Kunzwisisa Kuda Kurera Mirairo Mumuitiro Womutemo

Kuumbwa kwomutemo kunoumba musimboti wehurumende dzazvino uno, uye zvivako zvishomanene zvinoumba mutemo zvikuru kupfuura zvechiBadaral. Iyi gadziriro, umo mutevedzeri wedare rinogadzikiswa kuva makamuri maviri, yakarongedzerwa kudzikamisa kumirira, kunzvera mutemo, uye kuva nechokwadi chokuti manzwi akawanda anonzwiwa apo murairo usati wava mutemo. Nokuda kwavadzidzi vesayenzi yezvamatongerwe enyika, migariro yehurumende, uye nhau, kunzwisisa gadziriro dzemitemo dzemitemo mumuitiro webitagement rebidaral mugadziriro yemitemo yebhiyarameral, zvinopa nzwisiso inokosha mukushanda kwehurumende yegutsaruzhinji, kuti simba rinogoverwa sei, uye nei mimwe mitemo ichiita makore okupfuura apo vamwe vanofamba nokukurumidza. Iyi nhungamiro inonzvera mavambo, uye miitiro yenhano yezvirongwa zvemabumbiro, uye migariro mibayiro yazvo, uye inopa mienzaniso chaiyo kuupenyu.

Chibhedha Chinonzi Bhabheriyo Chii?

Bidaralism inonongedzera kuboka romutemo rine makamuri maviri akasiana kana kuti dzimba. Shoko rinobva muchiLatin bi [2] uye camerara[. Chinangwa chikuru cheichi chiumbwa ndechokugovera nzvero nechiyero zvomukati mukati menyu, kuchidzivisa mutumbi mumwe kukurumidza kana kuti pasina kurangarira kwakakwana. Kupfurikidza nokuda kuti mutemo unokarakadzwa upfuure makamuri ose ari maviri, kazhinji kazhinji mumitemo yakasiana kana kuti kumirira mirairo yakasiana, masimba anobvumirana ndokuwedzera mativi.

Mavambo Enhau Echibhamuri

Pfungwa yedare remitemo ramachamberi maviri ine mipimo yekare, asi chimiro charo chazvino uno chinodzokera kuParamende yeBritain. Paramende yeEngland yakashanduka muzana ramakore rechi 13 nerechi14 kuva mutumbi webimeyal: Imba yaCommons (yakasarudzwa navose) uye Imba yaMadis (yakadzorwa nevafundisi navafundisi). Iyi fashoni yakagamuchirwa gare gare gare ndokuitwa nedzimwe nyika dzakawanda. United States, somuenzaniso, yakatanga Biabeaural Congress muna 1789 se "ndrost" pakati penyika huru neduku, neImba yaVamiririri yakavakirwa pavagari vemo neDare rinopa mamiriro enyika rimwe nerimwe akaenzana. Kubvumirana kwetsika kwakafanana kwakaumba masangano ehurumende eAustralia, Australia, Australia, Germany, uye India.

Nei Pane Dzimba Mbiri?

Kune mifungo mikuru inoverengeka nokuda kwechibhinamarike:

  • Kuratidzirwa kwefariro dzakasiana. Imwe kamuri inowanzomirira chiverengero chavagari vemo (iyi "imba yapasi"), apo imwe inomirira nharaunda, madokonya, kana kuti makirasi ("imba yepamusoro"). Ikoku kunovimbisa kuti vose vari vaviri voruzhinji vacharangarirwa uye mirangariro miduku kana kuti miduku yeruwa.
  • [ Kunzvera nokunzvera. Nemakamuri maviri, mutemo unohwirudzura kaviri, uchideredza ngozi yemitemo isina kurongwa zvakanaka kana kuti inodzokororwa pasina kurukurirano yakafanira.
  • Michero nechiyero. Chibaobaralism chinoparadzira simba remitemo, kuchikuita kuti kuve kwakaoma zvikuru kuti sangano ripi neripi rikudzore. Ikoku kunokosha zvikurukuru mumasangano omubatanidzwa umo imba yapamusoro inodzivirira maruramiro enyika.
  • Kudzivirirwa muudzvinyiriri hwevoruzhinji. Kupfurikidza nokuda tendero yazvimirira mudzimba dzose dziri mbiri, gadziriro inogona kudzivisa zviteshi zvechimbichimbi zvingavhiringidza kodzero dzenhando.

Mienzaniso Yemitemo Yakagadzirwa Zvikepe Pasi Rose

Kunyange zvazvo bhijaral rakapararira, chimiro charo chaicho chinosiyana zvikuru nenyika.Heino mienzaniso inokosha inoenzanisira misiyano yebviro:

United States Congress

Dare reU.S. ndirimwe ramasangano ezvikamu zvemabharameral akakurumbira zvikurusa. House of Desiderations ine mitezo 435 inovhota, imwe neimwe inosarudzwa nokuda kweshoko regore maviri rinobva kumaruwa anogoverwa navagari vemo. Dare rine mitezo 100 (hurumende pahurumende) inosarudzwa kwemakore matanhatu, nerine rimwe ramatatu nokuda kwokuvhota makore maviri oga oga oga. Dare rine masimba akasiyana, kubatanidza kubatana nokusimbiswa kwezvibvumirano zvezvigaro zvapurezidhendi, nepo zvikwereti zvemari zvinofanira kuvamba muImba.

United Kingdom Paramende

UK Parmend inoumba Imba yeCommons (mitezo 650 yakasarudzwa) neNzvimbo yaMasair (inenge mitezo 800, zvikurukuru vaenzani voupenyu vakagadzwa, vaenzani vane nhaka, uye mabhishopi). MaNational inzvimbo huru, ine simba rokubvumira mutemo nokudzora hurumende. Mashe anoita sekamuri rokudzorera, achinzvera zvikwereti nokukarakadza kugadziridzwa, asi simba rayo rinoganhurirwa neParamende Mabasa, iro rinobvumira VaCommo kudzora kukunda mutemo wayo pashure pokunonoka.

Boundest neBoundesrat zveGermany

Gadziriro yeGermany yebicameral yakagadzirwa pachivako chayo chehurumende. Bundestag (imba yakaderera) inosarudzwa zvakananga navose uye idare guru remitemo. Bundesrat (imba yapamusoro) inomirira hurumende 16 ( Länder) uye mitezo yayo inhume dzinogadzwa nehurumende. Boundesrat inofanira kutendera mutemo unotapura masimba enyika kana kuti mari, kupa matunhu akananga mukugadzira mutemo wenyika.

Paramende yeIndia

Paramende yeIndia ine Lok Sabhaha (Imba yaVanhu) neRaja Sabhaha (Council of States). Lok Sabhaha inosarudzwa zvakananga nokuda kwemirau yamakore mashanu inobva kumitezo yenhengo imwe, nepo Rajiya Sabhaha anosarudzwa nemitemo yehurumende nokuda kwamashoko matanhatu. Lokha Shabha ane simba rakawanda, sezvainodzora hurumende nebhajeri, asi Rajiya Sabhaha anogona kunonotsa zvikwereti zvisiri zvemari uye anogovera mimiririro nokuda kwemimwe mishavo.

Mimwe Mienzaniso Inocherechedzeka

  • Canada: Paramende ine Imba yakasarudzwa yeCommons neDare rakagadzwa (vakuru vakasarudzwa nagavhuna mukuru mukuru pazano remutungamiriri wehurumende), naMasangano ane chiremera chemitemo.
  • Australia: Paramende inobatanidza Imba yaVamiriri (vakarongwa) neDare (rinosarudzwa nomufananidzo unowirirana, nyika imwe neimwe ine mufananidzo wakaenzana). Dare rinogona kuvhara kana kubvisa zvikwereti zvose, richiipa simba guru.
  • France: Gungano reNyika (rakasarudzwa zvakananga) uye Dare (rinosarudzwa zvakananga navakuru vakuru vomunzvimbomo) vose vari vaviri vanotora rutivi mukugadzira mitemo, kunyange zvazvo Gungano rine shoko rokupedzisira mukurwisana.
  • yapaJapan: Dioti yeNational inoumba Imba yaVamiriri neImba yeDare, neImba yaVamiriri vane masimba makuru, kubatanidza kuisa imwe kamuri pamari yemari nenhau dzebvumirano.

Mavakirwo Emitemo Yakagadzirwa Zvikuru

Kunzwisisa kuti imba imwe neimwe inoumbwa sei uye basa rayo rakasiyana zvinokosha kuti utevedzere mutemo.

Imba yeNeall (Imba Yevamiriri, Imba Yavanhu, Bundestag, Lok Sabhaha)

Imba yepasi inowanzova huru uye inomiririra zvakananga zvikuru muvhoti. Mitezo yayo inowanzosarudzwa nokuda kwemashoko mapfupi, ichiita kuti igamuchire zvikuru murangariro wavose. Mavara makuru anobatanidza:

  • Kusarudza kupfurikidza nevhoti yakakurumbira. Mitezo yakaderera zvikurusa yeimba inosarudzwa mumaruwa ane mitezo imwe kana kuti kupfurikidza nemiitiro yokumirira yakaenzana.
  • [ Basa rokutanga kutanga mabhiri emari. Nemhaka yokuti mutero nokushandisa zvinotapura vanhu zvakananga, mabumbiro emitemo mazhinjisa anoda mutemo wakadaro kuvamba muimba yakaderera.
  • Kuregerera nokugovera. Mumiitiro yeparamende (seUK, Canada, India), imba yakaderera inosarudza kupukunyuka kwehurumende. Dare rinofanira kuraira voruzhinji vari muimba yakaderera kuti vadzore.
  • Mazita anokosha. emuenzaniso anovambira pamakore maviri kusvikira kumashanu, achivimbisa kuzvidavirira kwenguva dzose.

Imba iri Pamusoro (Senate, Imba yaMadzishe, Bundesrat, Raje Sabha)

Imba yepamusoro inowanzova duku uye yakagadzirirwa kugovera dzikamo, kumirira nharaunda, kana kuti kunzvera kwounyanzvi. Mitezo yayo ingasarudzwa nenzira isina kunanga, inogadzwa, kana kuti kugara nhaka nzvimbo dzayo. Mativi anozivikanwa navose anobatanidza:

  • Mashoko erefu zvikuru kana kuti sarudzo dzinozunguzika. Vatongi kana kuti madzishe vanowanzobatira mashoko marefu zvikuru (makore matanhatu kusvikira kumapfumbamwe) kana kuti vakasundidzirana anodzivirira kamuri kubva muzvichinjiko zvezvamatongerwe enyika zvenhambo pfupi.
  • Ruwa kana kuti dare. Mugadziriro dzehurumende, nyika imwe neimwe kana kuti nharaunda inowana ratidziro yakaenzana kana kuti yakaenzana pasinei zvapo nechiverengero chavagari vemo (sumo, Dare reU.S.).
  • [ Kudzorwa nokunonoka masimba.[[FT:1] Dzimba dzapamusoro kazhinji kazhinji dzinohwirudzura nokupedzisa mari inopfuudzwa neimba yakaderera, asi dzingashaiwa simba rokutanga zvikwereti zvemari. Kukwanisa kwadzo kumisa mitemo kunosiyana zvikuru.
  • Mabasa echitsama. Dzimwe dzimba dzapamusoro dzine mabasa adzo oga, akadai sezvibvumirano zvokubvumirana, kusimbisa kugadzwa kwevakuru vakuru, kana kuti kutora rutivi mumiedzo isingapinduri.

Muitiro Womutemo Mugadziriro Yebhamaral: Famba Nenhano

Nepo nyika imwe neimwe ine mitemo yayo imene ine udzame, nzira yose yezvematongerwe enyika inotevera mudare remitemo rekwaingamira inodzorwa isingachinjiki. Muitiro unobvumira mabanza akawanda ekurukurirano, kugadziridzwa, uye kurangarirwazve, kubetsera kuita mitemo yakasanorongwa zvikuru. Pasi apa inhevedzano chaiyo, ichishandisa Dare reU.S. somuenzaniso mukuru asi uchisiya misiyano.

Danho 1: Kutanga Kwebhiri

Mutezo upi noupi wekamuri rimwe nerimwe unogona kusuma mutero, kunyange zvazvo mabhiri emari kana kuti emitero achifanira kuvamba muimba yakaderera. Mutengi unogoverwa nhamba ndokupiwa zita rechiratidzo, ipapo unonongedzera kudare rakafanira. Mugadziriro yeparamende, mutemo wakawanda unotangwa nehurumende (dare rehurumende), uye zvikwereti zvemitezo yomunhu oga hazviwanzowaniki.

Nhano 2: Kuhwirudzura kweDare

Matare ndiwo mabhiza ebasa egadziriro yomutemo. Dare rimwe nerimwe rinoita basa munharaunda yomuitiro (sezvirevo, kurima, dare redare, utano). Dare rinonzvera gwaro racho muudzame, rinoita kuti vazivi vanzwi vanzwise, uye vanga "zonyora" (mupedzi) rugwaro. MuU.S., zvikwereti zvizhinji zvinofa mudare. Mabhii makuru anobatanidza:

  • Matare akamira: nzvimbo dzokuchengetera zvechigarire dzinobata nharaunda dzakati dzenhau.
  • Sarudza matare: Matare echinguvana anoumbwa nokuda kwedonzo rakati, zvakadai sokunzvera nhau.
  • [ matare eManyika: Akanyorwa emitezo kubva mumakamuri ose ari maviri, kazhinji kazhinji nokuda kwokutarisira kana kuti kunzvera (su tanci, Dare Romubatanidzwa pamusoro peMitero).

Pashure pechiito chedare, mutongo wacho unoshumwa kudzokera kukamba yakazara nerumbidzo (pasipo, kana kuti kuramba). Mushumo wedare unotsanangura chinangwa chegweta racho uye chinjo dzipi nedzipi dzinoitwa.

Nhano 3: Nharo Dzakanaka Nedzokuchinja

Kana zvashumwa, muganhu wacho unodzorwa pakarenda. Utungamiriri (mureve, Mutungamiriri weScoumer kana kuti weMajorie) hunoronga kuti hurefu hurangarirwe. Mitemo yekurukurirano inosiana pakati pedzimba. MuU.S. House of Secretates, gakava rinowanzodzorwa zvakasimba neDare reMitemo, iro rinogadza miganhu nemarudzi ezvigadziko zvinobvumirwa. MuDare, gakava rakazamira; varangari vanogona kutaura kwenguva refu sezvavanoda, uye mugari weBata (kurukurirano yaparingi inoteverwa) inogona kunonotsa kuvhotera kutonge kutoti kana mavhotera 60 okuvhotera) akumbirwa. MuUK House of Com, Speaders, Acum, uye kukurukura nokukanwa kwemiteveri, kukurukurirana.

Danho 4: Kutaurirana Nevana

Pashure pekurukurirano, mavhota papepa racho, kazhinji kazhinji anoda voruzhinji vakapfava (50% kuwedzera rimwe) nokuda kwokupfuura. Dzimwe nhano, dzakadai sekugadziriswa kwebumbiro-mitemo kana kuti kuva nenzvimbo, dzingada matatu kana kuti matatu-55 voruzhinji. MuImba yeU.S., kuvhota kunowanzoitiswa pakombiyuta; muDare, inogona kuva inzwi kana kuti foni. Kana rugwaro rwacho rukakundikana, runofa nokuda kwerusando irworwo. Kana ruchipfuura, i "inoita kuti ivhurwe seshanduro yokupedzisira) ndokutumirwa kune imwe imba.

Danho 5: Kuremekedza Kwedare Rechipiri

Imwe imba inodzokorora muitiro wose: urevedzeri kudare, kunzwa, kuisa mashoko, kurukurirano youriri, kugadziriswa, uye vhoti. Iyi kamuri ingapfuvura mutongo wacho chaizvoizvo sewagamuchirwa, kuupfuudza nokugadziridza, kana kuti kuuramba. Mumasangano eparamende, imba yapamusoro kazhinji kazhinji ine nguva yakaganhurirwa yokuita kana kuti simba rakaderedzwa reveto. Somuenzaniso, UK House of Lords haigoni kumisa mutemo zvechigarire; inogona kunonokera bedzi kusvikira kugore rimwe pasi peParamendement Mabasa.

Danho 6: Kugadzirisa Misiyano: Matare Omusangano

Kana makamuri maviri akapfuudza shanduro dzakasiana dzechibvumirano chimwe chete, dare remusangano rinoumbwa kuyananisa misiyano. Dare iri rinoumbwa nechiverengero chiduku chemitezo (vavambirwa) kubva mukamuri rimwe nerimwe, kazhinji kazhinji vakasarudzwa nevakuru vakuru. Vanotaura shanduro inobvumiranwa, inozivikanwa se "connence conmentation transves". Makamuri ose ari maviri anofanira ipapo kuvhota pamushumo mumwe chetewo wemusangano wacho chaiwo, uye hapana kumwe kugadziridzwa kwemibatanidzwa kunobvumirwa. Kana mukamuri rikaramba, pepa ringadzokera kumusangano kana kuti kufa. Munyika dzakawanda (kubatanidza UK neGermany), muitiro wekudzosairira kunoitwa panzvimbo iyi, apo chirevo chinotumirwa uye pakati pemibatanidzwa kusvikira pawatonge pawanwa musangano.

Nhano 7: Kutendera Kwamasimba

Kana mashoko akafanana angopfuura makamuri ose ari maviri, bhiridha racho rinotsanurwa uye rinopiwa kumukuru webasa (mutungamiriri, mambo, kana kuti gavhuna). Zvinosarudzwa nomutungamiriri zvinosiyana nenyika:

  • [[FT:0] Chiratidzo mumutemo. Mutengo unenge wava chiito cheparamende.
  • . MuU.S., purezidhendi anogona kudzosa mutongo, unoudzorera kuCongress. Voruzhinji vane mativi maviri mudzimba dzose dziri mbiri vanogona kukurira vheto. Mudzimwe nyika (muto, India), purezidhendi anogona kudzorera gwaro rekurangarirazve, asi chikamu chakatevera chinowanzoda tendero.
  • Regai kuva mutemo pasina siginicha. Mune dzimwe gadziriro (mutoo, U.S.), kana purezidhendi asingaiti chiito kwamazuva gumi apo Congress inenge iri murusando, muganhu unova mutemo woga.
  • [[FOL:0] Pocket vento. Kana Masangano achiswedera munhambo yamazuva gumi, kusaita kwapurezidhendi kunouraya mutengo.

Pashure pokunge vatungamiriri vatenderwa (kana kuti varega), mutemo unoziviswa uye unobudiswa, uchiva nomusi wakarongwa mugadziriro dzawo.

Kukosha Kwokudzora Utongi Hwehurumende

Kuda kudzora hachisi chinhu chinowanzoda kuzivikanwa; chine miuyo mikuru pavara noururami hwemitemo. Vadziviriri vegadziriro yacho vanonongedzera kubetsero dzinoverengeka:

Kushandisa Uhwu Urefu Nokunzvera Zvakasimudzirwa

Nemhaka yokuti bhiri racho rinofanira kushandisa mabhii maviri akaparadzana, nharo, uye mavhoti, rinoongororwa zvikuru kupfuura zvaringaita mudare rinotonga risingapindiri.

Kumirirwa Kwefariro Dzakasiana - siana

Iyi mireza miviri inovimbisa kuti mutemo haungoshandiri nzvimbo dzine vanhu vakawanda zvikuru pachishandiswa dzimwe. Somuenzaniso, muDare reUnited States, nyika duku dzakadai seWyoming dzine simba rokuvhota rakaenzana kunyika huru dzakadai seCalifornia, dzinodzidzivirira kuti dzisakurirwa.

Kusimba uye Kudzivirirwa Kwekodzero Dzokuwana

Kupfurikidza nokuda zviito zvikuru nokuda kwezviito zvakati (mutoo, kubvumiranwa kwechibvumirano, kugadziridzwa kwebumbiro remitemo) kana kuti kupfurikidza nokupa imba yapamusoro simba rinononoka, gadziriro dzebimeral dzinokuita kuti kuve kwakaoma zvikuru nokuda kwezvikuru zvechinguvana kuita chinjo huru dzinopunza maruramiro maduku. Iyi ruramiso inokosha zvikuru munzanga dzakasiyana - siyana.

Kurudziro Yokubvumirana Pane Zvisina Kufanira

Apo mapoka akasiana - siana anodzora zviteshi zvakasiyana, mutemo unogona bedzi kupfuura kupfurikidza nekurukurirano nebatira pamwe. Kunyange apo mumwe mubato anodzora dzimba dzose dziri mbiri, misiano yomukati pakati pamakamuri (muchirevo, imba inosundwa nokuda kwemipimo yakawanda yezvipfeko apo Dare rinenge riri rega) kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji rinomanikidzira kubvumirana. Ikoku kunogona kutungamirira kumiitiro yakadzikama zvikuru.

Denho Nokutsoropodza Kwokusatora Rutivi

Vatsoropodzi vanoti gadziriro yacho inogona kunonoka, kushaya simba, uye kukurumidza kubatwa nemhepo, kunyanya munzvimbo dzine vanhu vakasiyana - siyana.

Kupererwa Nemitemo

Apo makamuri maviri anodzorwa namapoka akasiyana kana kuti ane mirangariro yakasiana zvikuru, mutemo muduku ungapfuvura. MuUnited States, somuenzaniso, mubatanidzwa weNhaka yemafilbuster neImba inodzorwa zvakatungamirira kukudzima kwehurumende kwakawanda uye mibatanidzwa mikuru yezvikwereti. Kunyange apo pepa rine tsigiro yavose yakafara, kudikanwa kwokupinda kwakafanana mumakamuri ose ari maviri kunoparira mapfundo akawanda.

Kumirira Kupesana

Mugadziriro dzakawanda, kumirira imba yapamusoro hakuna kuenzana namaune mukuda nyika duku kana kuti nharaunda. Nepo ikoku kuchidzivirira idzi nharaunda, kunogonawo kutungamirira kumigariro umo vashomanene vavagari vemo vemo vanogona kumisa kuda kworuzhinji.

Nguva Nendyiko

Muitiro webadamaral unoda nguva huru zvikuru, vashandi, uye pfuma kupfuura gadziriro yeuncameral. Mabhiri anofanira kuongororwa mumakamuri maviri, misangano inofanira kurongwa, uye nhamburiko dzokukurudzira dzingada kudenha vakasarira vazhinji. Ikoku kunogona kuva kunonetesa uye kunganonotsa mutemo wokukurumidzira.

Ngozi Yokushandisa Chirongwa Chimwe Chekuuraya Vanhu

Hadzisi gadziriro dzose dzebicameral dzakaenzana. Mumiitiro mizhinji yeparamende (zvikurukuru, UK, Canada), imba yakaderera inobata inenge simba rose, uye imba yapamusoro inogona bedzi kunonozeka, kwete kumisa, mutemo. Vatsoropodzi vanotaura kuti ikoku kunoita nenzira inobudirira kuti gadziriro ive nounameral, kuderedza zvichekedzo zvinorongwa nedzikamo. Mukupesana, apo imba yapamusoro ine simba zvikuru (sezvo kupikisana kweDare reU.S.), ingadzivisa chinjo dziri madikanwa.

Kuenzanisa Miitiro yeBimeral Neisimameri

Kunzwisisa bidaralism kunodawo kubvuma chinotsiva: unidageism, umo kamuri rimwe rine chiremera chose chewirirano. Gadziriro dzeUnicameral dzinozivikanwa navose munyika duku kana kuti dzakawanda dzinowirirana (mutoo, Denmark, New Zealand, Sweden) uye muhurumende dzakawanda dzeU.S. (Nebraska ndiyo hurumende bedzi ine chibvumirano chehurumende cheuncameral commental commental communistry). Vatsigiri veUnionism vanopikisa kuti inoshanda zvakanaka zvikuru, inopenya, uye inozvidavirira nemhaka yokuti vavhoteri vanoziva chaizvoizvo kuti ndiani ane mutoro wemitemo. Kune mifungo mifungo mishomanenesa. Naizvozvo, vatsoropo vanoramba kuti pasina imba yechipiri, mutemo ungamhandzwa, kushaidzwa, kana kuti kudzorwa neidi imwe. Kutsigira kwezvikwane pamutemo kunowedzerwa.

Kupedzisa: Nei Kunzwisisa Gadziriro Yomutemo Kuchikosha

Gadziriro yomutemo mugadziriro yebhidamaral yakagadzirwa kuva yemiitiro, kugovera mabanza akawanda emubatanidzwa, kuhwirudzura, uye kudzokororwa. Panzvimbo pokuva chidziviso chehurumende, ichi chinoratidzira chisarudzo chamaune chokukoshesa kuratidzirwa, kurangarira, uye kubvumirana pamusoro pemhanza nejeko. Vadzidzi navadzidzisi, vachinzwisisa kuti zvikwereti zvinova sei mutemo, matare enhurikidzwa, matare esangano, uye chiito choukuru mukuru wedare (* zvinoisa hwindo musimba rinoshanda rehurumende yedemocrocyicracy. Kunojekesa kuti simba rinogadzikiswa sei, kuti kusawirirana kunogadziriswa sei, uye kuti nzanga dzinochinja sei zvinodikanwa zvavo kuva mitemo inodzorwa. Kana zvichienzaniswa kurangarira chiito cheBritain, kana kuti kunzvera muitiro wehurumende yeGermany yeGermany, kuziva basa rehurumende yehurumende yehurumende inobetsera kubetsera vamwe vanhu kunzwisisa, uye kubetsera kukurumidza kuoneka semitemo.

Nokuda kwokunzverazve, varavi vanogona kunzvera zviwanikwa zvapamutemo zvakadai se Conreg.gov nokuda kweU.S. chirongwa chemitemo, UK] Nhungamiro yeParamende yokuita mutemo[, uye [[FLT] German Boundtag's remotences yemicrogical [. Nokuda kwemifungo yakadzika mifungo, [[FLT:] Explateid Britannica] mipindiso yebial [[FLT]] inogovera mashoko enhau namanzwiro, nechero, necherekedzo dzechiidzo dzechipo yezvikwaro.[FLT]