Mapurisa anoisa chibvumikiso nokutsikirira zvinoumba mavambo emipimo yezvokuchengetedzwa kwomutemo wenyanzvi muUnited States yose. Zvirongwa izvi zvepamutemo zvinovimbisa kuti vakuru vakuru vane unyanzvi hunodikanwa, zivo, uye tsika dzinovakirwa kuti vabatire nzanga dzavo nenzira inobudirira uye yakakotsekana. Nepo murangariro wekunyora magwaro epamutemo uri munyika yose, nyika imwe neimwe inogadza mitemo yayo imene inodzora kuvakwa kwechibvumirano kwokutanga, kurovedzwa kunopfuurira, uye miitiro yokuvandudza. Uku kuoma kunoparira nzvimbo yakaoma inotapura rutivi rwuri rwose rwebasa, kuvambira pakurovharwa nokurovedzwa kukuva anozvidavirira nokufambidzana. Kunzwisisa iyi mitemo yehurumende inodikanwa nokuda kwamasangano emitemo, vagadziri, vagadziri vemitengi, uye vagari vemo zvakafanana.

Mavambo Ekubvumikiswa Namapurisa

Chibvumikiso chamapurisa chinowanzonongedzera kukuzivikanwa kwapamutemo kwokuti munhu akasvitsa rovedzo yakaderera nemipimo yakafanira kuti abatire somukuru mukuru wemitemo. Muhurumende zhinjisa, vimbiso inopiwa nemipimo yavakuru vakuru vorugare vehurumende nerovedzo yemubato (POST) kana kuti dare ramasangano akafanana. aya akagadza zvinodikanwa zvedzidzo, anotarisira zvikoro, uye anochengeta marekodhi ezvikwaniriso zvavapureri.

Muitiro wekunyora magwaro etende unowanzovamba nokupedzwa kwepurogiramu yerovedzo huru inotenderwa nehurumende. Iyi purogiramu yakaoma, kazhinji kazhinji inobatanidza misoro inoverengeka yakadai somutemo woutsotsi, nzira dzokuzvidzivirira nadzo, pfuti, mabasa emotokari dzekurumidziro, tsika, uye ukama hwenzanga. Hurumende zhinji dzinodawo vada vapindi kupfuudza kunzvera kwehurumende, kusimbisa kwomuviri, kunzvera kwendangariro, uye kunzvera kwakakwana. Kana izvi zvinodikanwa zvagutswa, mukuru mukuru anogamuchira gwaro rinovabvumira kushandisa masimba okusunga uye kutakura pfuti pabasa.

Kunokosha kucherekedza kuti kunyora tsamba hakusati kuri chinoitika chimwe. Varwi vanofanira kuchengeta gwaro ravo kupfurikidza nokuwirirana kunopfuurira nemipimo yehurumende, kubatanidza kubvumikiswazve kwapanhambo nenhambo uko kunosimbisa kukwanisa kwavo kunopfuurira. Kukundikana kusvitsa mipimo iyoyi kunogona kuguma nokubviswa kana kuti kubviswa kwegweta, kuchigumisa nenzira inobudirira basa rokuchengeta mutemo.

Kukura Kwenhau Nebasa Rebasa Reposta

Gadziriro yazvino uno yeziviso dzamapurisa yakatanga pakati pezana ramakore rechi520 semhinduro kuitiro hanya pamusoro perovedzo isingawirirani nokushaikwa kwemipimo yenyanzvi. Pamberi pama 1960, vakuru vakuru vazhinji vakawana rovedzo yakaderera, kazhinji kazhinji vachidzidza pabasa pasi pomukuru mukuru wedzidzo. Commission on Law Enforcement and Administration of Justice (65) uye mutemo wehurumende wakatevera wakakurudzira nyika kutanga rovedzo yapakati nezviremera zvesimbi.

Nhasi, marefu ose 50 ane chimiro chakati cheCommond POST kana kuti muviri wakaenzana. Iyi mibato inosiana muchiremera: mimwe idisvoriso, nepo mimwe ine simba remitemo rokugadza mipimo yapamutemo navakuru vakuru vechirango. Internationalpoteins Association of Directory of Inforcementalmental Standards ne rovedzorst [IFLTH:1] inogovera nyika nokuda kweiyi mibato kuti igoverane miitiro yakanakisisa ndokushandira kundomubatanidzwa. IDAST inochengetawo National Decrective Index (NDI), shoo yesarudzo iyo vakuru vakuru vakarasikirwa neCURCS) mumugariro mumwe, ichibetsera kudzidzivirira kubva mukungovara kungova vachienda kune rumwe rutivi.

Chibvumikiso Chokutanga: Dare

Kurovedza Zvinodiwa Pachikoro

Mitemo yehurumende inopa nhamba yemaawa okurovedza anodiwa panenge papepa retsono. Aya maawa anowanzobva pamaawa 400 (mudzimwe nyika duku) kusvika kumaawa anopfuura 1 000 (mumitengo yakadai seNew York neCalifornia). Somuenzaniso, California Commission on Peace Podern Standard and Training (POST) inorayira maawa 664 nokuda kweScern Basic Codery, kunyange zvazvo maadium akawanda achipfuura nhamba iyi. New York inoda anenge maawa 720, nepo Texas inoraira 660 yenzira huru yemushandira rugare.

Zvidzidzo zvacho zvinokamurwa kuva zvinhu zvikuru zvinoverengeka:

  • [[[FOL:0] Rovedzo yemitemo: mutemo weBumbiro remitemo, muitiro woutsotsi, ufakazi, kutsvaka nokubvuta, kushandiswa kwemirau yesimba.
  • [[[FRAT:0] Unyanzvi hwokushandisa: Makwani emwoto, unyanzvi hwokuzvidzivirira, kutyaira, yamuro yokutanga/CPR.
  • [ Unyanzvi hwomunhu: Kupindira kweDsingadzo, kubvisa, mhatsa yetsika, ukama hwenzanga.
  • [[FT:0] Tsika dzounyanzvi, uori, kuziva kwakakwana kwerusaruro.

Nyika dzakawanda dzinodawo rovedzo yakavakirwa pazviitiko inotevedzera kusangana chaikoiko kwenyika, pamwe chete nechiverengero chiduku chamaawa panzvimbo yokupfura uye mukurovedza mutyairi.

Kuongorora Kwazvakaita uye Kuongorora Kwazvakaita

Pashure pokupedza zvidzidzo zvechikoro, vada kupedza kunyora nzvero yehurumende. Iyi muedzo unobatanidza zvikurukuru mabumbiro emitemo ezvirango zvehurumende, mitemo yemigwagwa, uye nheyo dzebumbiro remitemo. Dzimwe nyika dzinopa bvunzo dzakatemwa se PORST Stangen Transeace Law Emplice Testment Bettery [[FLTB] muCalifornia. Vanoda kunzvera kwakakomba uko kunobatanidza nhau dzoutsotsi, kunzvera kwechikwereti, chinyorwa chomutyairi, uye bvunzurudzo neyaichimbova vashandirwi vebasa. Kunzvera nokunzvera kwemishonga kwapareji yemishonga kuriwo kuri musero.

Kusiyana - siyana Kwemitemo Mumitemo Yokusimbisa

Kuchinja uku kunogona kuchinja kuti mukuru mukuru akurumidze kuhayiwa, mari inoshandiswa pakurovedza, uye kuzivikanwa kwezvipupuriro kana mukuru mukuru akatamira kune imwe nyika.

California

Purogiramu yePOST yeCalifornia ndeimwe yegadziriro inopa mashoko akawanda zvikurusa munyika. Chibvumikiso chokutanga chechikwangwani chakaoma, uye vakuru vakuru vanofanira kupedza nhambo yokuedzwa kweinenge mwedzi 18 pashure pokupedza kufunda kwechikoro. Mukati menguva ino, vanoshanda pasi pomukuru mukuru werovedzo yebasa uye vanofanira kupa mirau yokuwedzera. California inewo chinodikanwa chedzidzo chinopfuuridzirwa chamaawa 24 makore maviri ari ose, nenhau dzakati dzinodikanwa dzakadai sokudzivirira dzinza uye masimba masimba omumba.

Texas

Texas Commission on Law Inforcement (TCOLE) inogadza mipimo yevimbiso. Texas inobuda nokuda kwechinodikanwa chayo chegore negore: vakuru vakuru vanofanira kupedza maawa 40 edzidzo yokupfuurira (inonzi “40300,000 yeawa yokurovedza kwegore negore”) gore rimwe nerimwe. Iyi rovedzo inobatanidza misoro yakakomba kubatanidza kukwikwikwidzana kwetsika, uye kungwara kwoutano. Texas ine gadziriro yemitengo inotevedzana yechikwara, inobvumira vakuru vakuru vakuru vakuru verugare kuwana mazita akakwirira kana kuti mazvikokota edzidzo yokuwedzera noruzivo rwokuzviwanira.

Illinois

Illinois anoraira maawa mashoma 660 erovedzo huru. Muitiro wokunyorazve wehurumende unobatanidza kuhwirudzurwa kwechinyorwa chomukuru mukuru. Kana mukuru mukuru ave ari nhau yenyunyuto dzinopfuurira kana kuti zviito zvokuranga, hurumende ingada rovedzo yokuwedzera kana kuti kuramba kuvandudza. Illinois inodawo kudzokororwa kwendangariro makore mashanu ari ose nokuda kwavakuru vakuru mumabasa akati.

New York

New York inoda maawa 720 erovedzo huru. Hurumende ine “gwaro rekunyora rakasiyana” nokuda kwavakuru vakuru vanoshanda mumapoka akafanana nenarcatics kana kuti Swat. Kunyorwa muNew York kunobatanidza kupedza maawa 40 erovedzo mugguservice makore maviri ari ose, uye pfuti dzegore negore. Hurumende inewo “Kurovedza Vadzidzi Vose” kunodikanwa nokuda kwavakuru vezvishandiso zvezvishandiso zvechikoro.

Florida

Criminal Justice Standards and Training Commission yeFirim yeFlorida inoda maawa 770 erovedzo huru. Kunyorazve muFlorida kunobatanidza kupedza maawa 40 edzidzo inopfuuridzirwa makore mana ari ose, kubatanidza misoro inosungirwa yakadai sokutengesa kwavanhu netsika. Florida inodawo vakuru vakuru kuwirwazve mundangariro makore 10 ari ose.

Dzimwe nyika, dzakadai seOhio, Michigan, uye Washington, dzine mubatanidzwa wadzo wakasiana wamaawa okurovedza, nhambo dzokuvandudza, uye zvinodikanwa chaizvo.

State Basic Training Hours Recertification Cycle Continuing Education Required Unique Feature
California 664+ Every 2 years 24 hours 18‑month probationary period
Texas 660 Annually 40 hours per year Tiered certification levels
Illinois 660 Every 3 years 40 hours per cycle Disciplinary record review
New York 720 Every 2 years 40 hours Specialized certifications
Florida 770 Every 4 years 40 hours Psych evaluation every 10 years

[ Note: Maawa nezvinodikanwa zvinochinjirwa. Nguva dzose bvunza kosi yehurumende yePOST nokuda kwemipimo yazvino.

Kupazve gwaro: Kuramba Uchishandira

Kutsiviwa kweshoko rekunyora, kunonziwo kugadziridzwa kwemashoko, muitiro unoratidza kuti vakuru vakuru vanoramba vachisvitsa zvinodiwa kuti vashande. Dzinenge nyika dzose dzinoda kutsiviwa panhambo nenhambo, kunyange zvazvo nguva nezvinodikanwa zvakajeka zvichisiyana zvikuru.

Kupfuurira Nemaawa Edzidzo

Chinodikanwa chokupazve tsamba chinozivikanwa zvikurusa kupedzwa kwedzidzo inopfuuridzirwa. Kosi idzi dzakagadzirirwa kuvandudza vakuru vakuru pamitemo mitsva, miitiro yakanakisisa inobuda, uye kariro dzenzanga. Vazhinji vanotaura kuti chikamu cheCE chive munzvimbo dzakananga dzenhau dzakadai se:

  • Kushandiswa kwesimba nokubviswa kwesimba
  • Kusarura zvachose uye kusiyana kwetsika
  • Kunetseka mupfungwa
  • Masimba masimba omumba uye kubatwa chibharo
  • Tsika uye kuperera
  • Kuvhiyiwa kwemotokari kwekurumidziro (kunomutsidzirwazve)

Dzimwe nyika dzinogadza mwero muduku nokuda kweboka rimwe nerimwe. Somuenzaniso, California inoda maawa maviri okurovedza pamusoro pokubatanidza dzinza uye maawa maviri pamasimba masimba omumba panhambo yokuvandudza. Texas inoraira maawa 4 okurovedza kubvisa tsvina gore negore.

Midziyo Yesimba Inokodzera

Kuongorora kunosanganisira kupfura panguva yakawandisa, kubva kumadaro akasiyana - siyana uye munzvimbo dzakasiyana - siyana, kuti pave nechokwadi chokuti ungwaru. Dzimwe nyika dzinodawo kuti zvikwaniriswe nezvombo zvisinganyanyi kuwanda zvakadai semaTasers kana kuti mabhanisi.

Kudzikama Kwomuviri

Nyika dzakawanda dziri kubatanidza mipimo yokusimbisa muviri mukuita kuti ivezve tsamba. Nepo madzoro akawanda anoshandisa mipimo yeCooper kana kuti mitemo yakafanana, kuwanda nokudzokororwa kunosiyana. Dzimwe nyika dzinongoda bedzi kuedza kusimbisa muviri pamari inotambira pakutanga, nepo dzimwe dzichiraira kunzverazve kwenhambo nenhambo. Somuenzaniso, New Jersey inoda vakuru vakuru kukunda muedzo wekusimbisa muviri wegore negore wakavakirwa pamipimo yamapurisa ehurumende.

Kuongororwa Kwepfungwa Nokurapwa

Dzimwe nyika dzinoda bvunzo dzepanhambo nenhambo uye kuongororwa kwendangariro kuti dzive nechokwadi chokuti vakuru vakuru vanoramba vakakodzera nokuda kwebasa. Florida inoraira kubviswa kwendangariro makore 10 ari ose. Illinois inoda kunzvera kwendangariro nokuda kwavakuru vakuru vakabatanidzwa muzvinoitika zvakakomba, zvakadai somukuru mukuru wemapurisa anopfura. Uku kunzvera kunobetsera kuziva nhau dzakadai sevhiringidziko yedzvinyiriro yepashure pekupera 2016 iyo inogona kukuvadza chisarudzo chomukuru mukuru mukuru wemapurisa.

Chibvumikiso Chokuzvidavirira: Kuzvidavirira

Kunyora magwaro okunyora kubviswa kwetsamba dzepamutemo dzomupurisa, kazhinji kazhinji nemhaka yomufambiro wakashata wakakomba kana kuti kusakwaniriswa.

  • Kutendiswa kwemhosva kana kuti dzimwe nhema
  • Kusatendeseka, kubatanidza mishumo yakaipa kana kuti nhema
  • Kushandisa simba zvakanyanyisa
  • Kuzvibata Zvisina Kufanira Muvatano
  • Kushandisa zvinodhaka kana kuti doro zvisina kufanira
  • Kukundikana kupedza rovedzo inorairwa

Muitiro wokubvisa magwaro okunyora unobatanidza kutongwa pamberi pesangano rehurumende, apo mukuru mukuru anogona kupa ufakazi ndokudenha pomero. Dzimwe nyika dzine vatongi vomutemo wehurumende kana kuti nzvimbo dzinoita chisarudzo chokupedzisira. National Decrectrective Memodicial (NCDD) yakachengetwa neIDALST inobvumira nyika kugoverana mashoko okusaipira, kudzivirira vakuru vakuru vakuru pakutamira kune imwe nyika ndokuwana chitupa pasina kuziviswa kwenhau yavo.

Matambudziko Okubvisa Zvibvumikiso

Chinetso chimwe chinokosha ndechokuti haisati iri nyika dzose dzine mitemo yakasimba yokubvisa magwaro epamutemo. Dzimwe dzinotaura kuti inongobvisa bedzi tsamba dzokupa mhaka dzoutsotsi, dzichivasiya vasingakwanisi kubvisa vakuru vakuru vanotora mufambiro wakashata usingapari mhaka. Mukuwedzera, kushaikwa kwekudzorwa kwerudzi mukuvadziko inorevererwa kunoreva kuti mukuru mukuru mukuru anobviswa mune imwe nyika angawana chitupa muimwe kutoti hurumende yacho inonzvera NDI zvakananga. Sapanenge pa 2025, nyika dzinenge dzine 30 dzinoshandisa NDI nguva dzose, nepo dzimwe shavo dzisingaregi.

Kuparadzana Kwezvizvarwa Zvomubatanidzwa Nokuzvidzora

Zvisinei, zvitupa zvehurumende hazvingoerekani zvangochinjwa.Nyika dzakawanda dzine muitiro unonzi “kupa vimbiso nokuzvidzokorora” unobvumira vakuru vakuru vanorumbidzwa mune imwe nyika kuti vave vanopa rumbidzo mune imwe pasina kudzokorora purogiramu yose yokurovedza.

Kushanda zvakanaka kwezvinodikanwa zvinosiyana. Dzimwe nyika dzinopa rovedzo yakazara kana kurovedza kwakapfuura kwomukuru mukuru kuisvitsa mipimo yadzo. Dzimwe dzinoda vakuru vakuru kupedza kosi inofukidza hurumende . Kosi inofukidza projekiti, kana kuti kupfuudza bvunzo yehurumende. Nyika shoma dzinoda vakuru vakuru kuti vapinde nguva yokuedzwa kana kuti kupedza kurovedzwa kwomumunda. Somuenzaniso, Texas inobvumira kuti vakuru vakuru vakuru vakuru vehurumende vamumitezo vanobva kunyika dzakafanana nerovedzo, asi inoda kuti Texan jurisprudence Centrence. California haisati ichipa bvunzurudzo yakazara; kunze kwekuna kuna 64363quatate vatariri vanofanira kupedza nenzira yakakwana kosi yePHST kutongerwesa.

IDRALS yagadzira muenzaniso weNational Law Endorcement Crective iyo ingaparira tsigiro inotakurika, inoiswa mupimo. Nepo iyi nhano yakawana kurongwa, haina kugamuchirwa munyika yose nemhaka yeitiro hanya dzouchangamire hwehurumende nendyiko yokushandisa. Kushaikwa kwemipimo yenyika yose yokuti vakuru vakuru vanoyambuka mitsetse yenyika kazhinji kazhinji vanotarisana nemhinganidzo huru dzokudzora uye kunonozeka.

Kushanda Kwemitemo yeHurumende Pamutemo

Betsero Dzemipimo Yakasimba

Nyika dzine zvibvumikiso zvikuru uye mipimo yokunyorazve yakarongwa inowanzoparira mipimo ine mipimo yakarovedzwa zviri nani, vakuru vakuru vebasa zvikuru. Nzvero dzinoratidza kuti dzidzo inogombedzerwa kupfuurira mumisoro yakadai sedesasesa uye tsvete yezvisakiso zvinoderedza kushandiswa kwezviitiko zvakati kuti uye kunyunyuta kwavagari vemo.

Matambudziko Okusiyana Kwemamiriro Ezvinhu

Kumativi echikamu chehove, mhatsa huru mumitemo yenyika inogona kuparira zvinetso. Department yemumiririri mumugariro wakaderera ungapinza basa vakuru vakuru nerovedzo yakaderera zvikuru, kuchitungamirira kukuva nemubatanidzwa wenzanga wakakwirira uye usina kusimba. Kushaikwa kwesimbi inowirirana kunoreva kuti mukuru mukuru mukuru anodzingwa mune imwe nyika anogona kuwana basa zviri nyore mune imwe. Chinetso ichi “mukuru wehurumende anobatira bhizinesi” chakapupurirwa navanyori venhau uye chakatungamirira kukukumbira mipimo yomubatanidzwa wenyika kana kuti inenge isati yasimba zvikuru batira pamwe chete.

Mutengo Nemitoro Yokutarisira

Nokuda kwamasangano, kuchengeta mudungwe wezvinodikanwa zvenyika zvinochinja ibasa rinokosha. Masangano maduku ane vashandi veHR yakaganhurirwa angaparapatika kuva nechokwadi chokuti magwaro emvumo, zvinyorwa zvokurovedza, uye nguva dzinotarwazve zvinosvika. Masangano mazhinji zvino anoshandisa gadziriro dzokutarisira dzemitemo, dzakadai seidzo dzinogoverwa ne MWS kana kuti zviteshi zvakafanana, kukufamba kwomubato unowirirana. Zvisinei, aya masangano anoda kutengwa kwamabasa okudzora nokurovedza.

Zvimiro Zvomunguva Yemberi Mutsamba Nekuzviratidza

Zvimiro zvakasiana - siana zviri kuumba nguva yemberi yemitemo yamapurisa. Chimwe isimbiso inowedzera pautano hwendangariro nezvakanaka. Mukupindura mwero yakakwirira yezvinoitika zvokuzviuraya kwavakuru vakuru nedzvinyiriro zvinowirirana, zvinoti saColorado neWashington zvinoda kunzvera kwenhambo nenhambo kwendangariro sorutivi rwekunyorazve. Imwe kombamiro kukura kwerovedzo yemanikidzi munharaunda dzakadai sokuziva, kutengesa vanhu, uye kuvandudza ruramisiro.

Ruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu ruri kuitawo basa. Zvechokwadi (VR) zviri kushandiswa mune dzimwe nyika kuwedzera kurovedza kwemagamuchidzanwa. VR inobvumira vakuru vakuru kurovedza mitoo yokuwedzera dzidzo, inodzokororwa pasina zvinetso zvinovapo zvebasa rokutamba. Mamwe macomputer ari kuongorora kana maawa okurovedza VR angasvika pakupfuurira kunyora chikwereti chedzidzo.

Pakupedzisira, kumanikidzirwa kwemipimo yenyika kunopfuurira. Internationalpotendi Association of Masters of Police (IACP) nemamwe masangano akatsigira nokuda kwechikamu chezvinodikanwa zvekubvumikiswa izvo nyika dzose dzingagamuchira. Nepo mutemo wehurumende wave uchitangwa muCongress, hauna kufambira mberi kupfuura dare. Staté́́́́ ­byblage , zvakadai sokuumbwa kwamakombishina enharaunda nokuda kwechikwanetso, zvingava zvechokwadi zvikuru munguva iri pedyo.

mhedziso

Mitemo inodzora mapurisa inobvumidzwa nokunyorwazve inokosha nokuda kwokuva nechokwadi chokuti vakuru vakuru vanotarisira mutemo vanokwanisa, vanokwanisa, uye vanozvidavirira. Nepo zvikamu zvikuru (hwuchirovedzwa, kuongororwa, uye dzidzo inopfuurira) zvakapararira munyika yose, zvinodikanwa zvakati zvinosiyana zvikuru kubva pahurumende imwe kusvikira kune inotevera. Iyi misiyano inotapura chinhu chiri chose kubva pachimiro chemapurisa kusvikira kusimba revakuru vakuru rokufamba pakati pemitezo. Sezvo kariro dzavose dzemitemo dzinopfuurira kuchinjika, masangano achada kudzikamisa kudzorwa kwedzoro yetsika dzomunzvimbomo nebetsero huru zvikuru nokuzvidavirira. Nokuti zvino, kuramba uchiziviswa pamusoro petsika nemitemo inodzorwa muhurumende imwe neimwe inoramba iri basa rinotambudza nokuda kwamasangano, vakuru vakuru vakuru vehurumende, uye nzanga vanoshumira.