Table of Contents

Kunzwisisa Simba Rekutaura Kwenhau

Hurukuro dzenhau dzakaita basa rokuchinja mukuumba nzanga, masangano anonyandura, uye kuchinja nzira yezvinoitika zvavanhu. Kuvambira pamirairo yekare yakatanga hondo dzehondo kusvikira kukero dzazvino uno idzo dzinoparadza gadziriro dzedzvinyiriro, hurukuro huru dzinoda unyanzvi hwokutaura uye mano okupa shoko nechishuvo nemirangariro izvo zvinonyandura chiito uye zvinoparira chinjo. Kunzwisisa ukoshi hwehurukuro idzi kunobatanidza mutoo wakajeka unonzvera mashoko, mashoko ari mukati, kupiwa, uye tapuro inogara. Iyi nhungamiro yakakwana ichakubetsera kukudziridza unyanzvi hunokosha hunodikanwa kuzivisa hurukuro dzinokosha munhau yose uye kududzira mashoko adzo makuru.

Kunzwisisa hurukuro dzenhau hakusati kuriwo zvako muitiro wedzidzo yedzidzo, uye unyanzvi hunoshanda hunovandudza kufunga kwokutsoropodza, hunovandudza mano okukurukurirana, uye hunogovera nzwisiso yemagadzirire anoita mutauro nyika yedu. Kana uri mudzidzi, mudzidzisi, muzivi wenhau, kana kuti munhu anofarira simba ramashoko, anodzidza kuziva nokunzvera kutaura kunokosha kuchakudza kuonga kwako nokuda kwounyanzvi hwokutaura nepesvedzero yako inogara panzanga.

Zvinhu Zvinokosha Zvokutaura Zvikuru

Chii Chinoita Kuti Kutaura Kukoshe Kare?

Kutaura kwenhau kunokosha kunopfuura nguva yako inokurumidza kunzwika muzvizvarwa zvose, kuchipesvedzera kwete chete avo vakakunzwa zvakananga asi vamwe vasingaverengeki vanosangana nako kupfurikidza nechinyorwa chakanyorwa kana kuti zvinyorwa.

Muna 1999, kuongorora kwakaitwa nyanzvi 137 dzezvematongerwo enyika uye kutaura pachena kwakaratidza kuti hurukuro dzezvamatongerwe enyika dzinonyanya kukosha 100 dzomuzana remakore rechi21, dzichiongorora hurukuro dzichienderana nezvadzinoita munzanga uye mune zvematongerwo enyika, uye dzichiratidza kuti nyanzvi dzinonyora zvinhu dzisingadi kupindurwa.

Hurukuro dzakanakisisa dzakasiya chiratidzo panzanga kwezvizvarwa, dzichiita kuti nyika yedu ive inozvidavirira, uye dzichitinyandura kumukira mukurwisana nengozi dzose, dzichipfuura nguva nenzvimbo apo dzinopa uchenjeri hunonyandura mweya nguva refu pashure pokunge vakurukuri vapakuvamba vanyaradzwa.

Mbiru Nhatu Dzokukurukurirana Kunonyengetedza

Kunzwisisa mashoko aya kunokosha chaizvo kana tikaziva kuti vanhu vanotaura sei uye kuti vanonzwa sei.

[Ethos: Kugadza Kujeka uye Chivimbo

Ethos ndiyo inoita kuti kutaura kana kuti kunyora kuratidzike kuva kunotendwa uye kwakavimbika, ichiratidza kuti vanoziva zvavari kutaura pamusoro pazvo uye kuti vakatendeseka, zvinobetsera kupwisa vamwe kuti vanogona kuvimbwa navo. Vatauri vanogadza zvisakiso kupfurikidza nomukurumbira wavo, unyanzvi, tsika, uye chiremera zvavanounza kunhau dzavo.

Nhamba dzenhau dzakafanana naFrederick Douglas, uyo akasimuka muuranda ndokuva mudzori akatanhamara wekurambidza, akaunza kutaura kwavo kukuru kupfurikidza neruzivo rwokuzviwanira rwakararama. Nenzira yakafanana, nzvimbo yaWinston Churchill soMutungamiriri Mukuru mukati meHondo yeNyika II yakaisa ukoshi kukero dzake dzehondo. Pakunzvera hurukuro, rangarira kuti zvii zvinobvumikiswa, zvinoitika, kana kuti nzvimbo zvechiremera izvo mukurukuri anounza kushoko ravo.

[[[Ndodzi] Pathos: Kufadza Kumirangariro[

Paros iri apo unoedza kuita kuti vanhu vaunotaura vanzwe chimwe chinhu, kuita batano kupfurikidza nokugoverana mirangariro, zvinodikanwa, kana kuti rutyo. Hurukuro dzinoyeukwa kazhinji kazhinji dzinobudirira nemhaka yokuti dzinobata mwoyo pamwe chete nendangariro. Kukumbira kwemirangariro kunogona kunyandura tariro, kunyandura hasha pakusaruramisira, kunyandura ushingi munguva dzorutyo, kana kuti kuita pfungwa yedonzo rimwe chete.

Martin Luther King's "Ndine hope" hurukuro, yakapiwa kuboka ravane 250 000 paChirangaridzo cheLincoln muWashington D.C., yakazara nenongedzero kumagwaro eBhaibheri, akanyorwa, uye enhau, achisimbisa chiroto chaMambo zvakasimba mumashoko anozivikanwa uye nhau dzakarovedzeka. Uku kushandiswa kwounyanzvi kwemitsetse yakabatana navateereri pamwero yemirangariro yakawanda.

[ Logos: Kushandisa Logic neChikonzero

Logos anonongedzera kuchimiro chine mufungo chenharo, kubatanidza kushandiswa kwamaidi, nhamba, ufakazi hwenhau, uye kurangarira kune mufungo. Nepo kunyandura kwemirangariro kunowana ngwariro, zvibvumikiso zvine mufungo zvinogovera hwaro hwouchenjeri hunoita kuti kutaura kuve kunonyengetedza vafungi vanotsoropodza. Hurukuro dzinobudirira zvikurusa dzinodzikamisa kukumbira kwose kutatu, kushandisa mufungo kutsigira kutaura kwemirangariro uye kusimbisa kuvimbika kuti zvose zviri zviviri zvive zvinopwisa zvikuru.

Kunzwisisa Nhoroondo

Kukosha Kwenguva Yakatarwa Nemamiriro Ezvinhu

Kunyora kwemashoko kwakapoteredza, sezvo hurukuro yehondo ichida unyanzvi hwakasiyana - siyana kupfuura kuungana kwekodzero dzevanhu, uye kudanidzira kwokuchinja kwezvombo hakunzwiki sehurukuro yokutanga.

Paunenge uchiongorora hurukuro yezvakaitika kare, kutanga nokuongorora mamiriro ezvinhu akapoteredza kukurukurwa kwayo, funga mibvunzo yakadai sokuti: Zvii zvikuru zvakanga zvichiitika panguva iyoyo, vanhu vakanga vasingawirirani, vaitsigira zvematongerwo enyika, kana kuti vaitsigira upfumi hwavo?

Kutaura kwaChurchill kwa1940 kwakanga kuchikosha kwete bedzi nokuda kwaChurchill, uyo akanga achangobva kusarudzwa bedzi Mutungamiriri weHurumende, asiwo nemhaka yokuti America yakanga ichigere kupinda muhondo, uye Churchill aiziva kuti England yaida chitsigiri chine simba. Kunzwisisa aya mashoko akapoteredza kunobetsera kutsanangura chikonzero nei Churchill akaita shoko rake kuti aratidzire kutsunga nokutsunga kweBritain.

Nguva Dzinokosha Munhoroondo

Hurukuro dzinokosha zvikurusa dzinowanzoitika munguva dzinopera dzehondo, kumukira, masangano enzanga, njodzi dzebumbiro remitemo, kana kuti nguva dzokuchinja kunokurumidza kwenzanga.

Frederick Douglas, akaberekwa ari muranda asi akasvika pakukurumbira somurambidzi, akataura kuvateereri vake musi wa5 July, achisarudza noune zuva rakatevera mhemberero dzezuva rokuzvimirira kweAmerica kuti aratidze kusaruramisira nounyengeri hwokupemberera 'kuzvimirira' nepo uranda hwakanga huchiri pamutemo. Iyi nguva yesangano yakakudza shoko rekutaura uye simba.

Muna 1942, inodokuva nyika yose yakanga yakabatanidzwa murwisano, uye India yakanga isiri yechienzi, yave ichigara mukutonga kweBritain kwerinopfuura zana ramakore, nenyongano ichiwedzera apo Great Britain yakakumbanira Hondo yeNyika II ndokuvamba kukwevera India murwisano, kuchitungamirira Gandhi kuendesa hurukuro dzake dzakakurumbira "Rega India". Kubatanidzwa kwehondo yenyika yose nodzvinyiriro yehurumende kwakaparira migariro nokuda kwehurukuro yenhau yaGandhi.

Kunzwisisa Vateereri

Kutaura kuri kwose kunorongwa nevateereri vakananga mupfungwa, uye kunzwisisa kuti vateereri vanokosha pakuturikira zvisarudzo zvomukurukuri. Rangarira kwete bedzi kuti ndiani akanga aripo kuti anzwe hurukuro yacho asiwo vateereri vakawanda vaikarira kusvika kupfurikidza nokufukidzwa kwenhau kana kuti chinyorwa chenhau.

Muna 1940 hurukuro yaChurchill yakapiwa kuImba yeCommons uye panguva yacho haina kuziviswa nechero projekiti yakafara, pakupedzisira muna 1949 yakanyorwa pazvido zveBBC. Pasinei zvapo navateereri vayo vokutanga vashoma, simba rokutaura rakavimbisa kuchengetwa kwaro nokuzivikanwa kwakapararira pakupedzisira.

Mutungamiriri wezvematongerwo enyika angataura zvakananga kuvagari vemo asi achitumira mashoko kune dzimwe nyika, kune dzimwe nyika, kana kuti kune vamwe vanopikisana. Kunzwisisa mashoko evateereri ava kunzi vanzwi kunobatsira kubudisa pachena kuoma kwemashoko ose.

Kuongorora Zvaitaurwa Nemagadzirirwo Azvo

Kuziva Misoro Nemashoko

Hurukuro dzinobudirira dzinonanga zvikurukuru pamisoro yakajeka, inogombedzera inotapura mipimo nezvishuvo zvavateereri vavo. Nhau dzinozivikanwa navose muhurukuro dzinokosha dzenhau dzinobatanidza rusununguko, ruramisiro, kuenzana, chinzwano, chibairo, ushingi, chinjo, uye tariro. Iyi mifungo yapose pose inobatana nezvinoitika zvikuru zvavanhu nezvishuvo.

Paunenge uchiongorora mashoko anotaurwa, taura mashoko anokosha nokubvunza kuti: Mukurukuri anenge achipa pfungwa ipi kana kuti chinangwa chake?

Gettysburg Addressburg yaLincoln yakaratidzira chinangwa cheHondo yeChizvarwa chose pakuchengeta Union kuzadzika chipikirwa chokuenzana muChiziviso Chokuzvimirira, muenzaniso wounyanzvi wokuvandudza mativi ekurukurirano. Uku kushandura kwakachinja nzira iyo vaAmerica vakanzwisisa nayo revo yehondo nedonzo.

Kuziva Zvishandiso Zvokurapa

Zvishandiso zvokushandisa zvinoshanda izvo munyori upi noupi kana kuti mukurukuri anogona kushandisa kuita kuti mashoko avo ave nesimba zvikuru kuvateereri, kuita kuti hurukuro dzive dzinonyengetedza zvikuru nokunyora kusingakanganwiki zvikuru.

[[[Nhamba: 0] Kunyorwa uye Anaphora

Anaphora kudzokororwa kwamashoko mamwe chetewo pamavambo ezvitsama zvezvitsama, zvitsama, kana kuti mitsetse. Iyi chishandiswa inoumba mutinhimira, inosimbisa mifungo mikuru, uye inoita kuti hurukuro dziyeukwe zvikuru. Chitsama chinodzokororwa chaMartin Luther King Jr.'s chinodzokororwa "Ndine hope" chinoenzanisira iyi nzira, sezvinoita chinonzi "Ticharwa" kugadzirwa.

Kudzokorora mashoko akati kunobetsera kuita kuti pfungwa dziri mazviri dzive dzinoratidzika se‘pfungwa yakajairika, ’ uye muhurukuro refu shoko-refu rinogona kushandiswa kubatanidza kutaura kwacho ndokusimbisa mipimo yetsika. Iyi nzira inobetsera vateereri kuyeuka nokupinza shoko romukurukuri.

[[[FURO:0] Metafir naAlogoy[[FL:1]

Mametaphor zviratidzo zvomutauro zvinopa zviratidzo zvepfungwa dzisinganzwisisiki, zvinobvira nemhaka yokufanana kunofungidzirwa pakati pezvinhu nemirangariro pamusoro pemativi akati ayo munhu anoda kupa.

Zvirevo, uko migariro yapanguva ino inoenzaniswa nezvinoitika zvenhau kana kuti ngano, mativi anozivikanwa navose muhurukuro dzezvamatongerwe enyika, nehurukuro dzaMartin Luther King nenzira inoratidzirwa dzinokweva mashoko pakati pomugariro weAfrica weAmerica nedzvinyiriro yavaHebheru muEgipita. Uku kuenzanisa kunobetsera vateereri kunzwisisa rwisano dzazvino uno kupfurikidza neresi renhau dzakarovedzeka.

[ Kuisa mashoko neZvishandiso zveSound Division[[FL:1]

Kudzokororwa kwenzwi rimwe chetero ramavambo mumashoko anoverengeka, uye mukunyora kwokunyengetedza, inzira youshingi kuwedzera nayo simbiso kumamwe mashoko. Michina inorira inoita mashoko asingakanganwiki ndokuwedzera nziyo kuhurukuro, ichiita kuti dzifadze zvikuru kunzwa uye kuve nyore kuyeuka.

Kubatanidza inzvimbo inowanika bhii rimwe chetero kana kuti munzwi pamavambo emashoko akabatana kana kuti akabatanidzwa zvikuru, anoshandiswa kuisa simbiso paboka ramashoko kana kuti kukwevera ngwariro kuaya mashoko.

[[[DZO] Tricolon naZvikamu Zvitatu]

Tricolon mukupfigwa kweGettysburg Address ("hurumende yavanhu, yavanhu, nokuda kwavanhu) inoumba chimwe chemashoko enhau asingakanganwiki zvikurusa kupfurikidza negadziriro inowirirana. Mutoo wavatatu unoparira pfungwa yokukwana nokurova uko kunoita kuti mashoko adzoke zvikuru.

Kuongorora Mutauro uye Mashoko

Kutaura kwakasimba kunowanzoshandisa mutauro wakajeka, unoumba mifananidzo yepfungwa uye mhinduro dzepfungwa.

Ngwarira mashoko ane mirangariro yakasimba ine mirangariro inopesvedzera kuti vateereri vafunge sei nhau. Cherekedza kana mukurukuri achishandisa mutauro unobatanidza ("we,"""""), kuumba kubatana kana kuti kuparadzanisa mutauro kumapoka. Zvikamu mashoko anotsiva mazita, ne "I" zvakajeka kuzivisa kuti ndiani ane mutoro nepo "we" achiita mugariro womutoro wakajeka zvishoma kana kuti kuita chikumbiro kufariro dzakafanana.

Mienzaniso chaiyo inoita kuti kukurukurirana kujeke uye kujeke, nepo mutauro usina musoro ungaita kuti vanhu vakurukure nyaya dzenheyo uye tsika dzepasi pose.

Kunzwisisa Matauriro Anoita Kutaura

Hurukuro huru dzinotevera magadzirirwo akaitwa nemaune ayo anotungamirira vateereri kunharo uye anovamba kusvika pamhedziso dzine simba.

  • [ kuvhura hoko dzinobata ngwariro ndokusimbisa ukoshi hwekutaura
  • Mosterefix iyo inoratidzira nhambo yazvino mukati menhauro huru zvikuru
  • [ Chisarudzo chapanguva yazvino [ chinonyatsojekesa chinetso kana kuti kusaruramisira kuri kukurukurwa
  • Kuvhura kana kuti kuona [ kunopa nzira inoenda mberi kana kuti inorondedzera nguva yemberi iri nani
  • [ Kuronga kuita kunosimudzira vateereri kumiitiro yakati kana kuti misengwa
  • Mhedziso inoyevedza [ inosiya vateereri vachirangarira zvechigarire

Apo mukurukuri anonyora zvinyorwa zvehurukuro, ivo vanovamba ndokugumisa kutaura kwavo nepfungwa imwe cheteyo kana kuti musoro kuti vasimbise pfungwa iyoyo kana kuti musoro.

Gettysburg Address yaiumbwa namashoko 272 akakurukurwa November 19, 1863, nokupfupikisa kwayo imene kuva chisarudzo chokusada mhinduro, ichibvumikisa kuti tapuro haisati ichida urefu. Dzimwe nguva hurukuro dzine simba zvikurusa dzinowana tapuro dzadzo kupfurikidza nomugariro wemari womutauro panzvimbo perondedzero refu.

Kuongorora Zvazvakaita Uye Nhaka

Migumisiro Yakurumidza Nezvirango

Vanhu vakaita sei panguva iyoyo?

Kutaura kwaPope Urban kwakanga kwakakura, sezvo kutaura kwacho kwaibatanidza kudana kuhondo kwakatanga Hondo yehondo Yokutanga. Dzimwe hurukuro dzine miuyo yapakarepo, inoshamisa inochinja mufambiro wezvinoitika.

Kunyange zvazvo mashoko aMandela asina kumuponesa pakuwanirwa mhaka, kutaura kwake kune simba kwakabaya ndangariro dzavanhu vaiteerera ndokunyandura kusagadzikana muSouth Africa, nokutaura kwake noushingi zvichiva zvinokosha mukuparadza gadziriro yorusaruraganda. Kunyange apo miuyo inoshanda inokurumidza inenge yakaganhurirwa, kutaura kunogona kusima mbeu dzinokura kuva masangano.

Pesvedzero Yenguva Refu Panzanga

Nguva dzose rondedzero huru dzinotsvaka kunyengetedza vateereri nezveidi rakati kana kuti pfungwa, nehurukuro dzakanakisisa dzinochinja mwoyo nepfungwa uye dzinoratidzika kuva dzinofadza makumi amakore anoverengeka kana kuti mazana amakore anenge abviswa seaakatanga kupiwa. Mwero wechokwadi woukoshi hwekutaura kazhinji kazhinji unova wakajeka bedzi nokupfuura kwenguva.

Rangarira kuti kutaura kwakapesvedzera sei zvinoitika zvakatevera, miitiro, kana kuti masangano enzanga. Kwakanyandura here mutemo kana kuti chinjo dzapamutemo? Kwakava here kudanidzira kunonyandura nokuda kwavatsigiri kana kuti vachinji? Kwakanyorwa kana kuti kunokorwa mashoko navatungamiriri namasangano akatevera here? Martin Luther King’s "Indine hope" kutaura, kwakapiwa mukati maMarch paWashington ya1963, kwakava nguva inorondedzera muAmerican Civil Rights Movement uye kunorumbidzwa nokupesvedzera Civil Rights Act ya19444.

Zuva rimwe chetero rehurukuro yaGandhi, All India Congress Committee yakaita Pugn India Resolution, uye pakupedzisira muzhizha ra1947, India yakaziviswa nyika yakazvimirira pakupedzisira. Kubatana kwakaita kutaura kwakasimba nechinjo yezvematongerwe enyika chaiyo kunoratidza kukosha kwazvo kwenyika.

Kuyeuka Tsika uye Kuramba Kuchichinja

Mashoko avo anopinda mutsika dzinozivikanwa nevanhu vose, uye pfungwa dzavo dzinoramba dzichikurudzira zvizvarwa zvitsva kuti zvitarisane nematambudziko akasiyana - siyana asi anoenderana neavo.

JFK's 1961 pasi pe14-14 ungwaru hwokutanga yakatanga unganganiziri hwake ndokuita nharidzano dzeHondo Yemashoko dzechinzwano nebasa, nemutsetse unoti "Kumbira kuti nyika yako haingakuitirei..." kuva chimwe chemashoko ezvamatongerwe enyika anonokorwa zvikurusa munhau. Mashoko asingaperi akadaro anoratidzira tapuro inogara yetsika yekurukurirano.

Kupfuurira kushanda kwehurukuro dzenhau kazhinji kazhinji kunobva mukuumbwa kwadzo kwenheyo dzisingachinji kana kuti kuratidzirwa kwadzo kunoshamisa kwezvinoitika zvavanhu zvose.

Zvinhu Zvinokosha Zvokutaura Zvinokosha

Kununurwa Munguva Dzinonetsa

Nguva idzi dzinokosha dzinoita kuti pave nokudiwa kweutungamiriri nemashoko uye mamiriro ezvinhu kuti mashoko iwayo ave nezvakawanda.

Patrick Henry akataura kukokorodzano yeVirginia ichirangarira kubviswa kwoumambo hweBritain muna March 1775, achiti: “Hondo yacho chaizvoizvo yakavamba" uye anogumisa kuti“ Handizivi kuti vamwe vangatora nzirai; asi kana ndirini, ndipe rusununguko, kana kuti ndipe rufu. Kutaura uku kunoratidzira kuti nguva dzinoda zvikuru sei uye dzinogonesa kutaura kune simba.

Mumutauro Usingakanganwiki uye Unokurudzira

Zvino miromo mikuru inofadza mwoyo yavateereri, nendangariro, nezvakadikanwa, ichikwira kupfuura zvimwe nemhaka yokuchiva kwavakapiwa nako, namashoko amene; rurimi rwokutaura kukuru runobatanidza kungwara nokunaka nokunaka kwepfungwa.

Mashoko aya anowanzova mapfupi kana kuti anoshanda panzvimbo imwe chete kuti anyatsojeka uye kuti ashande pamwe chete.

Gettysburg Address, imwe inozivikanwa zvikurusa yehurukuro dzaLincoln uye imwe yemhino dzake, yakavamba neiyi rondedzero yaiti: Makore makumi masere namanomwe apfuura madzibaba edu akabereka, pakondinendi ino, rudzi rutsva, rwakanambwa norusununguko uye rwakatsaurirwa kurangana kwokuti vanhu vose vakasikwa vakaenzana, uye Lincoln akataura kwamaminiti maviri. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti kupfupika kworurimi rune simba kunogona kuparira simba nokusingaperi.

Zvinoita Kuti Vanhu Vafunge Kana Kuti Vatevedzere

Kutaura hakuna kungotaura mifungo; ivo vaingofara, mukurukuri mumwe nomumwe achitarisana navateereri avo vaifanira kusundwa kubva pabvumirano yokusaita chiito kusvikira kukuita chimwe chinhu, kuraira kunyandura kwemirangariro kusingakarirwi kwakabatanidzwa nenziyo dzakajeka. Hurukuro dzinoisvokosha hadzingorondedzeri chinhu chaichoicho.

Kuchinja uku kunogona kuva nezvimiro zvakawanda: kuchinja maonero anoita vanhu panyaya dzinomutsa nharo, kukurudzira vanhu kuti vabatane nemasangano kana kuti zvisakiso, kumanikidza hurumende kuchinja mitemo, kukurudzira vanhu kuti vaite mabasa okushinga kana kuti okushandira vamwe, kana kuti kutsanangura manzwisisiro anoita vanhu matambudziko avo uye zvavanogona kuita.

Eleanor Roosevelt, akagadzwa senhume yeUnited States kuChibatanwa chaMarudzi pashure porufu rwaPurezidhendi Roosevelt, akaita basa gurusa roupenyu hwake kupfurikidza nokunyora nokupa Universal Declaration of Human Rights, yakafuridzirwa noutsinye hweHondo yeNyika II kurondedzera rusununguko rwavanhu vose. Kutaura uku kwakaguma zvakananga nechinyorwa chehwaro hwomutemo wamarudzi ose.

Kuratidza Tsika Dzaivapo uye Kuchinja Kwenguva Yacho

Nokutaura mashoko anozivikanwa nevanhu vakawanda asi zvichida asina kujekeswa, hurukuro dzinogona kubudisa pachena uye kuita kuti vanhu vanzwisise zvinetso nezvinangwa zvavo vose.

Panguva imwe cheteyo, kutaura kunoshandura zvikurusa hakungoratidziri bedzi mipimo iripo() inodenha vateereri kurarama mukuwirirana nezvinofungidzirwa kana kuti kukudza ndangariro dzavo dzetsika. Inoparira kusanzwisisa kupfurikidza nokusimbisa misiyano pakati penheyo nemiitiro, pakati pezvido nezvinoitika.

Kuyeukwa Kwakawanda uye Kunononyorwa

Kuongorora nguva kunoratidza kuti ndedzipi hurukuro dzinokosha. Hurukuro dzinokosha dzinoongororwa muzvikoro, dzinotaurwa munharo dzepanguva iyoyo, dzinochengetwa pamazuva okuyeuka, uye dzinonokorwa mashoko nezvizvarwa zvinotevera zvavatungamiriri nevatsigiri.

Mharidzo yapaGomo zvichida ihurukuro yakakurumbira zvikurusa yenyika, pasina kutaura kwave kuchirangarirwa zvikuru, kuchipesvedzera zvikuru, kana kuti kwakawanda kunonokorwa mashoko. uyu muenzaniso wakakomba unoratidzira kuti kutaura kunokosha zvikurusa kunogona sei kupesvedzera shambidziko kwezviuru zvamakore.

Mienzaniso Yekutaura Kwenhau Kunochinja

Kutaura Kwakatanga Masangano

Dzimwe hurukuro dzinoita kuti kusagutsikana kana kuti chido chive masangano akarongwa.

Patrick Henry yakanga iri nhano huru kukuzvimirira kweAmerica, naThomas Jefferson naGeorge Washington vose vari vaviri vaivapo, avo vakapfuurira kuita mabasa makuru mukuumbwa kweAmerica uye kuva mapurezidhendi eU. uku kutaura kwakabetsera kuchinja kudzivisa kwehurumende yeRoma kuva kuzvipira kwokumukira.

Gandhi, yakaitwa pausiku hwakatangira sangano rakaita pakupedzisira mu1947 Indien Independence Act, yakasimbisa nzvimbo yaro munhau seimwe yehurukuro dzinokosha zvikurusa, zvikurukuru pamusoro pemiuyo yaro yezvamatongerwe enyika. Hurukuro dze "Kurega India" dzinoenzanisira kuti hurukuro dzinogona sei kutanga masangano okuzvitonga ayo anodzosera marudzi.

Kutaura Kwairatidza Kuzivikanwa Kwerudzi Rwavo

Dzimwe hurukuro dzinobatsira nyika kunzwisisa, kutsanangura zvadzinoshandira pamwe, kana kuti kutsanangurazve nhoroondo dzenyika.

Hurukuro yokutanga yokutanga yaGeorge Washington muna 1789 yakaona Purezidhendi wokutanga achikurukura Huru hweChibvumirano chokutanga pashure pokutsaurirwa kwake, achigadza muenzaniso nokuda kwokutanga kutaura kwose kunotevera. Uku kutaura kwakabetsera kutanga vara nechimiro choutungamiriri hwehurumende yeAmerica.

Hurukuro yaNelson Mandela "I Am Listen to Die" yakarondedzera hurumende inosarudzwa navanhu yeSouth Africa, yakapiwa sekero yamaawa matatu kubva pachiteshi chengarava chaipomerwa apo yaipindura pomero dzaaitarisana nadzo somugumisiro wokurwa kwake norusaruro rweSouth Africa. Kutaura uku kwakajekesa nheyo idzo pakupedzisira dzaizotungamirira rudzi rwakashandurwa.

Kutaura Kunobatanidza Marudzi Ari Munjodzi

Kutaura kunogona kupa ushingi, kubatana, uye kugadzirisa zvinhu.

Churchill akanyora kutaura kwake kwose iye amene uye haana kutongoshandisa rondedzero yorunhare mukati mokupa, achiiendesa kuBritish House of Commons muna June 1940 kukurudzira rudzi rwacho pashure pokubuda muDunkirk. "Ticharwa pamhenderekedzo dzegungwa" kutaura kwake kunoratidzira nguva dzehondo dzinoratidzira kutaura kwakatsigira tsika dzorudzi mukati memigariro yakaoma zvikuru.

Muma1500, Spain yainzi ndiyo nyika ine simba zvikuru munyika yose, uye mauto nengarava pazvakatanga kurwisa Britain, mauto eSpain ndiwo akanga akawandisa kupfuura mamwe ose, asi chimwe chinhu chazvaiva nacho ndechokuti Spain yakanga isiri Mambokadzi Elizabeth I.

Kutaura Kwakadenha Kusaruramisira

Zvakawanda zvehurukuro dzinokosha zvikurusa dzenhau zvakatarisana zvakananga netsika dzokudzvinyirira, kusaenzana, kana kuti kusaruramisira.

Kutaura kwaFrederick Douglas kwakava imwe yeshurikidzo dzine simba zvikurusa dzeAmerica munhambo yeantebellum, yakakurukurwa muna 1852 nomurume aichimbova musungwa uyo akashurikidza kuchengetwa kwokuzvimirira kweAmerica apo mamiriyoni akaramba ari muuranda. Kutaura uku kunoratidzira kuti kupokanidzana kwetsika nokuraira zvinogona kuva nesimba sei.

Kutaura kweSojourner Truth, kwakakurukurwa May 29, 1851 paKokorodzano yekodzero dzavakadzi muAkron, Ohio, akashandisa ufakazi hwomunhu oga soufakazi, nenhauro yeZvokwadi yebasa rake amene uye kutambura kubudisa nharo dzisina mufungo pamusoro poutera hwavakadzi nesimba zvikuru kupfuura zvaigona kufungwa. Kutaura kwake "Handini Handi Mukadzi ”?

Kutaura Kwakadzikamisa

Dzimwe hurukuro dzinobatsira kupedza kusawirirana, kuvaka mabhuroko pakati pemapoka anopikisana, kana kuti kuita kuti pave nezvikonzero zvinopindirana pakati pemakakatanwa.

Chifo chomugumo weHondo yeNyika II, Germany yakanga yave iri nyika yakakamukana, uye apo Purezidhendi Reagan akatora nzvimbo, akanga akazvipira kubatanidza nyika iyoyo nokuparadza Umambo hwose hweEvil," nenhambo yake isingakanganwiki zvikurusa neyokufananidzira apo Reagan akamira parusvingo rweBerlin ndokudenha Gorbachev ku "putsa rusvingo urwu." uku kutaura kwakaratidzira bviro rokukurira mapoka anoratidzika kuva echigarire.

Kukudziridza Unyanzvi Hwako Hwokushandisa Mishonga

Nzira Dzokusanorava

Kukwanisa kuziva hurukuro dzinokosha uye kududzira mashoko adzo kunoda kurovedza pakunyatsoverenga zvinhu zvinonyatsofungwa nezvazvo.

Paunozoverenga, woongorora zvimwe zvinhu: Zvinhu zvokushandisa zvisina mhinduro, magadzirirwo akaitwa, mashoko anoshandiswa, uye nzira dzokutaura nadzo.

Cherechedza mashoko sezvaunoverenga, kunyora zvikamu zvinokosha, kunyora mibvunzo, uye kuongorora manyorerwo akaitwa zvinhu.

Kunzvera Mativi Endima

Kunzwisisa zvizere hurukuro kunoda kunzvera mashoko ayo enhau.

Verenga nhoroondo dzepanguva iyoyo dzinotaura kuti mashoko acho aigamuchirwa sei. Tarira kuti uone kuti pepanhau, tsamba, mapepa, kana kuti mamwe magwaro anoratidza kuti vanhu vanobva vaita sei. Nzvera kuti mashoko anobva pazviitiko zvakatevera anobatsira here kuti pave nezviito, nharo dzakaita kuti pave nepesvedzero, kana kuti azova mushandi wemasangano anotevera?

Uku kutaura kwokuenzanisa kunokubatsira kunzwisisa chakaita kuti hurukuro chaidzo dzisiyane kana kuti dzive dzinoshanda zvikuru kana kuti dzive chadzinosiyanisa nevamwe.

Kuongorora Kunonetsa

Sezvaunodzidza, usangoyeuka nomusoro kuti ndiani akataura chii uye kuti apo, zvibvunze kuti nei mukurukuri mumwe nomumwe akaita zvisarudzo zvakati, kuti zvirongwa zvipi zvisingadi mhinduro zvakaparira, uye kuti zvinodzikamisa sei shoko rokuti tigos, rapos, uye ethos, sokunge kuti ndizvo zvinoparadzanisa mukwikwidzani anonokora mashoko anobva kune uyo anorinzwisisa chaizvoizvo.

Kudziridza kufunga kwako kwokutsoropodza kupfurikidza nokupanikira kufungidzira nokurangarira zvimwe zvinhu. Pakanga pane utera here munharo dzomukurukuri? Kutaura kwacho kwakava nemigumisiro isina kurongwa here? Vateereri vakasiana - siana vangadai vakadudzira sei kutaura kumwe cheteko?

Kukurudzira kwepfungwa kwakanga kwakakodzera here kumamiriro ezvinhu acho, kana kuti vakashandisa zvisina kunaka vateereri?

Kuongorora Kunoenzanisa

Kuenzanisa hurukuro dzakawanda kuchakubatsira kuziva maitiro onzwisisa zvinoita kuti dzimwe hurukuro dzinyatsoshanda. Enzanisa hurukuro pamisoro yakafanana inopiwa munguva dzakasiyana - siyana, kana kuti hurukuro dzinopiwa nevatungamiriri vakasiyana - siyana dzinotaura nezvedambudziko rimwe chete. Ona kuti nzira dzokuita zvinhu dzisingadaviri kugadziriswa sei nokufamba kwenguva uye dzinosiyana - siyana mutsika.

Kusiyana kwakaita matauriro avanoita, mararamiro avo, mamiriro avo ezvematongerwo enyika, kana kuti tsika dzavo, kunobatsira sei pakusarudza zvavanoda kuti vasada kuziva?

Zvirongwa Zvinoshanda Nezviwanikwa

Kwokuwana Kutaura Kwenhau

Mayunivhesiti akawanda nemaraibhurari anochengeta mapepa ehurukuro dzinokosha, kusanganisira marekodhi nemavhidhiyo kana kuti marekodhi paanenge ari.Indaneti yeAmerica yeRhetoric inopa hurukuro dzakawanda dzinoongororwa.National Archives, Library of Congress, uye mamwe masangano ari mune dzimwe nyika anochengetedza magwaro enhau kusanganisira kutaura.

Mafirimu akanyorwa nemavhidhiyo edzidzo anowanzoratidza mashoko anobva muhurukuro dzinokosha nenhau dzakaitika kare.

Masangano enhau anochengeta kero huru dzezvamatongerwe enyika.

Kusvika Kwedzidzo

Kana uri mudzidzisi, kubatanidza kunzvera kutaura muzvinodzidzwa zvako kunovandudza kufunga kwavadzidzi kwokutsoropodza, unyanzvi hwekurukurirano, uye nzwisiso yenhau. Vadzidzi ngavafananidze hurukuro dzinobva kunhambo dzakasiana dzinotaura misoro yakafanana. Kumbira kuti vaone mashandiro asina mhinduro uye nzvera kushanda kwawo. Kurudzira vadzidzi kunzvera mashoko enhau ndokunzvera tapuro yekurukurirano.

Rangarira kuva navadzidzi vanopa hurukuro dzavo vamene panhau dzapanguva ino, vachishandisa unyanzvi hwokusada mhinduro hwavakadzidza. Iyi nzira yokudzidza yokushingaira inobetsera vadzidzi kunzwisisa kutaura kwete bedzi senzvero asi somuitiro. Kunzvera kwavana vavadzidzi kunovandudza unyanzvi hwokuteerera kunotsoropodza.

Kurukurai mikana yokuti vadzidzi vataure nezvokunaka kwehurukuro dzakasiyana - siyana kana kuti kukurukura kuti hurukuro dzenhau dzinoramba dzichishanda sei kunhau dzemazuva ano.

Kushandisa Zvidzidzo Pakukurukurirana Kwenguva Ino

Kunzwisisa hurukuro dzenhau hakungorevi kungonzwisisa zvakaitika kare, zvinopa zvidzidzo zvinobatsira pakukurukurirana kwepanguva ino. Nheyo dzinoita kuti hurukuro dzenhau dzishande dzinoshanda kumunhu wose anoda kunyengetedza, kukurudzira, kana kuti kuzivisa vateereri.

Kana uri kupa mharidzo kubasa, kutsigira nokuda kwechisakiso, kunyora nenzira yokunyengetedza, kana kuti kungoedza bedzi kukurukura zvinobudirira zvikuru muupenyu hwezuva nezuva, unogona kushandisa zvidzidzo zvinobva muhurukuro huru. Rangarira vateereri vako nokungwarira. Gadzirira shoko rako nokuda kwetapuro huru. Shandisa mienzaniso yakajeka nomutauro wakajeka. Kufadza kuzvose zviri zviviri mufungo nemirangariro. Ita kuti shoko rako guru rive rakajeka nerisingakanganwiki.

Cherechedza kuti vakurukuri vanoshandisa sei manzwi avo, volume, kumbomira, uye kusimbisa zvinhu, kuti vawedzere mashoko avo.

Kudzidza Kuverenga Nezvinobudisa Mashoko

Kunzwisisa nzira idzi dzinobatsira kuongorora mashoko nenzira yokungwarira pane zvokutaura kuchiri kukosha kupfuura kare.

Kana ukasangana nekurukurirano inonyengetedza, zvibvunze umene, kuti: Chii chiri chinangwa chomukurukuri? Vateereri ndivanaani? Urongwai husingadaviriki huri kushandiswa? Ufakazii hunotsigira kutaura kwacho? Chii chiri kusiyiwa chisina kujeka? Vateereri vakasiyana - siyana vangadudzira sei shoko iri nenzira yakasiyana?

Kutsoropodza uku kunokubatsira kuti uve mutengi anonzwisisa mashoko uye kuti iwe pachako uve munhu anobudirira zvikuru wokukurukura nevamwe.

Misungo Inowanzosashandiswa

Kudavira Kuti Zvinhu Zvakaitika Nhasi uye Nhoroondo Dzacho

Chikanganiso chimwe chakakurumbira mukunzvera kutaura kwenhau ndechokurangarira kutaura kwekare kwapanguva ino chose chose pasina kurangarira mashoko akwo enhau. Nepo kwakakodzera kunzvera nokungwarira mativi ane zvinetso ehurukuro dzenhau, nzwisiso inoda kuaisa mukati menhambo yavo yenguva.

Ikoku hakurevi kupembedza kusaruramisira kana kuti kugamuchira mirangariro yechinyakare, asi panzvimbo pezvo kunzwisisa kuti vakurukuri vakashanda sei mukati uye pane dzimwe nguva mukurwisana nezvisingabvumirwi uye nezvinofungwa zvenguva yavo.

Kunyanyoshandisa

Dzivisa kuderedza hurukuro dzakaoma kumashoko mamwe anorerutswa kana kuti mashoko akanyanyisa. Nepo mitsetse inoyeukwa ichikosha, inowana simba rayo kubva mumashoko akapoteredza mashoko makuru. Kunzwisisa kutaura kwakazara, kufambira mberi kwepfungwa, uye mifungo yeshoko racho inogovera nzwisiso huru zvikuru.

Kutaura kwakawanda kune zvose simba nezvakasakanaka, zvinhu zvinoshanda uye zvisingashandi.

Kufuratira Kubereka Namabasa

Pakunzvera hurukuro, usanyanyonangidzira ngwariro parugwaro rwakanyorwa uchifuratira kupa. Maitirwe anoitwa sei mashoko. (Inzwi romukurukuri, nguva, majangariko, uye kuvapo) zvinotapura simba rarwo nenzira yokufananidzira. Kana zvichibvira, teerera kana kuti tarira hurukuro dzakarekodwa panzvimbo pokungorava bedzi mashoko.

Hurukuro yaMambo paChirangaridzo cheLincoln muna August 1963, pamberi pavanhu 250 000, ndeimwe yehurukuro dzinokatyamadza zvikurusa munhau yazvino uno, asi Mambo haana kubatanidza nhevedzano pamusoro pe"Dream" mutsinhiro dzake dzakagadzirirwa, nomuimbi Macalia Jackson achidanidzira kuti Mambo ataure pamusoro pe‘Droto," uye Mambo achivanza zvakavakirwa patsinhiro dzaaita muhurukuro dzapakuvamba. Muenzaniso uno unoratidza kuti mashandisirwo emashoko anogona sei kuumba kunyange kutaura kwakasanogadzirwa.

Kuregeredza Kugamuchirwa Kwevateereri

Yeuka kuti hurukuro hadzisipo dziri dzoga,_zhikanwo dzekurukurirano dzinobatanidza vakurukuri, vateereri, uye mashoko akapoteredza. Rangarira kuti vateereri vakasiyana vangave vakagamuchira sei kutaura kumwe chete. Nzvera kuita chaiko kwenhau panzvimbo pokufungidzira kuti vateereri vakapindura sei.

Zivawo kuti mukurumbira wekutaura ungavapozve nokufamba kwenguva. Dzimwe hurukuro dzakatanga kunzi dzinokundikana dzakazozivikanwa sedzaikosha, asi dzimwe dzaizopembererwa panguva iyoyo dzichipera. Kunzwisisa kushanduka - shanduka uku kunoreva kunzwisisa zvarinoreva.

Simba Rinogara Rekutaura Kukuru

Hurukuro dzenhau dzinomirira kurukurirano inopfuurira yavanhu pamusoro pepfungwa dzedu dzakakwirira zvikuru nerwisano hurusa. Inoita kuti vanhu vawane mashoko ane simba rakaringanira kusunda marudzi, kudenha kusaruramisira, kunyandura ushingi, kana kuti mirangariro yakajeka yenguva yemberi iri nani. Kudzidza kuziva nokududzira hurukuro idzi kunotibatanidza neiyi kurukurirano huru zvikuru uye kunotibetsera kunzwisisa kuti mutauro unoumba sei zvokwadi.

Unyanzvi hunobatanidzwa mukunzvera hurukuro dzenhau(- Rwiyo rwapedyo, nzwisiso yapakarepo, kunzvera kwokusada kupindura, uye kutsoropodza zvinonzi “kushandisa kudzimwe nzvimbo dzisingaverengeki. Kunokuita muravi ari nani, munyori, mufungi, uye kukurukura. Kubetsera kunzwisisa kuti nharo dzinoshanda sei, kuti mirangariro nenjere zvinowirirana sei, uye kuti mutauro unogona sei kushandiswa mutsika kana kuti nenzira yokunyengera.

Zvichida zvinokosha zvikuru, kufunda hurukuro huru kunotiyeuchidza nezvesimba ramashoko rokuchinja nyika.

Sezvaunokudziridza mano ako okuziva kutaura kunokosha nokududzira mashoko azvo, unokumbanira gamuchidzanwa rokuvimbisana kwokutsoropodza nehurukuro yavose inodzokera shure kuAtene yekare. Unova akashongedzerwa zviri nani kuyera kutaura kwaunosangana nako zuva nezuva uye kuwedzera inzwi rako umene kukurukurirano dzinopfuurira pamusoro peruramisiro, rusununguko, uye chiremera chavanhu. zvidzidzo zvehurukuro hurusa dzenhau zvinoramba zviri zvinokosha nokukurumidza, zvichipa zvose zviri zviviri kufuridzira nouchenjeri hunoshanda nokuda kwokupedza zvinetso zvenguva yedu timene.

Kuita Chiito: Nhano Dzako Dzinotevera

Tanga nokusarudza kutaura kunokunakidza, zvichida kwataurwa munyaya ino kana kuti imwe yataurwa munyaya dzauri kuda kuziva. Verenga kana kuti teerera kakawanda, uchinyora mashoko anobatsira kana kuti anoyeukwa.

Nzvera mashoko akapoteredza mashoko enhau akapoteredza, ndiani akanga ari mukurukuri, mamiriro ezvinhu akaita kuti ataure mashoko acho, akagamuchirwa sei panguva iyoyo? Yakaitei nguva nenguva? Tsvaka kuongorora kwenyanzvi kunogona kuwedzera kunzwisisa kwako, asi kuumbawo tsananguro dzako.

Kudzidza izvi kunobatsira kuti urambe uchidzidza uye kuti ukwanise kukurukura nevamwe.

Kana uri mudzidzisi, ronga zvidzidzo zvinobetsera vadzidzi kuva vanoshingaira nehurukuro dzenhau. Kana uri mudzidzi, tsvaka mikana yokudzidza kutaura uye kutaura pachena. Kana uchingofarira kuvandudza unyanzvi hwako hwokukurukurirana, shandisa unyanzvi hwawakadzidza kubva mukutaura kukuru kusvika pakunyora kwako nokutaura kwako.

Nheyo dzakaita kuti hurukuro dzenhau dzirambe dzichishanda zvikuru nhasi.

Nokuda kwokunzverazve kweiyi musoro, shanyira zviwanikwa zvakafanana ne American Rhetoric website, iyo inopa miunganidzwa mikuru yehurukuro nenzvero, kana kuti kunzvera [ National Archives[ nokuda kwezvinyorwa zvamavambo. [[FLT:]] [[FLT]]] yakabatanidza [[[FLT:]]] chikuva chinogovera mienzaniso yepano yebasa rokutaura pachena, nepo masangano edzidzo akafanana ne Hurumende] yeNational Constitution Center cental Center [FLT] pahurukuro dzezvamatongerwe enyika dzeAmerica. Masangano aInterna] International [FFLT]]

Kufundwa kwehurukuro dzenhau pakupedzisira inhau pamusoro pokunzwisisa kurukurirano yavanhu pamugumisiro wayo mukurusa. Kunozivisa kuti mashoko anogona sei kunyandura chiito, denho kusaruramisira, kubatanidza vanhu vakakamukana, uye zviono zvokujekesera izvo zvinoumba nguva yemberi. Kupfurikidza nokukudziridza mano ako okuziva nokududzira hurukuro idzi, hausati uchingowana zivo yenhau chete asi uchenjeri hunoshanda kumativi asingaverengeki oupenyu. Manzwi enguva yakapfuura anopfuurira kutaura kwatiri, kupa zvidzidzo, kurudziro, uye denho izvo zvinoramba zvichishanda nhasi seakatanga kutaurwa.