro enyika, asi Gavhuna vazhinji vakabudisa kugara kwavo panzvimbo inogarwa kumba, vachitungamirira kudenho dzapamutemo pamusoro pevane chiremera chokuisa ganhuriro.

Mienzaniso Inoshanda Yokukunda Nokukakavadzana

Urongwa hwokushandira pamwe hunoumba nharaunda umo masimba apurezidhendi neamagavhuna anovhengana uye pane dzimwe nguva anorwisana.

Muitiro Wedzidzo

Purezidhendi anopesvedzera dzidzo kupfurikidza nemari yehurumende (muchib., No Child Lend Behind, All Students Recect) uye zviito zvokutungamirira (sezvirungai, Umutwe IX duction). Asi udzori hukuru padzidzo yeProfesi K-12 hunobva kuhurumende dzehurumende nemapuranga edzidzo yomunzvimbomo. Gavhuna vanotarisira madhipatimendi edzidzo edzidzo, vanotendera mipimo yedzidzo, uye vanogona kugadza mitezo yezvikoro zvedzidzo yeFlorida. Somuenzaniso, Gavhuna Ron Desantis anoshingaira nesimba kupfurikidza nezviratidzo zvevakuru vakuru vemiteshi parondedzero yetsika yetsika yetsika yeBhiden yedzidzo inopa nhungamiro pakodzero dzedzidzo dzedzidzo dzinopfuudzira kodzero dzevadzidzi.Kutungamirira kurwisana nechiremera chehurumende.

Ruramisiro Youtsotsi Nomutemo

Purezidhendi anoraira masangano ehurumende anotarisira kuchengetwa kwemitemo seFBI, DEA, uye U.S.Gavhuna vanodzora masangano ehurumende emapurisa uye vane simba rokubudisa kukanganwira uye kuwirirana kwemhosva dzehurumende. Muna 2021, Gavhuna Gavin Newsom akaisa porosation pachirango chorufu muCalifornia, nepo Purezidhendi Biden’s Justice Depart akapfuurira kutsvaka chirango chenzuru mumiitiro yehurumende. Mutungamiriri wehurumende anogonawo kupesvedzera kutevedzerwa kwomutemo kupfurikidza nokupa mapurogiramu nemipimo yehurumende, asi simba ramapurisa rinonangidzira zvikurukuru kuva rezviratidzo nenzvimbo.

Kurapwa uye Medicaid

Purezidhendi anotarisira zvirongwa zvokutarisira utano zvehurumende zvakadai seMedicare, Vacare recurecure, uye Affordal Care Act (ACA). Gavhuna vanotungamirira purogiramu dzehurumende yeMidhicaid mubatira pamwe nehurumende yehurumende. Gavhuna vazhinji vane chiremera chokuwedzera Mdhicaid pasi peACA, uye zvisarudzo izvozvo zvine miuyo mikuru pamiuyo yehurumende nemari. Somuenzaniso, Gavhuna Brian Kemp weGeorgia akadzivisa kukura kwegamuchidzanwa Medicaid, panzvimbo pezvo kuisa chinodikanwa chebasa kuti simba raGavhuna rigogona sei kuumba zvirongwa zvehurumende.

Mupeto: Zviremera Zviviri, Imwe Fanisirwo

Purezidhendi naGavhuna vose vari vaviri ivakuru vakuru, asi masimba avo anoratidza rudzi rwakafanira rwehurumende yeAmerica. Purezidhendi ane chiremera chikuru pamusoro pechengeteko yenyika, mutemo wokumwe, jaji rehurumende, uye mauto. Gavhuna vanoshanda mukati menzvimbo inomanikidzirwa zvikuru(* matare ehurumende, masangano ehurumende, National Guard (isina kutungamirirwa nomutemo), uye kuchengetwa kwomutemo wehurumende. Asi nzvimbo dzose dziri mbiri dzinodzo dzinodzorwa kunzvera: Mutungamiriri wenyika anoongororwa neDare reHurumende nematare; Vatongi vanoongororwa nemitemo yehurumende yehurumende, matare ehurumende, uye hurumende pasi peSuymacrecle Claus.

Kunzwisisa misiyano iyi kunokosha nokuda kwokunzwisisa zvose zviri zviviri simba nekakavadzano dzehurumende. Sezvo rudzi runotarisana nedenho dzinovambira pahosha dzinovambira kumigariro kuenda kuchinjo kukusaenzana kwezvemari, kubatanidzwa pakati pamasimba apurezidhendi negaberna kuchapfuurira kumiuyo yemiitiro. Vagari navadzidzi vanonzwisisa iyi misiyano vakashongedzerwa zviri nani kuyera utungamiriri uye kuchengeta mwero yose iri miviri yehurumende ine mutoro.

Nokuda kwokuravazve, bvunza peji yapamutemo yeWhite House pamasimba apurezidhendi ( tsime), kupeta kupfupikiswa kwaGavhuna Hurumende yeGubhuratori ( tsime), uye Congregational Research Service mishumo yemirairo yehurumende ([[FLT:]] chibviro chebumbiro dzehurumende ).