Kunzwisisa Gadziriro Yomutemo: Kubva Mupfungwa Kuenda Kumutemo

Rwendo rwechibvumirano chemitemo yakapfava inoenda kumutemo unoitwa ndeimwe yemiitiro yakavakirwa zvikurusa mukudzora kwedemokrase. Nokuda kwavadzidzi, vadzidzisi, uye vagari vemo vakabatana, vanonzwisisa kuti mutemo unorongwa sei ndokutangwa runogovera nzwisiso inokosha pamusoro pokuti chinjo dzemiitiro dzinoitwa sei uye kuti pesvedzero dzokutora rutivi kwehurumende dzinoita sei. Nyaya ino inowedzera pamwero yapakati yokunyora nokusuma mutemo, ichipa mepu ine udzame inosimbisa kunzvera, kunyorwa, uye kunyorwa kwemitemo kunodikanwa kushandura pfungwa kuva mutemo unosungirirwa.

Nepo miitiro chaiyoiyo ichisiyana kupfurikidza nokudzorwa kwenzvimbo. Pasi apa tinonzvera nhano imwe neimwe nemifananidzo inoshanda, nemienzaniso yemitemo yehurumende munyika yose.

Danho 1: Kuziva Kudikanwa Kwomutemo

Mutemo uri wose unovamba nechinodikanwa chisina donzo kana kuti chinetso chisingagoni kukurukurwa zvizere nemirairo iripo kana kuti chiito chapachivande. Uku kuzivikanwa kunogona kubva mumanyuko akawanda “‘ vamiriri vanoonana navamiriri vavo, zvinyorwa zvokunzvera zvinofumura mikaha yokutungamirira, nzvero yedzidzo inozivisa kundikano dzegadziriro, kana kuti njodzi dzechimbichimbi - chimbidza dzakadai sengwavaira dzomusikirwo kana kuti migariro youtano yavose.

Vaiti vemitemo vanobudirira vanotsvaka nokushingaira izvi zviratidzo. Horo dzeguta, misangano namapoka ezviwanwa zvemhindu, matare ezvokukurukurirana zvakananga namasangano ehurumende zvose zvinopinda mumitemo yemitemo inobvira. Somuenzaniso, kuwedzera kwemitemo kungasunda vaiti vemitemo kuronga zvinodikanwa zvakasimba zveIndaneti, nepo mishumo yezvigadzirwa zvisina kuchengeteka zvinovakirwa zvinowanzotungamirira kukugadziridzwa kwemipimo yekotsekano yemitemo. Kunzwisisa mavambo epfungwa yemitemo kunobetsera kunobetsera vagari vemo vavo vamene kugona kunyandura chiito chemitemo. [[FLT: 0] Canreg.gov muitiro wechapupuric comption [ inopa donzo reconficiation diso yokutanga yezvirongwa zvokuchengeteko.

Nhano 2: Nzvera uye Kuunganidza Mashoko

Vagadziri vemitemo nevashandi vavo, kazhinji vachishandira pamwe nemasangano okutsvakurudza asiri apapatiti akadai seCongregational Research Service (CRS) kana kuti vaongorori vemitemo vehurumende, vanounganidza mashoko pamusoro pechinetso chacho nemigumisiro inobvira yenzira dzakasiyana - siyana dzokuita zvinhu.

Mabasa okutsvakurudza anokosha anosanganisira:

  • [ Kurangarira mitemo iripo nemirau kudzivisa kunyorwa nokunzwisisa nzvimbo yapamutemo yazvino.
  • [ Nyanzvi dzinopinza mari nedzinopinza mari kubva muacademia, indasitiri, mapoka ezvokunyora, uye nzanga dzakatapurwa kuti dziunganidze mativi akasiana - siana.
  • Mashoko anoshamisa nenzvero dzechakaitika zvinobva kudzimwe nzvimbo dzakashandisa mitemo yakafanana, vachinzvera zvose zviri zviviri budiriro nokundikano.
  • Kuyera miuyo yemari (kuyera ndyiko, zvinodikanwa zvokuita kuti zvinhu zvivepo, uye miuyo yemari inobvira.

Iyi nhano yokunzvera yakakomba; mutemo wakarongwa zvisina kutsarukana kazhinji kazhinji unobva mukunzwisisa kusina kukwana kwechinetso. Somuenzaniso, kutangwa kweAffordal Care Act kwakabatanidza makore okunzvera mumisika yeinishuwarenzi youtano, kuedza kwenzvimbo yehurumende, uye mifananidzo yamarudzi ose. Kunzvera kwakakwana kunosimbisa mavambo egweta racho uye kunobetsera kukarira zvirambidzo mukati mekurukurirano dzapashure.

Danho 3: Kugadzirisa Mutemo

Kana kunzvera kwapera, kunyora chaikoiko kunovamba. Uyu muitiro wounyanzvi mukuru unoshandura nharidzano dzemiitiro kuva mutauro wapamutemo wakananga. Vagadziri vanofanira kuva nechokwadi chokuti mari yacho yakajeka, haichinji, uye inowirirana nemitemo neganhuriro dzebumbiro remitemo.

Zvinhu zvinokosha pakunyora zvinosanganisira:

  • Kunyora chivako chebhukwana chakajeka nezvikamu, rondedzero, zvikamu zvemashoko zvinoshanda, misi inobudirira, uye gadziriro dzinoparadzana.
  • [ Kushandisa mashoko chaiwo epamutemo [ kudzivisa kujeka kungagona kushandiswa mudare kana kuti mukati mokuitwa.
  • Kubatanidza zviwanwa kana kuti chikamu chedonzo izvo zvinotsanangura mufungo nevavariro.
  • [ Kuisa mirau iripo kuratidza kuti mutemo mutsva unobata sei nebumbiro remitemo razvino.

Masangano mazhinji emitemo akatsaurira [[FLT: 0] mahofisi okunyora panzvimbo ino (g., Office of Legistical Reaudition Replace mu U.S. Congress) ayo anobetsera mitezo mukushandura pfungwa dzemitemo kuva rugwaro rwenzwi rapamutemo. Rudzi rwemapaipi runowanzobatanidzwa paiyi nhano kupfurikidza nokubvunza kwamasanga. Chibvumirano chinobva charongwa mukuwirirana nemiraudzo yemitemo yemitemo yetsika muU.[FLT:] [FLT]] mienzaniso, kushandiswa kwomutauro [[FLT:] yakadzorwa kana kuti bhuroko] kuratidzira chinjo kumutemo uripo. [FLT:]

Danho 4: Kutanga Kupa Mutemo

Kana kunyorwa kwacho kwangopera bedzi, kunofanira kutangwa nenzira yakarongwa mudare remitemo.

  • [ Kusarudza mutsigiri mukuru[[FL:1]]
  • Kubatanidza muromo kumunyori mukati menhambo yakagadzwa, kazhinji kazhinji pamavambo erusando kana kuti pashure penhambo nokuda kwemitemo mitsva.
  • [[FOLT:0] Kuisa nhamba yepepa [ (muro, H.R. 1 kana kuti S. 123) nokubudisa rugwaro pachena.
  • kugadzira mashoko okusuma [ pauriri kana kuti muchinyorwa chapamutemo, achitsanangura chinangwa chebhiri racho uye achikoka vapari vebhiri racho.

Sumo yacho inguva inokosha yokubudisa kuona. Vaiti vemitemo vanowanzobudisa nhau dzinobudiswa, kuva nemisangano yenhau, uye mapoka mapfupi okuvaka simba. Somuenzaniso, mutungamiriri anotanga gwaro pautano hwevarwi angakoka vatungamiriri vesangano vagara nebasa kuCapitol nokuda kwechiziviso. Pano, pamutemo wacho unopinda mumichina yemitemo uye unotanga rwendo rwawo nomumatare nemuuriri.

Nhano 5: Kuhwirudzura kweDare

Pashure pesumo, mutemo wacho unonongedzerwa kumatare mamwe kana kuti akawanda ane chiremera pamusoro penhau yawo.Matare imabhiza edzimba dzomutemo neane masangano akarongwa nemitemo — anochenesa, uye kazhinji kazhinji anonatsa mutemo kupfurikidza nokunzvera kwakakwana.

Kuhwirudzura kweDare kazhinji kazhinji kunopedzerwa sezvinotevera:

  • kunzwa [ kunoitwa apo zvapupu zvinoparirana, nyanzvi, vatsigiri, uye vanotapurwa. Idzi nzwi dzinoita chinyorwa chavose uye dzinobvumira mitezo kunzvera simba neutera hwemari.
  • Marusando etsika anotevera, apo kurukurirano dzedare dzinogadziriswa uye mavhoti papepa. Mutengo unganyorwazve zvikuru mukati mokuposita.
  • Committee mishumo yakanyorwa kutsanangura donzo retsivo, chinjo dzedare, uye mirangariro ipi neipi inopesana. Uyu mushumo unova chinyorwa chakakomba nokuda kwekurukurirano youriri nedudziro yedare.

Matare anogona kufambisira mberi mutengo (nevhoti yakanaka), itete parudungwe (kuuisa nokuda kwerusando), kana kuti kuushuma negadziridzo. Muitiro unobvumira nzvero huru, bipartaria. Somuenzaniso, kunzvera kweDare redare rePudiary kana kuti zvikwereti zvinopesana nebvumirano kunogona kugara mavhiki kana kuti mwedzi. SATE dare rinonzwa [[[[FLT: 1]]]

Danho 6: Kukakavadzana Kusingadzorwi

Kana dare rikashuma mutero wacho, unoiswa pakarenda yemitemo nokuda kwokurangarirwa nekamuri rakazara.

Zvinhu zvinokosha pakukurukurirana zviri pauriri ndeizvi:

  • kurukurirano yeGeneral apo vatsigiri vemitemo navashori vanoita nhau dzavo. MuDare, gakava risina kuganhurirwa rinobvira (kutungamirira kuvana); muImba, kurukurirano inowanzoumbwa zvakasimba.
  • Muitiro wokuchinja [: Mitezo inogona kukarakadza kugadziriswa kunobva pauriri, kunyange zvazvo mimwe ichiganhurirwa nomutemo. MuDare, mhatsa yakafara yedzoreso ingapiwa (“muti wokubvisa”).
  • Kungotaurawo [ kwakadai sokutorazve, tafura, kana kuti kurangarirazve mutengo.

Gakava rezvombo ndepanova namasimba makuru enzvimbo ino. Vatsigiri vanoshandisa nhauro dzinogombedzera, mashoko, uye zvikumbiro kugoverana mipimo, nepo vashori vachisimbisa ndyiko, miuyo isingakarirwa, kana kuti zvikanganiso zvemiitiro. Kukakavadzana kwacho kwakanyorwa mu [ Conforional Record, vachigovera nhauro yechigarire yenhau.

Danho 7: Kutaura Nenzwi Rako

Kana kukurukurirana kwapera, vavhoti vepanzvimbo yacho.

  • Vota (ye/nay) nokuda kwemari isati iri yehurumende.
  • vhiyi yeterevhizheni [ apo mitezo inomira kuti iverengerwe.
  • vhoti yakatemwa [ (kudana kwokupeta) apo nzvimbo yetezo imwe neimwe inonyorwa pamutemo (iyi ndiyo inozivikanwa zvikurusa nokuda kwemutemo mukuru.)

Voruzhinji (50% + 1) vanodikanwa chaizvoizvo nokuda kwokupfuura, kunyange zvazvo nhau dzakafanana nebvumirano kana kuti kugadziriswa kwebumbiro remitemo kuchida zviito zvikuru. Kana murairo wacho ukakundikana, unofa; kana unopfuura, unobatidzwa (kusimbiswa) ndokutumirwa kune imwe kamuri. Vhoti yacho inogamuchirwa navanhu vose, uye vamiriri vavo vanogona kuona kuti vanosarudza sei (a gene rokuzvidavirira).

Nhano 8: Kurangarira Neimwe Dare

Mugadziriro yebidaral yakadai seUnited States Congress, zvose zviri zviviri Imba neDare zvinofanira kupfuudza zvimiro zvakafanana zvemutemo kuti ive mutemo.

  • [[[NHAU]] Pass muromo se-is (kusiyana, kunze kwematanho asingawirirani).
  • meta mutengo [ ndokuudzorera kunzvimbo yakavakirwa kubvumirano.
  • tsiva zvachose mutengo wacho neshanduro yawo umene (“pultife” inogadziriswa).
  • [ Utsaurire kudare nokuda kwokuzvinzwa kwaro nokutapa.

Uku kurangarirwa kwekamuri rechipiri kazhinji kazhinji kunosuma mifungo yokuwedzera nezvinoiswa pakutanga. Somuenzaniso, mutero unopfuudzwa paImba ungachinjwa zvikuru neDare reMari reDare reDare uriri. Kudzokera shure nerechipfuva kunogona kupedza mwedzi, uye mari zhinji dzebhiri inomira pano kana makamuri asingagoni kurongeka.

Danho 9: Dare Romusangano (Kupedza Misiyano)

Kana makamuri maviri aita shanduro dzakasiyana, dare redare remusangano ringaumbwa kuti ritaure zvinopesana. Dare iri rinoumbwa nenhengo dzakura (vasonganiri) dzinobva mumakamuri nematare anokosha.

  • [[[FOL:0] Tsvakurudzo [ panhambo imwe neimwe yepopokanidzano, kazhinji kazhinji mudzimba dzakavharwa.
  • Kupinza mushumo wemusangano [1] chinyorwa chine udzame chinoyananisa shanduro mbiri, netsananguro dzekubvumirana pane zvisina kufanira kwakasvika.
  • [ Kuratidzira mushumo wemusangano navazhinji vakapiwa vomukamuri rimwe nerimwe.

Mushumo wemusangano unofanira ipapo kutenderwa namakamuri ose ari maviri muvhoti yapamusoro kana kuti pasi pano. Kana inopfuura, chikwereti chinotaurwa kuva “chapetwa” ndokutumirwa kumukuru mukuru. Kana chikakundikana, mushumo ungafa kana kuti ungadzorerwa kumusangano. Mienzaniso yakakwirira-pamusoro, yakadai semari yokuronga kuyanana, inowanzoda marusando enhano kuti varonge misiyano yenzvimbo.

Nhano 10: Kutenderwa Nokupetwa Kwokupedzisira

Kana muripo wemari wakafanana wangopfuudzwa namakamuri ose ari maviri, unonyoreswa nenzira yapamutemo — unodhindwa pamatehwe, unosainwa navakuru vakuru vanotungamirira vomukamuri rimwe nerimwe, uye unoendeswa kumukuru mukuru (Mutungamiriri wehurumende, kana kuti, pamwero wehurumende, gavhuna). Iri zvikurukuru idanho retsika asi rinodikanwa mubumbiro remitemo. Mutengo wakanyoreswa unofanira kuva usina mhosho; chikanganiso chipi nechipi chingagona kutungamirira kudenho dzapamutemo.

Nhano 11: Kuita Chiito Chakananga

Basa ramukuru mukuru nderokuguma kwemitemo.

  • [[FT:0] Chiratidzo pamutemo. Uyu ndiwo mugumisiro unozivikanwa navose wemitemo inopiwa.
  • Mutengo [, uchiudzorera kuCongress nokuramba. Congress inogona kudzora chivara nechikamu chikuru chetatu zviviri muimba imwe neimwe.
  • Tsaura mutemo kuva mutemo pasina siginicha (pabheti vhato kana kuti tendero isingashandi, kuchitsamira parurimi nenguva). Mugadziriro yehurumende yeU.S., kana Purezidhendi asingasai kana kuti kuisa chiratidzo kana kuti kurusarudzi mukati mamazuva 10 (Mazuva okusayina kunze kweapo) apo Congress iri murusando, inova mutemo.
  • [[FOL:0] Pocket vento: Kana Dare richiwirirana mukati menhambo iyoyo yezuva 10, mutongo unokundikana.

Kana zvasainwa kana kuti zvaitwa, mutemo unogamuchira nhamba yoMutemo waVose uye unobatanidzwa muMutemo weU.S. Masangano ebazu makuru ipapo anotanga muitiro wokuronga mirau kuti ashandise mutemo mutsva(a wakaparadzana asi unokosha zvakaenzana. USA.gov kupfupikisana kwemaitirwo emitemo [

Kupfuura Matanho: Kufa Kwomunhu Nekwechibage

Gadziriro yomutemo inowanzoratidzirwa senhevedzano yapanhambo nenhambo, mipimo, asi inoshanda zvikuru. Budiriro inotsamira pakuvaka mubatanidzwa, kurukurirano, kubvumirana pane zvisina kufanira, uye kupfuurira. Zvikwereti zvizhinji zvinofa kwete nemhaka yokuti ipfungwa dzakashata, asi nemhaka yokuti zvinokundikana kukurira mhinganidzo dzemiitiro, kushaiwa murwi, kana kuti kupera kwenguva mukarenda yemitemo.

Vadzidzisi navadzidzi vanofanira kuyeuka kuti muitiro wacho wakarongedzerwa kuva unokurumidzisa zvisarudzo uye kumanikidza bvumirano huru. zvisinei, uku kurangarira kumwe cheteko kunogona kunonotsawo chiito chinodikanwa nokukurumidza. Kunzwisisa zvose zviri zviviri simba nezvikanganiso zvegadziriro yacho kunoshongedzera vagari vemo kubatanidzwa nenzira inobudirira zvikuru, kungava kupfurikidza nokuonana navamiriri vavo, kupupurira pakutonga, kana kuti kunyange kumhanyira nokuda kwenzvimbo.

Mitemo haisi mitemowo zvayo; inoratidza zvinoiswa pakutanga, zvinobvumiranwa, uye zvinokosha zvenzanga zvinozviparira.

mhedziso

Muitiro wokunyora nokugadza mutemo irwendo rwakaoma runodzikamisa ururami hwepamutemo, urongwa hwezvamatongerwe enyika, uye kutora rutivi kwehurumende. Kuvambira pakuzivikanwa kwokutanga kwechinodikanwa chesangano kuchiratidzo chokupedzisira chomukuru mukuru, nhano imwe neimwe inoshanda sechinonyungurudzo chinonatsa pfungwa kuva mitemo inoshanda. Kuvadzidzi navadzidzisi, iyi gadziriro inogovera chiono chinokosha chokunzvera zviitiko zvazvino uno, kuvimbisana kwehurumende, uye chivako chehurumende. Tinonzwisisa zvikuru kugadziridza kwomutemo, tinogona kutora rutivi runobudirira zvikuru mukuumba mitemo inodzora nzanga dzedu.

Kunzvera kunzvera kwenguva chaiyo yezvikwereti ndokudzidza zvakawanda pamusoro pomuitiro wewirogioti, shanyira .gov kana kuti bvunza GovTrack.us[ nokuda kwokunzvera kwakazvimirira. Kubatanidzwa nomuitiro wewirogialgs kusati kuri bedzi rudyi.htromet ibasa rinotsigira kudzora kwoutongi hwedemocratic.