Kurwira rusununguko rwevagari vemo neruramisiro yenzanga yave iri musoro mukuru munhau yose yevanhu. Kubvira pakuzivisa kwapakuvamba zvikurusa kwekodzero kusvika kumasangano emazuva ano ano anochinja kunzwisisa kwedu kuenzana, nhau inochinja kururamisira nokuedza kupfuurira, kwakarongwa. Masangano anotsigira kodzero dzemapoka akachenuruka akachinja zvikuru uye akapesvedzera mutemo wetsika. Nyaya ino inoongorora maonero anokosha enhau pamusoro perusununguko rwevagari vemo uye kushanduka - shanduka kwemasangano enzanga, kuongorora mipimo yemagariro etsika, zviitiko zvinokosha, uye migumisiro inoramba ichizivisa zviito zvenguva ino.

Mavambo Okusunungurwa Kwevagari Vomunyika Imwe Chete

Kunzwisisa rusununguko rwavagari vemo kunoda kunzvera nheyo dzavo dzenhau. Idzi — rusununguko rwokutaura, kuungana, rudzidziso, uye maruramiro kumuitiro wakafanira — zvinowanzoiswa muzvinyorwa zvapamutemo uye zvinokosha nokuda kwokushanda kwenzanga yehurumende yehurumende yeruzhinji. Murangariro wokuti vanhu vane maruramiro okuberekwa nawo ayo hurumende isingagoni kudzorwa paari mufungo wazvino uno nenzira yakaganhurirwa, uyo wakavamba zvishoma nezvishoma mumazana amakore okukura kwezvamatongerwe enyika noruzivo.

Mapepa makuru enheyo anobatanidza Magna Carta (1915), iyo yakatanga nheyo yokuti munhu ari wose, kubatanidza mambo, anozviisa pasi pomutemo; United States Constitution neBill of Rights yayo (1787-1791), iyo yakabatanidza dziviriro dzakananga pahurumende; uye Chiziviso Chose chekodzero Dzevanhu (1948), icho chakabudisa mupimo wenyika yose wechiremera chomunhu. Rimwe nerimwe ramagwaro aya rinomirira nhano inokosha kukuziva kodzero dzevanhu neganhurira simba rehurumende. Magna Carta akatanga mufungo wemuitiro wakafanira kupfurikidza nevimbiso yorutongeso rwayo yomunhu, nepo Bill wekodzero dzekodzero dzemunhu, anonyora pepanhau, rudzidziso, uye gungano rakava zvikwanikiso zvehurumende yenyika yose.

Masangano Anokosha Okutonga Munzanga

Masangano eruramisiro yenzanga akabuda mukupindura kusaenzana kwetsika kwakaiswa mumutemo, tsika, uye mamiriro ezvemari. Masangano aya akatsvaka kugadzirisa nhau dzakadai sedzinza, chirume, vatano, kirasi, uye urema. Mamwe emasangano anopesvedzera zvikurusa anobatanidza Abololition Movement, Suffge , Civil Rights Movement, LGBTQ+ Rights , uye Movement. Rimwe nerimwe raaya rwisano dzakavakirwa pabudiriro nezvidzidzo zvaavo vakauya pamberi pezvi, kuparira kuwedzerazve kunzanga inobatanidza vanhu vose.

Sangano Rokusarudza Zvematongerwo Enyika

Musangano rokuparadza muzana ramakore rechi19 raivavarira kugumisa uranda muUnited States nedzimwe nyika. Yakanga iri imwe yamasangano makuru eruramisiro yenzanga okutanga kushandisa kuronga vanhu vazhinji, nhimbe, uye kupesvedzera kwetsika sezvishandiso zvamatongerwe enyika. Nhamba huru dzakabatanidza Frederick Douglas, aichimbova munhu akaratidzirwa uranda nouranda; Harriet Tubman, uyo akaisazve upenyu hwake mungozi kuti atungamirire vamwe kupfurikidza neUnderpredgrand Rault; uye William Lloyd Garrison, ane pepanhau [[FLT: 0] Raberator [[FLT:] rairaira uranda noumhizha hwapamhindiro nera . Nhangetapo] yaida nokukurumidza uranda hwapamutemo. Nhangerwe rwebasa racho rwakaita kuti kupfurikidza nemhindi yezvamatongerwe enyika zvisarusosososo zvakate-pfuto zvishaidzo zvishande, zvinodzo dzakadzokashatsarika muEman (1866) uye 13656)

Kufamba Kwavakadzi Kwourombo

Sangano ravakadzi rakatsvaka kudzivirira maruramiro okuvhota vakadzi, kudenha zvikuru tsika dzapamutemo nedzenzanga idzo dzakabvisa hafu yavagari vemo mukutora rutivi kwehurumende. Vatungamiriri vakadai saSusan B. Anthony naElizabeth Cady Stanton vakaita mabasa anokosha mukuronga magungano, kubudisa hurukuro, uye kukurudzira vaiti vemitemo. Seneca Falls Convention ya1848 inorangarirwa zvikuru senzvimbo yokutanga yeboka, apo Stanton akanyorera Declaration of Reformation, achienzanisira mutauro wake paZiviso yeHuriro kuti varambe vakaenzana navarume navakadzi. Kufamba kwacho kwakatarisana nechishoro chakakomba pamusoro pamazano napamberi, kubatanidza pamusoro pokuvambidza kuvhotera kana kuti maruramiro okubudirira. Kutora rutivi rwe 19 rwechinjo mukukunda kwakakurumbira zvikuru, kunyange zvazvo kwakabetsera zvikuru vakadzi veAmerica, maIndia avatema vanopfuura vatema vapfumi vapfumi vanoramba kutarisana namakumi amakore.

Boka Rekodzero Dzevagari Vemo

Gadziriro yekodzero dzavagari vemo ya1950 na 1960 yakavavarira kugumisa kusarurana kwedzinza nerusaruro muAfrica. Icho zvichida isangano rinotsigirwa nokufundwa zvikurusa renzanga munhau yeAmerica, rinoratidzirwa nokudzivisa kwehondo kusina masimba, denho dzapamutemo, uye kuunganidza. Zviitiko zvikuru, zvakadai seMarch paWashington muna 1963/apo Dr. Luther King Jr. akagovera "Indrow" yake "Ine DAV" uye kutaura kwavashandi vokusateerera mutemo, uye Montgomey Bus Boncott (1955 -19566), zvakanyandurwa nokuramba kwaRos kuisa chigaro chake, kwakasimbisa kurwisa kwechipo kwechipo nokuwana ngwariro yorudzi. Vatungamiriri vaDr Leans, John Lewis, naFosanhoir Ham vaishanda basa rokusateerera mutemo, uye vanovhotera mitemo inonyoresa zvakananga.

LGBTQ+ Vashandi Vamaruramiro

LGBTQ+ nzanga yakarwira maruramiro akaenzana nokuzivikanwa kwavanhu pasinei zvapo nechimiro chevatano kana kuti kuzivikanwa kwavanhukadzi. Zviitiko zveWandmark Riots muna 1969 (kutevedzana kweratidziro dzinoitika dzoga nemitezo yeLGBTQ+ nzanga mukupindura kuvhozhozhokera kwamapurisa paDorobha raNew York / Taberzz yakaparira fungu rechiito nechibvumirano izvo zvakashandura kufamba kubva kuduku, kazhinji kazhinji zvapachiva pasi pesimba musimba rinooneka rechinjo. Kufamba kwakawana rukundo rwapamutemo, kubatanidza kudzorwa kwevatano yevatano yavanhu muchinoitika cheDare gurusaro ra 2003 [FLT:] LYP] v.[FT], vanodzivirira vanhu vakadaro.[Fogrome], vanodzivirira pamutemo mumugariro wapamutemo [Fofrogner] [2][3]

Sangano Ravashandi

Sangano ravashandi, nepo pane dzimwe nguva rakafuratirwa mukurukurirano dzerusununguko rwavagari vemo, rave richikosha mukuchengeta maruramiro ezvemari anotsigira rusununguko rwezvamatongerwe enyika. Kuvambira paHaymarket Affair ya1886 kusvikira pakuumbwa kweAmerican Federation of Labor neCongress of Industrial Organizations, vashandi vakarongwa kuraira mibayiro inokwana, migariro yokushanda yakakotsekana, maawa ane mufungo, uye kodzero yokuita kurukurirano neboka. Kukunda uku kwakanga kusati kuri bedzi kwezve kwezvemari; ivo vanosimbisa kuti vashandi vane migariro yetsika yeNational Laborty Act yeBalty ye1935 (ISiteko reWagner), Fair Standard Act yeMitection yeMitemo yeBare yeMari yeMabasa ya1970, uye youganda yezvoutano. Kukunda uku kwakanga kusiri bedzi kwezvero yemari; ivo vakataura kuti vane inzwi mumigariro yavo yebasa uye kuti inofanira kudzoredzero yebasa.

Basa Romutemo Murusununguko Rwevagari Vemo

Mutemo unoita basa rinokosha mukudzivirira rusununguko rwevagari vomunyika kupfurikidza nokuchinja kodzero dzemitemo dzinonzi dzinoshandiswa. Mitemo mikuru inobatanidza Chibvumirano cheChibvumirano cheChivil Rights cha1949, icho chakarambidza rusaruro munzvimbo dzavose, mabasa, uye purogiramu dzinotsigirwa nehurumende; Voting Rights Act ya1956, iyo yakarambidza rusaruro rwedzinza mukuvhota uye yaida kuti pave nemitemo idzorerwe nezvinodzorwa nenhau dzokudzvinyirira; uye kuti vaAmerica vane urema hunorema hunorambidza rusaruro pavanhu vane urema munharaunda dzose dzoupenyu, kubatanidza mabasa, zvikoro, uye nzvimbo dzavose dzinozarukira vanhu vose. Iyi mitemo yaishandiswa mukubvisa miganhuro yehurumende uye kusimudzira mamiriro ezvinhu okuenzana, asi yaida kutsigirwa nokuchengetwa. Gadziro rechinionnionnion, somuenzaniso, kutanga, rakanangana nehurumende dzakawanda, uye kudzosera kudzo dzadzorodza kupfurikidza nokudzosera kupfurikidza nemitemo.

Mumwe mutemo unokosha unobatanidza Fair Howard House Act ya1996, iyo yakarambidza rusaruro mudzimba; musoro IX weDzidzo reInformations ya1972, iyo yakarambidza rusaruro rwevatano yakavakirwa papurogiramu dzedzidzo inopiwa mari nehurumende; uye Matthew Shepard naJames Byrd Jr. Vengai Crimes Prevention Act ya2009, iyo yakakudza mitemo yehurumende yoruvengo kuti ibatanidze utsotsi hwehurumende hunosundwa nevatano chaiyo kana kuti hunorangarirwa, vatano, kuzivikanwa kwevatano, kana kuti urema.

Nhau Dzazvino Uno Mukusunungurwa Kwehurumende

Nhasi, rusununguko rwavagari vemo runopfuurira kudenhwa mumigariro mitsva neinogadziriswa. Nhau dzakadai senzvero yehurumende, rusununguko rwokutaura munhambo yetsika, maruramiro okubuda munyika, uye kuvhota ndidzo dzinotungamirira kurukurirano dzenguva ino. Kushandiswa kwakapararira kwemitengi yokunzvera nesangano rehurumende kunomutsa itiro hanya dzakakomba pamusoro pekodzero yokuva woga, rusununguko rusingatapurwi nomutemo asi runozivikanwa nematare kwenguva refu. Nharo pamusoro pokutaura kwakasununguka pamasangano enzanga, kugutsa mwero, uye kupararira kwemiganhuro yeRegiontion reFirst Amendment. Masangano anotarisana nokusungwa, kuendesa kuregwa, uye miraudzo yetsika yemhuri inodenha mifungo mikuru yomuitiro nechiremera zvavanhu. Kuvhotera mavhotera, kuvhotera , kuvhota kwamabhata, nokupfigwa kwenzvimbo dzokuvhotapo munzvimbo dzamapo dzinotyisidzira zvikuru munzanga dzakarwiwa zvakasimba kuti dziwane kuvhote.

Vashandi vanoshanda nesimba kupedza idzi denho nokutsigira ruramisiro. Mapoka akadai seAmerican Civil Liberties Union (ACLU), NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund, Southern Poverty Law Center, uye Human Rights Campaigment inoita kuti ipinde murusaniso, inyandure, uye dzidzo yavose kudzivirira nokuwedzera rusununguko rwevagari vemo. Kukwira kwemitemo yemitemo kwakagadzirawo zvishandiso zvitsva zvokuronga nokupfuudza manzwi, kunyange zvazvo kuchipawo denho dzokunzvera, kunetsa, kunetsa, uye mashoko asina kururama. Kurwisa kwekodzero dzavagari vemo hakutongovikirwa; chizvarwa chimwe nechimwe chinofanira kusimbisazve uye kudzivirira kodzero dzevagari vemo.

Kukosha Kwedzidzo Mururamisiro Yenzanga

Dzidzo inoita basa rinokosha mukusimudzira ruramisiro yenzanga nokutsigira simba remasangano erusununguko rwevagari vemo. Nokudzidzisa nhau nokusimudzira kuziva pamusoro perwisano nokuda kwokuenzana, vadzidzi vanogona kupa vadzidzi simba rokunzwisisa mavambo ekusaruramisira kwepanguva ino uye kuva vatsigiri vezvirongwa zvokuchinja. Nzira dzinokosha dzinosanganisira kubatanidza mifungo yakasiyana - siyana mudzidzo, kuva nechokwadi chokuti zvinoitika uye mipiro yenzanga dzakaganhurirwa hazvirangarirwi semashoko omuzasi asi sechinhu chikuru kunhau yeAmerica; kukurudzira kufunga nokukurukurirana pamusoro penhau dzakaoma kunzwisisa, ropafadzo, uye kusaenzana kwetsika; uye kusimudzira kuvimbisana nokudzidza mabasa okunyoresa, kunyoresa, kunyoresa, uye mabanza evadzidzi okukurukurirana nevarongidza vanhu venzanga uye vagadziri.

Dzidzo inosanganisirawo kudzidzisa unyanzvi hwokuita basa rehurumende inosarudzwa nevanhu: kunyora kuvakuru vakuru vakasarudzwa, nzira yokuronga nayo musangano, nzira yokutaura pachena, kuyera manyuko emashoko nenzira yokungwarira. Zvikoro namayunivhesiti zvine musengwa kwete bedzi wokuparadzira zivo asi wokusakurira miitiro yemwoyo nepfungwa zvinotsigira hurumende inosarudzwa navanhu. Vadzidzi pavanodzidza nezveushingi hwevatsigiri vekodzero dzevanhu, kungwara kwebasa, kana kuti kupfuurira kwevakadzi kunyora mabhuku, vanosvika pakuzviona sechimwe chinhu chenhau inopfuurira yokutamburira nokufambira mberi.

Kupfuurirazve, dzidzo inofanira kuva inosvikwa kuna vose. Kurwa kwemari yechikoro inowirirana, mugumo wepaipi yechikoro kuenda kutorongo, uye dziviriro yevadzidzi vanotaura norusununguko namaruramiro omunhu oga inhau dzerusununguko rwevagari vemo vamene. Masangano akadai seTheing Treating Treas (zvino Dzidza nokuda kweRuramisiro) uye Zinn Education Project [] inogovera zviwanikwa zvavadzidzisi vanotsvaka shanduro inobatanidza nhau yavanhu yose neyokutendeseka. Kupfurikidza nedzidzo, zvizvarwa zvomunguva yemberi zvinogona kupfuurira kurwira rusununguko rwavagari vemo neruramisiro namagariro azvo izvo nhamburiko dzavo dziri rutivi rwegamuchidzanwa refu.

mhedziso

Mirangariro yenhau pamusoro perusununguko rwevagari vemo namasangano eruramisiro zvenzanga inoratidza kurwisana kunopfuurira, kusina kupera nokuda kwokuenzana nekodzero dzevanhu. Kunzwisisa nhau iyi kunokosha kuti pave nenzanga yakarurama umo munhu wose anogona kubudirira. Nhau yerusununguko rwevagari vemo haisi kufambira mberi kubva pakudzvinyirirwa kuenda kurusununguko asi kutevedzana kwehondo dzakaoma kurwiwa, mhinganidzo, uye kukunda kusingachinjiki kunoda kungwarira nguva dzose kuti vadzivirire uye kutambanudzwa. Musangano mumwe nomumwe unovakirwa pane yokupedzisira, kukwereta, kudzidza kubva kuzvikanganiso, uye kupfuudzira miganhu yezvaifungwa nenzanga kuti inobvira.

Sezvatinotarisana nezvinetso zvenguva ino — miitiro yehurumende kupota nyika, kuderera kwetsika dzehurumende, kupfuurira kwekusaenzana kwedzinza neupfumi, uye tyisidziro itsva dzinoparirwa noruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu(jekita) tinowana simba nouchenjeri kubva kumasangano akauya pamberi pedu. Vadzori, mapepa ekodzero dzevagari vemo, vashandi vekodzero dzehurumende, LGBTQ+ vatsigiri, uye varongi vebasa vanotiyeuchidza kuti vanhuwo zvavo vanogona kuita chinjo yechienzi apo vanoronga, vanopfuurira, uye vanoda ruramisiro. Nguva yemberi yerusununguko rwavagari vemo inotsamira pakudisa kwedu kudzidza kubva munguva yakapfuura uye kuita chiito mumugariro wazvino uno. Chikamu chenhau hachisati chichichinjika kururamisiro ruramisiro yacho chimene; kunoda kuti tidaro.

Nokuda kwokuravazve, [[FLT: 0] Nhevedzo yeMarudzi [[FLT: 1] inogovera kusvika kuzvinyorwa zvenheyo zveAmerican democracy, nepo United Nations Rights Office yavanhu [ inopa rugwaro rwakazara nenhau yeUniversal Declaration of Human Rights. [[FLT:] LIBRATARY yeCongregation Common Rights History Project [ inochengeta nhau dzinotaurwa dzaavo vakararama kupfurikidza nesangano racho, vachivimbisa kuti nhau dzavo dzirambe dziripo nokuda kwezvizvarwa zvinouya.