Mavambo Echiremera: Kunzwisisa Simba Rakarurama

Chiremera chinoumba museve wenzanga yavanhu, kubva mukirasi kusvikira kudare kusvikira kumikoto yesimba rezvamatongerwe enyika. Asi havasi chiremera chose chakasikwa chakaenzana. Chinosianisa mutongi nomudzvinyiriri, maneja nomukuru nomushushi, kana kuti mutemo kazhinji kazhinji unouya kumurangariro mumwe unotambudza: kuva apamutemo. Mumasangano enzanga, simba rapamutemo rinonongedzera kuchiremera chinogamuchirwa, chinogamuchirwa, uye chinorangarirwa kuva chakarurama naavo vanozviisa pasi pacho. Kugamuchira uku hakumanikidzirwa; hakubvi muzvitendero zvinogoveranwa, tsika dzetsika, uye zvivako zvesangano izvo zvinopa vanhu vamwe kana kuti mitumbi kodzero yokuita zvisarudzo nokushandisa mitemo. Kunzwisisa simba rapamutemo kunokosha nokuda kwokudzidza munhu upi noupi anodzora, mufambiro wesangano, kana kuti mufambire. Kutsanangura chikonzero nei kuzviisa pasi pemitero, kana kuti mutungamiriri wemirayiridzo anenge angotevera, kana kuti apedze kuoma.

Kurondedzera Simba Rakarurama Nemavara Aro

Simba rapamutemo isimba iro munhu mumwe nomumwe kana kuti sangano rinaro nemhaka yokuti vamwe vanodavira kuti muridzi wamasimba ane maruramiro okushandisa pesvedzero. Ichi chitendero chakavakirwa mutsika yemipimo inogoverwa, mitemo, kana kuti magamuchidzanwa ayo anosimbisa nzvimbo yaiye ane simba. Kusafanana nesimba resimba resimba, iro rinotsamira patyisidziro kana kuti simba, kana kuti simba rinopa mubayiro, rinotsamira pakurudziro, simba rapamutemo rinoshanda kupfurikidza nebvumirano uye musengwa womukati.

Mavara makuru anoverengeka anorondedzera simba rapamutemo ndokurisiyanisa nezvimwe zvimiro zvechiremera:

  • Chirango: Chiremera chinobvumwa naavo vanozviisa pasi pacho. Vanhu vanobvuma kuti ane simba ane maruramiro okuita zvisarudzo uye kupa mirairo. Uku kuziva kazhinji kazhinji kunorongwa kupfurikidza namasarudzo, kugadzwa, kana kuti mugariro wakagarwa nhaka.
  • Kushandiswa kwesimba kunowirirana nemitemo yakagadzwa, mipimo, uye miitiro. Apo mutungamiriri anoita nenzira yokuzvidira kana kuti kunze kunogamuchirwa, kunoparadza pamutemo. Kusachinja kunosimbisa kufanoziviswa nokuvimbika kwechiremera.
  • Chiremera chinozivikanwa sechakarurama uye chakaenzana. Vanhu vangangogamuchira simba apo vanodavira kuti rinoshandiswa pasina rusaruro uye vanobatira zvakanaka zvavose. Kururamisira kunokosha kuti vachengetedze kuva pamutemo kwenguva refu.
  • Kushanda kwapamutemo:[ Simba remitemo rinobetsera kuteramo yenzanga nebatira pamwe. Kunopa gadziriro yokupedza nayo gakava, kuita zvisarudzo zvakabatana, uye chiito. Kana kuva pamutemo kwakasimba, masangano anoshanda zvakanaka zvikuru.
  • Kuzvidavirira: Chiremera chemitemo chinobatanidza chaizvoizvo miitiro inochengeta vane simba vane mutoro nokuda kwezviito zvavo. Uku kuzvidavirira kunogona kuita chimiro chesarudzo, hwirudzuro yedare, kana kuti zviyereso zvesangano.

Mavambo Esimba Akarurama

Nyanzvi dzakatsvaka kwenguva refu kutsanangura kuti simba rapamutemo rinomuka sei, chikonzero nei vanhu vachirigamuchira, uye chinoitika parinoputsika.

Marudzi Matatu Echiremera

Nyanzvi yezvemagariro avanhu yeGermany Max Weber yakagovera chimwe chegadziriro dzinopesvedzera zvikurusa nokuda kwokunzwisisa chiremera chapamutemo. Mubasa rake renguva duku Economy neSosaiti, Weber akazivisa marudzi matatu akachena echiremera chapamutemo, rumwe norumwe rwakavakirwa mumanyuko akasiana oururami.

Chiremera chegamuchidzanwa: Ichi chimiro chechiremera chakavakirwa patsika dzakagara dzakasimba, tsika, uye miitiro yakare. Chinotsamira pachitendero muutsvene hwegamuchidzanwa uye kuva pamutemo kwaavo vakashandisa simba mumagamuchidzanwa iwayo. Chiremera chamagamuchidzanwa chiratidzo chenhaka yenhaka, machinda edzinza, uye gadziriro dzamadzitateguru. Simba rinopfuudzwa nomutsara wedzinza, uye chiremera chomutongi chinogamuchirwa nemhaka yokuti "kwave kuri nzira iyoyi nguva dzose." Nepo chiremera chegamuchidzanwa chichigona kugovera tsigadziko uye chingarwisa kuwirirana nemigariro yazvino uno.

Chiremera chamashiripiti:[[FLT: 1] Chiremera cheCharism chinobva mumavara omunhu oga echienzi omutungamiriri. Vateveri vanokweverwa kuchitarisiko chomutungamiriri, magamba, kana kuti zvipo zvinonzwisiswa semisikirwo. Weber yakarondedzera sharisma se "chinhu chimwe cheunhu hwomunhu oga kupfurikidza nokunaka kwaanosanangurwa navanhuwo zvavo uye anobatwa saanoratidzirwa namavara anopfuura ohunhu, kana kuti zvimwe masimba akatanhamara zvikuru kana kuti mavara. Vatungamiriri veCharisciation vanowanzobuda munguva dzenjodzi kana kuti chinjo yenzanga, kuratidzira zviono izvo zvinodenha mirairo iripo. Mitengo yaMartin King Jr. Mahna, naMahdahdahract. Chimiro ichi chinotsamira pasimba rinopfumbaurirwa nemhaka yokubudirira kwomutungamiriri wemato.

Chiremera cheRegational: Ichi ndicho chimiro chikuru chechiremera munzanga dzazvino uno. Chiremera chapamutemo chinobva mugadziriro yemitemo, miitiro, uye mitemo. Simba rinoshandiswa mukuwirirana nemirau inosimbiswa, uye vatungamiriri vane chiremera kupfurikidza nenzvimbo yavo, kwete mavara avo omunhu oga. Bureacracy iratidzi yakachena zvikurusa yechiremera chapamutemo, negadziriro yayo yemitemo, mitemo yakanyorwa, uye inofanirwa nemitemo inogadzwa yapamutemo. Chiremera chomutongi, mapurisa, kana kuti mutungamiriri wehurumende chinobva kutsika dzavo dzapamutemo dzinorondedzera basa ravo. Chiremera chepamutemo hachisi choungwa, chinochinjika, uye chinochinjika zvikuru, chinovawo chisa.

Dzidziso Yenzanga

Rondedzero yebvumirano yenzanga inopa murangariro wakasiana pasimba rapamutemo, ichisimbisa kubvumirana nebvumirano. Vanofunga saThomas Hobbes, John Locke, uye Jean-Jacques vakanzvera pfungwa yokuti chiremera chapamutemo chezvamatongerwe enyika chinomuka kubva muchibvumirano chakananga kana kuti chakajeka pakati pavanhu kuti vaumbe nzanga ndokutanga hurumende.

Hobbas, vachinyora mumashoko akapoteredza eHondo yeChivil yeEngland, vakataura kuti pasina chibvumirano chenzanga, upenyu huchava "hondo yevose," inoratidzirwa norutyo rwenguva dzose nokusachengeteka. Kuti vapukunyuke mugariro uyu wechisiko, vanhu vanobvuma kupa mamwe erusununguko rwavo kuchiremera chaidzo chinogona kuchengeta nhevedzano nokushandisa mitemo. Nokuti Hobbas, chiremera chinobuda kubva pasimba ramambo rokugovera chengeteko, kwete kubva kumaruramiro api neapi omuzvarirwo okutonga. Vakapa chiono chakasununguka zvikuru, vanorwisana kuti vanhu vapinde chibvumirano chamagariro chavo kuti vadzivirire kodzero dzavo dzomusikirwo dzoupenyu, rusununguko, uye zvinhu. Gematete. Murangariro wavanhu unoraira zvakananga kuti vapiwe.

Kururamisira Mukutonga Negadziriro Yenzanga

Kutendeseka hausi pfungwawo zvayo yemagariro ezvamatongerwe enyika; ine miuyo mikuru inoshanda nokuda kwemashandire anoita nzanga. Apo chiremera chinorangarirwa sechapamutemo, vagari vemo vanowirirana nokuzvidira nemitemo, vanobhadhara mitero, vanoshanda pamatare edare, uye vanogamuchira zvisarudzo zvehurumende, kunyange apo zvisarudzo izvozvo zvinorwisana nezvinodiwa zvavo pachavo. Uku kuzviisa pasi kwokuzvidira kunoderedza kudikanwa kwokumanikidzira nokungwarira, kusunungura pfuma nokuda kwezvimwe zvinangwa zvenzanga. Mutemo unokurudzirawo kuvimba nemasangano, izvo zvinokosha nokuda kwezvirongwa zvinobudirira, kubudirira mune zvoupfumi, uye kushandira pamwe chete.

Kutendeseka uye Kubatana Munzanga

Simba rapamutemo rinogovera gadziriro yenhevedzano yenzanga. Rinogadza miitiro inotungamirira mufambiro, uye miitiro inopedza rwisano. Apo vanhu vanogamuchira kuva pamutemo kwegadziriro yavo yezvamatongerwe enyika, vane bviro huru yokushanda mukati mamasangano aripo kupedza zvichemo panzvimbo pokutendeukira kumasimba masimba kana kuti kupandukira. Kudzora kunoshanda somurindi unodzivisa kusagadzikana kwenzanga, kubvumira nzanga kutora katyamadzo nokuchinjira kumigariro inochinja pasina kuwira munyongano. Zvisinei, kururama hakusati kuri kubudirira kwechigarire; kunofanira kusimbiswa nguva dzose kupfurikidza nokudzorwa, kubatwa zvakanaka, uye kutevererwa kumira kumitemo yakagadzwa.

Kutyisidzira Kururama

Kushaikwa kwomutemo kunogona kupera apo vabati vesimba vanoputsa tsika nekariro zvinotsigira chiremera chavo. Tyisidziro dzavose dzinobatanidza uori, umo vatungamiriri vanoshandisa nzvimbo yavose nokuda kwemhindu yomunhu oga; kushandiswa zvisina kufanira kwesimba, uko zviremera zvinoita nenzira yokuzvidira kana kuti inodzvinyirira; uye kushaikwa kwemipimo, apo zvikamu zvikuru zvavagari vemo zvinobviswa mumiitiro yokuita zvisarudzo. Apo kudzorwa kwapamutemo kunova kwezvibvumirano, uye kurwisana nokuramba. Vagari vemo vangapinda mukutsutsutsutsumwa, kusateerera kwavagari vemo, kana kuti, munhau dzakanyanyisa. Kuputsika kwomutemo kunogona kuva nemigumisiro inoparira miuyo inodzo, kwete bedzi hurumende inogatisirwa mugadziriro yose yehurumende. Mienzaniso yenhau inova yakawanda, kubva mukuwa kweRoma kusvikira kukuputsika kwehurumende dzehurumende dzehurumende muEast yeEast yeEurope ya 1989.

Kuongorora Zvirwere Musimba Rakarurama

Kuongorora nhoroondo dzakaitika kare kunoratidza kuti simba rakarurama rinovakwa sei, rinokwikwidzana sei, uye kuti rinoshandurwa sei.

Chinjo yeAmerica: Dambudziko Routere

Chinjo yeAmerica ndichinoitika chakatanhamara chenjodzi yopamutemo. Vadzori veBritain muNorth America vakanga vagamuchira kare chiremera cheHurumende yeBritain neParamende. Zvisinei, kusawirirana kwakawedzera sezvo Britain yakaisa mitero mitsva nemirairo pasina kupa vamiririri muParamende. Chiziviso chokuti "hapa mutengo pasina kumiririrwa" chakabata chichemo chikuru: vadzori veBritain vakapikisa kuti chiremera cheBritain nemhaka yokuti chakaputsa nheyo yemitemo yechiremera. Chibvumirano cheFrefence chakarevedza iyi zvakajeka zvakajeka zvakajeka zvakajeka, vachisimbisa kuti hurumende dzinowana“ masimba avo akarurama kubva mukubvumira kwoutongi" uye kuti i "kodzero yavanhu kushandura kana kuti iparadze Hurumende ipi neipi inova inoparadza iyi miganhurikidzo. Vapanduki havana kuramba murangariro wechiremera chapamutemo; panzvimbo pezvo, vakatsvaka kutanga kusimbisa kuti hurumende itsva murumbidzo rwakakurumbira uye pamutemo rwehurumende yehurumende yehurumende yehurumende yehurumende yehurumende yehurumende yehurumende yehurumende.

Boka Rekodzero Dzevagari Vemo: Kushora Chiremera Chinotonga

Chivil Rights Movement yema1950 na 1960 ndimumwe muenzaniso une simba wekudenhwa kwapamutemo kunogona kupokanwa nokugadziriswa. VaAmerica vomuAfrica muSouth inosarudzwa vakagara mutsika yepamutemo yairamba maruramiro makuru uye yakavaita kuti varonge. Nepo mitemo yenhambo yeJim Conrow yakanga ine zvisungo zvetsika zvechiremera chapamutemo, ivo vakanga vasina kuva vapamutemo mukuona kwavo vakadzvinyirirwa uye, nenzira inowedzera, mumaziso orudzi. Vatungamiriri vakafanana naMartin Luther King Jr. vakakumbira nheyo dzakakwirira dzeruramisiro neuenzani kuti vapikire kuva nohureve. Kupfurikidza nokuramba kwamasimba masimba, hondo dzapamutemo, uye nharo dzapamutemo, zviito zvetsika dzinosunda, sangano rinofumuranisa mumikahare yetsika yenyika yenyika yenyika yenyika yenyika inosarudzwa uye miitiro yayo yedzinza ramarudzi. Ganhuriro rechigariro rechinidzo renyika yose ra19646 neredhi ramagariro yechiremera chehurumende chapamutemo, chibvumirano chapamutemo, chibvumirano chemitemo chapamutemo, chinopesana nemitemo chapamutemo. Chino chinopesana nenhau chacho hachino

Mienzaniso Yepanguva Ino: Kuita Zvakarurama Muzana Remakore Rechi21

Kushanda kwoururami kunopfuurira kutsiva mune zvamatongerwe enyika zvenguva ino. Kumukira kwechiArab Spring kwa2010-2011 kwakaratidzira kuti hurumende dzinomira dzinodzorwa nehurumende dzinodzorwa nehurumende dzinotonga dzakaita sedzakarurama nokukurumidza apo vagari vemo vakagumisa kuti vatongi vavo vakanga varasikirwa nekodzero ipi neipi yokutonga. MuEastern Europe, masangano munyika dzakadai sePoland neHungary akadenha kuva nomutemo uye chinjo dzebumbiro remitemo, achipikisa kuti dzinosekesa mutemo. MuUnited States, gakavariro dzechisarudzo chedare guru, uye chiremera chapurezidhendi zvose zvakamutsa mibvunzo inokosha pamusoro porumano emasangano ezvamatongerwe enyika. Uku kukwirirana kwapanguva ino. Kutonga kwapanguva ino kuoma kwakasimbisa kuti kuva chinhu chinoitwa chinopfuurira, kwete nhaka yechigarire. Kunoda kugadziriswa kwenguva dzose kupfurikidza nemigumisiro inooneka, migumisiro yakanaka, uye kuzvidavirira kwapachokwadi.

Kudzidzisa Simba Rakarurama Mukirasi

Vadzidzisi vane basa rinokosha rokuita mukubetsera vadzidzi kunzwisisa simba rapamutemo uye zvarinoreva nokuda kwougari hwemo nokudzora.

Kuongorora Chiremera Kunonyanya Kuoma

Vadzidzisi vanogona kukurudzira vadzidzi kunzvera manyuko neganhuriro zvechiremera mumativi akasiyana - siyana. Kurukurirano dzomukirasi dzinganzvera mibvunzo yakadai seyokuti: Chii chinoita kuti mutemo uve wapamutemo?

Kubatanidza Kubvumirana Kwomutemo Nechibvumirano Chechibic

Kunzwisisa simba rapamutemo kunogona kusunda vadzidzi kuva vatori rutivi vanoshingaira zvikuru navane mufungo muupenyu hwomugari wemo. Apo vadzidzi vanonzwisisa kuti chiremera chapamutemo chinotsamira pakubvuma, kuzvidavirira, uye kutora rutivi, sezvingabvira zvikuru ivo vamene vanozviona savachengeti vengozi munzanga dzavo negadziriro dzezvamatongerwe enyika. Vadzidzi vanogona kukurudzira vadzidzi kupinda mukutonga kwechikoro, basa renzanga, kana kuti kuvhiringidzwa panhau dzavanoitira. Kupfurikidza nokuwana miitiro yokuita chisarudzo chapamutemo zvakananga, vadzidzi vanoisa mipimo nemipimo zvinotsigira masangano ehurumende. Vanodzidza kuti chinhu chakarurama hachingoitiki kwavari asi chimwe chinhu chavanobetsera kupfurikidza nokuvimbisana kwavo.

Kutaura Nemakakatanwa Zvinobudirira

Kukurukurirana nezvesimba rakakodzera kunogona kutapura nhau dzinonetsa, kubatanidza kunyunyuta, kusateerera kwavagari vemo, uye miganhu yechiremera chehurumende. Vadzidzisi vane unyanzvi vanogona kutungamirira idzi kurukurirano munzira idzo dzinoremekedza, dzinotsigirwa noufakazi, uye dzakatendeseka mundangariro. Nokunzvera mifungo yakasiyana - siyana yenhau neuzivi yezvinotaurwa nenharo dzinokwikwikwidzana, vadzidzi vanodzidza kupedza kusabvumirana nenzira inovaka.

Kushanda Kunopfuura Zvematongerwe Enyika

Kunyange zvazvo simba rapamutemo richiwanzokurukurwa zvikuru mumashoko akapoteredza ehurumende, rakakodzera zvakaenzana mune dzimwe nzvimbo. Mumasangano, vatungamiriri vanowana chiremera chapamutemo munzvimbo dzavo mukati mechinzvimbo chevafundisi, asi vanofanira kuchiwana kupfurikidza nekwavanoshanda, kusaruramisira, uye ruremekedzo nokuda kwavakuru vavo. Vakuru vakuru vanotsamira pachiremera bedzi vanowana kuti simba ravo rinopera apo vanokundikana kuratidza mavara aya. Munzvimbo dzemitemo, mibvunzo youne maruramiro inomuka panzvimbo dzose, kudzora, uye chiremera chenzanga dzapaIndaneti. Ndiani ane kodzero yokugadza mitemo yetsika dzapakombiyuta nokuda kwetsika dzapapureji yenhau, uye chii chinoita kuti mitemo iyoyo igamutsikidzeke? Muukama hwenyika yose, pamutemo hwemasangano akafanana neMarudzi anozivikanwa, anoshanda, uye kuteverwa kwaanowirirana. Uku kuratidzwa kwomutemo kunoitwa mumitevero mukuru.

mhedziso

Simba remitemo nderimwe remifungo yakatanhamara zvikurusa musayenzi yenzanga. Inotsanangura chikonzero nei vanhu vanogamuchira chiremera, nzira iyo nzanga dzinochengeta nayo nhevedzano, uye chinoitika apo zvisungo zvekuparadza pamutemo. Kubva kutsika dzaWeber dzechiremera kurondedzero yenzanga, nyanzvi dzakagovera midziyo ine simba rokunzwisisa nheyo dzesimba rapamutemo. Nzvero dzenhau dzinozivisa kuti kuva nesimba uye kuwirirana, kunoratidza kuti kunogona kuvakwa sei, kukwikwikwidza, uye kuvandudza. Vadzidzisi, vanodzidzisa pamusoro pesimba rapamutemo kuti vakudziridze kufunga kwokutsoropodza, kuvimbisana, uye kuonga kukuru nokuda kwenheyo dzinodzora nzanga. Munhambo yezvamatongerwe enyika, kusava noumhizha, kushandukira, uye kukurumidza, inoita kuti chiremera chisatongokodzeke nokukurumidza.