Kutanga: Central Figure muHurumende yeHurumende yeHurumende yeMenderiyamu yeIndia

Mutungamiriri wePrime weIndia ndiye mukuru mukuru anobudirira webazu guru uye hofisi ine simba zvikurusa mugadziriro yenyika. Nepo Purezidhendi weIndia ari musoro webumbiro remitemo rehurumende, ndiye Mutungamiriri Mukuru anotungamirira hurumende, anogadza nhungamiro yemitemo, uye anoraira chivimbo cheLok Sabha, imba yakasarudzwa zvakananga yakaderera yeParamende. Kunzwisisa muitiro unogadzwa naMutungamiriri weHurumende, pamwe chete nomugariro wakazara wemasimba emitemo nemitemo akabatanidzwa kuhofisi, kunokosha nokuda kwomunhu upi noupi anotsvaka kunzwisisa kuti India inodzorwa sei.

Gadziriro yeIndia idemokrase yehurumende yehurumende yehurumende yeWestminster, yakachinjirwa kuchimiro chenyika chenzanga nemamiriro ayo ezvamatongerwe enyika akasiana - siana. Hofisi yeMutungamiriri weHurumende haisarudzwi zvakananga navanhu musarudzo yakaparadzana; panzvimbo pezvo, kugadzwa kunobva pamuuyo wesarudzo dzavose uye kubatanidzwa kwemibatanidzwa yezvamatongerwe enyika. Pakare, chiremera cheMutungamiriri weHurumende chakafara, chinotapura nzvimbo iri yose yokutonga, kubva kumitemo nemari kuenda kuchengeteko yenyika nemuitiro wokumwe nyika.

Muitiro Wokugadza: Kubva Pakusarudza Kunoitirwa Mutungamiriri Mukuru Mukuru Wehurumende

Kusarudza Zvikuru uye Lok Sabha

Muitiro wokugadza unovamba nesarudzo yavose kuLok Sabha, iyo inoitiswa makore mashanu ari ose mutarisiro yeEcommution Commission of India. India inokamurwa kuva 543 communistries, imwe neimwe inosarudza Chikamu chimwe cheParamende (MP) kupfurikidza negadziriro yokutanga yovhota yapashure. Vagari vemo vane makore 18 napamusoro vakafanirwa nokuvhota, vachiita uku kushandiswa kukurusa kwedemocracy munyika.

Mukuwedzera kumitezo yakasarudzwa, Purezidhendi angasakisa mitezo miviri yenzanga yeAnglo - Indian kana nzanga iyoyo isingamirirwi zvakakwana, kunyange zvazvo iyi gadziriro yakadzokororwa neIntelligence yeBumbiro reMitemo rechi 104 muna 2020. Lok Sabha zvino ine simba gurusa remitezo 552, asi nezvigaro zvine simba reAnglo - Indian, simba rinoshanda zvino yava mitezo 543 inosarudzwa.

Basa Remapati Ezvamatongerwe Enyika Nemagariro Ezvitendero

Kana miuyo yesarudzo yaziviswa bedzi, Purezidhendi weIndia anokoka mutungamiriri webato rezvamatongerwe enyika kana kuti mubatanidzwa uyo anoraira voruzhinji muLok Sabha kuti vaumbe hurumende. Kana boka rimwe rikachengeta inopfuura hafu yezvigaro zvose (272 kana kuti kupfuura 543), mutungamiriri waro chisarudzo chomuzvarirwo choMutungamiriri wePrime. Zvisinei, hurumende dzinobatana dzazova dzinozivikanwa navose mumatongerwe enyika eIndia, zvikurukuru chibviro cha 1990. Muzvinoitika zvakadaro, mutungamiriri weshamwari hurusande kana kuti mubatanidzwa webvumirano yebvumirano inokokwa.

Purezidhendi haashandisi uchenjeri nenzira yokusafunga. Kokorodzano ndeyokukoka munhu uyo ane bviro hurusa yokuraira chivimbo cheImba. Kana pasina vapindi kana kuti mubatanidzwa usati washata une voruzhinji vakajeka, Purezidhendi angakumbira boka gurusa kuti ribvumikise voruzhinji varo pauriri hweImba mukati mechikamu chakati chenguva. uyu muitiro unodzorwa nekokorodzano dzebumbiro remitemo nerutongeso rwaPresident, zvinoshandiswa mukukurukurirana navakuru vakuru vemitemo nemitemo.

Kugadza Mugariro Nechinotambirwa cheHofisi

Pashure pokunge Purezidhendi agutswa kuti mudaviriri anokarakadzwa anogona kuumba hurumende yakatsiga, maruramiro okugadza anobudiswa. Mutungamiriri weHurumende akagadzwa nenzira yapamutemo ipapo naPurezidhendi pasi peChikamu 75 (1) cheBumbiro reMitemo reIndia. Pashure pokugadzwa, Mutungamiriri weProfester anoita mhiko yebasa nechivande, zvinopiwa naPrezidhendi. Mhiko yacho inopa Mutungamiriri weHurumende chikumbiro kutakura kutenda kwechokwadi nokuzvipira kuBumbiro reMitemo, kutsigira uchangamire nepereko zveIndia, uye kuita mabasa nenzira yokutendeka.

Mhiko imwe cheteyo yokutora inobatanidza kugadzwa kweDare raVafundisi, vane mitezo inogadzwa pazano roMutungamiriri weHurumende. Mutungamiriri weHurumende anopa vafundisi zviteshi kuvashumiri, uye Purezidhendi anovagadza nenzira yapamutemo. Dare raVafundisi rine mutoro pamwe chete kuLok Sabha, kureva kuti ushumiri hwose hunofanira kurega kana hukarasikirwa nechivimbo cheImba.

Kunaka Nokugadziridzwa

Nguva yeMutungamiriri weHurumende haisati yagadzwa neBumbiro reMitemo. Hofisi inochengetwa kwenguva refu apo Mutungamiriri weHurumende anofarikanya chivimbo cheLok Sabba.

Mutungamiriri weHurumende angarega nokuzvidira, kazhinji kazhinji nokuda kwezvikonzero zvamatongerwe enyika kana kuti zvomunhu oga.

Zvinodiwa Nezvinodiwa Nehofisi

Bumbiro Remitemo reIndia harirayiri zvikwaniriso chaizvo zvehofisi yeMutungamiriri weHurumende kupfuura izvo zvinodikanwa nokuda kwemitezo muLok Sabhaha kana kuti Rajiya Sabhaha.

  • Mumwe mugari wemuIndia.
  • Anenge makore 25 okukura kana mumwe mutezo weLok Sabha, kana kuti anenge makore 30 ezera kana mumwe mutezo weRajiya Sabhaha.
  • Kusatora nzvimbo ipi neipi yemari muhurumende yeIndia kana kuti hurumende ipi neipi, kutoti kwaibvumirwa nomutemo.
  • Nendangariro yakanaka uye kwete munyunguduki asina kubviswa.

Zvinokosha kuziva kuti munhu asiri nhengo yeImba yeParamende panguva yokugadzwa anogona kugadzwa seMutungamiriri weHurumende, chero bedzi ava nhengo mukati memwedzi mitanhatu.

Simba Nemabasa Emutungamiriri Wehurumende

Masimba eMutungamiriri weHurumende anobva mumanyuko anoverengeka: Bumbiro reMitemo, mitemo, kokorodzano dzeparamende, uye nzvimbo yoMutungamiriri Mukuru somutungamiriri weDare raVafundisi. Aya masimba makuru uye anobata rutivi rwuri rwose rwehurumende. Anogona kuiswa mumapoka anoverengeka.

Masimba Ane Simba

Somutungamiriri weDare reVashumiri, Mutungamiriri weHurumende anodzora zvinobudirira pabazu guru.

  • Zvisarudzo zveCabinet zvinoitwa nenzira yakarongwa neCabinet, asi mirangariro yeMutungamiriri weHurumende ine uremu hunokosha husingachinjiki.
  • Mutungamiriri weHurumende anogona kuisazve vashumiri, kuvabudisa muDare, kana kuti kuunza mitezo mitsva, pasi pechirongwa chaPurezidhendi.
  • Kobheti Sectariat, inotungamirira noMunyori weKibitmait, inoshanda munhungamiro yaMutungamiriri wePurezidhendi kuva nechokwadi chokubatana kwetsika uye kubatira pamwe kwevafundisi.
  • Chinokurudzira kugadzwa kwavakuru vakuru, kubatanidza Attorney General, Comptroller naPuncitori Mukuru, Mutungamiriri weSangano, uye Gavhuna venyika. Nepo Purezidhendi achigadza pamutemo ava vakuru vakuru, rumbidzo yoMutungamiriri wePurezidhendi neKibinei inoshanda.
  • Chikamu 78 cheBumbiro reMitemo chinorayira Mutungamiriri weDare kuti akurukure zvisarudzo zvose zveDare kuna Purezidhendi uye kupa mashoko api naapi angakumbirwa naPurezidhendi.

Masimba Omutemo

Gurukota guru inhengo yeimwe yeImba yeParamende uye rinoita basa rinokosha mumitemo.

  • Kutanga kwemitemo kunosarudzwa neMutungamiriri weHurumende mukubvunza Dare uye mutariri weparamende.
  • Mutungamiriri wehurumende anowanzotaura nezvenyaya dzinokosha uye panenge pachikurukurwa nyaya yokuti Purezidhendi anotenda kuti Purezidhendi anenge ataura nezvenyaya iyi.
  • Unogona kurumbidza kuparadzwa kweLok Sabha pamberi pomugumo weshoko raro remashanu gore, kuchinyandura sarudzo itsva. Simba iri, rinoshandiswa pasi peChikamu 85(2) (b), ndichimwe chezvishandiso zvezvamatongerwe enyika zvinokosha zvikurusa zvinoshandiswa naMutungamiriri weHurumende.
  • Apo Purezidhendi anopa kukumbira kwacho nenzira yakarongwa, nguva nenguva yemarusando inosarudzwa pazano reMutungamiriri weHurumende.

Masimba Ezvemari

Mutungamiriri wePrime, somusoro wehurumende, anotarisira mari yorudzi. Mari inorongwa noMutungamiriri weMari, asi gadziriro yayo yose negadziriro zvinoiswa pakutanga noMutungamiriri weHurumende neKibinet. Mutungamiriri weHurumende anoita basa guru muzvisarudzo zvemitero, ndyiko, uye mutemo wemari. Mitemo mikuru yemari, kubatanidza Bill yegore negore yeMarication, inotungamirirwa nehurumende pasi poutungamiriri hweMutungamiriri weHurumende.

Mukuwedzera, Gurukota Guru rinotungamirira chisarudzo chikuru chezvemari chakadai seDare reCabittenet on Economic Affairs neNational Development Council.

Simba Rokugadza

Kupfuura kugadzwa kwavafundisi nemabasa ebumbiro remitemo, Mutungamiriri weHurumende ane chirevo chinokosha mukugadzwa kwe:

  • Mutongi Mukuru navamwe vatongi veDare Rapamusorosoro neDare Rapamusoro, mugadziriro yecollegegium, umo Mutongi Mukuru weIndia navatongi vakuru vanorumbidza kugadzwa, asi mirangariro yehurumende, inopinzwa kupfurikidza noMutungamiriri weHurumende, inogona kupesvedzera muitiro wacho.
  • Mutarisiri wechigaro nemitezo yemitumbi mikuru, vamiriri, uye zvikamu zvavose.
  • Vakuru vemauto, Mauto Ehondo, uye Mauto Emhepo, pamwe chete nevamwe vakuru vakuru vemauto.

Aya masimba okugadza anopa pesvedzero inokosha padare redare, dare, uye mauto, zvose zviri mukati megadziriro yechekero dzebumbiro remitemo nemiitiro yomutemo.

Kushandisa Mitemo Yokumwe Nokuchengeteka Kwenyika

Mutungamiriri weHurumende chinzvimbo cheIndia munhau dzamarudzi ose.

  • Inomirira India pamisangano mikuru yamarudzi ose, kubatanidza United Nations General Assembly, G20, BRICS, uye Quad.
  • Anoita kurukurirano dzezvokutengeserana nevatungamiriri vokumwe uye anogadza nhungamiro yemitemo yenyika yokumwe, ingave pamusoro poukama hwemhuri, zvibvumirano zvezvokutengeserana, kana kuti kubatana kwemibatanidzwa.
  • Kunyange zvazvo zvibvumirano zvakadaro zvichida kugadziriswa kweparamende mune zvimwe zviitiko, basa reMutungamiriri weHurumende kutanga nokuitisa kukurukurirana kunokosha.
  • Huru hweDare reCabitten on Security (CCS), chisarudzo chikurusa panhau dzechengeteko yorudzi.CCS inotendera kuwana dziviriro huru, inoumba dzidziso yenyukireya, uye inobvumira mabasa ehondo.

Masimba Ekurumidziro

Mubumbiro reMitemo, Purezidhendi anogona kuzivisa kurumidziro yenyika, njodzi yehurumende, kana kuti njodzi yemari, asi izvi zviziviso zvinoitwa bedzi pazano rakanyorwa reKabhini, zvinobudirira parumbidzo yoMutungamiriri weHurumende. Mukati mekukurumidzira kwenyika (Article 352), hurumende huru inoita kuti masimba anoparadza, uye maruramiro makuru adzorwe. Basa reMutungamiriri wehurumende mukusarudza kana kurumbidza kurumidziro mutoro wemitemo, mukuwirirana nemitemo yehurumende mukati momwedzi mumwe.

Ukama NaPurezidhendi

Purezidhendi weIndia ndiye mukuru mukuru wehurumende, nepo Mutungamiriri weHurumende ari mutungamiriri wehurumende. Purezidhendi anoshanda payamuro nezano reDare raVafundisi, rinotungamirirwa noMutungamiriri weHurumende. Ikoku kunoreva kuti masimba aPurezidhendi ari, mumativi anenge ose, anoshandiswa parumbidzo yoMutungamiriri wehurumende. Zvisinei, Purezidhendi angadzorera rumbidzo yokurangarirazve kamwe (Mari 74 (1)), asi kana Dare raVabatiri rikaitumira shure, Purezidhendi anofanira kui.

Kunyange zvazvo Purezidhendi ari mutungamiriri wemauto ane simba rokupa kanganwiro, masimba aya anoshandiswa pazano reMutungamiriri weHurumende uye reDare Revashumiri.

Makeja Nedzikamo

Pasinei zvapo namasimba makuru eMutungamiriri weHurumende, nzvero dzinoverengeka dzebumbiro remitemo nezvamatongerwe enyika dzinoganhurira kushandiswa kwechiremera:

  • Mutoro wokureverera:[[FLT: 1] Dare raVafundisi rine mutoro pamwe chete kuLok Sabha. Mutungamiriri weHurumende haagoni kuita pasina donzo munhau dzinoda tendero yeKirten, uye ushumiri hwose hunogona kubviswa nevhoti isingabvumirwi.
  • [[FLT: 0] Jodicial Review: Dare Gurusa neDare Rapamusoro rinogona kugumisa zviito zvavakuru vakuru zvinoputsa Bumbiro reMitemo. Zvisarudzo zvomutungamiriri weProfeta, kubatanidza kushandiswa kwamasimba ekurumidziro uye kuitwa kwemitemo, zvinodzorwa nokunzverwa kwedare.
  • Scrimement: Mutungamiriri weHurumende navashumiri vanozvidavirira kuParamende kupfurikidza nemibvunzo, nharo, uye zvinoitika zvamatare. Chishoro chinoita basa rinokosha mukuzvidavirira kwehurumende.
  • .FEDAL : India mubatanidzwa womubatanidzwa womubatanidzwa, uye hurumende dzehurumende dzinofarikanya kuzvitonga munhau dzakarongwa muHwero yeHurumende. Mutungamiriri weHurumende haagoni kudzongonyedza muzvinhu zvenyika kunze kwegadziriro dzakananga dzebumbiro remitemo, dzakadai sekutonga kwaPurezidhendi pasi peChikamu 356.
  • [[FLT: 0] Media neChivil Society: Chinobudisa nhau chikuru namasangano enzanga anoshingaira anoita mhoteredzo yokunzvera nokuzvidavirira kwavose izvo zvinodzvinyirira kushandiswa kwokusafunga kwesimba.

Mutungamiriri Wehurumende Mubasa Rokutonga reIndia

Hofisi yeMutungamiriri weHurumende ndiyo nzvimbo inotenderera kumativi ose uko kutonga kweIndia kunotenderera. Kubva pakutungamirira purogiramu yemitemo kusvikira kukuraira masimba ane zvombo, kuvambira pakukurukurirana namasimba okumwe kusvikira kugadziriro yetsika dzomumba, pesvedzero yeMutungamiriri weHurumende inoshambadzirwa. Bva hofisi inorondedzerwa zvikuru neganhuriro dzayo senemasimba ayo. Chinodikanwa chokuchengeta chivimbo cheLok Sabba, goverano yehurumende yamasimba, uye kuzvimirira kwevatongi vanovimbisa kuti Mutungamiriri wehurumende anodzora mukati megadziriro yokuzvidavirira yehurumende yehurumende yehurumende yehurumende.

Kunzwisisa gadziriro yokugadzwa namasimba eMutungamiriri weHurumende yeChirefu kunogovera purojekiti kushanda kwehurumende yehurumende yeIndia. Kunoratidzira kuti miuyo yakasarudzwa inoshandura sei kuva chiremera choutungamiriri hwavakuru vakuru, kuti utungamiriri hwezvamatongerwe enyika hunoumba sei muitiro, uye kuti dziviriro yebumbiro remitemo inodzivisa sei kuiswa kwesimba. sezvo India inopfuurira kushanduka mune zvamatongerwe enyika uye mune zvemari, basa reMutungamiriri weHurumende richaramba riri pakati pesimba renyika.

Nokuda kwavaravi vanotsvaka udzame hwakawanda pagadziriro yebumbiro remitemo, rugwaro rwakazara rweBumbiro reMitemo reIndia runowanika kubva kuBato rehurumende . Mashoko pamusoro pehofisi yePurezidhendi namabasa azvino anogona kuwanwa pa [FLT] Primite pawebsite yeSangano reSarudzo [[FLT:]]. Mitezo yesarudzo nemigumisiro inobudiswa neKomishoni yeIndiya[[FLT:]], uye kunzvera kwamashoko kwakazara pamiitiro yeparamendiro kunowanika kubva PGS]SSS RActal ctal Rectureagement [FFF:7].

mhedziso

Kugadzwa kweMutungamiriri weMinisita mukuru weIndia ibasa rehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu rinovamba nevhota uye rinoguma nekodzero yaPurezidhendi. Igadziriro inoratidzira nheyo huru dzehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu neparamende: uchangamire hwakakurumbira, utongi huzhinji, uye mutoro weboka. Kana agadzwa, Mutungamiriri Mukuru anoshandisa masimba akawanda anotonga kwose — mukuru mukuru, mukuru wehurumende, mubatanidzwa wezvemari, wezvemari, uye wehondo. Aya masimba anodzikamiswa nemitemo yeparamende, uye anodzorwa nehurumende. Basa reMutungamiriri wehurumende mukuru nokudaro ndirimwe romutoro mukuru, anoda unyanzvi hwezvamatongerwe enyika, pamutemo, uye kuzvipira kumipimo wehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu. Munyika yose seIndia, nzvimbo yePrimestericiomkuru, haisingoriwo nzvimbo yesimba rehurumende yehurumende yehurumende yehurumende yehurumende yehurumende yehurumende yenyika inotonga vanhu vane mabhiriyoni.