Table of Contents

Chiziviso cheKuzvimirira chinomira serimwe ramagwaro akakura zvikurusa munhau yavanhu. Kugamuchirwa kwouyu rugwaro rwakachinja kwakaita zvakawanda zvikuru kupfuura kuzivisa kuparadzana kwemaruwa eAmerica neGreat Britain. Chakaumba gadziriro youzivi yakakwana yaizoumba kukura kwehurumende yeAmerica namasangano ehurumende yehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu munyika yose kwamazana amakore anouya. Kunzwisisa kuti Mutemo wacho wakaisa nheyo yehurumende yeAmerica kunoda kunzvera sei nheyo dzawo huru, mashoko enhau, uye pesvedzero inogarisa pakutonga kwemitemo.

Nheyo Yenhau Nechisiko Chokuzivisa

Pana June 7, 1776, Richard Henry Lee akaunza yakasvika pakunzi Resolution pamberi peContinental Congress, achiti “Idzi United Colonies dzinofanira kuva, dzakasununguka uye dzakazvimirira. Pashure pokunge Congress akurukura kuzvimirira kwamazuva anoverengeka, Dare raJohn Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Roger Sherman, Robert R. Livingston, naThos Jefferson (rakaro) rakapiwa basa rokunyora Gwaratidzo reCreancial, uye rakapa basa rokunyorera Jefferson.

Achishandisa magwaro, akadai seVirginia Declaration of Rights, hurumende nomunzvimbomo zvinoraira kuzvimirira, uye kunyora kwake amene bumbiro romutemo weVirginia, Jefferson akanyora kutaura kunoshamisa kwekodzero dzavarwi vehurumende yokupandukira hurumende yeBritain ndokutanga mavambo avo vamene pamurangariro wokuti vanhu vose vakasikwa vakaenzana uye vane maruramiro asingataurwi oupenyu, rusununguko, uye kurondwa kwomufarwa. Kunyora kwaJefferson kwakapes apesvedzerwa naGeorge Mason’s Virginia Declaration of Rights, pamwe chete nefundo yake yerondedzero yekodzero dzomusikirwo namanyoro aJohn Locke, kubatanidza Trectes of Govern.

Muitiro wokunyora waibatanidza kushanda pamwe nokudzokororwa kwokungwarira. Franklin naAdams vakaronga kunyorwa kwaJefferson, uye gwaro rokupedzisira rakapiwa kuCongress anenge mavhiki maviri gare gare. Pana July 2, 1776, Continental Congress yakavhota kuzivisa kuzvimirira kubva kuEngland, uye Congress yakaita chinjo dzinoverengeka kukuita kuti Jefferson agadziriswe, kubatanidza kubvisa nongedzero dzinoshurikidza uranda, Declaration of Independence isati yagamuchirwa pana July 4, 1776.

Mavambo Edzidziso Dzenhema: Kodzero Dzevanhu uye Pfungwa Yokujekerwa

Chinjo yeAmerica neHondo yeKuzvimirira zvakatevera zvakanga zviri muuyo weNjereso, sangano rechi17 ramazera roungwaru muEurope iro rakanyandura pfungwa itsva pamusoro porudzi rwomunhu, sayenzi, hurumende, maruramiro avanhu nokurangarira zvakabatanidzwa nepfungwa yorusaruraganda. Muzivi anopesvedzera zvikurusa weEurope paChinjo yeAmerica akanga ari John Locke, uyo pakupera kwezana ramakore rechi17 akakudza mufungo webvumirano yenzanga pakati paavo vanotongwa naavo vanotonga, uye uzivi hwaLocle ye "chibvumirano chenzanga" zvakapesvedzera zvikuru Thomas Jefferson nepesvedzero yayo muKuzivisa Kuzvitonga.

Chitendero chouzivi cheChiziviso chakabva mumagamuchidzanwa akawanda oungwaru. Ishe Kames akagovera hwaro hwouzivi hwechitsama chemashoko chinoti "chitsvakiso chomufarwa," icho chaidiwa naJefferson sekodzero inotanhamarika yorudzi rwomunhu muDeclaration of Independence. Kupfurikidza nokubvuma kwaJefferson amene, Chiratidzo chacho chakanga chisina pfungwa dzapakuvamba, asi panzvimbo pezvo chakanga chiri kutaura kwemirangariro yakagoveranwa zvikuru navatsigiri veChinjo yeAmerica, sezvaakatsanangura muna 1825: "Kusaisa kunangidzira pamavambo enheyo kana kuti pfungwa, kana kuti kunyora kubva mumashoko api naapi akapfuura, chakanga chakaitirwa kuva kutaura kwendangariro yendangariro yeAmerica.

Thomas Paine, kabhuku kaCommon Sense, kakabudiswa muna 1776, kakapesvedzera vagadziri veDeclaration of Independence, sokutaura kwakaita Paine muchidimbu kuti vanhuwo zvavo vaikwanisa kuzvitonga uye vakanga vasingafaniri kutungamirirwa nemukuru mukuru ane korona. Iyi pfungwa yokuchinja yaipikisa gamuchidzanwa remadzimambo uye yakatanga hwaro hwoungwaru hweuchangamire hwakakurumbira.

Zvikamu Zvitatu Zvinokosha Zveziviso Yacho

Chiratidzo chacho chaiva nezvikamu zvitatu: kutaura kwose kwose kwerondedzero yekodzero dzomusikirwo nechinangwa chehurumende; ndaza yezvinyunyuto pamusoro paMambo weBritain; uye ziviso yokuzvimirira kubva kuEngland. chikamu chimwe nechimwe chakabatira donzo rakasiyana mukuvaka nhau yacho nokuda kwokuzvimirira uye kugadza nheyo nokuda kwokudzora kwomunguva yemberi.

Mashoko Okutanga: Zvokwadi Dzounyengeri Nekodzero Dzemuzvarirwo

Chiziviso chakakurumbira zvikurusa chinotaura nheyo dzinokosha idzo dzingava chinhu chikuru chouzivi hwezvamatongerwe enyika hweAmerica. Rugwaro runoti: "Tinorangarira idzi zvokwadi kuva dzinooneka, kuti vanhu vose vakasikwa vakaenzana, kuti vakapiwa noMusiki wavo nekodzero dzakati dzisingachinjiki, kuti pakati paidzodzi pane Upenyu, Rusununguko nokurondwa kwomufarwa..[1] Kuchengeta idzi maruramiro, Hurumende dzinogadzwa pakati paMarume, dzinowana masimba avo akarurama kubva mukubvumira kwavadzorwi.

Chechipiri, rakazivisa kuti hurumende dziripo chaizvoizvo kuti dzidzivirire kodzero idzi. Chechitatu, rakazivisa kuti chiremera chehurumende chinotorwa mukubvuma kutongwa nevanhu, kwete mukodzero dzaMwari kana kuti ropafadzo yokuberekwa nayo.

Kubvuma kunogona bedzi kureva kubvuma hurumende iyo chaizvoizvo inoita kuti vanhu vave nekodzero dzomusikirwo, kuonga Musiki wavo, vasati vaumba hurumende yacho, uye kana vangosabvumiranazve nehurumende yavo nemhaka yokuti haisati ichabatirazve donzo iro hurumende inofanira kuva naro, kwete bedzi tine maruramiro okuichinja kana kuti kuiparadza, tinewo maruramiro, kunyange musengwa, wokuumba hurumende itsva.

Kunyora Nesimba

Chikamu chapakati cheChibvumirano chacho chaipa ndaza ine udzame yezvichemo mukurwisana naMambo George III, ichinyora zvinoitika chaizvo zvomufambiro unodzvinyirira. izvi zvinyunyuto zvakabatira madonzo akawanda: zvakaruramisa kuparadzana kwamakoroni kuBritain, zvakagovera ufakazi hwedzvinyiriro yakarongeka, uye zvakaenzanisira izvo hurumende yapamutemo isingafaniri kuita.

Pazvinhu zvakawanda zvaitaurwa pamusoro penyaya idzi, varwi vaipomera Mambo kuti aiva nemhosva dzakasiyana - siyana.Ziviso yacho yakapomera kuti "Akabatanidzwa nevamwe kuti tizviise pasi pomutemo wedu wokumwe, uye haana kubvuma mitemo yedu; anobvuma mabasa ake okunzi Mutemo: Kudzivirira mapoka makuru emauto akashongedzerwa pakati pedu: Kudzivirira, nokupa mhosva yokunyepedzera, pakuranga vaurayi vapi nevapi vavanofanira kuuraya vagari veNyika idzi: Kuparadza Kutengesa kwedu nemativi ose enyika.

Makore anopfuura 20 gare gare, Mitemo Yepiri, Yechitatu, Yechina, uye Yechitanhatu yeBumbiro Remitemo yaizova neganhuriro dzinorambidza hurumende kudzivisa zvimiro zvimwe chetezvo zvoudzvinyiriri sezvakarongwa sezvichemo.Izvozvi tsinhirano zvakananga inoratidzira kuti chinyorwa cheChibvumirano cheMitemo yokushandisa zvisina kufanira kweBritain chakapesvedzera sei zvakananga dziviriro dzakananga dzakazoiswa muBill of Rights.

Chiziviso Chokuzvimirira Icho Pachacho

Chikamu chokupedzisira chakazivisa nenzira yakarongwa kuparadzanisa kwehurumende neGreat Britain. Vamiriri vakazivisa kuti aya maColonies eUnited Union anofanira kuva akasununguka neEndependent States; kuti akanyungudutswa kubva muMubatanidzwa wose weBritain, uye kuti batano yose yezvamatongerwe enyika pakati pawo neHurumende yeGreat Britain, ndeyekuti inofanira kuparadzwa chose chose; uye kuti saMagariro nePentecodent States, iwo ane Simba rakazara rerevy, anogumisa rugare, anoumba maUngano, uye kuita mamwe mabasa ose naZvinhutuko izvo nyika inomirira ingaita zvakarurama.

Nheyo Dzemacore Dzakaumba Hurumende yeAmerica

Uchangamire Hwakakurumbira: Hurumende Inobvumira

Chiziviso Chokuzvimirira chakasimbisa nheyo yerepublic yehurumende yakakurumbira, sezvo vanhu vakanga vari manyuko ouchangamire hwose, kana kuti chiremera, muhurumende inomirira.Iyi nheyo yakamirira kubva kukuru mugadziriro dzakapararira dzehurumende muzana ramakore rechi 18, umo madzimambo akatsvaka chiremera kupfurikidza nekodzero yaMwari kana kuti nhevedzano yenhaka.

Mufungo wouchangamire hwakakurumbira wakagadza kuti simba rehurumende rapamutemo rinokwira richibva kuvanhu panzvimbo pekudzika kubva kuboka ramambo kana kuti rinodzora. Iyi nheyo yenheyo yaizobatanidzwa zvakajeka gare gare mumashoko okuzarura eBumbiro reMitemo: "Isu Vanhu." Suguarry kuBumbiro remitemo rakaratidzira kuti hurumende itsva yebumbiro remitemo yaifanira kuvakirwawo paiyi nheyo youchangamire hwakakurumbira, ichiti "Isu Vanhu veUnited States, muRounding kuumba mubatanidzwa wakakwana zvikuru," kwakareva kuti vanhu veUnited States, kupfurikidza navamiriri vavo, yaisimbisa iyi hurumende itsva.

Kodzero Dzevanhu uye Kuenzana

Donzo guru reChiziviso Chorusununguko rakanga riri rokugadza nhevedzano yakarurama yezvamatongerwe enyika iyo yaibvuma kuenzana kwavanhu mumaruramiro omuzvarirwo nokuda kwavanhu vose. Kutaura kwokuti "vanhu vose vanosikwa vakaenzana" kwakava chimwe chezvitsama zvine simba zvikurusa uye zvinokwikwidzana munhau yeAmerica.

Zvisinei, revo yemashoko aya yachinja zvikuru nokufamba kwenguva. Apo Jefferson akanyora kuti “vanhu vose vakasikwa vakaenzana" musumo yeChiziviso chacho, akanga asiri kutaura pamusoro pokuenzana kwomunhu oga; chaaireva chaizvoizvo chakanga chiri chokuti vagari vomuAmerica, savanhu, vaiva nekodzero dzimwe chetedzo dzokuzvitonga savamwe vanhu, uye nokudaro vaigona kuzivisa kuzvitonga, kuumba hurumende itsva ndokutora nzvimbo yavo yakaenzana neyakaenzana pakati pamamwe marudzi.

Asi pashure pokunge Chinjo yabudirira, vaAmerica vakavamba kurava mashoko iwayo akakurumbira neimwe nzira; zvino akava kutaura kwokuenzana kwomunhu mumwe nomumwe nomutezo uri wose weboka rakanyimwa waigona kutaura nokuda kwake amene kana kuti iye amene, uye nechizvarwa chimwe nechimwe chinopfuura, murangariro wedu wokuti ndiani anofukidza mashoko iwayo wakawedzera. uku kududzira kwakasunda kuparadzwa, kodzero dzavakadzi, maruramiro avagari vemo, uye rwisano dzinopfuurira nokuda kwouenzani.

Kodzero Yokumukira

Chiziviso chacho chakagadza kwete bedzi maruramiro avanhu asi basa ravanhu rokuchinja kana kuti kubvisa hurumende dzinokundikana kudzivirira maruramiro adzo omuzvarirwo. Iyi nheyo yokumukira kunoruramiswa zvichida yakanga iri rutivi rukurusa rwegwaro racho. Yakataura kuti apo hurumende inova inoparadza migumisiro yayakasikwa nokuda kwayo ($__hino mazita, inochengeta maruramiro omusikirwo ekodzero dzokuichinja.)

Iyi nheyo yakava nerevo huru nokuda kwokudzora kwomunguva yemberi. Kwakareva kuti chiremera chehurumende chaitsamira pamigariro, kwete chose chose. Vakuru vakuru vaiva nesimba bedzi sezvo vaitonga zvakarurama uye nokubvumira kwavadzorwi. Uyu murangariro waizopesvedzera kutanga kwemiitiro yebumbiro remitemo nokuda kwechinjo ine rugare, kubatanidza sarudzo yenguva dzose, miitiro yokugadziridza, uye miitiro yokusawirirana.

Hurumende Yakaganhurirwa

Kupfurikidza nokusimbisa kuti hurumende dziripo bedzi kuti dzichengetedze maruramiro omuzvarirwo, Chibvumirano chacho chaiganhurirwa chose chose simba rehurumende. Hurumende yakanga isiri mugumo machiri chimene asi mutoo wokudzivirira nawo rusununguko rwomunhu oga. Iyi nheyo yaizooneka gare gare murondedzero yeBumbiro remitemo yamasimba akati, kuparadzana kwamasimba pakati pamapazu matatu, uye gadziriro yechekedzo nedzinodzikano zvakagadzirirwa kudzivisa chinhu chipi nechipi kuwana chiremera chikuru zvikuru.

Pesvedzero Yeziviso Pakukura Kwebumbiro reMitemo

Kubva Pakuzivisa Kuenda Kunyaya Dzomubatanidzwa

Nyika dzakanga dzichangobva kuumbwa dzaida gadziriro yokutonga kwenyika.Ziviso yacho yakazivisa kuzvimirira kubva kuGreat Britain ndokutanga rudzi rutsva rwaitaura kuti masimba okuzivisa ndokurwa hondo, kuita zvibvumirano zvorugare, kutanga mibatanidzwa namamwe marudzi, uye kutengesa nedzimwe nyika, uye Congress yakaronga aya masimba muchinyorwa chinodzora chinonzi Theats of Confederation, icho chakaumba hurumende yenyika yokutanga yeUnited States.

Zvisinei, Nyaya dzacho dzakakundikana nenzira inoshamisa, kwete zvikurukuru nemhaka yokukanganiswa kwakati kwokushaya mukuru mukuru wehurumende kana kuti mutongi wenyika, asi nemhaka yokuti dzakakundikana kuzadzika zvipikirwa zvinokosha zveChibvumirano, sezvo Declaration yakanga yazivisa kuti hurumende dziripo kuti dzichengetedze kodzero dzevanhu dzokuzvarwa nadzo pahwaro hwokubvumirana kwakakurumbira, uye Nyaya dzacho hadzina kuita zvinobudirira.

Kokorodzano yeBumbiro reMitemo Nenheyo Dzemutemo

Bumbiro reMitemo rakabuda serinofanira kutsiviwa, rakagadzirirwa zvikurukuru kuita gadziriro yaizoziva zvomenemene chiono cheChiratidzo. Vagadziri vakaungana muPhiladelphia muna 1787 vakatsvaka kuumba gadziriro yehurumende yaizobatanidza nheyo dzakarongwa muna 1776 vachikurukura kundikano dzinoshanda dzeMitemo yeConferation.

Chinokosha zvikuru ndechokuti, Mutemo, Bumbiro Remitemo, uye Bill of Rights zvakavakirwa papfungwa yokuti vanhu vose vane dzimwe kodzero dzinokosha idzo hurumende dzakasikwa kuti dzidzivirire.

Nheyo dzeChiziviso Chorusununguko dzakazivisa kuumbwa kwehurumende itsva pasi peBumbiro Romutemo, uye pamwe chete, nheyo dzapachivande dziri muzvinyorwa zvacho dzakashanda pamwe chete kutungamirira kudzora kworudzi rwacho kuti dziwane zvikomborero zvorusununguko.

Chidzitiro chendarama chaLincoln

Purezidhendi Abraham Lincoln akagovera imwe yetsananguro dzakasimba zvikurusa dzeukama pakati peChiziviso neBumbiro reMitemo. Achishandisa dimikira reBhaibheri, Lincoln akataura kuti Chiziviso Chokuzvimirira chakanga chiri "mupfudze wendarama" nemhaka yokuti chaiva nenheyo dzokuvakwa kwenyika itsva, nepo Bumbiro reMitemo rakanga riri "chigadzirwa chesirivha," kana kuti puro yakapoteredza puro yakaumba zvivako zvehurumende yeRepublic, uye mundangariro yaLincoln (*) uye mune idzo dzavavavavambi vehurumende yacho yerusununguko (manyoro) magwaro maviri akabatanidzwa zvechigarire mukuumba hurumende yakasununguka.

Achishandisa Zvirevo 25: 11, iyo inodudza kuti "maapri andarama mumifananidzo yesirivha," Lincoln akarondedzera nheyo yeChiziviso yorusununguko kuna vose seapuro yendarama, neBumbiro reMitemo neUnion zvinobatira sechikamu chesirivha, kunyora kuti "Mufanikiso wacho wakaitwa kuvanza kana kuti kuparadza apuro, asi kuishongedza nokuichengetedza. Iyi dimikira rakasimbisa kuti zvivako zveBumbiro reMitemo zvaivapo kuti zvidzivirire nokushandisa nheyo dzeChibvumirano, kwete kuzvitsiva kana kuzvitsiva.

Gadziriro Chaidzo dzeBumbiro reMitemo Dzakatangwa Muziviso

Mashoko Okutanga

Kusanoraviwa kweChiziviso Chorusununguko uye Sumo kuBumbiro reMitemo kunozivisa gadziriro yavose yokuwana nheyo dzehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu. Sumo yeBumbiro reMitemo inosimbisa zvinangwa zvinoratidzira zvakananga uzivi hweChibvumirano: kugadza ruramisiro, kuvimbisa rugare rwemhuri, kugovera dziviriro yavose, kusimudzira garikano yose, uye kuchengetedza zvikomborero zvorusununguko.

Chiziviso chacho chakasimudzira garikano yose zvayo kupfurikidza nokutaura nheyo yapose pose yokuti vose vaifanirwa zvakaenzana nekodzero dzisingataurwi — kodzero dzavo sevanhu — uye chakasimbisawo nheyo yehurumende yakasununguka yokudzivirira kodzero idzodzo, sezvo vaAmerica vakazivisa kuzvimirira senzira yokugumisa nayo udzvinyiriri uye kugamuchira nheyo idzodzo dzakasununguka nokuda kwezvose zviri zviviri zvakanaka zvomunhu nezvakanaka zvake.

Bhuku Rekodzero

Kugadziridza gumi kwokutanga kuBumbiro reMitemo, rinozivikanwa seBill of Rights, kunomirira kushandiswa kwakananga kwenheyo dzeChiziviso kuganhuriro chakananga dzehurumende. Dzakawanda dzedzidziviriro dzinodavidza zvakananga kuzvichemo zvakarongwa muChiziviso chinorwisana naMambo George III.

Virginia Declaration of Rights yakapesvedzera Thomas Jefferson zvakasimba mukunyora rutivi rwokutanga rweChiziviso Chorusununguko, uye gare gare chakagovera hwaro hweBill of Rights. Iyi mutsara unoratidzira rutivi runopfuurira rwokufunga kwakavakirwa pamagwaro ekodzero dzehurumende kupfurikidza neChiziviso kugadziridzo yeBumbiro reMitemo.

Bhishopi yekodzero dzinodzivirira rusununguko rwokutaura, chitendero, mapepanhau, uye gungano; inorambidza kunzvera kusina mufungo nepfari; inovimbisa muitiro wakafanira nokutonga kunoitwa nedare rinobetsera vatongi; uye masimba anochengeterwa kuhurumende navanhu. Imwe neimwe yedziviriro idzi inoratidzira murangariro mukuru weChiziviso chokuti vanhu vane maruramiro okuberekwa nawo ayo hurumende inofanira kuremekedza.

Kuchengetedza Kunoita Zvivako

Zvikamu zvokuvakwa kweBumbiro reMitemo (*) kuganhurirwa kwemasimba, kunzvera nokudzikamisa, hurumende, uye kusarudza kwenguva dzose(zvinobatira kushandisa nheyo dzeChibvumirano. Izvi zvinovimbisa kuti hurumende inoramba yakaganhurirwa, ine mutoro, uye inogamuchira kuvanhu.

Kuparadzaniswa kwemasimba emitemo, ehurumende, uye edare kunodzivisa kuiswa pasi kwechiremera icho Chiziviso chakashurikidzwa muna King George III. Gadziriro yecheki nedzikamo zvinovimbisa kuti bazi rimwe nerimwe rinogona kudzora kubatwa zvisina kufanira kunobvira navamwe.

Kutemwa Kwemutemo Nokududzira Kwezvibvumirano

Simba Repamutemo Nedudziro Yebumbiro remitemo

Kusiyana nemamwe magwaro okutanga, Chiziviso Chorusununguko hachisungiswi zviri pamutemo, asi chine simba.

Chiziviso Chorusununguko hachina simba romutemo muvagari vemo, asi kunyanguvezvo chingabetsera kugovera kujeka kwenhau nekwemitemo pamusoro peBumbiro remitemo nemimwe mitemo.Vatongi, nyanzvi, uye vatungamiriri vezvamatongerwe enyika kazhinji kazhinji vakatendeukira kuChibvumirano chacho kuti vanzwisise nheyo dziri pasi pegadziriro dzebumbiro remitemo uye kupedza kusarura mhaka mukududzirwa kwapamutemo.

Chiratidzo neBumbiro Remitemo zvinotanga mipimo yebumbiro remitemo inobatanidza, sezvo inoverengeka yendima dzeChibvumirano ichi ichi ichijekesa zvinoreva chizvarwa chakatanga, zvichiita kuti gwaro racho rive chishandiso chinovaka chokukamuranisa revo yeBumbiro Remitemo, uyezve, Chibvumirano chacho chine nheyo dzinokosha dzokuita zvinangwa, mabasa, uye mabasa ehurumende, nenheyo idzodzo dzichiisa miganhu nemisengwa inorema pavakuru vakuru vakuru vehurumende.

Kunzwisisa Nhau Nedzidziso Yokutanga

Nokuda kwaavo vanodudzira Bumbiro reMitemo mukuwirirana nerevo yaro yapakuvamba, Chiziviso chinogovera mashoko akapoteredza anokosha. Kunzwisisa icho chizvarwa chakavamba chaireva namashoko akadai se "berty," "requence," uye "racs" kunoda kunzvera kuumbwa kweiyi Mitemo.

Bumbiro reMitemo pacharo rinogovera zvibvumikiso pamusoro peukama hwaro neChibvumirano, seChikamu VII, icho chinokurukura kubviswa, chinotsinhira kuti Bumbiro Remitemo rakapedzwa "mugore raShe wedu 1787 uye rokuzvimirira kweUnited States kwechigumi namaviri," uye urwu udzame hunoratidzika kuva huduku hunosimbisa chimwe chinhu chinokosha: America senzanga yezvamatongerwe enyika yakavamba muna 1776 neDeclaration of Independence, kwete muna 1787 neBumbiro reMitemo.

Chiziviso Chinowedzera

Kudzingwa uye Hondo Yevagari Vomunyika

Muzana remakore rechi19, Mutemo wacho wainyanya kukosha nokuda kwesangano rokurambidza kuparadzwa kwehurumende, sokunyora kwakaita munyori wenhau Bertram Wyatt - Brown kuti “vazivi vezvitendero vaifarira kududzira Kuzivisa Kuzvimirira sechinyorwa chechitendero uye chezvamatongerwe enyika, uye vatungamiriri vezvokubvisa hurumende vaBenjamin Lundy naWilliam Lloyd Garrison vakagamuchira“ matombo ekwin" e "Bhaibheri neSiratidzo" sehwaro hweuzivi hwavo.

Abraham Lincoln akaita Chiziviso chacho chinhu chikuru kukushora kwake kukura kwouranda. Lincoln akadavira kuti "Mitemo yeJefferson irondedzero nemhesano dzenzanga yakasununguka," sezvaakanyora chinguvana pamberi pezuva rokuberekwa kwaJefferson muna 1859. Lincoln akarangarira kuti kubvumira uranda kufutunurwa kwakaputsa chipikirwa chikuru cheChiratidzo chokuenzana.

Pashure pehondo, chiono cheZiviso chaibatanidzwa muDzidziro yechi13, yechi14, uye yechi15 yeMitemo kuBumbiro reMitemo, iyo yakagumisa nenzira yapamutemo uranda, yakavimbisa vanhu vose ku "dziviriro yakaenzana yemitemo," uye akapa varume veAfrica neAmerica maruramiro okuvhota. Iyi Reformationmented yaimirira zadziko yebumbiro remitemo revimbisoumeriso youenzani.

Kodzero Dzavakadzi Nechirango

PaSeneca Falls Convention muna 1848, apo vatsigiri vokuwana maruramiro makuru zvikuru nokuda kwavakadzi vakasangana, ivowo, vakashandisa Declaration of Independence senhungamiro yokunyora Saption of Sentiments yavo, uye nhamburiko dzavo dzokuwana chibvumirano chakaenzana dzakaguma muna 1920 mukusimbiswa kweMwedzero yeChine 19, iyo yakapa vakadzi maruramiro okuvhota.

Seneca Falls Declaration of Sentiments yakadzokorora noune mutauro weChibvumirano wa1776, ichisimbisa kuti "varume navakadzi vose vanosikwa vakaenzana" uye kuronga zvichemo munzanga yavanhurume yakadzorwa sokuronga kwakanga kwaita Kuzivisa kwapakuvamba zvichemo pamusoro paMambo George III. Iyi nzira yokusada kuziva yakaratidzira simba renheyo dzeChibvumirano kukurudzira masangano nokuda kwamaruramiro akawedzerwa.

Boka Rekodzero Dzevagari Vemo

Sangano rekodzero dzevanhu repakati pezana remakore rechi20 rakashandisawo zvipikirwa zveChibvumirano ichi. Pama1960, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. akataura muhurukuro yake yakakurumbira paChirangaridzo cheLincoln kuti, “Apo vagadziri vehurumende yedu vakanyora mashoko akaisvonaka eBumbiro remitemo uye Declaration of Independence, vakanga vachisaina tsamba yairatidza kuti muAmerica wose aizowa.

Dr. King’s diginifini ye "prositorpoint" yakatora revo inopfuurira yeChibvumirano. Gwaro rakaitwa kuti zvizvarwa zvakatevera zvishande kuzadzika zvakakwana. Sangano rimwe nerimwe rekodzero dzakawedzerwa rakaita kuti zvive nyore kutaura kweChibvumirano chokuenzana nekodzero dzomusikirwo sezvinoruramisa kuchinja.

Kupesvedzera Kwenyika Dzose uye Nhaka

Kukurudzira Masangano Ehurumende Munyika Yose

Abraham Lincoln akadana Chiziviso chacho kuti “kutuka uye chigumbuso kuudzvinyiriri nedzvinyiriro," uye chinopfuurira kunyandura vanhu kupota nyika yose kurwira rusununguko nokuenzana. Nheyo dzeChibvumirano chacho dzakapesvedzera masangano okuchinja nezvinoitwa nebumbiro remitemo kure nemhenderekedzo dzeAmerica.

Vatungamiriri vakawanda veChinjo yeFrance vakayemura Ziviso Yokuzvimirira asi vaifarirawo bumbiro remitemo idzva reAmerica, uye kufuridzirwa uye zviri muMutemo weFrench Wekodzero Dzevanhu noweChigarika (1789) zvakabuda zvikurukuru mupfungwa dzeChinjo yeAmerica, sezvo Lafayette akagadzira mapepa ayo makuru, achishanda pedyo muParis neshamwari yake Thomas Jefferson.

Maererano nowezvenhau David Armitage, Chiziviso Chorusununguko chakabvumikisa kuva chinopesvedzera munyika yose, asi kwete sekutaura kwamaruramiro avanhu, seizvo Armitage anotaura kuti Chiziviso chacho chakanga chiri chokutanga mubvumirano itsva yokuzvimirira iyo yakazivisa kuvambwa kwenyika itsva. Uyu muenzaniso wokuzivisa nenzira yapamutemo kuzvimirira uye kuchiruramisa kupfurikidza nokukwirira nheyo dzapose pose chakava mutevedzeri wamasangano okuzvimirira munyika yose.

Chinyorwa Chipenyu Chokufuridzira Kwehurumende

Mumaoko aLincoln, Chiziviso Chokuzvimirira chakava chinyorwa chipenyu chokutanga uye chikurusa chine nharidzano dzinofanira kuzadzikwa nokufamba kwenguva. Iyi dudziro inoziva kuti Chiziviso chakavamba mirangariro iyo nzanga isina kutongowana zvakakwana asi iyo inogovera mipimo yokuvavarira kwairi.

Ivimbiso iyoyo yokuenzana iyo yagara ichirondedzera chitendero chedu chebumbiro remitemo. Nheyo dzeChibvumirano chinopfuurira kushanda sechiyereso chinoyera icho vaAmerica vanoyera nacho mitemo yavo, masangano, uye miitiro. Apo zvokwadi inokundikana mirangariro yeChibvumirano, vachinji vanoraira nheyo idzodzo kuraira chinjo.

Mirangariro yeHurumende Yakagadzwa Neziviso Yacho

Chiziviso Chokuzvimirira chakaumba kana kuti kusimbisa pfungwa dzinoverengeka dzinokosha dzakava dzinokosha kuhurumende yeAmerica:

Uchangamire Hwakakurumbira

Pane kubvuma kuti vatongi vane simba rakagarwa nhaka, Mutemo wacho wakataura kuti vanhu ndivo vanoumba hurumende uye vanogona kudzichinja kana kudzibvisa apo vanokundikana kuita chinangwa chavo chakakodzera.

Hurumende Yakaganhurirwa

Nokurondedzera chinangwa chehurumende sechinochengetedza kodzero dzemusikirwo, Mutemo wacho wakasimbisa kuti simba rehurumende rinofanira kugumira pabasa iroro.

Kuparadzana Kwesimba

Nepo isina udzame zvakajeka muChiziviso, mufungo wokuparadzanisa mabasa ehurumende wakabuda mudariro reSimbiso yesimba guru. Zvinyunyuto mukurwisana naMambo George III zvakasimbisa ngozi dzokubatanidza mitemo, mutungamiriri, uye chiremera chokutonga mumunhu mumwe kana kuti muviri. Kukamuranisa masimba kweBumbiro remitemo pakati pamapazu matatu kwakagamuchira zvakananga izvi zvainetsa.

Makeja Nedzikamo

Gadziriro yecheki nedzikamo inoshandisa nheyo yeSimbiso yokuti simba rinofanira kudzorwa. Kupfurikidza nokupa bazu rimwe nerimwe rehurumende mano okuganhurira mamwe, Bumbiro reMitemo rakaumba gadziriro yakarongedzerwa kudzivisa rudzi rwoudzvinyiriri Mutemo unoshurikidzwa.

Kodzero Yomunhu Mumwe Nomumwe

Kutaura kwekodzero dzisingataurwi kwakabvumikisa kuti vanhu vane chiremera chomuzvarirwo norusununguko izvo hurumende inofanira kuremekedza. nheyo iyi yakatungamirira zvakananga kuBill of Rights uye inopfuurira kuzivisa nharo pamusoro poukuru nechimiro chedziviriro dzebumbiro remitemo.

Kutonga kwoMutemo

Kupfurikidza nokufadza mutemo womuzvarirwo nenheyo dzapose pose panzvimbo pesimbawo zvaro, Chiziviso chacho chakasimbisa kuti hurumende yapamutemo inoshanda mukuwirirana nomutemo, kwete kupfurikidza nokuzvidira.

Matambudziko uye Kupikisana

Kuparadza Uranda

Kupokanidzana kwakajeka zvikurusa kweChibvumirano chacho kwakanga kuri kuvapo kwouranda murudzi rwakavakirwa panheyo yokuti vanhu vose vanosikwa vakaenzana. Thomas Jefferson akanyoresa chikamu muChiziviso, chakazotangwa neCongress, icho chakapomera umambo hweBritain nokuda kwokuisa uranda pavagari vomuAmerica vasingadi, kuchirondedzera se “hondo youtsinye mukurwisana norudzi rwomunhu. ”

Njodzi huru yenhau yemitemo yeAmerica yakanga isiri kukundikana kubvisa uranda muna 1787, sezvo chisarudzo ichocho chakanga chisati chichingowanika kwavari, asi ngwavaira chaiyoiyo yakanga iri kukundikana kwokugadziridzwazve uye kumuka kwapashure kwezana ramakore rechi19 kwaJim Crow Conversion kwakatora makumi amakore akawanda kuti itsindwe.

Mashoko anobva ku “Vanhu Vose ”

Chipikirwa chokuenzana chakatanga kubvisa kwete bedzi vanhu vakaiswa muuranda asiwo vakadzi, vaIndia, uye avo vasina zvinhu. Nhau yehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu yeAmerica yave iri, munzira dzakawanda, nhau yokufutunura rutivi rwe “vanhu vose vanosikwa vakaenzana.

Chizvarwa chimwe nechimwe chakarwisana nouku kusawirirana pakati pomutauro wapose pose weChiziviso nokushandiswa kwakaganhurirwa kwechizvarwa chokuvamba kwakaitirwa. Simba rechinyorwa chacho riri murutivi mumutauro wacho unoshuviwa, uyo wakagovera zvishandiso nokuda kwamapoka akabviswa kuraira kuvanzwa.

Ziviso Mukutonga Kwenguva Ino

Kukwidziridzwa Kunharo Dzebumbiro Remitemo Kunopfuurira

Dare parinofunga nezverusununguko, kuenzana, kana kuti simba rehurumende, nheyo dzeMutemo wacho dzinowanzopa mashoko akakodzera uye nhungamiro.

Nharo pamusoro porusununguko rworudzidziso, kutaura kwakasununguka, kodzero dzezvinhu, uye dziviriro yakaenzana kazhinji kazhinji dzinoda uzivi hweChibvumirano chekodzero dzomuzvarirwo. Nepo Mutemo wacho umene usingamanikidzwi pamutemo, nheyo dzawo dzinobetsera kududzira gadziriro dzebumbiro remitemo dziripo.

Dzidzo Yemibatanidzwa Nokuzivikanwa Kwenyika

Kunzwisisa Mutemo wacho kunoramba kuchikosha kuti vanhu vadzidze uye vazivikanwe nenyika yose.

Pasinei zvapo newirirano nemisiano, Chiziviso, Bumbiro reMitemo, uye Bill of Rights, zvakabatanidzwa pamwe chete mundangariro dzavaAmerica, nemhaka yokuti zvinomirira zvakanakisisa pamusoro peAmerica, sezvo zviri zviratidzo zvorusununguko runotibvumira kuwana budiriro uye zvokuenzana izvo zvinovimbisa kuti tose takaenzana mukuona kwomutemo.

Mupimo Wokubviswa Kwehurumende

Chiziviso chacho chinopa vagari vemo mipimo yokuyera basa rehurumende yavo. Hurumende inochengetedza kodzero dzomusikirwo here? Chinoshanda nokubvumira kwevanodzora here?

Mumunzveri weFederal No. 1, Alexander Hamilton akatsanangura donzo rose rokugadza hurumende yakasununguka yakavakirwa panheyo dzeChiziviso Chorusununguko neBumbiro Romutemo, achitaura kuti vaAmerica vaiva nomukana nomutoro wokuumba hurumende yakanaka kupfurikidza no "kusarudzwa nokusasarudza uye chisarudzo," kwete kupfurikidza no"kusarudza nesimba," uye mano okusarudza akaratidzira mirangariro yehurumende kupfurikidza nokubvumirana muChibvumirano chacho.

Mugumisiro: Nheyo Isingaperi

Chiziviso Chokuzvimirira chakaisa nheyo youzivi netsika nokuda kwehurumende yeAmerica munzira dzinopfuurira kunzwika anenge makore 250 gare gare.

Pamwe chete, aya magwaro anoratidzira kuti United States yakanga yakavakirwa nenzira yechienzi panheyo nemirangariro, uye kunyange zvazvo idzi mirangariro dzakaumba chimiro chehurumende, pakupedzisira zvakanga zviri kuvanhu kuti vazvichengete. Chibvumirano chacho hachina kutanga hurumende; chakajekesa madonzo ayo hurumende inofanira kuvapo nenheyo dzainofanira kushandisa.

Mutemo wacho wakazivisa nheyo; Bumbiro reMitemo rakagadzira zvinhu kuti rishandise nheyo idzodzo. Mutemo wakavimbisa kodzero; Bumbiro reMitemo neBill of Rights zvakadzitsanangura nokudzidzivirira. Chibvumirano chakaruramisa kuchinja; Bumbiro remitemo rakatanga nzira dzokuchinja kworugare.

Chiziviso chacho chinoshanda sepfundo rokusiya uye chipikirwa, uye Bumbiro Remitemo segadziriro yemisengwa iyo yaiva nemiuyo isingagumi, sezvo Ziviso, mukubatana kwayo kunoshamisa, inotipa zvokwadi dzinooneka idzo dzinoumba mavambo ekodzero yokuchinja uye simba rokuita hurumende itsva dzinotsamira pakubvumirana kwakakurumbira.

Kunzwisisa kuti Mutemo wacho wakaisa sei nheyo yehurumende yeAmerica kunoda kuziva zvose zviri zviviri tapuro yawo yapakarepo nepesvedzero inopfuurira. Wakaumba kusikwa kweBumbiro reMitemo, wakazivisa Bill of Rights, masangano akafuridzirwa nokuda kwekodzero dzakawedzerwa, uye unopfuurira kugovera nheyo dzokuyera pamutemo wehurumende. Chiratidzo cheHurumende inochengeta maruramiro echisiko kupfurikidza nokubvumira kwavadzorwi chinoramba chiri donzo rinopfuudzira rehurumende yeAmerica.

Nokuda kwaavo vanotsvaka kunzwisisa hurumende yeAmerica, Declaration of Independence haisi zvayo nhau yenhau asi kutaura kupenyu kwenheyo dzinopfuurira kuumba kududzira kwebumbiro remitemo, kurukurirano yezvamatongerwe enyika, uye kuzivikanwa kwenyika.

Kunzverazve Declaration of Independence, shanyira Nhevedzo yeNational Archives nokuda kwechinyorwa chapakuvamba namashoko ane udzame hwenhau. Constitution Center yerudzi [ inogovera zviteshi zvakaisvonaka pamusoro poukama pakati peDeclaration neBumbiro reMitemo. Nokuda kwokunzvera pesvedzero yeChibvumirano pahurumende yeAmerica, [[FLT:]] BILY yeH yeHWARO yeHWAROPI yeHAMU[[ inogovera zvinhu zvedzidzo nerondedzero dzinonzvera idzi magwaro okuvamba zvakadzadzwa.